DEVICE FOR TRANSPORTING CONTAINERS AND ASSOCIATED METHOD

Description

Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to a device for transporting containers and a method for operating a device for transporting containers. Technical background

[0002] In container handling plants for the manufacture, cleaning, filling, sealing, etc. of containers, containers can be held and transported through the plant using gripper or clamping devices.

[0003] Traditionally, multifunctional clamping systems in the form of star-shaped clamps for container transport in container handling systems are mechanically actuated. This actuation is achieved, for example, by means of rollers controlled by a cam. Cam actuation is also possible. Furthermore, spring elements are conventionally required to generate the holding force for securing the container. These can, for example, be integrated into the clamping devices themselves or implemented as separate springs.

[0004] Disadvantages of conventional technology include the extreme wear and tear on mechanical components mounted on a rotating axis (rotary rotor). This wear stems from the actuation mechanism of the respective variant. Furthermore, the holding force generated by the predefined spring element is fixed and cannot be varied without replacing components. Any adjustments require a complex retooling process. Conventional solutions also cannot grip containers of varying diameters. Contoured, bulbous, conical, etc., containers can only be gripped with considerable effort, or not at all, by multi-grip handles in non-cylindrical applications. Consequently, contoured bottles are gripped very low, or deliberate misgrips are accepted, which has a significant impact on product quality and process reliability.

[0005] EP 1 195 336 A1, which discloses the features of the preamble of claim 1, relates to a device for indexing glassware by means of a series of angularly spaced stations comprising a first and a second arrangement of glassware gripping fingers mounted on associated carriers that are rotatable both collectively and relative to each other about a common axis. Each carrier is connected to an associated servomotor, which in turn is connected to a control unit to rotate the carriers relative to each other in order to grip and release glassware between the fingers, and to rotate the carriers collectively in order to advance the glassware between the device stations. The torque exerted on the carrier is monitored by monitoring the current exerted on the motor.

[0006] DE 10 2014 005 321 A1 discloses a transport device for transporting and handling containers, wherein the containers are transported by the transport device in one transport direction from an input point to an output point. The transport device has at least one handling device moving in the transport direction for handling one or more of the containers. The transport device has at least one motor by means of which the at least one handling device can be moved motor-driven in a direction deviating from the transport direction.

[0007] The invention is based on the objective of creating an improved technology for transporting containers, which preferably enables simple monitoring of the transport. Summary of the invention

[0008] The problem is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous further developments are specified in the dependent claims and the description.

[0009] One aspect of the present invention relates to a device, according to claim 1, for transporting containers for a container handling system. The device comprises a container holder, preferably a pair of clamping arms, for holding a container. The device further comprises an electric drive unit (e.g., an actuator) that is operatively connected to the container holder for actuating (e.g., opening and / or closing) the container holder. The device further comprises a processing unit configured to monitor an electrical operating parameter, preferably a current consumption and / or electrical power, of the electric drive unit. The processing unit is further configured to determine (at least) one state of the container holder as a function of the monitored electrical operating parameter of the electric drive unit.

[0010] The device advantageously allows for the indirect determination of the container holder's condition by monitoring its electrical operating parameters, without requiring external or additional sensors for direct monitoring. This can be used, for example, to detect the presence of a container in the holder or for condition monitoring. This can ultimately reduce unplanned machine downtime, thereby increasing plant performance and availability. Furthermore, the electric drive unit enables very high switching speeds, resulting in higher plant performance. The electric drive unit allows the container holder to be opened and closed at any point or at any time, optimizing container transfer.There is no longer any need to compromise on the control elements due to initial setup. Each container can be optimally adjusted to its radially best transfer point, depending on the container format. Special container transport functions, such as targeted container discharge and distribution to different connection stations, can also be implemented very easily. The holding force with which the container is held can be easily varied. For example, a freely selectable value for the holding force can be set depending on the weight, size, and diameter. This can result in gentle container handling and reduced machine wear. The electric drive unit can also lead to lower operating costs. For example, compared to a pneumatic solution for actuating the container holder, resource consumption can be reduced because no (expensive) compressed air is required.Compared to a purely mechanical solution, this can result in a reduction in wear.

[0011] Preferably, the term "processing unit" refers to a control system (for example, with a driver circuit or microprocessor and data storage). Depending on its design, the "processing unit" can perform control tasks, regulation tasks, and / or processing tasks. Although the term "control" is used here, it can also appropriately encompass or refer to "regulation," "control with feedback," and / or "processing."

[0012] In one embodiment, the processing device is configured to monitor the electrical operating parameter of the electric drive unit during actuation of the container holder by means of the electric drive unit and to determine the state of the container holder as a function of the electrical operating parameter of the electric drive unit monitored during actuation. Advantageously, the electrical operating parameter can, for example, assume a particularly characteristic value or a particularly characteristic curve during actuation of the container holder, from which the state of the container holder can be inferred.

[0013] According to the invention, and alternatively or additionally, the determined condition is a state of wear and / or a defect in the container holder. Advantageously, the monitored operating parameter can thus be used for so-called condition monitoring. In this way, for example, a defect or wear in the container holder can be detected and a corresponding response can be taken. For instance, in the event of a defect, the device can be stopped to prevent or at least reduce consequential damage. An immediate emergency stop may be possible in the event of a clamp breakage. Furthermore, monitoring the electrical operating parameter can react more flexibly and faster than monitoring a drive unit of the entire conveyor. For example, wear of bushings and clamps can also be detected via deviations in control values. Clamp breakages and damaged bottles can thus be identified.A maintenance concept or maintenance instructions for the clamping units can be created using different values.

[0014] In another embodiment, the determined state indicates whether the container holder is holding the container or has taken over the container. . According to the invention, and alternatively or additionally, the determined state indicates whether the container holder has completed a free stroke without engaging the container during actuation. Advantageously, this allows the system to detect whether a container is in the container holder or not. In particular, no additional sensors for container detection are required for this purpose. The processing unit can detect the container, for example, via the applied force or current draw.

[0015] In one embodiment, the processing device is further configured to determine a feature, preferably a dimension (e.g. container diameter or container width) and / or a weight of the container as a function of the monitored electrical operating parameter of the electrical drive unit.

[0016] In a further embodiment, the device also includes an output device (for example, optical, acoustic, and / or haptic) for transmitting information to a user. The processing unit can also be configured to control the output device to transmit information indicating the detected state (and optionally the detected characteristic of the container).

[0017] In another embodiment, the processing device is further configured to operate the electric drive unit depending on the determined state and (optionally the determined characteristic of the container).

[0018] In one embodiment, a holding force, an opening time, a closing time and / or an adjustment path of the container holder can be variably adjusted by means of the electric drive unit, preferably automatically by means of the processing device depending on the monitored electrical operating parameter.

[0019] In another embodiment, the processing unit is configured to operate the electric drive unit in different modes. Preferably, the different modes can differ at least partially with regard to holding force, opening time, closing time, and / or adjustment range of the container holder. Alternatively or additionally, the different modes are configured to hold different containers, which differ in terms of container weight, size, shape, diameter, and / or material. Advantageously, the different modes can replace the conventionally necessary, time-consuming changeovers, etc., thus enabling increased performance overall and promoting flexible operation.The different modes can be advantageous, for example, enabling predefined functions of container transport, such as transporting different containers, targeted diversion of certain containers and / or distributing the containers to different connection stations.

[0020] In a further embodiment, the device also includes an additional container holder, preferably another pair of clamping arms, wherein the container holder and the additional container holder are arranged one above the other for simultaneously holding the container (e.g., in a double-decker configuration). Optionally, the device can include an additional electric drive unit (e.g., an actuator) that is operatively connected to the additional container holder for actuating (e.g., opening and / or closing). Alternatively, the additional container holder can be actuated, for example, by means of the electric drive unit.Preferably, the processing device can further be configured to monitor an electrical operating parameter, preferably a current consumption and / or an electrical power, of the additional electrical drive unit, preferably during actuation of the additional container holder, and to determine the state of the additional container holder as a function of the monitored electrical operating parameter of the additional electrical drive unit. Advantageously, contoured containers (contoured containers) can also be securely gripped and held using two independently driven container holders.

[0021] In one embodiment, the processing device is further configured to determine the condition of the container holder and / or the condition of the other container holder as a function of a comparison between the monitored electrical operating parameter of the electric drive unit and the monitored electrical operating parameter of the other electric drive unit.

[0022] In another embodiment, the device is designed as a conveyor (e.g., rotary or linear), preferably a rotatable clamping star, preferably with a slip ring transmitter that is electrically connected to the electric drive unit. The processing device can be configured to stop the conveyor (e.g., immediately) if the detected condition of the container holder indicates a defect in the container holder or an impending defect (e.g., due to the detected wear condition).

[0023] In a further embodiment, the processing device is also configured to operate the conveyor depending on the determined state of the container holder, and / or to operate the electric drive unit depending on a, preferably current, conveyor output, preferably to adjust a holding force, an opening time, a closing time, and / or an adjustment path of the container holder depending on the conveyor output. Advantageously, this allows, for example, the optimization of container transfer and holding depending on the container format. In general, fully flexible operation of the container holder can be enabled.

[0024] Preferably, the container treatment plant can be designed for the manufacture, cleaning, testing, filling, closing, labeling, printing and / or packaging of containers for liquid media, preferably beverages or liquid foodstuffs.

[0025] For example, the containers can be designed as bottles, cans, canisters, boxes, vials, etc.

[0026] Preferably, the electric drive unit and the other electric drive unit can be operated independently of each other. This advantageously allows for independent movement of the container supports, which can be used, for example, for the safe and low-wear transport of contoured containers.

[0027] Preferably, the functional connection between the electric drive unit and the container holder, the functional connection between the further electric drive unit and the further container holder, the electric drive unit and / or the further electric drive unit are designed without an elastic spring element. This advantageously allows for a structurally simple and hygienic design of the device, as it eliminates the need for spring elements.

[0028] Preferably, the device further comprises a support, preferably substantially block-shaped and / or elongated (e.g., a clamp support), which movably, preferably slidably or pivotably, carries the container holder and / or the further container holder, particularly preferably at opposite end regions of the support (for example, at an upper end region and at a lower end region of the support). Preferably, the support can be oriented vertically.

[0029] Particularly preferably, the electric drive unit and / or the additional electric drive unit is supported by the carrier, preferably on a rear side of the carrier that faces away from a front side of the carrier that faces the container held by the container support and / or the additional container support. Advantageously, the electric drive unit and / or the additional electric drive unit can be arranged on the rear side of the carrier in such a way that it is protected from container fragments in the event of a container breakage by the carrier.

[0030] Preferably, the container holder and the further container holder are independently movable, preferably slidable or pivotable (e.g. coaxially).

[0031] Preferably, the container holder and the further container holder are identical in construction and / or essentially mirror-symmetrical with respect to a horizontal plane.

[0032] For example, the electric drive unit and the other electric drive unit can be arranged one above the other, be identical in construction, be essentially mirror-symmetrical with respect to a horizontal plane and / or be supported by a carrier of the device.

[0033] Preferably, the electric drive unit and / or the further electric drive unit can have a movable output element.

[0034] Particularly preferably, a linear feed and retract movement of the output element of the electric drive unit can be converted into a pivoting movement of the container holder by means of a toggle joint. Alternatively or additionally, a linear feed and retract movement of the output element of the second electric drive unit can be converted into a pivoting movement of the second container holder by means of a toggle joint.

[0035] It is possible that an output element of the electric drive unit and / or a transmission element connected to the output element extends slidably through a support of the device. Alternatively or additionally, an output element of the other electric drive unit and / or a transmission element connected to the output element can extend slidably through a support of the device.

[0036] Preferably, the container holder, designed as a pair of clamp arms, has two clamp arms, preferably coupled to each other, for attaching to the container. These clamp arms are preferably movable in opposite directions to each other, and more preferably pivotable or displaceable. Alternatively or additionally, the further container holder, also designed as a further pair of clamp arms, has two further clamp arms, preferably coupled to each other, for attaching to the container. These clamp arms are preferably movable in opposite directions to each other (and, for example, independently of the two clamp arms), and more preferably pivotable or displaceable (e.g., pivotable coaxially with the two clamp arms).

[0037] Preferably, the device further comprises two pivot arms arranged in a V-shape, which are movable back and forth in response to a mechanical input via the electric drive unit and / or pivotably mounted on each of the clamp arms of the clamp pair. Alternatively or additionally, the device further comprises two more pivot arms arranged in a V-shape, which are movable back and forth in response to a mechanical input via the further electric drive unit and / or pivotably mounted on each of the clamp arms of the further clamp pair.

[0038] Preferably, the swivel arms, preferably coaxial, are pivotably mounted on a slidable transmission element, which is slidably mounted in a support of the device, is rod-shaped, and / or is slidable by the electric drive unit. Alternatively or additionally, the two further swivel arms, preferably coaxial, are pivotably mounted on a further slidable transmission element, which is slidably mounted in a support of the device, is rod-shaped, and / or is slidable by the further electric drive unit.

[0039] Preferably, an output element of the electric drive unit can be connected to the transmission element (e.g., directly), for example, by being attached to each other or integrally formed as a single piece. Alternatively or additionally, an output element of the other electric drive unit can be connected to the other transmission element (e.g., directly), for example, by being attached to each other or integrally formed as a single piece.

[0040] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method, according to claim 12, for operating a device (e.g., as disclosed herein) for transporting containers for a container handling plant. The method comprises actuating a container holder, preferably a pair of clamping arms, by means of an electric drive unit to hold a container. The method further comprises monitoring an electrical operating parameter, preferably a

[0041] The method involves determining the current consumption and / or electrical power of the electric drive unit, preferably during operation, by means of a processing device. The method further comprises determining (at least) one state of the container holder as a function of monitoring the electrical operating parameter of the electric drive unit by means of the processing device. Advantageously, the method can achieve the same advantages that have already been described with reference to the device.

[0042] In a further embodiment, the method also includes outputting the determined state via an output device. Alternatively or additionally, the method also includes stopping (e.g., emergency stopping) the device if the determined state indicates a defect in the container holder or a wear condition of the container holder requiring maintenance, by means of the processing device. Alternatively or additionally, the method also includes operating the device depending on the determined state by means of the processing device. Alternatively or additionally, the method also includes adjusting a holding force, an opening time, a closing time, and / or an adjustment travel of the container holder by means of the processing device depending on the monitored electrical operating parameter and / or depending on the power output of the device designed as a conveyor.Alternatively or additionally, the method also includes determining a characteristic, preferably a dimension (e.g. container diameter or container width) and / or a weight, of the container depending on monitoring the electrical operating parameter of the electrical drive unit by means of the processing device.

[0043] According to the invention, the determined condition is a state of wear and / or a defect of the container holder. Alternatively or additionally, the determined condition can indicate whether the container holder is holding or has taken over the container. Alternatively or additionally, the determined condition indicates whether the container holder, when actuated, performed a free movement (e.g., a free gripping movement) without taking over a container.

[0044] The previously described preferred embodiments and features of the invention can be combined with one another in any way. Brief description of the characters

[0045] Further details and advantages of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 is a sectional view through the exemplary device of Figure 1 Figure 3 shows a top view of the exemplary device of Figure 1 Figure 4 is a perspective view of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 5 is a sectional view through the exemplary device of Figure 4 ; and Figure 6, a bottom view of the exemplary device of Figure 4 .

[0046] The embodiments shown in the figures are at least partially identical, so that similar or identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals and, to avoid repetition, reference is also made to the description of the other embodiments or figures for their explanation. Detailed description of exemplary embodiments

[0047] The Figures 1 to 3 Figure 10 shows a device 10 for transporting containers 12 in different views. The device 10 can transport a container 12 (only in Figure 2 (schematically represented) hold or grasp. The container 12 can have a container body with different external circumferences along its length or height. For example, the container 12 can be designed as a so-called contour container. It is also possible that the container body of the container 12 has a different shape, e.g., a cylindrical shape.

[0048] The device 10 has a container holder 14 for holding the container 12. The device 10 also has an electric drive unit 20 and a processing unit 37. Optionally, the device 10 may also have a further container holder 16, a further electric drive unit 22 and / or a support 18.

[0049] For example, the device 10 is designed as a clamping device, with the container holder 14 preferably being designed as a pair of clamping arms. However, it is possible for the container holder 14 to have a different design, as long as it can hold and / or release the container 12 by means of actuation by the electric drive unit 20.

[0050] The device 10 is particularly preferably configured as a double clamping device or a double-deck clamping device. In the double clamping device, both container supports 14 and 16 can each be configured as a pair of clamping arms. However, it is also possible that the device 10 has additional pairs of clamping arms (not shown) or, for example, only one pair of clamping arms or a differently designed container support 14.

[0051] Although the exemplary embodiment with the two container holders 14 and 16 is explained in detail below, it should be noted that the descriptions regarding container holder 14 can also apply to embodiments in which the additional container holder 16 is not included. The same applies to embodiments in which only the electric drive unit 20, but not the additional electric drive unit 22, is present.

[0052] The container holder 14 can have two clamping arms 24, 26. The further container holder 16 can have two further clamping arms 28, 30. The clamping arms 24 and 26 (or 28 and 30) can be designed separately, as shown in the Figures 1 and 2 The diagram shows that the clamping arms 24 and 26 (or 28 and 30) are integrally formed as a single piece. It is also possible that further clamping arms are included.

[0053] Preferably, the further container support 16 can be essentially identical in construction and / or function to the container support 14. Preferably, the container support 14 and the further container support 16 are essentially mirror-symmetrical with respect to a central longitudinal plane of the device 10 or with respect to a horizontal plane (in the assembled state). The central longitudinal plane divides the device 10 at mid-height and can, for example, run parallel to longitudinal axes or alignment planes of the container supports 14 and 16.

[0054] The container support 14 can be pivotally mounted, as shown. The further container support 16 can also be pivotally mounted. The pivoting mounting is preferably arranged at one end of the container support 14 or 16, opposite the container 12 or the free ends of the container support 14 or 16, respectively. The container supports 14 and 16 can preferably be pivotally mounted coaxially with each other or pivotally mounted about a common pivot axis. However, it is also possible for the container support 14 and / or 16 to be slidably mounted.

[0055] Specifically, the clamping arms 24, 26 can preferably be movable in opposite directions relative to each other, preferably pivotable (as shown) or displaceable. The further clamping arms 28, 30 can be movable in opposite directions relative to each other, preferably pivotable (as shown) or displaceable. To hold the container 12, the clamping arms 24, 26 can be moved relative to each other (e.g., pivoted or displaced) until they come into contact with the container 12. The further clamping arms 28, 30 can be moved relative to each other (e.g., pivoted or displaced) until they come into contact with the container 12. To release the container 12, the clamping arms 24, 26 can be moved away from each other (e.g., pivoted or displaced). The further clamping arms 28, 30 can be moved away from each other (e.g., pivoted or displaced).

[0056] The container holders 14 and 16 can be arranged one above the other to hold the same container 12 simultaneously. The container holders 14 and 16 can, for example, be arranged vertically offset from each other with respect to a vertical axis of the container 12 or the device 10. For example, the container holder 14 can be arranged above the other container holder 16, as shown in the Figures 1 to 3 is shown, or vice versa.

[0057] The container support 14 can hold the container 12 at a first outer circumferential section or shell section. The further container support 16 can hold the container 12 at a second outer circumferential section or shell section. The first and second outer circumferential sections are preferably each circumferential or self-contained. The outer circumferential sections are arranged offset from each other with respect to a vertical axis of the container 12. For example, the first outer circumferential section is arranged above the second outer circumferential section, or vice versa.

[0058] It is possible that the first and second outer circumferential sections differ in shape and / or size or length. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the shape of the first and second outer circumferential sections is the same, namely circular with respect to a container cross-section or frustoconical with respect to the container's vertical axis. The first and second outer circumferential sections differ in size. The first outer circumferential section has a smaller circumference and a smaller diameter than the second outer circumferential section.

[0059] The container 12 can be held at the front sections of the container holder 14 and, optionally, at the sections facing the container 12. Specifically, the container 12 can be held between the free ends of the clamping arms 24, 26 and, optionally, between the free ends of the additional clamping arms 28, 30. The clamping arms 24, 26, and, optionally, the additional clamping arms 28, 30, can grip the container 12 at their free ends. The clamping arms 24, 26, and, optionally, the additional clamping arms 28, 30, can clamp the container 12 between their free ends, applying a holding force. The holding force of the container holder 14 can be generated by the electric drive unit 20. The holding force of the additional container holder 16 can be generated by the additional electric drive unit 22 or by the electric drive unit 20.

[0060] The two container supports 14, 16 can be moved independently or decoupled from each other, preferably pivoting or sliding. Container support 14 can be moved (e.g., pivoted or moved) without the other container support 16 moving with it, and vice versa. A pivoting or sliding movement of container support 14 against container 12, for example, cannot affect a pivoting or sliding movement of the other container support 16 against container 12, and vice versa. The pivoting or sliding movement of the other container support 16 can, for example, continue while container support 14 is already in contact with container 12, and vice versa (e.g., depending on the shape and / or size of the outer circumference sections of the container). For example,The container holders 14, 16, preferably each under the action of one of the electric drive units 20 and 22, can simultaneously begin and / or sequentially end the positioning movement (e.g., each at the time of positioning against the container 12). During the positioning pivoting movement, the respective clamping arms 24, 26 and 28, 30 can pivot towards each other, whereas during the positioning sliding movement, the respective clamping arms 24, 26 and 28, 30 can be moved relative to each other.

[0061] A release movement (e.g., release pivoting movement or release sliding movement) of the further container holder 16 away from the container 12 preferably does not influence a release pivoting movement of the container holder 14 away from the container 12, and vice versa. The release movement of the container holder 14 can, for example, begin before the release movement of the further container holder 16 begins, and vice versa (e.g., depending on the shape and / or size of the outer circumferential sections of the container 12). For example, the container holders 14 and 16 can, preferably by actuating the container holders 14 and 16 by means of the electric drive units 20 and 22, simultaneously terminate the release movement. During the release pivoting movement, the respective clamping arms 24, 26 and 28, 30 can pivot away from each other, whereas during the release sliding movement, the respective clamping arms 24, 26 and 28, 30 can be moved away from each other.

[0062] The container supports 14, 16 can each have a longitudinal axis. The longitudinal axes can be substantially parallel to each other. The longitudinal axes can be substantially perpendicular to a vertical axis of the device 10 or the container 12. In the assembled state, the longitudinal axes can be substantially parallel to a horizontal plane.

[0063] The container holder 14 can be movably mounted on the support 18, preferably pivotally or slidably. The further container holder 16 can also be movably mounted on the support 18, preferably pivotally or slidably. Preferably, the support 18 is designed as a clamp support.

[0064] The container supports 14, 16 can be mounted on opposite sides of the support 18. The support 18 can be arranged between the container supports 14, 16, preferably with respect to a vertical axis of the device 10. The support 18 can support the container support 14 and optionally the further container support 16. The support 18 is preferably block-shaped. The support 18 preferably extends longitudinally parallel to the vertical axis of the container 12 or the device 10.

[0065] The container holder 14 can, for example, be pivotally mounted on the support 18 by means of a pivot pin 32, preferably an elongated one. Specifically, the clamp arms 24, 26 can each have a through-hole, e.g., at one end of the clamp arm 24, 26 opposite its free end. The pivot pin 32 can extend through the through-holes. It is possible for a sliding bushing to be arranged between the pivot pin 32 and the through-holes.

[0066] The pivot pin 32 can extend coaxially to a pivot axis of the container support 14 or the clamping arms 24, 26. The pivot pin 32 can extend parallel to a vertical axis of the device 10 or the container 12. For example, the pivot pin 32 can be arranged on a top surface of the support 18.

[0067] The optional additional container holder 16 can also be pivotally mounted on the support 18 by means of a pivot pin 34, preferably an elongated one. Specifically, the additional clamp arms 28, 30 can each have a through-hole, e.g., at one end of the respective clamp arm 28, 30 opposite its free end. The pivot pin 34 can extend through the through-holes. It is possible for a sliding bushing to be arranged between the pivot pin 34 and the through-holes.

[0068] The pivot pin 32 can extend coaxially to a pivot axis of the further container support 16 or the clamping arms 28, 30. The pivot pin 34 can extend parallel to a vertical axis of the device 10 or the container 12. For example, the pivot pin 34 can be arranged on a bottom side of the support 18.

[0069] The pivot pins 32, 34 can be arranged on opposite sides of the support 18.

[0070] The clamping arms 24, 26 can be mounted one above the other on the pivot pin 32. The further clamping arms 28, 30 can be mounted one above the other on the pivot pin 34. The clamping arms 24, 26 can be axially secured on the pivot pin 32. The further clamping arms 28, 30 can be axially secured on the pivot pin 34. The respective axial securing can be achieved, for example, by means of a screw head that is screwed into a (e.g., central) hole in the pivot pin 32 or 34, preferably coaxial with the pivot axis of the container supports 14 or 16.

[0071] Adjacent to the pivotable bearing for the support 18, the container bracket 14 and, if applicable, the further container bracket 16 can be reinforced. Specifically, the material thickness of the clamping arms 24, 26 or 28, 30 adjacent to the pivotable bearing can be increased. The clamping arms 24, 26 or 28, 30 can, for example, have reinforcing ribs 36 adjacent to the pivotable bearing. The reinforcing ribs 36 can, for example, be designed as wall elements on a top and / or a bottom surface of the clamping arms 24, 26 or 28, 30. The wall elements can be ring-shaped or circumferential structures. The reinforcing ribs 36 can be arranged in the section of the clamping arms 24, 26 or 28, 30 that is opposite the free ends of the clamping arms 24, 26 or 28, 30. The reinforcing ribs 36 can taper towards the free ends of the clamp arms 24, 26 and 28, 30 respectively.

[0072] It is possible that the clamping arms 24 and 26, and optionally 28 and 30, have mutually facing stops, for example, in their central sections (with respect to their respective longitudinal axes). At these stops, the clamping arms 24 and 26, and optionally 28 and 30, can abut each other in the closed position when they are not holding a container 12.

[0073] The container holders 14 and, if applicable, 16 can be moved or actuated by the electric drive unit 20 and, if applicable, 22. The electric drive units 20 and 22 can drive the movement of the container holders 14 and 16.

[0074] Specifically, the electric drive unit 20 is used to actuate, e.g., open and / or close, the container holder 14 in operative connection with the container holder 14. The additional electric drive unit 22 can be used to actuate, e.g., open and / or close, the additional container holder 16 in operative connection with the additional container holder 16. However, it is also possible that both container holders 14 and 16 are actuated by the electric drive unit 20 and the additional electric drive unit 22 is not present. As already mentioned, it is also possible that the additional container holder 16 is not present, in which case the additional electric drive unit 22 would also be absent.

[0075] Preferably, the container holder 14 can be pivoted by the electric drive unit 20. The further container holder 16 can be pivoted by the further electric drive unit 22. Particularly preferably, the container holder 14 or 16 can be driven such that it pivots to close, in order to hold or engage the container 12, and pivots to open, in order to release the held container 12. As mentioned, however, it is also possible that the container holder 14 and, if applicable, 16 are displaceable instead of pivotable. Accordingly, the electric drive units 20, 22 can then drive the container holders 14, 16 such that they are displaced.

[0076] The electric drive unit 20 can have an output element 20.1. The further electric drive unit 22 can have a further output element 22.1. The output element 20.1 can move the container holder 14. The further output element 22.1 can move the further container holder 16. Preferably, the output elements 20.1 and 22.1 are linearly movable or displaceable.

[0077] The electrical drive unit 20 and, if applicable, 22 can be designed, for example, as an electric, electromagnetic, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (e.g., linear) drive unit. A push rod can be mounted in the linear drive unit so as to be movable back and forth. The push rod can be the output element 20.1 or 22.1 of the respective drive unit 20 or 22. An electrical current supplied to the respective electrical drive unit 20, 22 can move the push rod in a first direction, for example, to extend it, and / or move it in a second direction opposite to the first, for example, to retract it.

[0078] The electric drive unit 20 and optionally 22 can preferably have a maximum limited stroke for the output element 20.1 or 22.1, for example to make a maximum possible container diameter accessible.

[0079] The electric drive units 20, 22 can preferably be controlled independently of each other.

[0080] It is possible, for example, that the holding force, opening time, closing time, and / or adjustment range of the container holder 14 can be variably adjusted by means of the electric drive unit 20 and, if applicable, of the further container holder 16 by means of the further electric drive unit 22. The variable adjustment can preferably be carried out during operation and / or, for example, require no retooling.

[0081] To operate the electric drive unit 20 and, if applicable, 22, the processing unit 37 (shown only schematically in the Figures 1 and 2 (as depicted) includes.

[0082] The processing unit 37 can be electrically connected to the electric drive unit 20 and optionally 22 for the purpose of operating the electric drive unit 20 and optionally 22. It is particularly preferred that the electrical connection between the processing unit 37 and the electric drive unit 20 be implemented separately or independently from the electrical connection between the processing unit 37 and the further electric drive unit 22.

[0083] The processing unit 37 is preferably connected to operate several drive units 20, 22 of several devices 10 of a transport device, e.g. a clamping star.

[0084] The processing unit 37 can operate the electric drive unit 20 and / or the further electric drive unit 22, preferably in different modes. Switching between modes is possible during operation or during a break in operation. Switching between modes is possible without requiring any reconfiguration of the device 10 or the transport device comprising the device 10.

[0085] The different modes may differ, for example, in that a holding force of the container holder 14 and optionally 16 caused by the electric drive unit 20 and optionally 22, a closing time of the container holder 14 and optionally 16 caused by the electric drive unit 20 and optionally 22, an opening time of the container holder 14 and optionally 16 caused by the electric drive unit 20 and optionally 22 and / or an adjustment path of the container holder 14 and optionally 16 caused by the electric drive unit 20 and optionally 22 is at least partially different in the different modes.

[0086] The different modes can be configured and used, for example, to hold different containers 12. For instance, the different modes can enable the device 10 to safely pick up, hold, and release containers 12 with varying weights, sizes, shapes, diameters, and / or materials. It is also possible to use the different modes for different driving or operating procedures of the system or the transport device that includes the device 10.

[0087] The electric drive units 20, 22 are preferably identical in construction and / or function. Preferably, the electric drive unit 20 and the further electric drive unit 22 are essentially mirror-symmetrical with respect to the central longitudinal plane of the device 10 or with respect to a horizontal plane (in the assembled state).

[0088] The electric drive units 20, 22 can be arranged one above the other. The electric drive unit 20 and optionally 22 can be supported on the carrier 18. Preferably, the electric drive unit 20 and optionally 22 is protected and arranged on a rear side of the carrier 18 that faces away from the container 12.

[0089] It is possible that the electric drive unit 20 and, if applicable, 22 is directly connected to, or operatively connected to, the container support 14 and, if applicable, 16. Alternatively, the electric drive unit 20 and, if applicable, 22 can be connected to, or operatively connected to, the container support 14 and, if applicable, 16, for example, by means of a connecting device 38 and, if applicable, 39. The connecting device 38 can drive the electric drive unit 20 to the container support 14. The additional connecting device 39 can drive the electric drive unit 20 or the additional electric drive unit 22 (as shown) to the additional container support 16.

[0090] The connecting elements 38, 39 can be arranged between the container support 14 and the further container support 16, preferably with respect to a vertical axis of the device 10. Specifically, the further connecting element 39 can be arranged at least partially on a top surface of the further container support 16. The connecting element 38 can be arranged at least partially on a bottom surface of the container support 14. The respective longitudinal direction of the connecting elements 38, 39 can extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axes of the container supports 14, 16.

[0091] The connecting device 38 and optionally 39 can be supported by the carrier 18. The connecting device 38 and optionally 39 can extend at least partially through the carrier 18, preferably in a through-hole extending from a rear side or a side of the carrier 18 facing away from the container 12 to a front side or a side of the carrier 18 facing the container 12.

[0092] The connecting devices 38, 39 can preferably be decoupled from each other so that they can move independently. The connecting device 38 can move without the other connecting device 39 moving, and vice versa.

[0093] The connecting device 38 can be connected to the clamp arms 24, 26 in a section between the free ends and the (e.g., pivot) bearing of the clamp arms 24, 26, preferably in central sections of the clamp arms 24, 26 with respect to their respective longitudinal axes. The further connecting device 39 can be connected to the further clamp arms 28, 30 in a section between the free ends and the (e.g., pivot) bearing of the further clamp arms 28, 30, preferably in central sections of the further clamp arms 28, 30 with respect to their respective longitudinal axes.

[0094] The connecting device 38 preferably comprises a transmission element 40, a coupling element 42, and two swivel arms 44, 46. It is possible that the components 40, 42, 44, 46 are at least partially integrated. The further connecting device 39 can be constructed and function like the connecting device 38, comprising a transmission element 50, a coupling element 52, and two swivel arms 54, 56. The following detailed descriptions of the connecting device 38 can therefore apply, mutatis mutandis, to the further connecting device 39.

[0095] The transmission element 40 can be slidably mounted in the support 18, preferably in a sliding bushing. The transmission element 40 can be elongated, preferably rod-shaped. The transmission element 40 can be displaced from the output element 20.1, preferably parallel to the longitudinal axis of the container support 14. The transmission element 40 can preferably be attached to the output element 20.1 at one end. The transmission element 40 can carry the coupling element 42, preferably at an end opposite the output element 20.1.

[0096] The coupling element 42 can be attached to the transmission element 40, preferably at its end face. For example, the coupling element 42 can be attached to the transmission element 40 by means of a screw. If the transmission element 40 is moved, the coupling element 42 can be moved along with it. The coupling element 42 can couple the transmission element 40 to the pivot arms 44, 46.

[0097] The swivel arm 44 can connect the clamp arm 24 to the coupling element 42. The swivel arm 44 can be pivotally connected to the coupling element 42 at one end, e.g., by means of a bolt or pivot pin. The swivel arm 44 can also be pivotally connected to the clamp arm 24 at the opposite end, e.g., by means of a bolt or pivot pin.

[0098] The swivel arm 46 can connect the clamp arm 26 to the coupling element 42. The swivel arm 46 can be pivotally connected to the coupling element 42 at one end, e.g., by means of a bolt or pivot pin. The swivel arm 46 can also be pivotally connected to the clamp arm 26 at the opposite end, e.g., by means of a bolt or pivot pin.

[0099] The pivot arms 44, 46 are preferably arranged in a V-shape and / or one above the other (e.g., with respect to a vertical axis of the device 10). The pivot arms 44, 46 are preferably pivotable coaxially with respect to the coupling element 42. However, parallel pivot axes for the pivot arms 44, 46 with respect to the coupling element 42 are also possible. The pivot arms 44, 46 can preferably be arranged with respect to a vertical axis of the device 10 between the coupling element 42 or the transmission element 40 and the container holder 14.

[0100] A mechanical input through the output element 20.1 of the electric drive unit 20 can cause a displacement of the transmission element 40 towards or away from the container 12. A displacement of the transmission element 40 towards or away from the container 12 can cause a displacement of the coupling element 42 towards or away from the container 12. A displacement of the coupling element 42 towards or away from the container 12 can cause the ends of the pivot arms 44, 46, which are pivotally connected to the coupling element 42, to be displaced towards or away from the container 12. A displacement of the ends of the pivot arms 44, 46, which are pivotally connected to the coupling element 42, can cause the pivot arms 44, 46 to pivot at these ends, since the pivot arms 44, 46 are supported on the clamp arms 24, 26. The pivoting of the swivel arms 44, 46 causes the clamp arms 24, 26 to pivot, e.g. a pivoting up or down.Opening the clamping arms 24, 26 to release the container 12 or pivoting or closing the clamping arms 24, 26 to grasp the container 12.

[0101] The transmission element 40, the coupling element 42, the pivot arms 44, 46 and the clamp arms 24, 26 can preferably form a toggle lever or a toggle lever joint together.

[0102] Preferably, the container holder 14 and optionally 16, the electric drive unit 20 and optionally 22, and the connecting device 38 and optionally 39 do not have elastic spring elements. However, it is also possible in principle for, for example, the electric drive unit 20 and optionally 22 to have an elastic spring element, so that the dispensing element 20.1, 22.1 is biased, for example, towards an open or closed position.

[0103] The device 10 can have a fastening device 62. The fastening device 62 can be configured to attach the device 10 to a transport device, e.g., a transport carousel, for example, by means of a screw connection. The fastening device 62 can have at least one positioning element. The positioning element can correctly position the device 10 on the transport device when it is attached. The positioning element can, for example, be designed as a positioning pin. The fastening device 62 can be attached to the support 18, e.g., to a rear, top, and / or bottom surface of the support 18.

[0104] The processing unit 37 can be connected to an output unit 70 (only shown schematically in the Figures 1 and 2(as shown). The output device 70 can be, for example, a visual, acoustic, and / or haptic output device. Preferably, the output device 70 includes, for example, a touch-sensitive display, a signal light, and / or a loudspeaker.

[0105] The Figures 4 to 6 Figures 1 and 2 show different views of a device 64 for transporting containers 12 with several devices 10. For the sake of clarity, only one device 10, etc., is provided with a reference numeral.

[0106] The device 64 can preferably be included in a container handling system for transporting containers 12. In the container handling system, the containers 12 can, for example, be manufactured, cleaned, inspected, filled, sealed, labeled, printed, and / or packaged. It is possible that the device 64 is arranged, for example, as an infeed star wheel or an outfeed star wheel of a container handling system.

[0107] The device 64 is preferably designed as a rotatable transport carousel. The devices 10 are arranged, preferably uniformly, around a circumference of the device 64. The device 64 can be designed as a so-called clamping star. Due to the exemplary double-deck design of the devices 10, the clamping star can be designed as a double-deck clamping star. However, it is also possible that the device 64 is designed, for example, as a linear conveyor or a single-deck clamping star.

[0108] The device 64 can include a drive unit 66 and a slip ring transmitter 68.

[0109] The drive unit 66 can move the device 64 and thus the devices 10. Preferably, the drive unit 66 can rotate the device 64 and thus the devices 10 about a central vertical axis of the device 64. Depending on the configuration, the drive unit 66 can be arranged, for example, on a top or a bottom surface of the device 64.

[0110] The slip ring transmitter 68 can be connected to the electric drive unit 20 and the further electric drive unit 22. The slip ring transmitter 68 can, for example, have an electrical interface that enables an electrical connection between a rotating part of the slip ring transmitter 68 and a stationary part of the slip ring transmitter 68. For example, the housing of the slip ring transmitter 68 can be stationary. A part of the slip ring transmitter 68 arranged inside the housing can, in turn, be rotatably mounted and rotate with the rotating part of the device 64 during operation.

[0111] Depending on the design, the processing unit 37 can be arranged in the connection between the slip ring transmitter 68 and the electric drive units 20, 22. Alternatively, the processing unit 37 can not be connected or interposed between the slip ring transmitter 68 and the electric drive units 20, 22, but can, for example, be located upstream of the slip ring transmitter 68.

[0112] A special feature of the present disclosure is that the processing device 37 monitors (at least) one electrical operating parameter of the electric drive unit 20 and optionally of the further electric drive unit 22, if present. The electrical operating parameter can be, for example, an electrical current consumption of the electric drive unit 20 and optionally of the further electric drive unit 22, or an electrical power of the electric drive unit 20 and optionally of the further electric drive unit 22.

[0113] Depending on the monitored electrical operating parameter, the processing unit 37 determines the status of the container holder 14 and, if applicable, the additional container holder 16. In this way, the processing unit 37 can, for example, determine a wear condition and / or a defect of the container holder 14 and, if applicable, the additional container holder 16. It is also possible that the determined status indicates whether the container holder 14 and, if applicable, the additional container holder 16 are actually holding a container 12 or have successfully accepted it (signal "container / bottle present"), or whether the container holder 14 and, if applicable, the additional container holder 16 merely performed an empty stroke without accepting the container 12 when actuated.

[0114] The condition determination can be carried out, for example, by comparing the monitored electrical operating parameter with at least one predefined limit value and / or at least one predefined value range for the electrical operating parameter. The at least one limit value and / or the at least one value range can be stored in the processing unit 37. The at least one limit value and / or the at least one value range can be determined, for example, empirically, through tests, in the field, and / or by simulation, and can be indicative or characteristic of certain states of the container support 14 and, if applicable, the further container support 16. The at least one limit value and / or the at least one value range can depend on the design of the device 10 or 64 and the design of the containers 12.The comparison may involve comparing individual values ​​of the monitored electrical operating parameter and / or curves of the monitored electrical operating parameter.

[0115] For example, a defective container holder can result in at least partially undefined current draw or even no current draw at all from the electric drive unit. Increasing wear can be detected, for example, by a higher than normal current draw, which increases with an increasing number of actuations of container holder 14 and, if applicable, the other container holder 16.

[0116] The detection of whether a container 12 has been picked up and is being held by the container holder 14 and, if applicable, further container holders 16, or whether the container holder 14 and, if applicable, further container holders 16 have only performed an empty movement without picking up a container, can be detected, for example, by characteristic current consumption patterns.

[0117] It is also possible for the processing unit 37 to determine a characteristic of the container 12 based on the monitored electrical operating parameter. For example, the current draw can be used to determine when the container support 14 and, if applicable, 16 came into contact with the container 12. From this, a dimension of the container 12, such as its diameter or width, can be derived. Similarly, the current draw required to hold the container support 14 and, if applicable, 16 in contact with the container 12 can be used to infer the weight or force exerted by the container 12, and thus, for example, whether the container 12 is correctly filled or empty.

[0118] In embodiments with the two electric drive units 20, 22 for the two container supports 14, 16, it is also possible to compare the electrical operating parameters of the two electric drive units 20, 22 with each other in order to determine the condition of the container supports 14, 16.

[0119] The processing unit 37 can operate the device 10 or 64 depending on the determined state and / or the monitored electrical operating parameter. For example, the processing unit 37 can initiate an emergency stop if it detects a defect or an imminent defect in the container holder 14 and, if applicable, 16. The processing unit 37 can also perform self-adjusting control or regulation of the operation of the electrical drive unit 20 and, if applicable, 22. For example, in this way, a holding force, an opening time, a closing time, and / or an adjustment travel of the container holder 14 and, if applicable, 16 can be automatically adjusted and thus preferably optimized during operation.

[0120] It is also possible to adapt the operation of the electric drive unit 20 and, if applicable, 22 to the output (e.g., container output per unit of time) of the device 64. For example, at a low output of the device 64 (e.g., 10,000 containers per hour), lower forces occur than at a high output of the device 64 (e.g., 60,000 containers per hour). Consequently, at a low output of the device 64, only lower holding forces are required to hold the container 12 in the container holder 14 and, if applicable, 16. The processing unit 37 can, for example, adjust the electrical output of the drive unit 20 and, if applicable, 22 depending on the current output of the device 64.

[0121] It is also possible for the processing unit 37 to transmit information regarding the determined condition of the container support 14 and, if applicable, 16, and / or the determined characteristic of the container 12, to the output unit 70 for output to a user. For example, warnings or maintenance instructions can also be issued if a defect or specific wear is detected. Reference symbol list

[0122] 10 device 37 Processing facility 12 container 38 Connection device 14 Container holder 39 further connection device 16 additional container holder 40 Transmission element 18 carrier 42 Coupling element 20 electric drive unit 44 Swivel arm 20.1 Output element 46 Swivel arm 22 additional electric drive unit 50 Transmission element 22.1 Output element 52 Coupling element 24 Clamping arm 54 Swivel arm 26 Clamping arm 56 Swivel arm 28 additional clamping arm 62 Fastening device 30 additional clamping arm 64 device 32 pivot 66 drive unit 34 pivot 68 Slip ring transmitter 36 Reinforcing rib 70 Output device

Claims

1. An apparatus (10; 64) for transporting containers (12) for a container treatment facility, comprising: a container holder (14), preferably a pair of clamp arms, for holding a container (12); an electric drive unit (20) which is operatively connected to the container holder (14) in order to actuate the container holder (14); and a processing device (37) which is configured: - to monitor an electrical operating parameter, preferably a current consumption and / or an electrical power, of the electric drive unit (20); and - to determine a state of the container holder (14) on the basis of the monitored electrical operating parameter of the electric drive unit (20), characterized in that: the determined state is a wear state of and / or a defect in the container holder (14); and / or the determined state indicates if the container holder (14) has traveled while empty without transferring the container (12) during the actuation.

2. The apparatus (10; 64) according to claim 1, wherein: the processing device (37) is configured: - to monitor the electrical operating parameter of the electric drive unit (20) during actuation of the container holder (14) by the electric drive unit (20); and - to determine the state of the container holder (14) on the basis of the electrical operating parameter of the electric drive unit (20) monitored during the actuation of the container holder (14).

3. The apparatus (10; 64) according to either of the preceding claims, wherein: the determined state indicates: - whether the container holder (14) is holding the container (12) or has transferred it.

4. The apparatus (10; 64) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein: the processing device (37) is further configured to determine a characteristic, preferably a dimension and / or a weight, of the container (12) on the basis of the monitored electrical operating parameter of the electric drive unit (20).

5. The apparatus (10; 64) according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising: an output device (70) for outputting information to a user, wherein the processing device (37) is further configured to control the output device (70) such as to output information indicating the determined state.

6. The apparatus (10; 64) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein: the processing device (37) is further configured to operate the electric drive unit (20) on the basis of the determined state.

7. The apparatus (10; 64) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein: a holding force, an opening instant, a closing instant and / or an adjustment path of the container holder (14) can be variably adjusted by the electric drive unit (20), preferably automatically by the processing device (37) on the basis of the monitored electrical operating parameter; and / or the processing device (37) is configured to operate the electric drive unit (20) in different modes, wherein preferably: - the different modes differ at least partially with respect to a holding force, an opening instant, a closing instant and / or an adjustment path of the container holder (14); and / or - the different modes are configured for holding different containers (12), wherein the different containers (12) differ with respect to container weight, container size, container shape, container diameter and / or container material.

8. The apparatus (10; 64) according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising: a further container holder (16), preferably a further pair of clamp arms, wherein the container holder (14) and the further container holder (16) are arranged one above the other in order to simultaneously hold the container (12); a further electric drive unit (22) which is operatively connected to the further container holder (16) in order to actuate the further container holder (16), wherein preferably the processing device (37) is further configured: - to monitor an electrical operating parameter, preferably a current consumption and / or an electrical power, of the further electric drive unit (22), preferably during actuation of the further container holder (16); and - to determine a state of the further container holder (16) on the basis of the monitored electrical operating parameter of the further electric drive unit (22).

9. The apparatus (10; 64) according to claim 8, wherein: the processing device (37) is further configured: - to determine the state of the container holder (14) and / or the state of the further container holder (16) on the basis of a comparison between the monitored electrical operating parameter of the electric drive unit (20) and the monitored electrical operating parameter of the further electric drive unit (20).

10. The apparatus (64) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein: the apparatus (64) is in the form of a conveyor, preferably a rotatable clamp star, preferably comprising a slip ring transmitter (68) which is electrically connected to the electric drive unit (20); and the processing device (37) is configured to stop the conveyor if the determined state of the container holder (14) indicates a defect in the container holder (14) or an impending defect.

11. The apparatus (10; 64) according to claim 10, wherein the processing device (37) is further configured: - to operate the conveyor on the basis of the determined state of the container holder (14); and / or - to operate the electric drive unit (20) on the basis of a, preferably current, power of the conveyor, preferably for adjusting a holding force, an opening instant, a closing instant and / or an adjustment path of the container holder (14) on the basis of the power of the conveyor.

12. A method for operating an apparatus (10; 64) for transporting containers (12) for a container treatment facility, comprising: an electric drive unit (20) of the apparatus (10; 64) for holding a container (12) actuating a container holder (14), preferably a pair of clamp arms, of the apparatus (10; 64); a processing device (37) of the apparatus (10; 64) monitoring an electrical operating parameter, preferably a current consumption and / or an electrical power, of the electric drive unit (20), preferably during the actuation; and the processing device (37) determining a state of the container holder (14) on the basis of the monitoring of the electrical operating parameter of the electric drive unit (20), characterized in that: - the determined state is a wear state of and / or a defect in the container holder (14); and / or - the determined state indicates if the container holder (14) has traveled while empty without transferring a container (12) during the actuation.

13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising at least one of: an output device (70) outputting the determined state; the processing device (37) stopping the apparatus (10; 64) if the determined state indicates a defect in the container holder (14) or a wear state of the container holder (14) that requires maintenance; the processing device (37) operating the apparatus on the basis of the determined state; the processing device (37) adjusting a holding force, an opening instant, a closing instant and / or an adjustment path of the container holder (14) on the basis of the monitored electrical operating parameter and / or on the basis of a power of the apparatus (64) in the form of a conveyor; and the processing device (37) determining a characteristic, preferably a dimension and / or a weight, of the container (12) on the basis of the monitoring of the electrical operating parameter of the electric drive unit (20).

14. The method according to either claim 12 or claim 13, wherein: the determined state indicates: - whether the container holder (14) is holding the container (12) or has transferred it.