Liner element for a combustion chamber

Abstract

In a process for manufacturing a lining element (1), in particular a sliding grate element for a combustion chamber of a combustion plant, a support element (3) made of a metal or a metal alloy is provided with a wear layer (2) at least on one surface. The wear layer (2) is present as a planar element, wherein the wear layer (2) is bonded to the surface of the support element (3) in a metallurgical manner.

Description

Technical area

[0001] The invention relates to a method for producing a lining element, in particular a moving grate element for a combustion chamber of a furnace, comprising a support element made of a metal or a metal alloy, wherein the support element is provided with a wear layer on at least one front side. Furthermore, the invention relates to a lining element produced by the method. State of the art

[0002] Lining elements for combustion chambers in furnaces are subject to particular stresses, especially when used for the combustion of solid fuels or domestic and / or commercial waste. In the latter case, it is difficult to predict what materials will be fed into the combustion chamber. The lining elements are therefore subject to not only thermal but also abrasive and corrosive stresses.

[0003] Typical combustion chambers comprise grate elements and wall elements of a combustion chamber as lining elements. Furthermore, the lining elements can also comprise elements for the feed unit that feeds the fuel into the combustion chamber. The lining elements, particularly those lining elements that are exposed to the heat of the combustion chamber during operation, are generally cooled to extend their service life. Cooling can be achieved with process air, but cooling with a cooling liquid, particularly water, is better. For this purpose, it is known to provide the lining elements with fluid lines on the back, on the side facing the combustion chamber, through which the cooling liquid can be conducted. Individual lining elements are connected to one another via connecting points in such a way that the cooling liquid can flow through several lining elements.

[0004] Currently, different types of lining elements are in use, which differ in terms of materials and manufacturing: 1. Cast materials are resistant to abrasive and corrosive stress. On the other hand, their component size is limited. If the lining elements made of cast materials are dimensioned too large, there is a risk of cracking due to uneven heating. Since the size of such lining elements is limited, more lining elements must be used to line a combustion chamber. This also results in more connection points for the fluid lines, which in turn increases the risk of leakage. 2. Welded constructions are also known. In this case, a wear layer is applied to a base material by overlay welding. The base material is typically I <esselstahl, Baustahl, insbesondere zum Beispiel HB400, HB450, HB500 oder ähnliche. Die Schleissschicht umfasst eine Legierung mit einer grösseren Brinellhärte, insbesondere zum Beispiel Hardox ©< .The disadvantage of welded constructions is that the carrier element and the wear layer alloy must be matched to enable build-up welding. Furthermore, build-up welding is complex, and the resulting surface typically requires rework, as otherwise, unevenness could lead to rapid wear of the wear layer. 3. It is also known to weld wear plates onto the carrier element. However, this has the disadvantage that there is no sufficient, full-surface contact area for heat transfer from the wear plate to the carrier element. <ontakt hergestellt werden kann, womit ein lokales Überhitzen der Schleissplatte erfolgt. Damit wird die Lebensdauer der Schleissplatte erheblich verkürzt. Es wurde auch versucht, die Wärmeübertragung durch das Vorsehen von Wärmeleitfolien oder Wärmeleitpasten zu verbessern.However, it has been shown in practice that even this approach does not ensure the desired heat transfer. 4. Finally, it is known to attach the wear layer to the support element as a plate using fastening means, such as screws. One such lining element is disclosed, for example, in WO 2007 / 107024 A1 (Doikos Investments LTD). This design has the disadvantage that it does not achieve sufficient contact between the wear layer and the support element to ensure cooling of the wear layer via the support element. Description of the invention

[0005] The object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a lining element, in particular a moving grate element for a combustion chamber, belonging to the technical field mentioned at the outset, with which a lining element with a particularly long service life can be achieved at low production costs and in which the wear layer can be adapted particularly optimally to the chemical and physical stresses in the combustion chamber.

[0006] The solution to the problem is defined by the features of claim 1. According to the invention, the wear layer is present as a flat element, wherein the wear layer is firmly bonded to the surface of the support element. A lining element for a combustion chamber is preferably manufactured using this method.

[0007] The lining element preferably comprises a grate element, in particular a moving grate element. These are subject to particularly high levels of wear during operation due to thermal, chemical, and mechanical stress. More preferably, the lining element additionally comprises wall elements of the combustion chamber, as these are also subject to similar levels of wear. In a further preferred embodiment, the lining elements also comprise elements for the feed unit, which introduces the fuel into the combustion chamber. These elements are generally subject to lower thermal and chemical stresses; however, the mechanical stress can be similarly high as for the grate elements, in particular the moving grate elements. However, it will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the elements of the feed unit do not necessarily have to be designed according to the invention, but can be designed differently (deposition welding or the like).

[0008] Because the wear layer is a flat element, it can be made relatively thick, which in turn can extend its service life. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a wear layer that, in contrast to wear layers achieved by deposition welding, is characterized by particularly good flatness. This preferably eliminates the need for post-processing of the wear layer, in particular post-processing of the surface of the wear layer after the lining element has been manufactured. This results in a particularly cost-effective and efficient process for manufacturing a lining element.

[0009] Preferably, the wear layer is integrally bonded to the surface of the support element at least over a partial surface of the planar element, particularly preferably over a full surface of the planar element. Thus, the wear layer is particularly preferably bonded over the entire I <ontaktfläche zum Trägerelement stoffschlüssig verbunden. Der Bereich, in welchem eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem flächigen Element und dem Trägerelement besteht, beträgt im Auskleidungselement bevorzugt mindestens 100 cm 2< , insbesondere bevorzugt mindestens 1000 cm 2< . Damit wird ein Auskleidungselement geschaffen, bei welchem ein besonders optimaler Wärmetransport zwischen der Schleissschicht und dem Trägerelement möglich ist. Damit kann das Auskleidungselement im Betrieb im Brennraum besonders effizient und gleichmässig gekühlt werden, womit Spannungen in der Schleissschicht vermieden werden können. Damit wird wiederum eine besonders lange Standzeit der Schleissschicht erreicht.

[0010] The bonded joint now creates a particularly durable and secure connection between the wear layer and the support element. Furthermore, it ensures particularly good heat transfer between the wear layer and the support element, allowing the lining element to heat and cool evenly during the process. This largely prevents stresses and cracks in the lining element caused by temperature gradients.

[0011] The term "flat element" is understood below to mean an element that is preferably plate-shaped. Particularly preferably, the flat element has a constant thickness and is therefore preferably in the form of a sheet. In variants, the flat element can also have a non-constant thickness.

[0012] The term "full surface" refers to the entire surface of the flat element that faces the carrier element during the manufacturing process. If the full surface of the wear layer is congruent with or can be covered by the carrier element, a full-surface, material-to-material bond between the wear layer and the carrier element is possible.

[0013] The partial area of ​​the wear layer formed as a planar element is to be understood in relation to the carrier element. The wear layer and the carrier element are preferably overlapping, so that the wear layer and the carrier element of the lining element are integrally bonded over their entire surface via their facing surfaces. However, it is conceivable for the wear layer to have a shape that is larger, smaller, or otherwise non-overlapping with respect to the carrier element. In these cases, a partial area of ​​the planar element in the lining element is integrally bonded to the carrier element. However, the partial area of ​​the planar element preferably comprises more than 80%, particularly preferably more than 95%, of the full area of ​​the planar element.

[0014] The support element can be made of sheet steel if the wear layer is bonded to it. In a subsequent step, the support element can be cut to size with the wear layer and, if necessary, processed into a lining element with additional steps. Further steps can include, for example, the welding of fluid lines to the side opposite the wear layer for cooling during operation. Furthermore, fastening fixtures can be welded or cut out. Furthermore, individual parts for moving grate elements, such as a sliding bearing for the I <ontakt zum stromabwärtigen nächsten Schubrostelement, am Trägerelement befestigt werden. Diese Aufzählung ist nicht abschliessend zu verstehen. In Varianten können einzelne dieser weiteren Arbeitsschritte bereits vor dem stoffschlüssigen Verbinden der Schleissschicht mit dem Trägerelement durchgeführt worden sein.

[0015] Preferably, the flat element is arranged parallel to the surface of the carrier element and, in particular under pressure, is integrally bonded to the carrier element. In the process, the wear layer as a whole is thus directly and integrally bonded to the carrier element. This creates a particularly efficient manufacturing process. In a first step, the flat element, i.e. the wear layer, is arranged parallel to the surface of the carrier element and, in a subsequent, second step, is integrally bonded to the carrier element. In variants, the parallel arrangement of the flat element to the carrier element can also be omitted. The wear layer can in principle also be provided as roll material, which means that the parallelism can also only be present in certain areas. In this case, the integral connection takes place continuously while the wear layer is unrolled.

[0016] Preferably, the material bond is formed under pressure. Those skilled in the art are familiar with corresponding variants, particularly thermal, chemical, or electrochemical processes.

[0017] Preferably, the flat element and the support element are subjected to a pressure of at least 1000 bar, particularly preferably at least 10,000 bar, and most preferably at least 50,000 bar, in order to bond the wear layer to the support element. However, it is clear to those skilled in the art that, depending on the thickness of the wear layer, much higher pressures may be required to achieve a bonded connection. For example, the pressure can be selected to be greater than 10 5 bar or even greater than 10 6 bar to achieve the bonded connection.

[0018] In variants, the pressure can also be selected to be lower than 1000 bar, especially if, for example, the wear layer, the carrier material or both the wear layer and the carrier material are sufficiently heated.

[0019] The wear layer preferably has a Brinell hardness of at least 800, preferably at least 1000, particularly preferably at least 1200. This results in a wear layer that has a particularly long service life, particularly with regard to mechanical stress.

[0020] In some variants, the wear layer can also have a lower Brinell hardness of less than 800. A corresponding material selection can be advantageous if other stresses are in focus, such as chemical or other stresses.

[0021] The carrier element preferably has a Brinell hardness between 300 and 800, preferably between 350 and 600, particularly preferably between 400 and 500. Thus, the carrier element can be made of, for example, structural steel or I <esselstahl ausgebildet sein. Dies ermöglicht eine kostengünstige Herstellung der Trägerelemente. Es ist grundsätzlich von Vorteil, wenn die Härte des Trägerelements, wie auch diejenige der Schleissschicht, möglichst hoch ist, um lange Standzeiten zu ermöglichen. Anderseits soll das Trägerelement aus möglichst kostengünstigem Material hergestellt sein, damit das Auskleidungselement als Ganzes kostengünstig ist. Daher ist der Bereich der Brinellhärte zwischen 350 und 600, insbesondere zwischen 400 und 500 besonders bevorzugt.

[0022] In variants, the carrier element can also have a Brinell hardness greater than 800 or a Brinell hardness less than 300.

[0023] Preferably, the wear layer is bonded to the support element by explosive bonding or roll bonding. These techniques allow the wear layer, as a flat element, to be bonded to the support element particularly easily and efficiently.

[0024] In explosive bonding, the wear layer is pressed onto the support element under high pressure using explosives, creating a bonded joint. In the process, the wear layer is positioned at a short distance from the support element, and the explosive is then detonated. The distance between the wear layer and the support element can be achieved, for example, by spacers or studs on the wear layer, on the support element, or on both. The process is generally known to those skilled in the art.

[0025] In roll bonding, the wear layer is rolled onto the support element using mechanical pressure (rolling). Sufficiently high pressure creates a strong bond between the wear layer and the support element. Depending on the material of the wear layer and the support element, the process can also be carried out at elevated temperatures, or the lining element can be thermally treated after the roll bonding process.

[0026] Those skilled in the art are familiar with a variety of metals and metal alloys that are particularly suitable for various applications, particularly with regard to thermal, chemical, and mechanical stresses, or combinations thereof. It is well known that many of these metal alloys are unsuitable or only partially suitable for overlay welding.

[0027] With explosive bonding and roll bonding, metals and metal alloys that would otherwise be difficult to join or hardly suitable for build-up welding (such as aluminum with steel) can now be used as wear layers. This results in a process with which a wide variety of different metals and metal alloys can be used as wear layers. This allows the wear layer to be adapted particularly precisely to requirements without having to take criteria such as joinability into account. On the one hand, it can be used to create lining elements that have special chemical resistance (e.g. resistance to certain acids or the like), or which are particularly suitable for abrasive or thermal stress.

[0028] This means that the lining elements can not only be tailored to specific combustion chambers or the material to be incinerated, but can also be adapted to local stresses within a combustion chamber. In a moving grate arrangement in a combustion chamber for domestic and / or commercial waste, for example, different wear layers can be provided on the lining elements for different temperature zones. On the inlet side of the combustion chamber, for example, wear layers can be provided that can withstand high mechanical or abrasive stresses, while in the high-temperature zone, wear layers can be provided that are particularly thermally stable. Furthermore, the wear layers can be specifically adapted to the type of fuel being incinerated (domestic waste, commercial waste, hazardous waste, etc.) in order to achieve the longest possible service life of the lining elements.

[0029] Instead of roll or explosive bonding, other techniques can also be used to bond the wear layer to the support element. For example, the wear layer can be bonded to the support element using friction welding.

[0030] The flat element preferably has a thickness of between 4 and 30 mm, more preferably between 6 and 15 mm. This allows the wear layer to have a relatively thick layer, particularly compared to layer thicknesses achievable with build-up welding. This, in turn, increases the service life of the lining element. The flat element is bonded to the surface of the support element in the manufacturing process. In this process, the thickness of the flat element may decrease, particularly if high pressure is used for the bonding (e.g., by explosive bonding or roll bonding). The wear layer in the finished lining element therefore preferably has a thickness of between 2 and 20 mm, particularly preferably between 4 and 10 mm.

[0031] In some variants, the wear layer can also have a thickness less than 4 mm.

[0032] The planar element preferably has an area of ​​at least 0.1 m 2 , preferably at least 0.3 m 2 , particularly preferably at least 0.6 m 2 . This allows a support element to be provided with a wear layer over a large area in a single work step. This creates a particularly efficient manufacturing process for a lining element. In a particularly preferred process, to produce a lining element, exactly one planar element is materially bonded to a support element. In variants, several planar elements can also be materially bonded to a support element - this can be advantageous if, for example, a main surface and an adjoining beveled end face are to be provided with the wear layer.

[0033] In variants, the planar element may also have an area which is less than 0.1 m 2<.

[0034] Preferably, the support element comprises, on a side opposite the wear layer, a fluid line for the flow of a cooling fluid, wherein the fluid line is arranged in a meandering pattern. This allows the lining element to be cooled during operation, thus increasing the service life of the lining element.

[0035] In some variants, the fluid line can be omitted. In this case, cooling can be achieved, for example, with process air.

[0036] Preferably, the support element is made of steel, in particular stainless steel, for example structural steel or I <esselstahl. Das Trägerelement ist damit kostengünstig herstellbar. Dem Fachmann sind dazu geeignete Stahlsorten bekannt.

[0037] In some variants, other metal alloys can be used instead of steel.

[0038] The lining element is particularly suitable for use in a combustion chamber that operates according to the principle of a moving grate. A so-called moving grate typically comprises stepped grates (stepped grates), which alternate between fixed and movable in the direction of movement. This transports the fuel through the combustion chamber. The moving grate typically has a gradient of approximately 8 to 15 degrees. Stepped grates are particularly preferred for coarse-grained and ash-rich fuels, especially for the combustion of domestic and commercial waste.

[0039] A sliding grate arrangement comprises several lining elements arranged one behind the other in a longitudinal direction, overlapping in a stepped manner, designed as sliding grate elements. In this arrangement, one sliding grate element is arranged in a fixed position, and a subsequent sliding grate element in the longitudinal direction is movable, particularly in the longitudinal direction.

[0040] Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the lining element is designed as a grate element, in particular as a sliding grate element and / or a wall element for the combustion chamber.

[0041] However, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the lining element can also be used for other types of combustion chambers. Since the lining element can be equipped with almost any wear layers, particularly in the case of explosive or roll bonding, different types of combustion chambers can be lined with lining elements featuring customized wear layers.

[0042] The lining element preferably has a width between 15 cm and 50 cm, preferably between 20 and 40 cm, and particularly preferably between 25 cm and 35 cm. Thus, the lining element can have a typical width of a sliding grate. The width can optionally be less than 15 cm or greater than 50 cm.

[0043] The lining element preferably has a length of at least 50 cm, preferably at least 100 cm, and particularly preferably at least 200 cm. The lining elements can be relatively large. This reduces the number of lining elements required in a combustion chamber. This, in turn, leads to lower risks of leaks between the cooling circuits of the lining elements, particularly at the transitions between the cooling circuits between the lining elements (if fluid cooling is provided).

[0044] This also allows for lower manufacturing costs per unit area, as fewer manufacturing steps are required for the lining elements. In contrast to overlay welding, this advantage is achieved by the fact that, according to the invention, the wear layer is bonded to the surface of the support element as a flat element, thus making the cost of the material-to-material bond to the support element largely independent of the size of the support element.

[0045] Furthermore, the effort required for installation or removal into the combustion chamber is reduced, as relatively few lining elements are required per unit area.

[0046] However, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the length of the lining element can also be less than 50 cm. Even for lining elements with small surfaces, production using the method according to the invention is typically less complex than, for example, using a build-up welding process.

[0047] The wear layer can be made of different metals or metal alloys. In particular, the wear layer to be connected to the carrier element can be designed as a plate-shaped element, which can be made, for example, of nickel-based alloys such as nickel-I. <upfer-, Nickel-Eisen-, Nickel-Eisen-Chrom-, NickelChrom-, Nickel-Molybdän-Chrom-, Nickel-Chrom-I<obalt-Legierungen etc. bestehen. Insbesondere können Legierungen wie Inconel 601, Hastelloy, IN-100 etc. eingesetzt werden. Vorzugsweise beträgt in diesen Legierungen der Nickelanteil mindestens 95 gew.%, weiter bevorzugt mindestens 99 gew.%, insbesondere bevorzugt mindestens 99.9 gew.%. Nickellegierungen anerbieten sich für die vorliegende Anwendung, da diese eine sehr gute I<orrosions- und Hochtemperaturbeständigkeit aufweisen.

[0048] Furthermore, the plate-shaped element can also be made of Stellite, an alloy based on I <obald-Chrom-Basis. Stellit ist ebenfalls zu bevorzugen, da es eine hohe Beständigkeit gegen Verschleiss, wie I<orrosion oder Abrasion, insbesondere auch bei hohen Temperaturen aufweist.

[0049] Furthermore, various types of steel can be used, in particular steel types with one or more of the additives: chromium, I <upfer, Mangan, Molybdän, Nickel, Silizium, Titan, Vanadium, Wolfram, Niob, Bor. Mit einem Chromzusatz wird der Stahl korrosionsbeständiger, Molybdän verstärkt diesen Effekt. Mit einem Nickelzusatz kann die Säurebeständigkeit verbessert werden. Mit einem Vanadiumzusatz wird die Verarbeitbarkeit verbessert. Dem Fachmann sind diese Eigenschaften bekannt, ebenso weitere geeignete Zusätze zur Verbesserung der Stahleigenschaften.

[0050] If I <upferlegierungen können zum Beispiel Tombak, insbesondere Siliziumtombak oder dergleichen eingesetzt werden. Diese können insbesondere bei hinreichender I<ühlung der Auskleidungselemente als Schleissschicht eingesetzt werden.

[0051] Other suitable alloys are known to those skilled in the art. The advantage of the invention lies in the fact that, for all these alloys with variable weight proportions of additives, the properties required for the application can be taken into account when selecting an alloy for the flat element, without having to consider weldability with the material of the support element. This enables a significantly better adaptation of the wear layer to the conditions in the combustion chamber. For example, a wear layer can be provided at the inlet of a pusher grate furnace that is particularly resistant to abrasive stress or is particularly hard. The outlet side primarily transports ash and slag, meaning the wear layer can be selected, for example, to be particularly acid-resistant.

[0052] Further advantageous embodiments and combinations of features of the invention emerge from the following detailed description and the entirety of the patent claims. Short description of the drawings

[0053] The drawings used to explain the embodiment show: Fig. 1 shows a schematic oblique view of a moving grate element with a wear layer; Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the roll-bonding process for producing a moving grate element; and Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the explosive bonding process for producing a moving grate element.

[0054] In principle, identical parts in the figures are provided with identical reference symbols. Ways to implement the invention

[0055] The Figure 1A schematic oblique view of a moving grate element 1. This comprises a support element 3, to which a wear layer 2 is materially connected on an upper side of the support element 3. The wear layer 2 faces the fuel during operation. The support element 3 in this case has a length of 50 cm and a width of 20 cm and is made of stainless structural steel. The support element 3 can comprise further features not shown here, such as a fluid line on the underside of the support element 3 for cooling the moving grate element 1, holding devices for fastening the moving grate element in the combustion chamber, plain bearings on the underside of the end face of the moving grate element 1, etc. The wear layer 2 completely covers the surface of the support element 3. The wear layer 2 in this case is made of a nickel alloy.

[0056] The Figure 2shows a schematic representation of the roll-plating process for producing a sliding grate element 1 according to the Figure 1 In this process, the wear layer 2 is positioned in the form of a flat element on a carrier element 3 and pressed by means of a rolling process between two rollers 4 and 5 under high pressure in such a way that a material bond is achieved between the carrier element 3 and the wear layer 2. The carrier element 3 is designed as a steel plate with a thickness of 12 mm. The wear layer 2 is also plate-shaped and is designed as I <upferlegierung ausgebildet. Um den Prozess zu optimieren kann das Trägerelement 3 und / oder die als flächiges Element ausgebildete Schleissschicht 2 erhitzt werden.

[0057] The result is now a plate with a wear layer applied to it. In the next step, the plate is cut to the size of a lining element, i.e. the size of a moving grate element or a wall element (e.g. by laser cutting). In the case of a moving grate element, one end is bent or welded on. The end is also provided with the wear layer, as this is used, among other things, to transport the fuel during the process. The surface and / or end of the moving grate element can be provided with holes / slots through which the process air is fed to the fuel during use in the combustion chamber. These can also be introduced by laser cutting. Furthermore, fluid lines are welded to the back of the wear layer, through which the moving grate element is cooled during later use in the combustion chamber.The fluid lines can also be omitted, especially if cooling with air (e.g., process air) is provided. Additional elements, such as struts to increase stability or retaining elements for installation in the combustion chamber, can also be connected to the underside of the moving grate element in a known manner, e.g., by welding.

[0058] The Figure 3A schematic representation of the explosive bonding process for the production of a sliding grate element. The illustration shows the support element 3 made of structural steel, over which the wear layer 2 made of a <upferlegierung als flächige Element positioniert ist. Der Abstand kann zum Beispiel durch Noppen an der Schleissschicht 2 oder an dem Trägerelement 3 erreicht werden. Auf der Schleissschicht 2 ist eine Sprengmittelschicht 6 aufgebracht. Im Verfahren wird nun das Sprengmittel 6 gezündet, womit die Schleissschicht 2 gegen das Trägerelement 3 beschleunigt wird. Damit wird eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der Schleissschicht 2 und dem Trägerelement 3 erreicht.

[0059] In summary, the invention provides a method for producing a lining element for a combustion chamber, in particular a moving grate element, which can be manufactured simply and efficiently due to the use of flat wear layers. The lining element can be provided with the desired properties particularly easily and precisely using the method according to the invention, since the wear layer can be selected largely freely, in particular independently of weldability.

Claims

1. A method for producing a lining element (1), in particular a moving grate element for a combustion chamber of a furnace, wherein a carrier element (3) made of a metal or a metal alloy is provided with a wear layer (2) at least on one surface, characterized in that the wear layer (2) is present as a flat element, wherein the wear layer (2) is materially connected to the surface of the carrier element (3).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat element is arranged parallel to the surface of the carrier element (3) and, in particular under pressure, is integrally connected to the carrier element (3).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in thatthe flat element and the carrier element (3) are subjected to a pressure of at least 1000 bar, particularly preferably at least 10,000 bar, particularly preferably at least 50,000 bar, in order to bond the wear layer (2) to the carrier element (3) in a material-to-material manner.

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wear layer (2) has a Brinell hardness of at least 800, preferably at least 1000, particularly preferably at least 1200.

5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the carrier element (3) has a Brinell hardness between 300 and 800, preferably between 350 and 600, particularly preferably between 400 and 500.

6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the wear layer (2) is connected to the carrier element (3) by means of explosive plating or roll plating.

7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in thatthe flat element has a thickness between 4 and 30 mm, preferably between 6 and 15 mm.

8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the planar element has an area of ​​at least 0.1 m 2 , preferably at least 0.3 m 2 , particularly preferably at least 0.6 m 2 has.

9. Lining element (1) for a combustion chamber of a furnace produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Lining element (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the carrier element (3) comprises, on a side opposite the wear layer (2), a fluid line for the flow of a cooling liquid, wherein the fluid line is arranged in particular in a meandering shape.

11. Lining element (1) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the support element (3) is made of steel, in particular structural steel.

12. Lining element (1) according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the lining element (1) is designed as a grate element, in particular as a sliding grate element and / or a wall element for the combustion chamber.

13. Lining element (1) according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the lining element (1) has a width between 15 cm and 50 cm, preferably between 20 and 40 cm, particularly preferably between 25 cm and 35 cm.

14. Lining element (1) according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the lining element (1) has a length of at least 50 cm, preferably at least 100 cm, particularly preferably at least 200 cm.

15. A sliding grate arrangement comprising a plurality of lining elements (1) according to one of claims 9 to 14, arranged one behind the other in a longitudinal direction, overlapping in a step-like manner, designed as sliding grate elements, wherein in particular in an alternating manner a sliding grate element is fixedly arranged and a sliding grate element following one after the other in the longitudinal direction is movable, in particular in the longitudinal direction.

16. Combustion chamber for a combustion plant, in particular for a combustion plant for solid fuels, particularly preferably for domestic and / or commercial waste, comprising a lining element (1) according to one of claims 9 to 15.

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