Building

Abstract

The building has walls, at least one floor, and a roof. To enable cost-effective construction using simple methods, the walls have a load-bearing structure of upright posts (5) connected by crossbeams (6). The posts (5) define installation areas (2 to 4) for facade elements, which are connected to the load-bearing structure in such a way that the facade elements, together with the load-bearing structure, bear the static loads of the walls.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a building according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] In established construction techniques, a distinction is made between the building structure as the load-bearing primary structure and the exterior wall as the secondary structure enclosing the space. Typically, wall or frame structures made of masonry or reinforced concrete serve as load-bearing structures and are constructed as a separate trade. For example, it is common to use glass facades, particularly in single-family homes, as a prestigious exterior wall, providing light-filled rooms with views of the surrounding greenery. The sole function of the glass facade is to protect the load-bearing structure or the load-bearing exterior wall. Therefore, glass facades are generally used as curtain walls, separate from the load-bearing structure. The glass construction thus only supports its own weight, without bearing the static loads of the building. This construction method increases the building's cost.

[0003] The invention is based on the objective of designing the generic building in such a way that it can be erected cost-effectively using simple construction methods.

[0004] This problem is solved according to the invention in the generic building with the characterizing features of claim 1.

[0005] The building according to the invention is provided with a supporting structure formed from upright posts and crossbeams running transversely to them. The crossbeams, connected to the posts, together with the posts, define installation areas for a wide variety of facade elements. They are connected to the supporting structure in such a way that the facade elements, together with the supporting structure, bear the static loads of the building wall. The building according to the invention is characterized in that the facade structure formed by the facade elements can simultaneously serve as the supporting structure for the building. The facade structure can be used both as an exterior wall and as a structural element with a load-bearing function.

[0006] The posts, and advantageously also the crossbeams, can be made of extruded aluminum profiles. However, steel profiles, which can be hot- or cold-rolled, are also suitable. Furthermore, roll-formed or laser-welded steel profiles can be used.

[0007] Suitable materials for the posts and crossbeams include metallic materials such as titanium, brass, copper and the like.

[0008] Under certain circumstances, wooden profile components may also be considered for the building according to the invention, if no high demands are placed on the statics of the building.

[0009] Wood with metal composite profile parts can also be used for the posts and crossbeams.

[0010] Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) or carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) can also be advantageously used for the posts and crossbeams.

[0011] The materials mentioned enable simple and, in particular, cost-effective manufacturing of the posts and crossbeams.

[0012] Since the facade structure of the building according to the invention serves simultaneously as an exterior wall and load-bearing structure, this results not only in a significant simplification of the design and construction, but also in considerable cost savings. Here, the facade structure, which typically only bears horizontal loads, primarily resulting from wind and lateral forces (fall protection / guardrails), as well as its own weight as limited vertical loads, assumes all loads and forces occurring in the building, resulting from all other forces present, such as the building's own weight, ceiling, roof, interior loads, lateral loads, traffic loads, etc., which in conventional buildings are borne by an independent load-bearing structure, such as a reinforced concrete frame, masonry, or metal or timber frame structure.

[0013] In contrast to classic timber-framed structures, which are assembled by hand from individual parts, including all infill panels, the design according to the invention uses prefabricated elements manufactured entirely in the workshop.

[0014] The supporting structure according to the invention is constructed using flexible profile elements, preferably in a lightweight design, which, in contrast to conventional structures (reinforced concrete frame), makes it highly earthquake-resistant. This is particularly because the supporting structures can withstand very large deformations without collapsing, and no heavy or massive concrete ceiling elements are used.

[0015] A wide variety of modules can be used as facade elements, such as large-area single-glazed units, insulated glass units, glass panel modules, photovoltaic modules, plant modules, solar thermal modules, window elements for natural ventilation of rooms within the building, or, for example, insulated panels with various decorative finishes. Suitable materials include sheet metal, natural stone, wood, glass, ceramics, or cladding panels of any kind. These infill modules are preferably pre-installed in the facade support modules in the workshop.

[0016] It is advantageous for the posts of the supporting structure to be equipped with a connection at least at their upper ends. This allows multiple posts to be stacked on top of each other and connected via the connection. It also allows for the attachment of elements such as floor or roof components, which are used to construct the building's floor and roof.

[0017] The connection is designed as a plug-in connector, featuring at least one receptacle for coupling elements, in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner. This plug-in design allows for easy and inexpensive assembly. The elements to be connected via the connector can be joined together with a simple plug-in action. The coupling elements serve as connecting elements, enabling the parts to be easily joined. These coupling elements can be stored compactly and easily within the plug-in connector's receptacle.

[0018] The support structure's post is preferably designed as a hollow profile post. It can be manufactured easily and cost-effectively and, despite its low weight, has a high load-bearing capacity.

[0019] The post of the supporting structure is provided at its lower end with an additional connection, preferably designed as a plug-in connection. This makes it possible to connect the posts to each other simply by plugging them together.

[0020] In this case, it is advantageous to have a slot on the outside of the post that provides access to the socket of the post connector. This allows the coupling parts to be inserted transversely to the post's length through the slot into the socket. The slot enables the coupling parts to be designed long enough to protrude from the socket through the slot and beyond the post. The component to be connected can then be securely attached to this protruding part of the coupling part.

[0021] Assembly is particularly easy if the socket and slot are open towards the free end of the post. This allows the coupling parts to be inserted lengthwise into the socket along the post. The slot then serves primarily to ensure that the coupling element protrudes outwards from the socket.

[0022] To allow for easy connection of stacked posts, the connection is provided on the part of the post that extends beyond the crossbeam. In this case, the slot on the outside of the post extends to the level of the crossbeam.

[0023] In a further embodiment of the invention, the connections of the posts and the coupling elements form nodes through which the floor or ceiling is connected to the facade support structure. At these nodes, posts that are stacked on top of each other and the floor or ceiling are firmly connected to one another. The forces from the floor or ceiling to the facade support structure are transferred via these nodes.

[0024] In a further embodiment of the invention, the crossbeams are designed as hollow profile sections whose ends rest on connecting elements attached to the outside of the posts. The crossbeams, designed as hollow profile sections, can be easily slid onto the connecting elements and firmly connected to them, for example by means of a screw connection. This enables very simple and cost-effective assembly of the building.

[0025] It is advantageous if the connecting elements are located entirely within the crossbeam. This protects the connecting elements within the crossbeam, which can then be pushed onto the connecting elements until its end face rests against the outside of the post. This eliminates any obstructive elements in the connection area between the crossbeams and the posts.

[0026] The floor and ceiling are advantageously formed by individual floor and ceiling elements that are firmly connected to one another. The elements are connected in such a way that the floor and ceiling are self-supporting.

[0027] The floor and ceiling elements can be completely prefabricated in the factory as large-scale, prefabricated modules. This significantly minimizes the individual manual work required on site.

[0028] The floor and ceiling elements advantageously consist of frame-shaped supporting structures, which preferably have a rectangular outline. The area enclosed by the frames of the floor and ceiling elements can be filled with insulating materials, heating and cooling modules, ventilation modules, supply lines for electrical installations, and the like.

[0029] The frame components of the floor and ceiling elements can be manufactured in the same way as the posts and crossbeams of the supporting structure, using the materials specified therein.

[0030] To facilitate easy connection of the floor and ceiling elements to the supporting structure, at least some of the floor and ceiling elements are equipped with coupling elements. Advantageously, these coupling elements are attached to the floor and ceiling elements in such a way that they can be inserted into adjacent posts of the supporting structure. This allows for a reliable and secure connection of the floor and ceiling elements to the supporting structure.

[0031] Optimal force transmission from the floor or ceiling to the supporting structure is achieved when the coupling elements are plate-shaped. In particular, with a plate-shaped coupling element, it is possible to connect two vertically arranged posts of the supporting structure to the floor and / or ceiling. The preferably plate-shaped coupling element extends longitudinally along the posts, thus enabling a simple connection between the floor or ceiling and the supporting structure.

[0032] A simple connection between the floor and ceiling and the supporting structure is achieved when the coupling element protrudes beyond the floor or ceiling. Advantageously, the coupling element protrudes beyond the corresponding frame side of the floor or ceiling's frame-like structure. The coupling element can then be easily inserted into the plug-in receptacle of the respective post connection.

[0033] To ensure a reliable connection between the ceiling and the floor, as well as the supporting structure, the coupling element within the post's socket is penetrated by at least one fastener. Any suitable fastener, such as a screw, can be used.

[0034] The coupling element is advantageously designed to engage both the socket of the lower post and the socket of the post mounted on top of it. In this case, the coupling element is penetrated by the fastening element within the sockets of both posts, preventing the stacked posts from being separated.

[0035] The stacked posts lie directly on top of each other with their end faces, so that continuous posts / supports / load-bearing walls are formed over the height of the building without gaps.

[0036] The posts are advantageously of a height corresponding to the respective floor of the building. In this way, buildings with varying numbers of stories or floors can be easily constructed by stacking the posts.

[0037] It is particularly advantageous if the facade element is a stiffening module that is connected to the mullions via connecting pieces. The stiffening modules are inserted directly into the mounting bays of the supporting structure and are integrated invisibly. The stiffening module is advantageously designed so that it does not project perpendicular to the mullions of the supporting structure.

[0038] The stiffening modules are inserted into the supporting structure wherever necessary, according to static considerations.

[0039] The connecting pieces of the stiffening module enable easy attachment of the stiffening module in the respective installation field of the supporting structure.

[0040] The connecting pieces can be designed on the stiffening module in such a way that they are attached exclusively to the outside of the posts.

[0041] In another advantageous design, the connecting pieces of the stiffening module are L-shaped and attached to the outside of the post and the outside of the crossbeam. In this case, the stiffening module is attached to both the post and the crossbeams, resulting in optimal stiffening. Furthermore, the L-shaped connecting pieces can be easily attached to the post and the crossbeams, for example, using a screw connection.

[0042] Advantageously, the connecting pieces of the stiffening module are designed in a plate-like form. These connecting pieces then rest against the outside of the post within the installation area and are connected to the post, preferably by bolting. In this way, a structurally simple yet reliable stiffening of the supporting structure is achieved through the stiffening module.

[0043] In another advantageous embodiment, the facade elements are partially formed by glass windows which are connected to the posts of the supporting structure by an integrated clamping device.

[0044] Advantageously, the glass window is clamped against the front face of the facade support structure with at least one, preferably integrated, seal in between. This allows for a simple yet reliable seal of the glass windows.

[0045] In a further embodiment of the invention, the roof of the building is provided with support elements extending in the vertical direction of the roof. Each of these elements is firmly connected to a coupling part that engages from above into the plug-in receptacle of the posts. This plug-in connection allows the roof to be easily attached to the supporting structure of the building. Within the plug-in receptacle, the coupling part of the support element is secured by transverse fasteners, such as screws.

[0046] Roof tiles can be mounted on the roof's supporting elements in the conventional manner.

[0047] However, it is also possible to attach infill elements, such as photovoltaic modules, to the supporting elements instead of roof tiles.

[0048] A particularly simple and reliable way to fasten these infill panels is to tension them against the roof's supporting elements using a tensioning device. This is advantageously achieved with at least one sealant layered between them, which is elastically deformed by the tensioning device, thus ensuring a reliable seal.

[0049] Simple assembly of the prefabricated elements is achieved when they can be connected to the foundation structure in a three-dimensionally adjustable manner using an adjustment device. This allows for the compensation of any tolerances that may arise during the construction of the building.

[0050] In an advantageous embodiment, the adjustment device has at least one support on which the lower end of the post is attached. The support can be adjusted horizontally in two mutually perpendicular directions, so that the positioning of the post during the construction of the building is simple yet precise.

[0051] An advantageous embodiment is achieved when the carrier is secured in its respective position by a toothed engagement of at least one adjusting element. This toothed engagement can be provided for both adjustment directions of the carrier. If the carrier can be adjusted in two mutually perpendicular directions, then at least one such adjusting element is provided for each adjustment direction. It has a toothed element that engages in a corresponding mating toothing of the respective guide.

[0052] The subject matter of the application is not only defined by the subject matter of the individual patent claims, but also by all information and features disclosed in the drawings and the description. These are claimed as essential to the invention, even if they are not explicitly stated in the claims, insofar as they are novel, individually or in combination, compared to the prior art.

[0053] Further features of the invention will become apparent from the further claims, the description and the drawings.

[0054] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to several embodiments illustrated in the drawings. These show Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of several roof shapes of a building according to the invention; Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of various shapes of a building according to the invention, which is erected by means of a supporting structure; Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of buildings at different floor heights; Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a supporting structure of a building according to the invention with floors and a ceiling; Fig. 5 shows a side view of the supporting structure according to the invention. Fig. 4 , Fig. 6 in enlarged view a part of the supporting structure according to Fig. 4 , Fig. 7 in enlarged view another part of the supporting structure according to Fig. 4 Figures 8 to 10 show the supporting structure in different views according to Fig. 4 , Fig. 11 in perspective view floor and ceiling elements of the supporting structure according to Fig. 4 , Fig. 12 in perspective view the supporting structure according to Fig. 4 without floors and ceiling, Fig. 13 in enlarged and perspective view a node between the supporting structure according to Fig. 12 and a floor, Figs. 14 and 15 the node according to Fig. 13 in different partial explosion representations, Fig. 16 the node according to the Fig. 13 bis 15 In exploded view, Figs. 17 and 18 each show the node according to Fig. 14 Fig. 19 in perspective view a facade support element, Fig. 20 in perspective view a part of a support structure into which floor elements are inserted, Fig. 21 in perspective view a part of a support structure with mounted floor elements and facade elements, Fig. 22 in perspective and exploded view the assembly principle for erecting the support structure with floor and ceiling elements, Fig. 23 in perspective and enlarged view stiffening modules within the support structure, Fig. 24 in enlarged view the connection of the stiffening modules according to Fig. 23 to the supporting structure, Fig. 25 in enlarged and perspective view the connection area between superimposed posts of the supporting structure, Fig. 26 in section a building according to the invention with a supporting structure and with a flat roof, Fig. 27 in enlarged view and in vertical section a node between the supporting structure and an attached floor, Fig. 28 a horizontal section through the node according to Fig. 27 Fig. 29 a section through a post of the supporting structure, Fig. 30 a section through a crossbeam of a support structure connected to the supporting structure, Fig. 31 a section through another embodiment of a post of the supporting structure, Fig. 32 a section of a support beam of the supporting structure, Fig. 33 an enlarged view of a horizontal section through a post of the supporting structure and through the support structure as well as an insulating glass or infill element, Fig. 34 a horizontal section through the post of the supporting structure with attached floor and with attached facade element, Fig. 35 a view corresponding Fig. 33 Another embodiment of a post of the supporting structure as a coupling joint, Fig. 36 in enlarged view and in section the post according to Fig. 35 In its disassembled state, Fig. 37 shows an enlarged view and a vertical section showing the connection of a flat roof to the supporting structure, Fig. 38 shows an enlarged view and a vertical section showing the anchoring of the supporting structure in the substrate, Fig. 39 shows an enlarged view and a vertical section showing the connection of a balcony to the supporting structure, Fig. 40 shows an enlarged view and a horizontal section showing the connection area between a support bracket of the balcony and the supporting structure, Fig. 40a shows a corresponding representation Fig. 40 Another embodiment of the connection area between a support bracket of the balcony and the supporting structure, Fig. 41 in enlarged view and in vertical section the connection area according to Fig. 40 between the support bracket of the balcony and the supporting structure, Fig. 42 another embodiment of a building according to the invention with a supporting structure and a gable roof, Fig. 43 in enlarged view and in vertical section the connection area between the gable roof according to Fig. 42 and the supporting structure, Fig. 44 in enlarged view and in vertical section roof supporting elements of the gable roof according to Fig. 42 , Fig. 45 in enlarged view and in vertical section the ridge area of ​​the gable roof according to Fig. 42 Fig. 46 shows an enlarged view and a vertical section of a part of the roof with roof support elements with battens and roof tiles; Fig. 47 shows an enlarged view and a vertical section of the clamping of photovoltaic modules into the roof support elements; Fig. 48 shows a horizontal section of the connection area of ​​two facade elements to the supporting structure using the retaining structure; Figs. 49 to 52 show corresponding representations. Fig. 48 Further embodiments of the connection area, Fig. 53; a further embodiment of a stiffening module of the supporting structure, Fig. 54; in enlarged view, the connection area of ​​two stiffening modules to the supporting structure, Fig. 55; in enlarged view, a vertical section through the connection area according to Fig. 54 , Fig. 56 in perspective and enlarged view the connection area of ​​the two stiffening modules according to Fig. 54 , Fig. 57in enlarged and perspective as well as exploded view a node between two superimposed stiffening modules according to Fig. 54 , Fig. 58in exploded view of the connection area according to Fig. 54 , Fig. 59 in a further exploded view the connection area according to Fig. 54 Fig. 60 shows a perspective view of a connecting element for horizontal crossbeams, Fig. 61 shows another perspective view of the connecting element according to Fig. 60 Fig. 62 shows an enlarged horizontal section through the connection area of ​​connecting elements to a post of the supporting structure, Fig. 63 shows a vertical section through the connecting element according to Fig. 60 In an enlarged view, Fig. 64 shows the connection area of ​​two connection elements to a post of the supporting structure; Fig. 65 shows, in an enlarged and perspective view, the fastening of a connection element to a post of the supporting structure and a crossbeam before fastening to the connection element; Fig. 66 shows a corresponding view. Fig. 65 the crossbeam attached to the connecting element, Fig. 67 in perspective and enlarged view another embodiment of a beam for large spans, Fig. 68 in enlarged and perspective view the connection of a post of the supporting structure to a floor area.

[0055] The following describes a modular load-bearing structure of a building, in particular a prefabricated house, whose facade structure serves as a load-bearing exterior wall or as the load-bearing structure of the building, so that the use of a separate load-bearing shell structure can be dispensed with.

[0056] The supporting structure is characterized in particular by the fact that, unlike conventional designs, a separately constructed supporting skeleton of the building shell, usually made of reinforced concrete and masonry or steel frame construction, onto which the separately mounted facade is placed, can be dispensed with.

[0057] The supporting structure can be particularly advantageous as a highly insulated exterior facade or building envelope with very high resistance to driving rain and airtightness. The supporting facade structure, hereinafter referred to as the supporting structure, is designed to allow for the economical integration of photovoltaic or solar thermal modules, for example. It is also possible to integrate modules with vegetation into the supporting structure. This allows, for example, the cost-effective construction of inexpensive buildings with large glass surfaces. The supporting structure is particularly well-suited for the realization of zero-energy buildings. Since the facade structure simultaneously serves as the supporting structure for the building, there is considerable potential for savings in the construction of the corresponding shell. Cost savings of approximately 30% for the building shell are quite possible.

[0058] The installation and flexibility of different infill modules is technically and economically easy to implement with this construction method.

[0059] Due to the high variability of the infill system, the functional, energetic and design-related user requirements can be met and implemented with great flexibility.

[0060] Because the supporting structure is modular, it is advantageously possible to dismantle individual elements of the building later with minimal effort and replace them with other elements. This allows, for example, future new construction techniques to be easily retrofitted.

[0061] The modular support structure is designed to allow for rapid assembly and short construction times. This construction method is particularly advantageous given the increasing shortage of skilled workers and young professionals, especially in the trades.

[0062] Fig. 1 This demonstrates how houses with different roof designs can be built using the supporting structure. Thus, the building, according to... Fig. 1a a tent roof, the building according to Fig. 1b a hipped roof, the building according to Fig. 1c a hipped roof, the building according to Fig. 1d a pitched roof and the building according to Fig. 1e a flat roof.

[0063] Furthermore, the supporting structure allows for the construction of buildings with other roof shapes, such as gable roofs, barrel roofs, mansard roofs, sawtooth roofs, lean-to roofs, or dormer roofs. This list is not exhaustive but merely intended to demonstrate that buildings with a wide variety of roof shapes can be constructed using this supporting structure.

[0064] Fig. 2 This exemplifies the great variability that exists with regard to building forms as well. For example, the building according to Fig. 2a square outline, the building according to Fig. 2b rectangular outline, the building according to Fig. 2c L-shaped outline or the building according to Fig. 2d U-shaped outline. In addition, the Fig. 2e und 2f Stepped building forms, which can be designed in various ways. Also in relation to Fig. 2 It should be noted that these are merely examples of different building types, but these examples are not to be understood as limiting.

[0065] Fig. 3 This demonstrates the possibility of constructing buildings of varying heights using the supporting structure. Examples include a one-story, a two-story, a three-story, and a four-story building.

[0066] Fig. 4 This shows an example of a building's load-bearing structure. It has an exemplary rectangular outline and is designed with two stories plus a ground floor.

[0067] The supporting structure is formed from individual facade support elements 1, which may have one or more fields. Fig. 19 Figure 1 shows an example of a facade support element 1 with three fields 2 to 4. In contrast to this embodiment, facade support elements 1 can also have only one, two or more than three fields.

[0068] In the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 4 Three-span facade support elements 1 can be arranged one above the other on the two opposing narrow sides. On the opposing long sides of the supporting structure, several facade support elements are arranged side by side on each floor.

[0069] The facade support elements 1 have posts 5 that run vertically parallel to each other and are connected to each other at the top and bottom by crossbeams 6. The posts 5 project vertically beyond the upper and lower crossbeams 6. The projecting post sections form connections 7 with which superimposed facade support elements 1 can be connected to each other. In the Fig. 4 and 5 For the sake of clarity, not all posts and crossbeams have been marked with reference symbols.

[0070] The posts 5 and the crossbeams 6 are advantageously extruded parts that are easy and inexpensive to manufacture.

[0071] The facade support elements 1 within a story are all the same height. In the exemplary embodiment, the three facade support elements 1 arranged one above the other are all the same height. In principle, it is possible for the facade support elements 1 to be of different heights on different stories.

[0072] The first and second floors of the load-bearing structure are each bounded by floor elements 8 and 9. These floor elements are located at the level of the connections 7, through which they are linked to the facade load-bearing elements 1 in a manner to be described later. The outline of the floor elements 8 and 9 corresponds to the inner outline of the load-bearing structure.

[0073] The top floor is bounded at the top by ceiling elements 10, which are advantageously designed in the same way as the floor elements 8, 9.

[0074] The ceiling elements 10 are surrounded by facade support elements 1', which are basically identical in design to the facade support elements 1, but have a lower height. The facade support elements 1' are connected to the uppermost facade support elements 1 of the supporting structure via the connections 7.

[0075] As from the Fig. 4 bis 10 As can be seen, the stacked posts 5 of the facade support elements 1 are abutting each other. In this way, a continuous post formation is achieved over the height of the supporting structure. The crossbeams 6 of the facade support elements 1 are at the same height within each story.

[0076] Based on Fig. 19 The design of the facade support elements 1 is described in more detail. The posts 5 and the crossbeams 6 are each formed by rectangular tubes that are securely connected to each other in a suitable manner, for example by a welded connection. Advantageously, the posts 5 and the crossbeams 6 are connected to each other via plug-in connections. Based on the Fig. 58 and 59 This advantageous joining technique will be described in detail.

[0077] The posts 5 and the crossbeams 6 are arranged such that the broad sides of the posts 5 extend perpendicularly to the broad sides of the crossbeams 6. The widths of the posts 5 and the crossbeams 6 correspond to each other, so that the narrow longitudinal sides 6a of the horizontal crossbeams 6 lie in a plane with the vertical narrow sides 5a of the posts 5. This results in a very rigid construction of the facade support element 1. Due to this described arrangement of posts 5 and crossbeams 6, the facade support element 1 can, as in the example, have several bays 2 to 4 without any risk of the multi-bay facade support element 1 lacking sufficient rigidity.

[0078] The crossbeams 6 of the facade support element 1 are aligned one behind the other. The posts 5 are aligned one behind the other, congruently when viewed from the front of the facade support element 1.

[0079] The connections 7 of the posts 5, which project upwards and downwards over the crossbeams 6, are identical in design and make it possible to connect the superimposed facade support elements 1 simply yet firmly together.

[0080] The connections 7 are designed so that not only can superimposed facade support elements 1 be connected to each other, but also the floor elements 8, 9 and the ceiling element 10 can be connected to the facade support elements 1.

[0081] The Fig. 16 and 17 show the special design of the connections 7. The connections 7 at the upper and lower ends of the posts 5 are essentially identical, however, the connections 7 at the upper end of the posts 5 have a deeper engagement structure than the connections 7 at the lower end of the posts 5.

[0082] As from Fig. 17 As can be seen, the upper connection 7 of the post has a rectangular outline. From its one closed narrow side 11, two narrow, spaced-apart ribs 12 and 13 extend into the cross-sectional profile, extending over the length of the post 5 and thus over the height of the connection 7, and advantageously forming one piece with the narrow side 11 or the post 5. The ribs 12, 13 are also spaced from the longitudinal sides 14, 15 of the connection 7.

[0083] The opposite narrow side 16 of the connection 7 also has two spaced-apart webs 17, 18, which are aligned with the opposite webs 12, 13. The webs 17, 18 are positioned at a distance from the longitudinal sides 14, 15 of the connection 7 in the same way as the opposite webs 12, 13.

[0084] The narrow side 16 is slotted over the height of the connection 7. Two parallel slots 19, 20 are provided, which are bounded by the longitudinal side 14 and the web 17 and by the longitudinal side 15 and the web 18, respectively.

[0085] The lower connections of the posts 5 are basically identical in cross-section; however, the parallel slots 21, 22, which lie parallel to each other and open into the narrow side 16 of the connection 7, are shorter than the slots 19, 20 of the upper connection 7. Otherwise, the lower connections 7 have the same cross-sectional design as the upper connections 7.

[0086] Contrary to the illustrated embodiment, the slots 19 to 22 can also have the same height.

[0087] The connections 7 form nodes by means of which not only superimposed facade support elements 1 can be connected to each other, but also the floor elements 8, 9 and the ceiling elements 10. The nodes 7 transfer the forces from the floor 8, 9 and the ceiling 10 to the supporting structure.

[0088] Coupling elements 23, designed as plug-in elements, serve to connect the facade support elements 1, the floor elements 8, 9 and the ceiling elements 10. The coupling elements 23 are plate-shaped and are inserted into the connections 7 of the vertically arranged posts 5.

[0089] As from Fig. 17 As can be seen, the plate-shaped coupling elements 23 have an L-shaped outline. The thickness of the coupling elements 23 corresponds to the width of the slots 19, 20; 21, 22 of the upper and lower connections 7 of the posts 5, as well as the width of the receptacles 24, 25, which are bounded by the webs 12, 13 and the adjacent longitudinal sides 14, 15 of the connections 7.

[0090] The coupling elements 23 are first inserted into the upper connections 7 of the respective lower facade support elements 1. According to Fig. 15 The coupling elements 23, with one edge 26 of each, abut the narrow side 11 of the coupling part 7. The coupling elements 23 are guided laterally in the receptacles 24, 25 of the connection 7.

[0091] The coupling elements 23 project beyond the terminals 7 in both the vertical and horizontal directions. In the horizontal direction, the coupling elements 23 extend outwards through the slots 19, 20. In this area projecting beyond the slots 19, 20, the coupling elements 23 have a lower height than in the area where they project vertically from the upper terminals 7.

[0092] Depending on the requirements and / or installation conditions, the coupling elements 23 can also be designed to protrude equally horizontally and vertically.

[0093] Through openings 27, 28 for fastening screws 90 are located in the longitudinal sides 14, 15 of the connections 7 and in the coupling elements 23 ( Fig. 34 ), via which the coupling elements 23 can be firmly connected to the connections 7 of the posts 5.

[0094] The vertically longer sections of the coupling elements 23 engage in the lower connection 7 of the respective upper post 5. The height of this part of the coupling element 23 and the length of the slots 21, 22 of the lower connections 7 are coordinated such that the stacked posts 5 abut each other with the facing end faces of the upper and lower connections 7. Fig. 13 ).

[0095] With their vertically lower areas, the coupling elements 23 are attached to a frame 29 of the floor elements 8, 9 or ceiling elements 10.

[0096] Fig. 11 Figure 1 shows the floor elements 8, 9 and the ceiling elements 10. In the exemplary embodiment, seven such elements 8 to 10 are provided, which form the floor of the respective story and the ceiling in the supporting structure. The floor elements 8, 9 and the ceiling elements 10 are identical and have a rectangular outline. This outline is defined by the rectangular frame 29, the longitudinal sides 30, 31 of which are connected to each other by transverse struts 32. These struts are spaced apart from each other and parallel to each other, and connect at right angles to the longitudinal sides 30, 31 of the frame 29. Fig. 11 and 20 ).

[0097] The opposite narrow sides 33, 34 of the frame 29 can, for example, be connected at half their length by a crossbar 35 which runs parallel to the long sides 30, 31 of the frame 29.

[0098] Due to this design, the floor elements 8, 9 and the ceiling elements 30 have rectangular openings 36, which are bounded by the crossbars 32, 35 and the frame 29. The openings 36 are in Fig. 20 for the floor elements 8. The corresponding passages 36 are also, as shown in the Fig. 10 and 11 as can be seen, in the same way in the floor elements 9 and the ceiling elements 10.

[0099] Advantageously, the passages 36 of each element 8 to 10 are of the same size. For example, the passages 36 have a square outline. Depending on the size and design of the elements 8 to 10, the passages 36 can also have other outline shapes. In addition, each element 8 to 10 can have further crossbars 35, so that each element 8 to 10 can have a larger number of passages 36.

[0100] Each element 8 to 10 is provided with a coupling element 23 on each of its two long sides 30, 31. As shown from Fig. 11 As can be seen, the coupling elements 23 are positioned against the longitudinal sides 30, 31 such that their higher sections project beyond the longitudinal sides 30, 31 and thus also beyond the narrow sides 33, 34 of the elements 8 to 10. The coupling elements 23 are advantageously screwed to the frame 29, abutting the longitudinal sides 30, 31. The fastening screws 90 extend through the through-openings 28.

[0101] The coupling elements 23 can also be attached to the frame 29 in other ways, for example by means of a welded connection.

[0102] At least the longitudinal sides 30, 31 of the frame 29 are provided with a recess 37 extending along the length of the longitudinal sides 30, 31, at the bottom of which the lower part of the coupling element 23 rests. As can be seen from the Fig. 11 and 13As can be seen, the recesses 37 extending along the length of the longitudinal sides 30, 31 are bounded by two parallel edges 38, 39, which also extend along the length of the longitudinal sides 30, 31. The lower parts of the coupling elements 23 lie with their corresponding edges 40, 41 ( Fig. 13 and 17 ) on the mutually facing side walls 42, 43 of the edges 38, 39. This makes it very easy and precise to align the coupling elements 23 in their installation position on the frame 29 of the elements 8 to 10.

[0103] Advantageously, the width of the side walls 42, 43 and the edges 38, 39 is greater than the thickness of the coupling elements 23, which can thus be securely attached to the frame 29. In particular, this allows adjacent elements 8 to 10 to be mounted in the supporting structure with their longitudinal sides 30, 31 lying against each other.

[0104] The coupling elements 23 are mounted on the floor elements 8, 9 and the ceiling elements 10 in such a way that the higher parts of the coupling elements 23 with their edge 44 abut the front face 45 of the upper edge 39 of the frame longitudinal side 30, 31 ( Fig. 15 ).

[0105] The respective elements 8 to 10 are inserted into the connections 7 of the posts 5 with their plate-shaped coupling elements 23. In the installed position, the higher part of the coupling elements 23 engages in the connections 7 of the stacked posts 5 in such a way that the connections 7 are butted against each other ( Fig. 13 ) and the frame longitudinal sides 30, 31 with the end faces of their edges 38, 39 lie flat against the narrow sides 16 of the superimposed posts 5.

[0106] In Fig. 13 Only one base element 8 is inserted into the connections 7 of the stacked posts 5. The other insertion opening 20, 22 of the posts 5 remains free. The coupling element 23 of the adjacent base element 8 is inserted into it as described. This adjacent base element 8 rests with its corresponding longitudinal side against the frame 29 of the adjacent base element 8.

[0107] In Fig. 17 The coupling elements 23 of two adjacent base elements 8 are shown, although the base elements themselves are not depicted for clarity. It can be seen that the two coupling elements 23 are first inserted into the upper connection 7 of the lower post 5 in the manner described, such that the higher sections of the coupling elements 23 protrude upwards. The upper post 5 is then placed onto this protruding section until it rests flat against the front face of the connection 7 of the lower post 5. Fig. 13 ).

[0108] The two coupling elements 23 rest with their edges 26 against the base of the receptacles 24, 25 of the upper connection 7 of the lower post 5 as described. The two coupling elements 23 are guided laterally by the webs 12, 13; 17, 18.

[0109] The Fig. 20 bis 22 The figures illustrate the assembly principle of the supporting structure. First, the lower floor of the supporting structure, which in this embodiment has a rectangular outline, is erected using the facade support elements 1. Then, the floor elements 8 are placed onto the facade support elements 1 by engaging the coupling elements 23 of the floor elements 8 with the upper connections 7 of the posts 5 as described.

[0110] Since the coupling elements 23 are present twice at both ends of the base elements 8, the base elements 8 are perfectly supported and held in the installed position. The width of the base elements 8 is adapted to the distance between adjacent posts 5 so that the coupling elements 23 provided on each narrow side of the frame 29 of the base elements 8 can engage in the upper connections of the adjacent posts 5.

[0111] Since the upper connections 7 of the posts 5 each have two slots 19, 20 for the coupling elements 23, one post 5 simultaneously holds two adjacent floor elements 8.

[0112] The floor elements 8 are attached to the facade support elements 1 one after the other in the manner described. Since this initially only requires a simple plug-in process, assembly is quick, easy, and cost-effective. Due to the simple plug-in process, it can also be carried out by less experienced individuals. Because the floor elements 8 lie against each other with their long sides in the installed position, a continuous floor is created without gaps between the long sides of adjacent floor elements 8.

[0113] Fig. 21 Figure 1 shows the fully assembled floor elements 8, which are inserted into the upper connections 7 of the posts 5 via their coupling elements 23. The facade support elements 1 of the next floor are then installed. The lower connections 7 of the posts 5 of these facade support elements 1 engage with the coupling elements 23 of the already installed floor elements 8 on the long sides of the support frame. As previously explained, the coupling elements 23 project upwards beyond the upper connections 7 of the lower facade support elements 1, allowing the lower connections 7 of the posts 5 of the respective upper facade support elements 1 to be placed onto the projecting areas of the coupling elements 23.

[0114] Fig. 22 The diagram schematically shows how, in the manner described, the facade support elements 1 of the lower floor, then the floor elements 8, subsequently the facade support elements 1 of the next floor, and then the floor elements 9 can be mounted successively. After the floor elements 9 have been mounted, the facade support elements 1 of the next floor are placed on top in the manner described. The ceiling elements 10, which are designed in the same way as the floor elements 8 and 9, are then mounted on top of these, with their coupling elements 23 attached to the upper connections 7 of the vertical mullions 5 of the floor below, in the manner described.

[0115] The facade load-bearing elements 1 are usually infilled. However, this is not shown for illustrative reasons.

[0116] Finally, the facade support elements 1' are placed on top of the facade support elements 1 below. The facade support elements 1` have vertical posts 5 with lower connections 7, which are placed on the coupling elements 23 of the ceiling elements 10 in the manner described.

[0117] Unlike the facade support elements 1, the posts 5 of the facade support elements 1' only have the lower connections 7.

[0118] The upper ends of the posts 5 are connected to each other by a frame 46 ( Fig. 4 and 22 Advantageously, the frame has such a width that the posts 5 adjoining its underside do not project laterally beyond the frame 46.

[0119] Within the supporting structure, its individual modules are firmly connected to one another via their coupling elements 23 in conjunction with the connections 7, preferably by bolting them together, as described. The bolted connection has the advantage that individual modules of the supporting structure can be exchanged or replaced at any time.

[0120] The posts 5 and the crossbeams 6 of the facade support elements 1 define fields 47 ( Fig. 12 ), which serve to hold building components such as glass windows, wall elements, and the like. In Fig. 12 The supporting structure is shown without the floor elements 8, 9 and the ceiling elements 10. It can be seen that each floor has adjacent bays 47 around the perimeter of the supporting structure. In this embodiment, all bays 47 are the same size. In principle, the bays 47 within a floor can have different sizes, depending on the design of the individual facade supporting elements 1. Furthermore, the size of the bays 47 can also vary from floor to floor.

[0121] Based on the Fig. 23 and 24It is explained by way of example that stiffening modules 48 can be accommodated in individual or even all bays 47. Depending on the design of the supporting structure, the stiffening modules 48 are positioned in the bays 47 in such a way that the supporting structure has the desired stability. The structural engineer can easily determine which bays 47 the stiffening modules are placed in.

[0122] In the exemplary embodiment, the stiffening module 48 has two struts 49, 50 that intersect each other at an angle, preferably at an acute angle, and which are provided with connecting pieces 51 at their ends. These connecting pieces are used to attach the stiffening modules 48 to the connections 7 of the posts 5 of the facade support elements 1.

[0123] The stiffening modules 48 are attached to the upper and lower connections 7 of the posts 5 of the respective facade support element 1 using the connecting pieces 51. The connecting pieces 51 are advantageously plate-shaped and, in the installed position, lie flat against the longitudinal sides 14, 15 ( Fig. 15 ) of the connections 7. Advantageously, the exemplary plate-shaped connection pieces 51 are the same size as the longitudinal sides 14, 15 of the connections 7 ( Fig. 23 The stiffening modules 48 are designed so that they do not protrude from the fields 47 perpendicular to their plane. The stiffening modules 48 can be used to stiffen the facade support elements 1 to the required extent, if necessary in a given case. The stiffening modules 48 can be easily and reliably and securely attached to the connections 7 of the posts 5, preferably by means of screws.

[0124] The struts 49, 50 of the stiffening modules 48 can have any suitable cross-section. In the exemplary embodiment, the struts 49, 50 have a square, in particular rectangular, cross-section.

[0125] The cross-sectional shape of the struts can also have other geometric shapes, deviating from the embodiment shown.

[0126] The connecting pieces 51 are advantageously welded to the ends of the struts 49, 50.

[0127] The struts 49, 50, which advantageously cross each other at mid-length, are advantageously formed in one piece. This ensures high strength of the stiffening modules 48.

[0128] The stiffening modules 48 can be retrofitted into the bays 47 of the facade support elements 1 at any time. Therefore, subsequent adjustments to the supporting structure with regard to strength requirements are also easily possible.

[0129] For a simple screw connection, the connecting pieces 51 have corresponding through-openings 52 ( Fig. 24 ) provided for fastening screws. The through-holes 52 correspond to the corresponding through-holes 27 of the connections 7.

[0130] The stiffening modules 48 can, in contrast to the illustrated and described embodiment, also be designed as plates which are inserted into the corresponding fields 47 and attached to the supporting structure in a suitable manner.

[0131] The Fig. 53 bis 59 Figure 1 shows a second embodiment of a stiffening module 48. It has the two intersecting struts 49, 50 as in the previous embodiment, so reference can be made to the description therein. The difference from the previous embodiment lies in the connection of the struts 49, 50. The ends of the two struts 49, 50 are each attached to the posts 5 and the crossbeams 6 via L-shaped connecting pieces 181. The respective ends of the struts 49, 50 are shaped such that they connect seamlessly to the two legs 182, 183 of the connecting pieces 181, which are arranged at right angles to each other. As can be seen from the Fig. 55 and 56 As can be seen, the legs 182, 183 of the connecting pieces 181 can have the same height, width, and thickness. Depending on the application, the legs 182, 183 can also differ in width, height, and thickness.

[0132] To ensure that the struts 49, 50 are securely fastened to the posts 5 and the crossbeams 6, the legs 182, 183 preferably have the same width as the posts 5 and the crossbeams 6 ( Fig. 55 bis 57 ). The struts 49, 50 of the stiffening module 48, however, are narrower than the posts 5 and the crossbeams 6 as well as the connecting pieces 181 ( Fig. 55 bis 57 Therefore, the struts 49, 50 do not project transversely beyond the fields 47 of the facade support elements 1, in accordance with the previous embodiment.

[0133] The legs 182, 183 of the connecting pieces 181 are plate-shaped and lie flat against the outer surfaces of the posts 5 and the crossbeams 6. Advantageously, the legs 182, 183 are screwed to the posts 5 and the crossbeams 6. This allows the stiffening modules 49 to be easily replaced if necessary.

[0134] The connecting pieces 181 are advantageously welded to the ends of the struts 49, 50. Since the struts 49, 50 are attached to both the posts 5 and the crossbeams 6 via the connecting pieces 181, optimal stiffening is achieved.

[0135] Based on Fig. 58 The assembly of the stiffening modules 48, as well as the posts 5 and the crossbeams 6, will be explained in more detail.

[0136] The in Fig. 58 The recognizable upper and lower ends of the superimposed posts 5 are formed as described. A connecting strip 184 engages in each of the opposite ends of the posts 5, engaging between the webs 12, 13, 17, 18 of the connections 7 of the posts 5. The connecting strips 184 also extend between the coupling elements 23, which are connected to the posts 5 as described. The connection between the coupling elements 23 and the connecting strips 184 is made by a screw connection, for example, by fastening screws 90 and nuts 91, as will be shown later with reference to Fig. 34 as will be described. The fastening screws 90 pass through the connections 7 of the posts 5, the coupling elements 23 and the connecting strips 184 in the manner described. The connecting strips 184 abut each other with their end faces between the coupling elements 23 ( Fig. 59 , top left image).

[0137] In the assembled position, the posts 5 lie with their end faces against each other in the manner described, with the connecting strip 184 concealed within the posts 5.

[0138] The coupling elements 23 are inserted into the posts 5 in the manner described so that they protrude outwards in a horizontal direction through the slots 19, 20; 21, 22 of the connections 7 of the posts 5.

[0139] Connecting elements 185, 186 serve to attach the crossbeams 6 to the posts 5. They are fastened to the opposite longitudinal sides 187, 188 of the posts 5, preferably by means of screw connections. The crossbeams 6 are slid onto the connecting elements 185, 186 and then connected to them, in particular by screwing. The crossbeams 6 are designed as rectangular hollow profile tubes in cross-section, as described, with their inner surfaces abutting the outer surfaces of the connecting elements 185, 186. The end faces of the crossbeams 6 abut the longitudinal sides 187, 188 of the posts 5. Fig. 57 ), wherein the connecting elements 185, 186 are concealed within the crossbeams 6.

[0140] The connecting element 185 has an essentially U-shaped cross-section ( Fig. 60 und 61 ) and is designed as a profile part, in particular as an extruded profile part, which enables simple and cost-effective manufacturing.

[0141] The connecting element 185 has a web 189 that connects two parallel legs 190, 191. The web 189 has through-holes 192 for screws 193 ( Fig. 63 ), with which the connecting element 185 can be attached to post 5. As shown in the diagram. Fig. 62 As can be seen, the screws 193 pass through the post 5 and the web 189 of the connecting element 185 located on the other side of the post 5. A nut 194 is screwed onto the protruding end of the screws 192. The nuts 194 are used to clamp the two connecting elements 185 on both sides of the post 5 against the corresponding longitudinal sides of the post 5.

[0142] In the embodiment according to the Fig. 62 bis 66 Identical connecting elements 185 are provided on both sides of post 5, with which the crossbeams 6 can be attached to post 5. As can be seen from the Fig. 61 bis 63 As can be seen, further screw connections are provided for fastening the crossbeam 6 to the connecting element 185 on the top and on one side wall of the crossbeam 6.

[0143] The leg 190 preferably has a thickening 195 extending along its length at half its width ( Fig. 62 ), in which at least two threaded bores 196 are provided. In the exemplary embodiment, the leg 190 has three spaced-apart threaded bores 196 into which screws 197 passing through the top of the cross member 6 are inserted ( Fig. 63 und 64 ) are screwed in. The thickening 195 is so thick that the threaded holes 196 are sufficiently long to securely fasten the crossbeam 6 with the screws 197.

[0144] According to the Fig. 60 und 61 In the corner areas of the connecting element 185, inwardly projecting, circular-section thickenings 198 are provided, extending over the length of the legs 190, 191, and each having a threaded bore 199 in its center, into which screws 200 can be screwed. They extend through openings 201 in one side wall of the crossbeam 6 ( Fig. 65 ).

[0145] Instead of the threaded holes 199, the thickenings 198 can also have unthreaded holes. In this case, self-tapping screws 201 are used.

[0146] As from Fig. 59 As can be seen, the superimposed connecting elements 185 are each rotated by 180° and attached to the posts 5 such that the screws 197 on the opposing legs 190 of the connecting elements 185 face each other. Accordingly, the immediately adjacent crossbeams 6 are each arranged rotated by 180° relative to each other ( Fig. 59 ), so that the openings 202 for the screws 197 are present on the facing longitudinal sides of the adjacent crossbeams 6. This ensures that the screws do not protrude into the bays 47 of the supporting structure.

[0147] The connecting elements 185 are used wherever no stiffening modules 48 are used within the supporting structure in the bays 47. In those bays 47 in which the stiffening modules 48 are used, the connecting elements 186 are used to fasten the crossbeams 6 to the posts 5, as shown by way of example in Fig. 53 As shown. In these fields, in addition to the crossbeams 6, the struts 49, 50 of the stiffening modules 48 must also be attached. The connecting elements 186 are used to attach not only the crossbeams 6, but also the connecting pieces 181 of the struts 49, 50 of the stiffening module 48.

[0148] The connecting element 186 has a tubular support body 203 ( Fig. 59 ), which is designed as a hollow body and adapted to the inner cross-section of the crossbeam 6, so that its inner surfaces rest against the outer surfaces of the support body 203. At one end, the support body 203 is closed by a flat strip 204, which has the same outer circumference as the support body 203, so that it does not protrude beyond the support body.

[0149] The strip 204 has through-holes 205 for screws 206 ( Fig. 55 and 59 ), which are screwed into threaded holes 207 in the connecting strip 184 ( Fig. 55 and 59 ). The threaded bores 207 are provided in the area above and below the coupling elements 23 ( Fig. 59 ), which are also connected to the connecting strip 184 in the manner described.

[0150] In the installed position, the strip 204 of the connecting elements 186 lies on the corresponding longitudinal side 188 ( Fig. 54 ) of post 5. The screws 206 protrude through the corresponding openings 27 ( Fig. 13 ) in post 5.

[0151] As the Fig. 54 and 57 As shown, the connecting element 186 is completely enclosed in the crossbeam 6 in its installed position, which rests with its front face against the post 5.

[0152] The connecting pieces 181 of the struts 49, 50 of the stiffening modules 48 lie with their horizontal legs 183 on the top or bottom of the crossbeam 6 ( Fig. 54 On the opposite side of the crossbeam 6, a counter plate 208 rests against the crossbeam 6 and is pulled against it by nuts 209. The nuts 209 are mounted on screws 210, which pass through the legs 183 of the connecting pieces 181, the crossbeam 6, the connecting element 186, and the counter plate 208.

[0153] The counter plates 208 have the same width as the crossbeam 106 or the leg 183 of the connecting pieces 181, so that they do not protrude laterally beyond the crossbeam.

[0154] How Fig. 58 As shown, in the area where there are no stiffening modules 48, the connecting elements 185 are used (left half in Fig. 58 ), while in the area where the stiffening modules 48 are present, the connecting elements 186 are used (right half in Fig. 58 ).

[0155] Fig. 26 shows a building containing the supporting structure, which has a flat roof 53 accordingly Fig. 1e The building has three floors (54 to 56) separated by floors (57, 58). Floor (57, 58) of the uppermost floor (55, 56) also forms the ceiling of the lower floor (54, 55). Floors (57, 58) feature floor elements (8, 9) and are finished according to requirements.

[0156] Fig. 27 An example of such a constructed floor 57 is shown. The floor 58, which has the floor elements 9, is constructed in the same way, for example.

[0157] How Fig. 27 As shown by way of example, the upper surface of the floor 57 is provided with a floor covering 59, which can be, for example, a carpet, a parquet floor, and the like. The floor covering 59 is attached to a substrate 60, which can be designed in a known manner.

[0158] The substrate 60 can be attached to an intermediate insulating layer 61. This covers an upper covering layer 62, which in turn covers an insulation layer 63.

[0159] The floor elements 8 are provided on their underside with a cover layer 64, which, in the installed position of the floor elements 8, forms part of the ceiling of the floor 54. The cover layer 64 can be designed in any conceivable way. It covers, as do the floor covering 59, the substrate 60, the intermediate insulation layer 61, and the top layer 62, the entire surface of the floor elements 8.

[0160] The upper and lower layers 59 to 62; 64 cover a border 65 which defines the narrow sides 33, 34 ( Fig. 11 ) cover the floor elements 8.

[0161] The floor elements 8 are placed next to each other in the manner described ( Fig. 11 ) attached to post 5 of the supporting structure. In Fig. 27 One of the coupling elements 23 is shown with dashed lines, with which the respective floor element 8 is attached to the connection 7 of the respective post 5 in the manner described.

[0162] Facade elements 66 are attached to the visible facade side of the supporting structure; in the exemplary embodiment, these are glass windows.

[0163] A retaining structure 67 serves to hold the facade elements 66, with which the facade elements 66 are attached to and held on the supporting structure.

[0164] The construction of the support structure 67 is based on the Fig. 6 and 7 It is explained in more detail below. It has beams 68 extending vertically along the supporting structure, arranged at the height of the posts 5 and connected to each other by crossbeams 69, which extend at the height of the crossbeams 6 of the facade support elements 1, 1'. The beams 68 and the crossbeams 69 are advantageously hollow profiles with a rectangular cross-section.

[0165] As from the Fig. 6 and 7As can be seen, the crossbeams 69 are wider than the beams 68. The beams 68 are butted together and firmly connected. The crossbeams 69 are arranged at a distance from the upper and lower ends of the beams 68.

[0166] The supports 68 and the crossbeams 69 of the support structure 67 are designed in such a way that they conceal the posts 5 and the crossbeams 6, viewed from the facade side.

[0167] The posts 5 are provided on their end face facing the support structure 67 with elastically flexible sealing strips 70, 71 extending along their length, which are suitably attached to the post end face, for example by gluing. The sealing strips 70, 71 are positioned so that they extend from the respective longitudinal side 72, 73 of the posts 5 ( Fig. 28 bis 33 ). The sealing strips 70, 71 therefore do not protrude laterally beyond the front face of the posts 5.

[0168] The crossbeams 6 are also provided with sealing strips 74, 75 on their end faces facing the crossbeams 69 of the support structure 67, which, like the sealing strips 70, 71, are spaced apart from each other ( Fig. 29 The sealing strips 74, 75 are positioned so that they do not protrude beyond the top surface 76 or the bottom surface 77 of the crossbeams 6. Advantageously, the corresponding edges of the sealing strips 74, 75 lie in the same plane as the top surface 76 or the bottom surface 77.

[0169] The supports 68 of the support structure 67 are provided with further elastically flexible sealing strips 78, 79, which are located on the side of the supports 68 facing the posts 5. They are spaced apart from one another and are attached to the supports 68 in such a way that they do not project laterally beyond the longitudinal sides 80, 81. Advantageously, the edges of the sealing strips 78, 79 facing away from each other are flush with the longitudinal sides 80, 81 of the support 68. Fig. 32 ).

[0170] The crossbeams 69 of the support structure 67 are also provided with corresponding elastically flexible sealing strips 82, 83 ( Fig. 30 ), which are attached at a distance from each other on the side facing the crossbeam 6 in a suitable manner, for example by adhesive. The sealing strips 82, 83 do not protrude beyond the top 84 and the bottom 85 of the crossbeam 69. Advantageously, the longitudinal edges of the sealing strips 82, 83 facing away from each other are flush with the top 84 and the bottom 85.

[0171] All sealing strips 70, 71; 74, 785; 78, 79; 82, 83 are advantageously of the same design and are advantageously made of the same material.

[0172] As from the Fig. 27 and 28 As can be seen, the sealing strips of the posts 5 and the crossbeams 6 are opposite the sealing strips of the beams 68 and the crossbeams 69 of the retaining structure 67 in the installed position.

[0173] The elastically compliant sealing strips ensure that no gaps form in the installed position between the facade elements 66 and the posts 5 and crossbeams 6 of the supporting structure, as well as between the beams 68 and crossbeams 69 of the retaining structure 67. As can be seen from the Fig. 27 and 28 As can be seen, the facade elements 66 lie flat against the corresponding sealing strips in the respective edge area, which are elastically deformed and thus also contribute to the sealing between the facade elements 66 and the supporting structure or the retaining structure 67.

[0174] As especially from Fig. 33 As can be seen, the facade element 66, designed as a glass window, has three glass panes 86 spaced one behind the other, separated along their edges by spacers 87. The outer and inner glass panes 86 are in a sealing position against the corresponding sealing strips 70, 71; 78, 79 of the mullions 5 and the supports 68.

[0175] Similarly, the outer and inner glass panes 86 are sealed against the sealing strips 74, 75 of the crossbeams 6 and against the sealing strips 82, 83 of the crossbeams 69. Suitable materials for the sealing strips include, for example, EPDM, silicone, or similar materials.

[0176] In the supporting structure of the finished building, the spaces between the crossbeams 6 of the supporting structure are filled with insulating material 88 ( Fig. 27 ) filled. Any suitable material that can be used for building insulation is suitable for this purpose.

[0177] The connection between the load-bearing structure and the support structure 67 is made in the spaces between the crossbeams 6 of the load-bearing structure. The facade elements 66 are held to the building or to the load-bearing structure in such a way that a space 89 ( Fig. 33 ) is present, in which the connection between the supporting structure and the retaining structure 67 is made.

[0178] The Fig. 48 bis 52 They show exemplary possibilities of how the connection between the supporting structure and the retaining structure 67 can be designed.

[0179] In the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 48 The support structure 67 has a profile section 157 attached to the end face of the vertical posts 5, which extends over the length of the post 5 and is welded to it. The width of the profile section 157 advantageously corresponds to the width of the post 5.

[0180] The profile part 157 forms a seal and lies flat against the front face of the post 5 and is provided on both of its longitudinal edges with a thickening 158 which extends over the length of the profile part 157 and is provided at its front face with a strip-shaped sealing element 159 which seals against the adjacent glass pane 86 of the facade elements 66.

[0181] The profile part 157 is provided with a receptacle 160 extending transversely from the post 5 at half its width and over the length of the profile part 157.

[0182] The receptacle 160 contains spaced-apart retaining elements 161 into which screws 162 are screwed. The retaining elements 161 are dowel-shaped and are expanded by the insertion of the screws 162, thereby pressing them firmly against the wall of the receptacle 160.

[0183] The receptacle 160 is open towards the post 5, so that the retaining parts 161 can simply be inserted into the receptacle 160 before the profile part 157 is attached to the post 5.

[0184] The profile section 157 with the receptacle 160 is advantageously formed in one piece from a steel profile. The profile section 157 can be manufactured cost-effectively as an extruded profile. It can be welded or glued to the end face 156 of the post 5.

[0185] The sealing elements 159 of the profile section 156 are located near the edges of the adjacent facade elements 66. The screws 162 extend through the gap 89 between horizontally adjacent facade elements 66 and connect the vertically extending support 68 of the retaining structure to the opposite and parallel profile section 157. The screws 162 and the associated retaining elements 161 are arranged one above the other over the height of the profile section 157 and the support 68, so that the support 68 can be reliably connected to the profile section 157.

[0186] The hollow beam 68 has a sealing element 163 on its side facing the profile section 157. This sealing element extends over the height of the beam 68 and is provided with projecting sealing lips 164 along its longitudinal edges. These lips seal against the outer surface of the outer glass pane 86 of the horizontally adjacent facade elements 66. The screws 162 allow the sealing lips 164 to be pressed firmly against the glass panes 86, thus achieving a reliable seal between the beam 68 and the facade elements 66.

[0187] The sealing lips 164 are located at approximately the same height opposite the sealing elements 159 of the profile part 157.

[0188] The sealing element 163 is advantageously provided on a strip 165, which is part of the support 68 and onto which a cover part 166 can be screwed. The cover part 166 is approximately U-shaped, with the free ends of the legs of the cover part 166 being provided with locking lugs 167 that engage in corresponding locking recesses 168 of the strip 165.

[0189] During assembly, the strip 165 is first connected to the profile part 157 using the screws 162. The screws 162 are easily accessible for assembly, allowing for simple installation of the cover part 166. The cover part 166 is then clipped onto the strip 165, thus concealing the screw heads.

[0190] During training accordingly Fig. 49 The support 68 is designed in the same way as in the embodiment according to Fig. 48The profile section 157 is screwed to the end face of the vertical post 5 using screws 169. In contrast to the previous embodiment, the profile section 157 has a strip-shaped fastening element 170, which is attached to the post 5 by the screws 169. The longitudinal edges of the fastening element 170 are partially surrounded by the sealing element 159, which extends over the length of the fastening element 170 and seals against the adjacent glass pane 86 of the horizontally adjacent facade elements 66.

[0191] The fastening part 170 is provided with the receptacle 160, which is advantageously formed integrally with the fastening part 170.

[0192] In contrast to the previous embodiment, the sealing element 159 is a separate part connected to the fastening part 170, which is made of metal or a hard plastic. The sealing element 159 also surrounds the receptacle 160 into which the screws 162 are screwed. Advantageously, these screws are designed as self-tapping screws, which, when screwed in, create the thread in the inner wall of the receptacle 160.

[0193] The sealing element 159 is designed to cover or surround the strip-shaped mounting part 170 and the receptacle 160 at a distance. The free end of the receptacle 160 is covered by the sealing element 159. The screws 162 penetrate this part of the sealing element 159 when they are screwed into the receptacle 160.

[0194] The screws 162 are used to press the support 68 against the facade element 66 from the outside in the manner described, whereby the sealing lips 164 are in a sealing position against the outer glass pane 68 of the horizontally adjacent facade element 6.

[0195] The exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 50 is similarly designed to the embodiment according to Fig. 49 The only difference is that the vertical post 5 is no longer a hollow metal body, but is made of solid wood. The profile part 157 is attached to the post 5 with wood screws 171. The profile part 157 rests against the vertical end face 156 of the post 5 with its fastening element 170. Otherwise, the retaining structure 167 comprising the profile part 157 is designed in the same way as in the previous embodiment.

[0196] Fig. 51 Figure 147 shows the possibility of connecting the profile part 157 and the support 68 of the retaining structure 67 to each other by means of threaded sleeves 172. The profile part 147 has the fastening part 170, both longitudinal edges of which are provided with the thickening 158. The fastening part 170 is essentially designed the same way as in the embodiment according to Figure 147. Fig. 48 In contrast to the embodiment according to Fig. 48 The mounting part 170 has no recesses for screwing in screws.

[0197] The thickenings 158 are provided on their end faces facing the facade elements 66 with the lip-shaped sealing elements 159, which seal against the adjacent glass pane 86 of the facade elements 66.

[0198] The fastening part 170 is advantageously made of plastic and is glued or welded to the front face 156 of the post 5, for example.

[0199] The support 68 of the holding structure 67 is designed in the same way as in the embodiments according to the Fig. 48 bis 50 .

[0200] Threaded studs 173 project perpendicularly from the fastening element 170 of the profile part 157 and are arranged at intervals along the length of the fastening element 170. Advantageously, the threaded studs 173 are arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the fastening element 170.

[0201] Threaded sleeves 172 are screwed onto the threaded studs 173. It is advantageous to screw the threaded sleeves 172 onto the threaded studs 173 until they reach a stop position, thus ensuring precise positioning of the threaded sleeves 172 in a simple manner. The threaded sleeves 172 protrude beyond the threaded studs 173. Threaded studs 174 are screwed into these protruding ends of the threaded sleeves 172, securing the support 68 of the retaining structure 67. The threaded studs 174 pass through the sealing element 163 and the strip 165. The head of the threaded studs 174 rests against the strip 165, which is advantageously made of a hard plastic or metal.

[0202] When screwing the screws 162 into the threaded sleeves 172, the cover part 166 is not yet mounted, so that the threaded studs 174 are easily accessible for assembly.

[0203] In the embodiment according to Fig. 52 The receptacle 160 is provided on the vertical post 5, preferably formed in one piece. The post 5, designed as a hollow beam, is provided on its end face 156 with a projecting web 175 on both longitudinal edges, against the end face of which the profile part 157 of the retaining structure 67 rests.

[0204] The profile section 157 has, at the level of the thickenings 158, semicircular interlocking elements 176 projecting from its end face, which engage in complementary counter-interlocking elements 174 in the end faces of the webs 175. The interlocking connection thus formed is designed such that the profile section 157 cannot be pulled off the post 5 transversely to the longitudinal direction of the counter-interlocking elements 177.

[0205] The receptacles 160 are surrounded by the profile part 157 and close the insertion openings into the receptacles 160.

[0206] Advantageously, the areas of the profile section 147 surrounding the receptacles 160 project beyond the receptacles 160 towards the support 68 of the retaining structure 67. These projecting areas facilitate the insertion of the screws 162 into the receptacles 160.

[0207] The support 68 is designed according to the previous embodiments and is firmly connected to the post 5 by means of the screws 162. When the screws are inserted, the part of the profile section 157 that closes the insertion opening of the receptacles 160 is pierced.

[0208] The screws 162 are advantageously designed to be self-tapping, so that when screwed into the receptacles 160 they create the corresponding thread in the inner wall of the receptacles 160.

[0209] Fig. 34 shows how two adjacent elements 8, 9 of the floor 57, 58 are connected to a common post 5. As shown by Fig. 11 As has been explained, the floor elements 8, 9 are provided on their long sides 30, 31 with the plate-shaped coupling elements 23, which are inserted into the slots 19 to 22 of the stacked posts 5 ( Fig. 17 The free ends of the coupling elements 23 are received by the receptacles 24, 25 of the post 5 in the manner described. Fastening screws 90, extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the post 5, are inserted through the through-openings 27, 28 of the post 5 and the coupling elements 28, respectively. The fastening screws 90 also pass through the webs 12, 13, 17, 18 of the post 5. The fastening screws 90 are secured by nuts 91, which are screwed onto the end of the fastening screws 90 that projects beyond the post 5. The fastening screws 90 ensure a secure connection of the elements 8, 9 of the shelves 57, 58 to the post 5 and its connections 7.

[0210] For example, as can be seen from Fig. 17 As a result, the connections 7 of the stacked posts 5 each have several through-openings 27 for the fastening screws 90. The coupling elements 23 are also provided with corresponding through-openings 28. This makes it possible, for example, to connect the coupling elements 23, and thus the base elements 8, 9, to both the lower post 5 and the upper post 5 using four fastening screws 90 each. Depending on the design of the coupling elements 23 and the connections 7 of the posts 5, a different number of fastening screws may be required.

[0211] In the same way as described above, the ceiling elements 10 of the flat roof 53 can also be connected to the posts 5 of the supporting structure using the coupling elements 23.

[0212] The Fig. 35 und 36 show the possibility of forming post 5 from two parts 5a, 5b, which can be joined together to form post 5.

[0213] The two-part post is used where two facade support elements 1 are joined together. As exemplified by: Fig. 19 As explained above, the facade support element 1 has several posts 5 connected to each other by the crossbeams 6. To prevent posts 5 that are twice as wide from being present in the area where two facade support elements 1 meet, it is advantageous to provide post parts 5a and 5b at both ends of the facade support element.

[0214] Fig. 35 shows two adjacent facade support elements 1, of which the one in Fig. 35 left facade support element 1 on its right side the post part 5a and the in Fig. 35 The right facade support element 1 has the post section 5b on its left side. The two post sections 5a, 5b are designed as plug-in parts that can be plugged together perpendicular to the plane of the facade support elements 1.

[0215] As with the one-piece posts, the slots 19 to 22 for the coupling elements 23 are subsequently added to the two-piece posts at the required location and in the required shape.

[0216] Post section 5a has the longitudinal wall 92, which connects two transverse walls 93 and 94 perpendicular to it. The transverse wall 93 is wider than the opposite transverse wall 94.

[0217] As an example, the web 13 projects inwards from the transverse wall 93 at half its width. At the free edge, a web section 12a projects vertically inwards from the transverse wall 93. On its side facing the web 13, the web section 12a is provided with superimposed interlocking elements 95, which are arranged one above the other in the longitudinal direction of the post section 5a at a distance from each other. These serve, in a manner to be described later, to connect the two post sections 5a and 5b to each other in a form-fitting manner.

[0218] The interlocking parts 95 are advantageously mushroom-shaped and have a foot 96 projecting transversely from the web part 12a, at the free end of which a head 97 is provided, which has a larger diameter than the foot 96. The head 97 of the interlocking parts 95 is spaced from the opposite web 13.

[0219] A U-shaped web section 18a adjoins the free edge of the transverse wall 94 and projects vertically inwards from the transverse wall 94.

[0220] Profile part 5b is designed the same as profile part 5a, but is rotated by 180° for assembly and attached to the respective facade support element 1.

[0221] The profile section 5b has the web 17, which is provided in half the width of the transverse wall 93.

[0222] The U-shaped web section 13b is provided on the opposite transverse wall 94 of the profile part 15b.

[0223] When the two profile parts 5a and 5b are joined together ( Fig. 35 ), then the web parts 12a, 18b located at the free edges of the transverse walls 93 engage in the U-shaped web parts 12b, 18a. These are designed such that the web parts 12, 18b abut the side walls of the U-shaped web parts 12b, 18a.

[0224] The free legs 98, 99 of the U-shaped web sections 12b, 18a are provided with slots (not shown) whose width corresponds to the diameter of the base 96 of the interlocking parts 95. When the two profile sections 5a, 5b are joined, the interlocking parts 95 engage with their base 96 in these slots. Advantageously, the width of the web sections 12a, 18b is slightly greater than the length of the cylindrical bases 96, which results in the web sections 12a, 18b being held firmly in the U-shaped web sections 12b, 18a. In the installed position, the heads 97 of the interlocking parts 95 rest against the outer surfaces of the legs 98, 99.

[0225] The post 5 formed from the two post parts 5a, 5b has the same external dimensions as the one-piece post 5. This ensures that the division or distance between the posts 5 lying one behind the other remains constant, even in the connection area between adjacent facade support elements 1.

[0226] Fig. 37 The enlarged view shows the connection of the flat roof 53 to the posts 5.

[0227] The flat roof 53 has the ceiling elements 10 ( Fig. 11 ), which are attached side by side to the posts 5 with the coupling elements 23 in the manner described.

[0228] On and within the ceiling elements 10 are various layers, the arrangement (structure and composition) of which depends on the function of the flat roof 53. The top surface of the flat roof 53 is formed by an upper covering layer 100, which is applied to a cover layer 101.

[0229] Another cover layer 102 lies at a distance below the cover layer 101. The space between the two cover layers 101, 102 is filled with insulating / sealing material 103.

[0230] The two covering layers 101, 102 form sealing membranes, which are advantageously bituminous membrane seals.

[0231] The lower cover layer 102 rests on a sublayer 104, which is arranged on an insulation layer 105.

[0232] The flat roof 53 is covered below by the top layer 64.

[0233] The ceiling elements 10, like the floor elements 8 and 9, are surrounded by the perimeter 65, which abuts the inner side facing the corresponding posts 5 and crossbeams 6. The underlayer 104, like the toplayer 64, covers the perimeter 65 on both the top and bottom surfaces.

[0234] The flat roof 53 is surmounted by the upper posts 5, which are limited at the top by the frame 46 ( Fig. 4 ), which is suitably attached to the posts 5. The frame 46 is formed by the crossbars 6, which connect to the facing sides of the adjacent posts 5 ( Fig. 4 ).

[0235] The two covering layers 101, 102 are designed in such a way that they seal or cover the frame 46 and the upper end faces of the posts 5 as a building seal ( Fig. 37 ).

[0236] The lower cover layer 102 rests against the inside of the posts and the crossbeams 6, while the upper cover layer 101 is spaced away from the lower cover layer 102 in this area. Both cover layers 101 and 102 lie directly against each other on the end faces of the posts 5 and the top of the crossbeams 6.

[0237] The cover layers 101, 102 extend to the facade side of the posts 5 and the crossbeams 6. The facade elements 66 provided on the facade side, which are held by the support structure 67 with the crossbeams 69 and the beams 68, are not covered by the cover layers 101, 102.

[0238] An insulation layer 107 is suitably attached between the cover layers 101, 102, which rest on the end faces of the posts 5 and on the upper crossbeams 6. The insulation layer 107 extends from the vertical part of the upper cover layer 101 to the rear of the crossbeams 69 of the support structure 67. The insulation layer 107 is covered by an approximately U-shaped cover 108, which is attached to the flat ceiling 53 in a known manner and overlaps the insulation layer 107 on the facade side and the opposite rear side.

[0239] The area between the crossbeams 6 and the posts 5 is filled with insulation 88, provided no facade elements are installed in these areas. The insulation 88 is located behind a cladding 109, which is advantageously plate-shaped and whose circumferential edge abuts the sealing strips 82, 83 of the crossbeams 69 and the sealing strips 78, 79 of the supports 68 of the support structure 67. The required contact pressure of the cladding 109 against the sealing strips 78, 79, 82, 83 is generated by an annular spacer 110, which is inserted between the support structure and the load-bearing structure with the post 5 and the crossbeams 6. The spacer 110 is designed such that it bears against the sealing strips under elastic deformation. This ensures a perfect seal of the cladding 109 with simple installation.

[0240] The supporting structure is anchored in the ground with the lower ends of the lowest posts 5 ( Fig. 38 In the exemplary embodiment, the lowest posts 5 advantageously have a shorter length than the posts 5 above them, which are located above the ground. These lower posts are attached to a foundation 111 or a corresponding base plate.

[0241] The support structure 67 terminates at a distance above the foundation 111 and a ground level 112 located in front of the building, which can have any suitable design. The lowest crossbeams 69 of the support structure 67 are spaced away from the ground level 112.

[0242] In Fig. 38 The image shows only an example of a section of a sewer pipe 113, which is located directly in front of the outer facade of the building.

[0243] On the outer side of the foundation 111 facing the ground 112, there is an insulating layer 114, which is designed in a known manner and seals the building against the subsoil or ground 112 in such a way that no moisture can penetrate into the building or the building wall. The insulating layer 114 extends to the level of the lowest crossbeams 6, 69 and covers the lowest, for example short, posts 5 on the facade side.

[0244] The vertical gap between the lowest crossbeams 69 of the support structure 67 and the floor 112 is covered by a sheet-metal cover 115, preferably made of corrosion-resistant material. The cover 115 is approximately U-shaped and extends downwards into a gap 116 between the floor 112 or the sewer pipe 113 and the insulation layer 114.

[0245] One longitudinal edge of the cover 115 is angled such that it is clamped with a vertically extending edge 117 between the compensating strip 83 of the crossbeams 69 and a spacer 118, which extends between the crossbeam 69 of the retaining structure 67 and the crossbeam 6 of the supporting structure. The spacer 118 is designed to press the edge 117 of the cover 115 firmly against the sealing strip 83, which is thereby elastically deformed and ensures a proper seal of the edge 117.

[0246] It is advantageous if the rim 117 is attached to the spacer 118 with fastening screws 119. It advantageously has a flat end face 120 facing the cross member 69, which provides optimal support for the rim 117 of the cover 115 and to which the rim 117 can be securely fastened with the screws 119.

[0247] The spaces between the short lower posts 5 are filled by the insulation 88.

[0248] At the level of the lower crossbeams 6 there is a floor 121 ( Fig. 26 and 38 ), which can be formed from the floor elements 8 or 9 in the manner described. These floor elements can be connected to the posts 5 in the manner described using the coupling elements 23. The floor elements 8 / 9 have a floor covering 122, which can be of the same design as the floor covering 59 of the floors 57, 58.

[0249] The insulation layer 114 is separated from the lower, short posts 5 and the foundation 111 by a sealing membrane 123, which is attached to the side of the posts 5 and the foundation 111 facing the supporting structure and is appropriately fastened to it.

[0250] Based on the Fig. 39 bis 41 The text describes, by way of example, how a balcony 124 can be attached to the supporting structure.

[0251] To form the balcony 124, support brackets 125 are attached to the posts 5 of the supporting structure. Depending on the width of the balcony 124, two or more such support brackets 125 are attached to the corresponding posts 5. The support brackets 125 can be attached to adjacent posts 5. Depending on the load-bearing capacity and load of the balcony 124, the support brackets 125 can also be provided only on every other post 5.

[0252] The support brackets 125 are advantageously formed by vertically arranged narrow support strips, which are held within the posts 5 by the fastening screws 90, with which the coupling elements 23 of the floor elements 8, 9 or ceiling elements 10 are also fastened in the manner described.

[0253] To enable the support brackets 125 to be inserted into the connections 7 of stacked posts 5, they are also provided with a corresponding slot 126 on their facade side. Like the slots 19 to 22, the slots 126 are also provided at the connections 7 of the stacked posts 5.

[0254] The support bracket 125 is inserted into the posts 5 or their connections 7 until the front end of the support bracket 125, in the insertion direction, engages between the two webs 17, 18 of the posts 5. The thickness of the support bracket 125 corresponds to the distance between the two webs 17, 18, so that the support bracket 125 is properly guided laterally at this end. The support bracket 125 can be pushed in until it reaches a rear wall 127 ( Fig. 31 and 40 ) to the facility.

[0255] The support bracket 125 also rests against the two inner sides of the opposing webs 12, 13 of the posts 5. The slots 126 in the connections 7 of the posts 5 have a width that corresponds to the distance between the two webs 12, 13, so that the support brackets 125 can be easily inserted into the connections 7 of the posts 5.

[0256] The support brackets 125 are provided with corresponding through-holes for the fastening screws 90, with which the support bracket 125 is fastened in the connections 7 of the posts 5.

[0257] The connections 7 of the posts 5 are designed such that the coupling elements 23 are spaced from the support brackets 125 along their length and height ( Fig. 40 This facilitates the insertion of the coupling elements 23 and the support brackets 125 into the connections 7.

[0258] The support brackets 125 are pushed into the connections 7 of the posts 5 in the area between superimposed crossbeams 6 ( Fig. 41 The support brackets are spaced vertically away from the crossbeams 6 and 69, which facilitates the insertion of the support bracket 125 into the connections 7 of the posts 5.

[0259] The support brackets 125 projecting beyond the support structure 67 support a balcony floor 128 ( Fig. 39 ), which can be designed in any suitable form.

[0260] A balcony railing 129, which can be designed in any suitable way, is attached to the outer end of the support brackets 125. In the exemplary embodiment, upwardly projecting beams 130 are attached to the free ends of the support brackets 125, preferably screwed on. A balcony wall or the like can be attached between the beams 130 in any suitable shape.

[0261] For example, a locking element 131 can be attached to the upper end of the supports 130, which is formed, for example, by a sheet metal part with an L-shaped cross-section that is screwed onto the supports 130.

[0262] Balcony 124 is also equipped with appropriate barriers on both of its transverse sides, which can be easily attached to the supports 130 and to the support structure 67.

[0263] Fig. 40a shows a variant of the embodiment according to the Fig. 39 bis 41 The support bracket 125 is insulated from the rear wall 127 and the two webs 12, 13 of the post 5 by insulators 211, 212, which act as thermal bridges. The insulator 211 is designed as a U-profile section that encloses the end of the support bracket 125 located between the webs 17, 18 of the post 5 in such a way that it has no contact with the rear wall 127 or the webs 17, 18.

[0264] The insulators 212 are flat strips that lie against the sides of the support bracket 125 and against the webs 12, 13 of the post 5.

[0265] The insulators 211, 212 are made of suitable heat-insulating material. By using thermal separation between the support brackets 125 and the posts 5 by means of the highly insulating, dimensionally stable insulators 211, 212, heat transfer (thermal bridge) from the support brackets 125 to the posts 5 is prevented.

[0266] Fig. 42 Figure 132 shows a building with a gable roof. Furthermore, this building is constructed in the same way as the building according to the... Fig. 26 bis 37 A balcony 124 can also be attached to the building in accordance with the previous embodiment.

[0267] Based on the Fig. 43 bis 45 The structure of the gable roof is explained in more detail in section 132.

[0268] The gable roof 132 has flat or thin supporting elements 133 arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the building, extending from the facade side to the ridge area 134 ( Fig. 45 ) extend. The supporting elements 133 form the rafters of the gable roof 132, which extend from the eaves 135 ( Fig. 43 ) of the roof extending to the ridge area 134.

[0269] The support elements 133 are flat, elongated components with a preferably rectangular cross-section. At their eaves-side end, the support elements 133 have an obtuse-angled coupling part 136, with which the support element 133 is attached to an upper post 5 of the support structure using the fastening screws 90.

[0270] The coupling part 136 is inserted into the corresponding receptacle 24, 25 of the connection 7 of the post 5, as described, for example, for the fastening of the base elements 8, 9. The fastening screws 90 pass through the connections 7 of the posts 5 and the coupling parts 136 of the support elements 133.

[0271] The coupling part 136 is connected to the part 137 of the support element 133, which extends towards the ridge area 134. This part 137 is preferably formed integrally with the coupling part 136, but can also be welded to it, for example. In the area near the eaves, this part 137 is also fastened with fastening screws 90 to a diagonally upward-extending support part 138, which has the same cross-sectional shape as the post 5 and is connected to it at its end face via a mitered surface 139, for example by welding.

[0272] The crossbeams 6 extend between adjacent support elements 138 and are arranged diagonally according to the inclination of the gable roof 132.

[0273] In the exemplary embodiment, three spaced-apart crossbeams 6 are provided on each of the two slopes of the gable roof 132 ( Fig. 42 ). They are identical in design and extend longitudinally along the building between the adjacent parts 137 of the load-bearing elements 133.

[0274] The load-bearing elements 133 and the crossbeams 6 of the gable roof 132 are also components of the building's load-bearing structure. The number of crossbeams 6 in the gable roof 132 depends on the size of the building or the gable roof 132.

[0275] Beams 140 extending parallel to the eaves 135 are attached to the crossbeams 6, for example by screwing them in place, and extend over the length of the building. Advantageously, the beams 140 are also attached to the parts 137 of the load-bearing elements 133, to which they run perpendicularly.

[0276] The areas between the adjacent crossbeams 6 and load-bearing elements 133 are filled with an insulating layer 141 for thermal insulation. The areas between the posts 5 and the horizontally running crossbeams 6 on the long sides of the building are also filled with the insulating layer 141.

[0277] An interior lining 142 is attached to the underside of the gable roof 132, preventing room air from the interior of the building from entering the insulation layer 141. Any suitable material can be used for the interior lining.

[0278] The interior cladding 142, which is advantageously designed to be vapor-tight, extends to the upper crossbeams 6 on the facade side of the building ( Fig. 42 and 43 ).

[0279] The area between the beams 140 is filled with a further insulating layer 143, the thickness of which corresponds to the thickness of the beams 140.

[0280] The lower insulation layer 141 is, for example, thicker than the insulation layer 143 and has a thickness that corresponds to the height of the crossbeams 6.

[0281] A roof seal 144 is applied to the upper insulation layer 143, which in the exemplary embodiment does not extend over the entire length of the insulation layer 143 ( Fig. 44 The roof sealing 144 can of course also be designed in such a way that it completely covers the insulation layer 143.

[0282] Between the frame-shaped spacer 110 and the uppermost facade-side crossbeam 69, an essentially L-shaped cover part 145 is attached ( Fig. 43 ), which seals off the area between the building facade and the adjoining gable roof 132. The cover element 145 extends over the length of the building and can, for example, be formed by a suitably bent sheet of metal.

[0283] To support the cover part 145, a support plate 146 can be provided on the rear side of the vertical leg 147 of the cover part 145. The lower edge of the support plate 146 is clamped between the uppermost crossbeam 69 and the spacer 110, just like the vertical leg 147. The cover part 145 and the support plate 146 are advantageously bonded together over their entire surface, for example, by gluing. The support plate 146 also extends over the length of the building and thus over the length of the cover part 145.

[0284] The other leg 148 of the cover part 145 is shorter than the leg 147 and serves as a support for a gutter 149. The leg 148 is firmly connected to the gutter 149, preferably by gluing it. However, it is also possible for the leg 146 to simply rest against the gutter 149 and support it transversely to its longitudinal direction.

[0285] The gutter 149 is formed by a U-shaped curved lower edge of a thin cover piece 150, the upper edge of which is attached to the end faces of the beams 140. The cover piece 150 lies at a distance from the support piece 138 ( Fig. 43 ).

[0286] The gutter 149 is located at a distance in front of the facade of the building. For example, the gutter 149 extends to the level of the uppermost crossbeam 69 of the supporting structure ( Fig. 43 ).

[0287] The gable roof 132 is provided with roof battens 151 running lengthwise along the building and perpendicular to the supporting elements 133. These battens extend over the length of the gable roof 132 and are used, for example, to hold roof tiles 152. They are held on the roof in a known manner by means of the roof battens 151, which are attached to the beams 140.

[0288] Fig. 44 Figure 1 shows how the beams 140 are attached to the respective crossbeam 6 via a screw connection (dashed line). The roof battens 151 are attached to the beams 140, extending perpendicular to them and fastened to the beams 140 in the usual manner with nails. The roof battens 151 form the roof counter battens. The roof battens 151 rest on the beams 140 with the roof waterproofing membrane 144 in between.

[0289] In the ridge area 134 of the gable roof 132, the two sloping gable roof sections meet. In this area, the supporting elements 133 are connected to each other at obtuse angles ( Fig. 45 ).

[0290] The roof waterproofing 144 extends over the ridge 153 in the ridge area 143.

[0291] In the transition area between the two sloping roof sections, below the roof waterproofing 144 are the two insulation layers 143, 144, which are covered downwards by the interior lining 142.

[0292] The ridge 153 is covered by ridge tiles 154, which are semicircular in cross-section and are held in a known manner on the ridge-side roof tiles 152 of both sloping roof sections. The ridge tiles 154 extend the length of the roof and enclose a ventilation space 155, which is bounded above by the ridge tiles 154 and below by the gable roof 132. The ventilation space 155 allows for simple roof ventilation.

[0293] Fig. 47 Figure 1 shows the possibility of using infill panels 178 on the building roof instead of roof tiles. These infill panels can, for example, be photovoltaic modules that are attached to the roof using fasteners 179. They are, for example, flat, rectangular profile tubes extending perpendicular to the load-bearing elements 133 and parallel to the crossbeams 6, resting on adjacent infill panels 178 with sealing elements 180 in between. The fasteners 179 are advantageously screwed to the crossbeams 6.

[0294] The infill panels 178 are clamped and securely held on the roof using the fastening elements 179.

[0295] Furthermore, the building roof is designed in the same way as in the previous embodiment.

[0296] Fig. 67 shows a connection of a beam 214 for large spans inside the building.

[0297] The coupling element 23 is designed as a rectangular plate and is provided on one end face with a flange 213 extending perpendicular to it, which is advantageously formed integrally with it. The flange 213 projects laterally by the same distance beyond the coupling element 23, and the support 214, designed as a double-T beam, is attached to its outer side. It has the same height and width as the flange 213.

[0298] The upper connections 7 of the respective lower posts 5 are designed according to the previous embodiment. The plate-shaped coupling element is inserted into the connection 7 until it rests against the rear wall 127. The coupling element 23 projects from the (not shown) slot in the upper connection 7 so that the flange 213, with its outer surface facing away from the support 214, lies flat against the end face of the post 5. The width of the flange 213 corresponds to the width of the associated narrow side of the post 5, so that it does not project laterally beyond the post 5. The flange 213 provides secure support for the support 214 against the post 5.

[0299] The coupling element 23 is fastened to connection 7 in the manner described, using the fastening screws 90 and the nuts 91, which are in Fig. 34 can be seen.

[0300] The lower connection 7 of each upper post 5 has the slot 21, which is deep enough that the stacked posts 5 butt against each other with their end faces (right half in Fig. 67 ).

[0301] The width of the slots in the two post connections 7 corresponds to the thickness of the coupling element 23, which is thus securely held against lateral movements in the two connections 7.

[0302] In the area of ​​the lower connection 7, the connection between the post 5 and the coupling element 23 is also made by the screws 90 and the (not shown) nuts, with which a firm connection between the post 5 and the coupling element 23 can be made in the manner described.

[0303] A balcony or canopy can be easily attached to the supports 214.

[0304] Fig. 68The figure shows, by way of example, the connection of the posts 5 to the ground, such as a foundation 215 or a base plate which may be provided on the ground, by means of an adjustment device.

[0305] This adjustment device has an adjustment plate 216, which, for example, has a rectangular outline. A retaining plate 217, extending perpendicular to the adjustment plate 216, is attached to it, preferably by welding. The lower end of the post 5 is attached to the retaining plate 217, which stands upright perpendicular to the adjustment plate 216. The connection is made via screw connections 218, with which the post 5 can be connected to the retaining plate 217.

[0306] The foundation 215 is provided with two parallel guides 219 designed as recesses, along which the adjusting plate 216 can be moved.

[0307] Each of the guides 219 houses a threaded pin 220, which is adjustable within the guides 210 by means of a guide element (not shown) and projects upwards through elongated openings 221 in the adjusting plate 216. The openings 221 extend perpendicular to the guides 219 and are provided on their longitudinal sides 222 with fine teeth 223, into which a mating tooth 224 of an adjusting element 225 engages.

[0308] The adjusting element 225 has a flat base body 226, on the underside of which a toothed element 227 is provided. The base body 226 projects beyond the toothed element 227 on all sides. The width of the toothed element 227 corresponds to the width of the openings 221. On the opposing outer sides of the toothed element 227, mating teeth 224 are provided, which engage with the teeth 223 of the openings 221.

[0309] The base body 226 is so wide that, in the mounted position, it rests on the top of the adjustment plate 2167.

[0310] The adjusting element 225 is centrally penetrated by an opening 228, through which the threaded pin 220 projects in the installed position. A nut 230 is screwed onto the end of the threaded pin 220 that projects beyond the base body 226, with a washer 229 interposed, thereby holding the adjusting element 225 on the threaded pins 220.

[0311] With the aid of the adjusting element 225, the adjusting plate 216, and thus the post 5, can be positioned perpendicular to the guides 219. For this purpose, the nuts 230 are loosened so that the adjusting elements 225, with their toothed elements 227, can be inserted into the correct position within the openings 221. As a result of the toothed engagement, the position of the post 5 is then securely fixed after the nut 230 is tightened.

[0312] The tooth width determines the dimension by which the adjusting plate 216 and thus the post 5 can be finely positioned relative to the foundation 215.

[0313] Since the threaded pins 220 can also be finely adjusted along the guides 219 with the (not shown) guide elements, the post 5 can be positioned very precisely and sensitively in two mutually perpendicular directions.

[0314] Advantageously, the longitudinal sides of the guides 219 are also provided with toothing into which the guide element engages with corresponding mating teeth, so that the position of the post 5 in the longitudinal direction of the guides 219 can also be reliably fixed. In this way, tolerances can be easily compensated for during the assembly of the posts 5.

Claims

1. Buildings such as single-family houses, terraced houses, office buildings, factory buildings and the like, with building walls, at least one floor and a roof, characterized in that the building wall has a supporting structure made up of upright posts (5) which are connected to one another by cross beams (6) and which, with the posts (5), delimit installation fields (2 to 4) for facade elements (48, 66) which are connected to the supporting structure in such a way that the facade elements (48, 66) absorb the loads of the building wall as a supporting structure.

2. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the posts (5) of the support structure have, at least at the upper end, a connection (7) which is preferably provided on the part of the post (5) projecting over the cross member (6), which is preferably designed as a plug-in connection which has at least two plug-in receptacles (24, 25) for coupling elements (23), which are preferably plate-shaped.

3. Building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in thatthe post (5) is designed as a hollow profile post.

4. Building according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the post (5) has a further connection (7) at its lower end, which is preferably designed as a plug connection.

5. Building according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that a slot (19, 20) in the outside of the post (5) opens into the plug-in receptacle (24, 25), wherein the plug-in receptacle (24, 25) and the slot (19, 20) are preferably open in the direction of the free end of the post (5).

6. Building, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the connections (7) and the coupling elements (23) form nodes via which the supporting structure is connected to the floor (8, 9) or the ceiling (10).

7. Building according to one of claims 1 to 6. characterized in thatthe cross members (6) are hollow profile parts which rest with their ends on connecting elements (185, 186) which are fastened to the outer side (187, 188) of the posts (5) and preferably lie completely within the cross member (6), which rests with its end face on the outer side (187, 188) of the post (5).

8. Building according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the floor and / or the ceiling is formed by floor elements (8, 9) or ceiling elements (10) which are connected to one another in a manner lying against one another, wherein preferably at least some of the floor elements (8, 9) and the ceiling elements (10) are provided with the coupling element (23).

9. Building according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the coupling element (23) connects two posts (5) arranged one above the other and the floor (8, 9) and / or the ceiling (10) to one another, preferably protruding beyond the floor (8, 9) or the ceiling (10).

10. Building according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the coupling element (23) within the plug-in receptacle (24, 25) of the post (5) is penetrated by at least one fastening element, preferably a screw.

11. Building according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the facade element is a stiffening module (48) which is connected to the post (5) by connecting pieces (51, 181).

12. Building according to claim 11, characterized in that the connecting pieces (51) of the stiffening module (48) are plate-shaped and are connected to the outside of the posts (5), preferably by screwing.

13. Building according to claim 11, characterized in that the connecting pieces (181) of the stiffening module (48) are L-shaped and are attached to the outside (187, 188) of the post (54) and to the outside of the cross member (6).

14. Building according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in thatthe facade elements are partially formed by glass elements (66) which are connected to the posts (5) by a clamping device (68, 69), wherein preferably the glass element (66) can be clamped against the end face of the posts (5) by the clamping device (68, 69) with at least one seal (74, 75) interposed.

15. Building, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the roof has supporting elements (133) running in the vertical direction of the roof, each of which is firmly connected to a coupling part (136) which engages in the plug-in receptacle (24, 25) of the posts (5).

16. Building according to claim 15, characterized in that on the support elements (133) infill elements (178), such as photovoltaic modules, are fastened, which are advantageously clamped against the support elements (133) by means of a clamping device (179), preferably with the interposition of at least one seal (180).

17. Building according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in thatthe post (5) is horizontally adjustable, preferably three-dimensionally adjustable, by means of an adjusting device.

18. Building according to claim 17, characterized in that the adjusting device comprises at least one support (216) on which the lower end of the post (5) is fastened and which is adjustable in two mutually perpendicular directions, wherein the support (216) is advantageously secured in its respective position by tooth engagement of at least one adjusting element (225).

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