Soldering nozzle

Abstract

Soldering nozzle (10) with a base body (12) extending between a nozzle base (14) and a nozzle outlet (16) along a longitudinal axis (18), with a plumb channel (42) extending within the base body (12) between a plumb inlet (44) and a plumb outlet (46), wherein the base body (12) has a solder guide section (48) extending from the nozzle outlet (16) in the direction of the nozzle base (14) with an outer contour (50) over which solder flowing out of the solder outlet (46) flows during operation of the soldering nozzle, characterized in that that the outer contour (50) has several radially inward extending indentations (52) and / or several radially outward extending protrusions (54), so that the outer contour (50) has different distances (56, 56', 56'') to the longitudinal axis (18) along its circumference.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a soldering nozzle with a base body and a solder channel.

[0002] Soldering nozzles are used to direct molten solder in a wave pattern to one or more contact points to be joined during a soldering process. Soldering nozzles thus serve as an interface between a solder source, such as a heated solder pot containing melted or supplied solder, and the assembly to be soldered.

[0003] One soldering process that utilizes wave soldering is called selective soldering. In selective soldering, molten solder, pumped from a solder bath, flows through the soldering nozzle. The solder flows through a solder inlet into a solder channel and exits the nozzle through a solder outlet, forming a solder wave. Selective soldering is particularly useful for printed circuit boards (PCBs) populated with through-hole technology components, also known as the solder body. The solder wave is brought into contact with a specific solder joint on the component to solder it. It is possible for a single soldering nozzle to sequentially solder several joints. The solder then flows from the solder wave back to the solder source via the outer surface of the nozzle. Selective soldering is especially suitable for soldering sensitive or densely populated assemblies.

[0004] Such soldering nozzles, especially for selective soldering, are known, for example, from DE 10 2020 118 399 A1 and DE 10 2024 100 061 A1.

[0005] To avoid defects and / or soldering errors, a precise and reproducible solder wave formation is essential. For example, excessive wetting, particularly in the form of so-called solder tails that form when the soldering nozzle or pot moves from one solder joint to another and are dragged behind the actual solder wave, can lead to unwanted wetting of multiple contact points and thus to short circuits. Insufficient wetting, on the other hand, risks failing to establish a sufficient connection between the circuit board and the components being soldered. This is especially true for static soldering processes, where the reproducible formation of the solder wave directly impacts process quality.

[0006] Furthermore, when the soldering process is completed, a large amount of solder from the circuit board can be unintentionally pulled along with the dissipating solder wave, especially pulled back, which can accumulate at the solder joint and thus lead to short circuits.

[0007] Furthermore, soldering nozzles are subject to considerable stress during operation. Continuous contact with liquid solder, which is typically heated to temperatures between 250 °C and 350 °C, leads to material stresses such as corrosion, erosion, and oxidation, ultimately reducing the service life of the soldering nozzles.

[0008] The invention is based on the objective of overcoming at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art and providing a soldering nozzle that contributes to a precise formation of the soldering wave and has an increased service life.

[0009] This problem is solved by a soldering nozzle according to claim 1.

[0010] The soldering nozzle has a base body extending along a longitudinal axis between a nozzle base and a nozzle outlet. A solder channel is arranged within the base body, extending between a solder inlet and a solder outlet. The base body has a solder guide section extending from the nozzle outlet towards the nozzle base, with an outer contour over which solder flowing from the outlet is directed during operation of the soldering nozzle. The outer contour has several radially inwardly extending indentations and / or several radially outwardly extending protrusions. Consequently, the outer contour has varying distances, particularly varying radial distances, from the longitudinal axis along its circumference.

[0011] The design described above increases the length of the outer contour, i.e., the circumferential length, so that the flowing solder can come into contact with the soldering nozzle over a larger area. Consequently, contact forces, such as adhesive forces, between the soldering nozzle and the solder are increased, causing the solder to flow away close to the nozzle.

[0012] The increased contact forces also help guide the molten solder from the soldering wave towards the soldering nozzle. This reduces the risk of solder tails forming when the nozzle moves away from a joint due to contact forces between the solder and the joint. Furthermore, the indentations and / or protrusions help the solder flow smoothly along the outer contour. Cohesive forces, i.e., the internal cohesion of the molten solder, and / or its surface tension ensure that the other sections of the soldering nozzle around its circumference are also covered with solder. This contributes to a more uniform flow of solder across the outer contour of the nozzle, at least in certain sections, and prevents localized dewetting. This also reduces the risk of uneven stress on the soldering nozzle and thus extends its service life.

[0013] In addition to selective soldering, the soldering nozzle according to the invention can also be used in other soldering processes, for example wave soldering.

[0014] The operation of the soldering nozzle can involve, in particular, active use in a soldering process, especially a selective soldering process, within a soldering system. During operation, liquid solder flows through the solder channel and forms a solder wave as it exits the nozzle through the solder outlet.

[0015] The soldering nozzle can be made of, or comprise, a metal, in particular an aluminum and / or iron and / or steel and / or titanium alloy. Alternatively or additionally, the soldering nozzle can also be made of, or comprise, a ceramic, in particular aluminum oxide and / or zirconium oxide.

[0016] Separately, the soldering nozzle may have a coating, in particular an electroplating layer and / or tinning, on its outer contour and / or outer surface, which modifies the contact conditions between the soldering nozzle and the solder and / or increases the resistance of the soldering nozzle.

[0017] The soldering nozzle and / or its base body can be formed in one piece. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the soldering nozzle and / or its base body comprises several sub-bodies, which are connected and / or joined together, particularly at least partially.

[0018] The nozzle inlet and outlet and / or the plumb inlet and outlet may be arranged at an angle to each other along the longitudinal axis. The plumb inlet may be located in the nozzle base and / or the plumb outlet in the nozzle outlet.

[0019] The plumb channel can extend along the longitudinal axis. The plumb channel can have different cross-sections along its longitudinal axis. In particular, the plumb channel can have a first section with a constant cross-section starting from the nozzle base. Furthermore, the plumb channel can have a third section with a constant cross-section starting from the nozzle outlet. Between the first and third sections, the plumb channel can have a second section in which the cross-section tapers conically along the longitudinal axis from the first section towards the third section.

[0020] The plumb line section can be positioned facing the nozzle outlet and / or adjacent to the nozzle outlet.

[0021] Regardless of this, the soldering nozzle can have any number of additional sections.

[0022] During operation of the soldering nozzle, solder can be fed from a solder bath into the solder channel through the solder inlet, for example by a solder pump. The solder can then flow out of the soldering nozzle through the solder outlet and form the solder wave. Alternatively, during operation of the soldering nozzle, the solder can flow off an outer contour of the solder guide section and be at least indirectly directed back into the solder bath.

[0023] The outer contour of the plumb line segment can describe an outer surface and / or a lateral surface of the plumb line segment, particularly in a top view and / or a section plane extending at least largely orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, i.e., in cross-section. The outer contour can, in particular, describe the actual course of the outer surface of the plumb line segment, at least in cross-section.

[0024] In cross-section, orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, and / or in plan view, a reference line can be placed along the indentations or along the protrusions, or, in particular, midway between the indentations and the protrusions. The reference line can therefore, in particular, represent an incircle or a circumcircle, or indicate a center line between indentations and protrusions. The reference line can, for example, have a round, in particular a circular, or an angular, in particular rectangular, shape.

[0025] The indentations can extend radially inwards from the reference line. Alternatively or additionally, the bulges can extend radially outwards from the reference line.

[0026] The indentations can be grooves and / or notches and / or ridges and / or depressions and / or pockets and / or recesses and / or depressions and / or cutouts.

[0027] The protrusions can be elevations and / or humps and / or bumps and / or protrusions and / / shoulders and / or noses and / or bulges and / or ribs.

[0028] The indentations and / or protrusions can be arranged circumferentially, i.e., along the circumference of the outer contour and / or the reference line, and in particular, at least largely uniformly. Specifically, a protrusion can be arranged between two indentations and / or an indentation between two protrusions. The indentations and / or protrusions can therefore be arranged alternately, in particular in a wave-like or zigzag pattern.

[0029] Alternatively or additionally, the indentations and / or protrusions can be arranged along the circumference of the outer contour and / or the reference line. In particular, it is conceivable that, for example, only a few, especially 3 to 8, or further, especially 3 to 5, indentations and / or protrusions are arranged along the circumference of the outer contour and / or the reference line.

[0030] Advantageously, the indentations, in particular all indentations, can have at least largely the same minimum distance to the longitudinal axis in plan view and / or in cross-section, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the indentations, in particular all indentations, have different minimum distances to the longitudinal axis. The minimum distance(s) can be determined radially to the longitudinal axis. This contributes to an advantageous flow of the perpendicular.

[0031] Independently of this, the protrusions, in particular all protrusions, can, in plan view and / or in cross-section, have at least largely the same maximum distance to the longitudinal axis perpendicular to it. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the protrusions, in particular all protrusions, have different maximum distances to the longitudinal axis. The maximum distance(s) can be determined radially to the longitudinal axis. This contributes to an advantageous flow of the perpendicular.

[0032] Advantageously, the indentations, in particular all indentations, can be designed to correspond at least largely to one another, i.e., at least largely identically, and / or to differ from one another. Alternatively or additionally, the bulges, in particular all bulges, can be designed to correspond at least largely to one another, i.e., at least largely identically, and / or to differ from one another. In particular, the indentations can have a shape that is at least largely complementary to the bulges. The indentations can therefore have a negative shape compared to the bulges. This contributes to a particularly uniform and advantageous flow of the plumb line.

[0033] Specifically, the outer contour can be formed exclusively by the indentations and protrusions. The indentations and protrusions thus connect directly to one another along the circumference. A reference line placed midway between the indentations and protrusions is therefore only intersected by the outer contour at specific points. This contributes to a particularly large increase in the circumference length and thus to an improvement in the flow of the plumb line.

[0034] Advantageously, the indentations and / or protrusions can be arranged symmetrically, in particular point-symmetrically and / or rotationally symmetrically and / or mirror-symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis and / or a mirror plane extending along the longitudinal axis, around the circumference, i.e., circumferentially. Alternatively or additionally, the indentations and / or protrusions can be arranged evenly distributed along the circumference of the outer contour and / or the reference line, i.e., circumferentially. This contributes to a perpendicular flow that is at least partially uniform along the circumference.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the indentations and / or protrusions can extend over an angle of 30° to 360°, particularly 60° to 360°, and further, particularly 160° to 270°, around the longitudinal axis, i.e., especially in a plane extending orthogonally to the longitudinal axis. The angular segments swept by the individual indentations and / or protrusions can thus sum to a previously specified angle. In particular, it is conceivable that only the indentations, only the protrusions, or both indentations and protrusions together extend over such an angle. This contributes to advantageous flow conditions in the vertical guide section.

[0036] Separately, it is advantageous if one, and in particular each, of the indentations and / or one, and in particular each, of the protrusions extends over an angle of 1° to 40°, in particular 5° to 30°, and further in particular 10° to 20° around the longitudinal axis. This also contributes to advantageous flow conditions in the vertical guide section.

[0037] Advantageously, at least one of the indentations, and in particular all indentations, can have an indentation contour in plan view and / or in cross-section that is at least partially, and in particular largely, straight. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the bulges, and in particular all bulges, can have a bulge contour in plan view and / or in cross-section that is at least partially, and in particular largely, straight. This can improve the flow of the plumb line.

[0038] Advantageously, at least one of the indentations, and in particular all indentations, can have an indentation contour in plan view and / or in cross-section that is at least partially, and in particular largely, arc-shaped. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the bulges, and in particular all bulges, can have a bulge contour in plan view and / or in cross-section that is at least partially, and in particular largely, arc-shaped. In particular, the indentation contour and / or the bulge contour do not have a straight section. Alternatively or additionally, the indentation contour and / or the bulge contour do not have a section that extends along a circular path, in particular a concentric and / or coaxial circular path, around the longitudinal axis. This contributes to a particularly advantageous flow of the perpendicular.

[0039] Specifically, the indentation contour and / or the bulge contour, particularly in the transition area between the bulge and indentation contours, can have flanks that are arranged facing away from and / or towards each other. The flanks can be straight and / or curved. Tangents applied to the flanks, particularly those applied to the midpoints of the flanks, can form an angle of 5° to 170°, particularly 20° to 130°, and further, particularly, 40° to 110°. The flanks of the indentation contour and / or the flanks of the bulge contour thus intersect at an angle of 1° to 170°, particularly 5° to 120°, and further, particularly, 10° to 40°. This contributes to the simple manufacturability of the soldering nozzle and to optimized flow conditions.

[0040] In an advantageous embodiment, the transition between at least one indentation and at least one protrusion adjacent to the indentation can be rounded and / or continuous and / or angular and / or angular and / or discontinuous. "Adjacent" can mean directly adjacent and / or without an intervening indentation or protrusion. This also contributes to advantageous flow characteristics.

[0041] Advantageously, the distance of the outer contour to the longitudinal axis, in particular the radial distance, can, in plan view and / or in cross-section, at least partially follow the course of a segment of a periodic function, in particular a sine function and / or a cosine function, orthogonal to the longitudinal axis along the circumference. Projected onto a linear axis, i.e., virtually unwound, the outer contour can thus follow the course of a periodic function, in particular a sine function and / or a cosine function, at least partially. The segment of the periodic function can, in particular, extend from 0 to π and / or from π to 2π and / or from -π / 2 to +π / 2 and / or from π / 2 to 3 / 2π. This contributes to the simple manufacturability of the soldering nozzle and to a reproducible solder flow.

[0042] Advantageously, in the top view and / or in cross-section, the difference between the maximum distance of a protrusion from the longitudinal axis and the minimum distance of a recess from the longitudinal axis can correspond to a factor of 0.005 to 0.6, in particular 0.01 to 0.4, and further, in particular 0.05 to 0.3, times the maximum distance and / or the minimum distance, respectively. This allows the circumferential length of the outer contour to be increased and the flow behavior of the plumb line to be improved.

[0043] Independently of this, in the top view and / or in cross-section, the difference between the maximum distance of a protrusion from the longitudinal axis and the minimum distance of a recess from the longitudinal axis can correspond to a factor of 0.01 to 1, in particular 0.05 to 0.8, and further, in particular 0.1 to 0.6, times the diameter of the plumb outlet, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. This also contributes to an increase in the circumferential length of the outer contour and can improve the flow behavior of the plumb line.

[0044] Separately, in the top view and / or in the cross-section, the difference between the maximum distance of a protrusion to the longitudinal axis and the minimum distance of a recess to the longitudinal axis can be between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, in particular between 0.2 mm and 2 mm, and further, in particular between 0.3 mm and 1 mm. This can also increase the circumferential length of the outer contour and improve the flow behavior of the plumb line.

[0045] Appropriately, the indentations can have bay bottoms and / or the indentations bay crests. The bay bottoms and / or the bay crests can extend at least largely along bay lines.

[0046] The bay lines can extend at least largely parallel to the longitudinal axis. The indentations can therefore be of the same depth and / or the bulges of the same height along the longitudinal axis. Alternatively or additionally, the bay lines can intersect the longitudinal axis at acute angles, particularly angles of less than 10°. The indentations can thus have different depths and / or the bulges of different heights along the longitudinal axis. In particular, it is conceivable that the bay lines of the bay crests extend parallel to the longitudinal axis and the bay lines of the bay bottoms intersect the longitudinal axis at acute angles. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the bay lines of the bay bottoms extend parallel to the longitudinal axis and the bay lines of the bay crests intersect the longitudinal axis at acute angles. This contributes to the plumb line flowing particularly well along the plumb line section.

[0047] Alternatively or additionally, the bay lines can be round and / or curved and / or angled and / or angular. In particular, it is conceivable that the bay lines extend circularly and / or spirally around the longitudinal axis. Thus, it is especially conceivable that the indentations and / or protrusions extend spirally around the longitudinal axis. This also contributes to the plumb line flowing particularly well along the plumb line section.

[0048] Advantageously, the base body can have an outlet area extending from the nozzle outlet towards the nozzle base, with an outlet cross-section and / or an outlet diameter that is at least largely constant when viewed along the longitudinal axis. The outlet cross-section can at least largely correspond to and / or be aligned with the reference line. Furthermore, the base body can have a pedestal area extending from the nozzle base towards the nozzle outlet, with a pedestal cross-section and / or a pedestal diameter that is at least largely constant when viewed along the longitudinal axis.Furthermore, the base body between the socket area and the outlet area can have a base section with a base cross-section and / or base diameter that tapers partially and / or section by section along the longitudinal axis in the positive direction, i.e., from the nozzle base towards the nozzle outlet. The base cross-section and / or base diameter can therefore taper partially and / or section by section from the socket area to the outlet area. This promotes a uniform solder flow along the entire soldering nozzle.

[0049] The solder guide section can extend into the outlet area and, in particular, also into the base area. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the solder guide section extends only into a portion of the outlet area, especially into a portion extending from the nozzle outlet. The longitudinal extent of the solder guide section along the longitudinal axis can be between 0.1 and 0.95, in particular between 0.2 and 0.7, and further, in particular between 0.3 and 0.6, times the longitudinal extent of the outlet area along the longitudinal axis. The solder guide section can therefore have a longitudinal extent that differs from the longitudinal extent of the outlet area. This also promotes a uniform solder flow along the entire soldering nozzle.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, at least one transition region can be arranged between the base region and the outlet region, the outer diameter of which is smaller than the outlet diameter of the outlet cross-section and / or the base diameter of the base cross-section and / or the socket diameter of the socket cross-section. Alternatively, the outer diameter of the transition region can be at least largely identical to the outlet diameter of the outlet cross-section and / or the base diameter of the base cross-section and / or the socket diameter of the socket cross-section. This contributes to the simple manufacturability of the soldering nozzle.

[0051] In an alternative design, the outlet area, viewed along the longitudinal axis, can be directly adjacent to the base area. This contributes to a low overall height, i.e., a shorter length, of the soldering nozzle.

[0052] The problem underlying the invention, mentioned at the outset, is further solved by a soldering nozzle according to claim 17.

[0053] The soldering nozzle has a base body extending along a longitudinal axis between a nozzle base and a nozzle outlet. Within the base body, a solder channel extends between a solder inlet and a solder outlet. The solder outlet has a solder outlet contour through which solder flows out of and / or away from the solder channel during operation of the soldering nozzle. The solder outlet contour has several radially outward-extending internal indentations and / or several radially inward-extending internal bulges. Thus, the solder outlet contour has varying radial distances from the longitudinal axis along its circumference.

[0054] The design described above increases the length of the solder outlet contour, i.e., the circumferential length of the solder outlet, allowing the flowing solder to come into contact with the soldering nozzle over a larger area. Consequently, contact forces, such as adhesive forces, between the soldering nozzle and the solder are increased, which can lead to centering of the solder wave. Furthermore, the higher contact forces result in higher pull-off forces at the end of the wetting and / or soldering process. At the end of the soldering process, the solder can therefore be drawn back into the soldering nozzle – similar to a suction effect. This increased wetting force, especially in combination with a reduced delivery rate of the solder pump, can intensify the suction effect.

[0055] The centering and / or the increased pull-off forces and / or the increased contact forces help to guide the soldering wave's molten metal towards and / or into the soldering nozzle. This reduces the risk of solder tails forming when the soldering nozzle moves away from a solder joint and / or when the wetting and / or soldering process ends, due to contact forces between the solder and the joint. Furthermore, the internal indentations and / or protrusions help to extend the soldering nozzle's service life.

[0056] In cross-section, orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, and / or in plan view, an internal reference line can be placed along the inner indentations or along the inner bulges, or, in particular, midway between the inner indentations and the inner bulges. The internal reference line can therefore, in particular, represent an incircle or a circumcircle, or indicate a center line between the inner indentations and the inner bulges. The internal reference line can, for example, have a round, in particular a circular, or an angular, in particular rectangular, shape.

[0057] The internal indentations can extend radially outwards from the internal reference line. Alternatively or additionally, the internal bulges can extend radially inwards from the internal reference line.

[0058] The internal indentations can be grooves and / or notches and / or ridges and / or depressions and / or pockets and / or indentations and / or recesses and / or recesses.

[0059] The internal protrusions can be elevations and / or humps and / or bumps and / or protrusions and / / shoulders and / or noses and / or bulges and / or ribs.

[0060] The internal indentations and / or bulges can be arranged circumferentially, i.e., distributed along the circumference. In particular, an internal bulge can be arranged between two internal indentations and / or an internal indentation between two internal bulges. The internal indentations and / or bulges can therefore be arranged alternately, especially in a wave-like or zigzag pattern.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the indentations and the inner bulges and / or the bulges and the inner indentations can be arranged in alignment, i.e., in equal angular segments along the circumference around the longitudinal axis. This contributes to a particularly advantageous flow behavior.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, the features of the embodiments described above can be combined as desired. In particular, a soldering nozzle can have both indentations and / or protrusions as well as internal indentations and / or internal protrusions. This contributes to a particularly advantageous formation of the solder wave and a preferential flow of the solder.

[0063] Further features and advantages of the invention are the subject of the following description of preferred embodiments.

[0064] The drawing shows: Fig. 1 a perspective view of a soldering nozzle according to the invention from a first viewing direction; Fig. 2 a perspective view of the soldering nozzle according to Fig. 1 from a second perspective; Fig. 3 a side view of the soldering nozzle according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2; Fig. 4. A longitudinal section through the soldering nozzle in a Fig. 3. Section plane designated IV; Fig. 5 a cross-section through the soldering nozzle in a Fig. 3. Cutting plane designated V; Fig. 6 a cross-section according to Fig. 5 with an alternative reference line; Fig. 7 a cross-section according to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 with a further alternative reference line; Fig. 8 a cross-section according to Fig. 5 in one Fig. 5 area designated VIII; Fig. 9 a cross-section according to Fig. 5 in one Fig. 5 area designated IX; Fig. 10 a perspective view of the soldering nozzle according to Fig. 2 in one Fig. 2. Area labelled X; Fig. 11 a top view of an alternative embodiment according to the invention of a soldering nozzle in a Fig. 3 area designated XI; and Fig. 12 a top view of the soldering nozzle according to Fig. 11 in a in a in Fig. 11, area designated XII.

[0065] The Fig. 1 and Fig. Figure 2 shows a soldering nozzle 10 according to the invention in a perspective view, Fig. 3 in a side view and Fig. 4 in a sectional view along the longitudinal axis according to a Fig. 3 section plane designated IV. The soldering nozzle 10 has a base body 12 which extends between a nozzle base 14 and a nozzle outlet 16 along a longitudinal axis 18.

[0066] The base body 12 has a base area 20 which extends from the nozzle base 14 along the longitudinal axis 18 in the direction of the nozzle outlet 16 and has a base cross-section 22 of at least largely constant size with a base diameter 24, see Fig. 3.

[0067] Furthermore, the base body 12 has an outlet area 26 which extends from the nozzle outlet 16 along the longitudinal axis 18 in the direction of the nozzle base 14 and has an outlet cross-section 28 with an outlet diameter 30.

[0068] Between the base area 20 and the outlet area 26 a base area 32 is arranged, the base cross-section 34 and the base diameter 36 of which taper at least partially and / or sectionally in the positive direction, i.e. from the nozzle base towards the nozzle outlet, along the longitudinal axis 18.

[0069] Between the outlet area 26 and the base area 32 a transition area 38 is arranged, the outer diameter 40 of which is smaller than the outlet diameter 30 and smaller than the base diameter 36 and smaller than the socket diameter 24.

[0070] Alternatively, it is conceivable that the outer diameter 40 of the transition area 38 corresponds at least largely to the outlet diameter 30 and / or the base diameter 36 and / or the socket diameter 24 (not shown).

[0071] Within the base body 12 a plumb channel 42 is arranged, which extends between a plumb inlet 44 and a plumb outlet 46 along the longitudinal axis 18, see Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 4.

[0072] How Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the plumb channel 42 has a first section 43 extending from the plumb inlet 44 along the longitudinal axis 18, with a cross-section 45 that is at least largely constant. Furthermore, the plumb channel 42 has a third section 47 extending from the plumb outlet 46 along the longitudinal axis 18, with a cross-section 49 that is at least largely constant. Between the first section 43 and the third section 47, the plumb channel 42 has a second section 51, the cross-section 53 of which tapers conically from the first section 43 towards the third section 47 along the longitudinal axis 18.

[0073] The base body 12 has a plumb guide section 48 extending from the nozzle outlet 16 along the longitudinal axis 18 in the direction of the nozzle base 14, see Fig. 1, Fig. 2 to Fig. 3.

[0074] The plumb line section 48 may extend in particular into and / or correspond to the outlet area 26, see Fig. 3.

[0075] Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the vertical guide section 48 extends only in a part of the outlet area 26, in particular in a part of the outlet area 26 extending from the nozzle outlet 16 (not shown). The longitudinal extent of the vertical guide section 48 along the longitudinal axis 18 can be between 0.1 and 0.95, in particular between 0.3 and 0.8, and further, in particular between 0.4 and 0.6, times the longitudinal extent of the outlet area 26 along the longitudinal axis 18. It is also conceivable that the vertical guide section 48 extends in the base area 32 and, in particular, also in the transition area 38 (not shown).

[0076] The solder guide section 48 has an outer contour 50, over which solder flowing from the solder outlet 46 flows during operation of the soldering nozzle 10.

[0077] The outer contour 50 of the plumb guide section 48 has several radially inward extending indentations 52 and several radially outward extending protrusions 54, see in particular Fig. 2 and Fig. 5. The outer contour 50 therefore has different distances along its circumference, in particular different radial distances, 56, 56', 56'' to the longitudinal axis, see Fig. 5.

[0078] In cross-section according to Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 to Fig. 9, i.e. orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 18, a reference line 58 can in particular be placed midway between the indentations 52 and the protrusions 54, see Fig. 5. The indentations 52 extend radially inwards from the reference line 58 and the protrusions 54 extend radially outwards from the reference line 58.

[0079] Alternatively, the reference line 58' can run along the indentations 52. The reference line 58' thus represents an incircle. The protrusions 54 extend radially outwards from the reference line 58', see Fig. 6.

[0080] Alternatively, the reference line 58'' can run along the protrusions 54. The reference line 58'' thus represents a circumcircle. The indentations 52 extend radially inwards from the reference line 58'', see Fig. 7.

[0081] The reference line 58, 58', 58'' has a round, in particular circular, shape.

[0082] The indentations 52 can be grooves and / or notches and / or ridges and / or depressions and / or pockets and / or recesses and / or depressions and / or recesses.

[0083] The protrusions 54 may be elevations and / or humps and / or bumps and / or protrusions and / or / shoulders and / or noses and / or bulges and / or ribs.

[0084] The indentations 52 and the protrusions 54 are arranged circumferentially, i.e., along the circumference of the outer contour 50 and / or along the circumference of the reference line 58, 58', 58'', at least largely evenly distributed.

[0085] A bulge 54 is arranged between two indentations 52. The indentations 52 and bulges 54 thus alternate circumferentially, i.e., along the circumference of the outer contour 50 and / or along the circumference of the reference line 58, 58', 58''.

[0086] The indentations 52 and the protrusions 54 are arranged symmetrically, in particular point-symmetrically and / or rotationally symmetrically and / or mirror-symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis 18 and / or a mirror plane 64 extending along the longitudinal axis, on the circumference, i.e. circumferentially, see Fig. 5.

[0087] The indentations 52 show in cross-section according to Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 to Fig. 9 orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 18 at least largely the same minimum distance 60, 60', 60'', see Fig. 9.

[0088] Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the indentations 52 have different minimum distances 60, 60', 60'' to the longitudinal axis 18 (not shown).

[0089] The bulges 54 show in cross-section according to Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 to Fig. 9 orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 18 at least largely the same maximum distance 62, 62', see Fig. 9.

[0090] Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the bulges 54 have different maximum distances 62, 62' to the longitudinal axis 18 (not shown).

[0091] The indentations 52 and the protrusions 54 are each at least largely corresponding to one another, i.e., at least largely identical in form. In particular, the indentations 52 are at least largely complementary to the protrusions 54, see for example Fig. 5 and Fig. 9.

[0092] Alternatively, it is conceivable that the indentations 52 and the protrusions 54 are each shaped differently from one another (not shown).

[0093] For example Fig. As shown in Figure 5, the outer contour 50 is formed exclusively by the indentations 52 and the protrusions 54. The indentations 52 and protrusions 54 thus connect directly to one another along the circumference. The reference line 58, placed midway between the indentations 52 and the protrusions 54, is therefore only intersected by the outer contour 50 at specific points.

[0094] The indentations 52 and / or the protrusions 54 can extend over an angle of 30° to 360°, in particular from 60° to 360° around the longitudinal axis 18, see for example Fig. 5. The angle segments 66, 66' swept over by the individual indentations 52 and / or by the individual protrusions 54 (shown as examples for one indentation 52 and one protrusion 54) can therefore be summed to give an angle specified above.

[0095] Each of the indentations 52 and each of the protrusions 54 extends over an angle of 1° to 40°, in particular from 5° to 30°, and further in particular from 10° to 20°, around the longitudinal axis 18.

[0096] As the Fig. 5 and Fig. Figure 9 shows that the indentations 52 have arcuate indentation contours 66 and the bulges 54 have arcuate bulge contours 68.

[0097] Alternatively, it is conceivable that the indentation contours 66 and / or the bulge contours 68 are at least partially straight and / or angular (not shown).

[0098] How Fig. As shown in Figure 8, the indentation contours 66 and the bulge contours 68, particularly in the transition area between indentation contour 66 and bulge contour 68, have flanks 70. The flanks 70 can, in particular, extend away from each other and / or towards each other.

[0099] Tangents 72 applied to the flanks 70, in particular tangents 72 applied to each of the midpoints 74 of the flanks 70, can enclose an angle 76 of 1° to 170°, in particular of 5° to 120°, and further in particular of 10° to 40°.

[0100] The transition between a recess 52 and a protrusion 54 located adjacent to the recess 52 is continuous. The recess contour 66 and the protrusion contour 68 thus merge directly into one another.

[0101] The radial distance 56 and / or the radial distances 56, 56', 56'' of the outer contour 50 to the longitudinal axis 18 follow, at least section by section along the circumference, the course of a segment of a periodic function, in particular a sine function and / or a cosine function. Projected onto a linear axis, i.e., when unfolded, the outer contour 50 can therefore follow, at least section by section, the course of a periodic function, in particular a sine function and / or a cosine function. The segment of the periodic function can extend, in particular, from 0 to π and / or from π to 2π and / or from -π / 2 to +π / 2 and / or from π / 2 to 3 / 2π.

[0102] A difference between the maximum distance 62 of a protrusion 54 to the longitudinal axis 18 and the minimum distance 60 of a recess 52 to the longitudinal axis 18 can correspond to a factor of 0.005 to 0.6, in particular 0.01 to 0.4, and further in particular 0.05 to 0.3, times the maximum distance 62 and / or the minimum distance 60, compare Fig. 9.

[0103] Independently of this, a difference between the maximum distance 62 of a bulge 54 to the longitudinal axis 18 and the minimum distance 60 of a recess 52 to the longitudinal axis 18 can correspond to a factor of 0.01 to 1, in particular 0.05 to 0.8, and further in particular 0.1 to 0.6, times a diameter 86 of the plumb outlet 46, compare Fig. 9.

[0104] Independently of this, the difference between the maximum distance 62 of a bulge 54 to the longitudinal axis 18 and the minimum distance 60 of a recess 52 to the longitudinal axis 18 can be between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, in particular between 0.2 mm and 3 mm, and further in particular between 0.3 mm and 1.5 mm.

[0105] As the Fig. 9 and Fig. As shown in Figure 10, the indentations have 52 bay bottoms and 80 bay crests, and the bulges have 54 bay tops and 82 bay tops.

[0106] How Fig. Figure 10 shows that the bay bottoms 80 and the bay crests 82 extend along bay lines 84, 84'. The bay lines 84, 84' extend at least largely parallel to the longitudinal axis 18, see Figure 10. Fig. 10. The indentations 52 therefore have the same minimum distance 60 to the longitudinal axis 18. The protrusions 54 therefore have the same maximum distance 62 to the longitudinal axis 18.

[0107] Alternatively or additionally, the bay lines 84, 84' can intersect the longitudinal axis 18 at acute angles, in particular at angles less than 10° (not shown). The indentations 52 can therefore have different minimum distances 60 to the longitudinal axis 18. Furthermore, the protrusions 54 can have different maximum distances 62 to the longitudinal axis 18.

[0108] It is conceivable that the bay lines 84, 84' are circular and / or curved and / or angled and / or angular (not shown). In particular, it is conceivable that the bay lines 84, 84' extend circularly and / or spirally around the longitudinal axis 18 (not shown).

[0109] The design described above increases the length of the outer contour 50, i.e., its circumference, so that the flowing solder can come into contact with the soldering nozzle 10 over a larger area. Consequently, contact forces, such as adhesive forces, between the soldering nozzle 10 and the solder are increased, causing the solder to flow in close proximity to the nozzle. These increased contact forces also help guide solder from the soldering flux towards the soldering nozzle 10. This reduces the risk of solder tails forming when the soldering nozzle 10 moves away from a solder joint due to contact forces between the solder and the joint. Furthermore, the indentations 52 and / or protrusions 54 help direct the solder flow over the outer contour 50. This contributes to a uniform flow of solder over the outer contour 50 of the soldering nozzle 10, at least in certain sections.This further reduces the risk of uneven stress on the soldering nozzle 10 and thus contributes to extending the service life of the soldering nozzle 10. Furthermore, this can help to increase the reproducibility of the soldering wave and / or to stabilize it against process influences and / or fluctuations, particularly with regard to the shape and / or height of the soldering wave.

[0110] Fig. Figure 11 shows a top view of an alternative embodiment of a soldering nozzle 10 according to the invention in a Fig. 3 area designated XI.

[0111] The solder outlet 46 has a solder outlet contour 88, through which solder flows out of and / or away from the solder channel 42 during operation of the soldering nozzle 10. The solder outlet contour 88 has several radially outward extending internal indentations 90 and / or several radially inward extending internal protrusions 92. The solder outlet contour 88 thus has different radial inner distances 94, 94' to the longitudinal axis 18 along its solder outlet circumference, see Figure 1. Fig. 11.

[0112] How Fig. As shown in Figure 12, an internal reference line 96 can be placed centrally between the internal indentations 90 and the internal protrusions 92 in the top view. The internal reference line 96 has a round, in particular a circular, shape.

[0113] The inner indentations 90 can extend radially outwards from the inner reference line 96.

[0114] Alternatively or additionally, the inner bulges 92 can extend radially inwards from the inner reference line 96, see Fig. 12.

[0115] Alternatively, the inner reference line 96 can extend along the inner indentations 90 or along the inner protrusions 92, thus representing a circumcircle or an incircle (not shown).

[0116] The internal indentations 90 can be grooves and / or notches and / or ridges and / or depressions and / or pockets and / or recesses and / or depressions and / or recesses.

[0117] The internal protrusions 92 may be elevations and / or humps and / or bumps and / or protrusions and / or / shoulders and / or noses and / or bulges and / or ribs.

[0118] The inner indentations 90 and the inner protrusions 92 are arranged circumferentially, i.e., distributed along the circumference of the outlet contour and / or the inner reference line. In particular, an inner protrusion 92 is arranged between two inner indentations 90 and an inner indentation 90 is arranged between two inner protrusions 92.

[0119] The indentations 52 and the inner protrusions 92 as well as the protrusions 54 and the inner indentations 90 are each aligned, i.e. in equal angular segments along the circumference around the longitudinal axis 18.

[0120] The features of the soldering nozzles shown 10 ( Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 to Fig. 10 and Fig. 11, Fig.12) can be combined with each other as desired. In particular, a soldering nozzle 10 can have both indentations 52 and / or protrusions 54 as well as inner indentations 90 and / or inner protrusions 92.

[0121] The design described above increases the length of the solder outlet contour 88, i.e., the circumferential length of the solder outlet 46, so that the flowing solder can come into contact with the soldering nozzle 10 over a larger area. Consequently, contact forces, such as adhesive forces, between the soldering nozzle 10 and the solder are increased, thus centering the solder wave. The centering and / or the increased contact forces also help to guide solder from the solder wave towards the soldering nozzle 10. This reduces the risk of solder tails forming when the soldering nozzle 10 moves away from a solder joint due to contact forces between the solder and the joint. Furthermore, the internal indentations 90 and / or internal protrusions 92 contribute to extending the service life of the soldering nozzle 10. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 10 2020 118 399 A1

[0004] DE 10 2024 100 061 A1

[0004]

Claims

[1] Soldering nozzle (10) with a base body (12) extending between a nozzle base (14) and a nozzle outlet (16) along a longitudinal axis (18), with a plumb channel (42) extending within the base body (12) between a plumb inlet (44) and a plumb outlet (46), wherein the base body (12) has a solder guide section (48) extending from the nozzle outlet (16) towards the nozzle base (14) with an outer contour (50) over which solder flowing out of the solder outlet (46) flows during operation of the soldering nozzle, characterized by , that the outer contour (50) has several radially inward extending indentations (52) and / or several radially outward extending protrusions (54), so that the outer contour (50) has different distances (56, 56', 56'') to the longitudinal axis (18) along its circumference. [2] Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 1, characterized by, that the indentations (52) have at least largely the same and / or different minimum distances (60, 60', 60'') to the longitudinal axis (18), and / or that the protrusions (54) have at least largely the same and / or different maximum distances (62, 62') to the longitudinal axis (18). [3] Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the indentations (52) and / or the protrusions (54) are at least largely corresponding to each other and / or different from each other. [4] Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the outer contour (50) is formed by the indentations (52) and the protrusions (54). [5] Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that a reference line (58) placed centrally between the indentations (52) and the protrusions (54) in plan view and / or in cross-section has a largely round, in particular largely circular, or a largely angular, in particular largely rectangular, shape. [6] Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the indentations (52) and / or protrusions (54) are arranged symmetrically around the circumference and / or evenly distributed along the circumference. [7] Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the indentations (52) and / or bulges (54) extend over an angle of 30° to 360°, in particular from 60° to 360°, and further in particular from 160° to 270°, around the longitudinal axis (18). [8] Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that at least one of the indentations (52) has an indentation contour (66) and / or at least one of the bulges (54) has a bulge contour (68), wherein the indentation contour (66) and / or the bulge contour (68) is at least partially straight. [9] Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that at least one of the indentations (52) has an indentation contour (66) and / or at least one of the bulges (54) has a bulge contour (68), wherein the indentation contour (66) and / or the bulge contour (68) is arc-shaped. [10] Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized by, that the indentation contour (66) and / or the bulge contour (68), in particular in the transition area between bulge contour (68) and indentation contour (66), has flanks (70), wherein tangents (72) applied to the flanks (70), in particular tangents (72) applied to each flank midpoint (74) of the flanks (70), enclose an angle (76) of 1° to 170°, in particular of 5° to 120°, and further in particular of 10° to 40°. [11] Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that a transition between at least one indentation (52) and at least one protrusion (54) arranged adjacent to the indentation (52) is rounded and / or continuous and / or angular and / or angular and / or discontinuous. [12] Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that a distance (56) of the outer contour (50) to the longitudinal axis (18) at least section by section along the circumference follows at least partially the course of a section of a periodic function, in particular a sine function and / or a cosine function. [13] Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that a difference between the maximum distance (62) of a derecognition (54) and the minimum distance (60) of an indentation (52) corresponds to a factor of 0.005 to 0.6, in particular 0.01 to 0.4, further in particular 0.05 to 0.3, times the maximum distance (62) and / or the minimum distance (60). [14] Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the indentations (52) have bay bottoms (80) and / or the bulges (54) have bay crests (82), wherein the bay bottoms (80) and / or the bay crests (82) extend at least largely along bay lines (84, 84'), wherein the bay lines (84, 84') extend at least largely parallel to the longitudinal axis (18), and / or, wherein the bay lines (84, 84') intersect the longitudinal axis (18) at acute angles, in particular at angles less than 10°. [15] Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the base body (12) has an outlet area (54) extending from the nozzle outlet (16) towards the nozzle base (14) with an outlet cross-section (88) that is at least largely constant, that the base body (12) has a base area (20) extending from the nozzle base (14) towards the nozzle outlet (16) with a base cross-section (22) that is at least largely constant, and that the base body (12) has a base area (32) between the base area (20) and the outlet area (54) with a base cross-section (34) that tapers at least partially and / or sectionally along the longitudinal axis (18), and that the plumb guide section (48) extends in the outlet area (54) and in particular also in the base area (32). [16] Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 15, characterized by, that at least one transition area (38) is arranged between the base area (32) and the outlet area (54), the diameter (40) of which is smaller than an outlet diameter (30) of the outlet cross-section (28) and / or a base diameter (36) of the base cross-section (34) and / or a socket diameter (24) of the socket cross-section (22). [17] Soldering nozzle (10) with a base body (12) extending between a nozzle base (14) and a nozzle outlet (16) along a longitudinal axis (18) and with a solder channel (42) extending within the base body (12) between a solder inlet (44) and a solder outlet (46), wherein the solder outlet (46) has a solder outlet contour (88) through which, during operation of the soldering nozzle (10), solder flows out of and / or away from the solder channel (42), characterized by, that the plumb outlet (46) has several radially outward extending internal indentations (90) and / or several radially inward extending internal protrusions (92), such that the plumb outlet contour (88) has different radial inward distances (94, 94') to the longitudinal axis (18) along its plumb outlet circumference. [18] Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 17, wherein it is a soldering nozzle (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

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