Device for analysing an aquatic pollutant and / or a living organism and uses therfor

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for analysing an aquatic pollutant and / or a living organism in an aquatic environment. The analysis device (1) comprises at least one module (2) and at least two closing end pieces (6a, 6b), the module (2) comprising a central body (2a) defining an analysis chamber and configured to contain an aquatic organism of a given size and / or an aquatic pollutant. The central body (2a) is hollow and delimited by at least one peripheral wall (3), a first end (4a) and a second end (4b). At least one closing end piece (6a, 6b) is open and comprises an opening (8) or is closed and forms a cap (9). The analysis device (1) comprises connection means (15) and a means (130) for accommodating a screen. The invention also relates to the use of the analysis device (1), in particular in a closed environment or in an open environment with a view to reproducing a natural aquatic environment.

Description

Description Title of the invention: Device for analyzing an aquatic pollutant and / or a living organism and uses of this analytical device

[0001] [GENERAL DOMAIN OF THE INVENTION]

[0002] The present invention falls within the field of studying the impact of aquatic pollution. In this context, the invention relates more specifically to a device for analyzing the behavior of aquatic pollutants and / or a living organism in an open or closed aquatic environment.

[0003] STATE OF THE ART

[0004] Studying the behavior of aquatic pollutants and their interaction with aquatic organisms is extremely complex. Research in the natural environment presents challenges in monitoring the behavior of both living organisms and the aquatic pollutants they come into contact with. Indeed, it proves difficult to isolate an event that triggers a change in a pollutant, such as the biodegradation of plastic in an aquatic environment. Similarly, it is also difficult to assess a living organism's capacity for bioassimilation of a pollutant, as well as its capacity for elimination of the pollutant.

[0005] At the same time, it is proving to be just as complex to reproduce an aquatic environment, whether marine, freshwater or brackish water, in order to study the behavior of pollutants and / or a living organism interacting with these pollutants.

[0006] It should be noted that document WO 2004 / 081530 describes a method for the in situ environmental monitoring and bioprospecting of microorganisms, i.e., in a natural aquatic environment. The method employs an analytical device that is immersed in situ. This analytical device comprises a central body containing a fluid inlet and outlet. The central body is equipped with a plurality of capillaries, each capillary forming a microsystem. The capillaries include a filter that serves as a support for the development of microorganism colonies. However, this filter is sufficiently porous to allow water from the aquatic environment to flow through a capillary. It is then possible to study the evolution of the microorganism colonies that have developed in the capillary micro-ecosystems. This type of device nevertheless has limitations and drawbacks.The device described in document WO 2004 / 081530 is designed specifically to study microecosystems in capillaries and is not applicable to the study of different pollutants. aquatic or macroscopic organisms. Furthermore, the in situ nature of the analytical device makes regular monitoring of the evolution of a capillary microsystem difficult. Indeed, the researcher is forced to remove the device from the water to collect samples. Each exposure can influence the evolution of a micro-ecosystem through, for example, an increase in oxygen supply.

[0007] There are also methods for studying the biodegradation and / or bioaccumulation of pollutants that are carried out in aquariums. For example, the study of the biodegradability of plastic pollutants in a marine environment is conducted in two stages. It includes a first stage of incubating the polymers within the natural marine environment, followed by a second stage where the plastic material, along with its biofilm, is transferred to an aquarium without any other carbon source. However, it is very complex to reproduce a natural aquatic environment exactly, whether marine or freshwater. Indeed, reproducing an artificial aquatic environment such as an aquarium necessarily involves unintended interactions between experimental elements and the materials or chemical substances used to replicate the natural aquatic environment.Indeed, these contain plastic materials, metals, and stabilizers of physico-chemical conditions such as chlorine which can influence the results.

[0008] Document ES 2 435 794 proposes an alternative to studying the problem in an aquarium. This document suggests using a reactor consisting of an Erlenmeyer flask containing a sample of an organic polymer immersed in water. The reactor in such devices is sealed with a stopper that has an air inlet and an air outlet. These air outlets are connected to probes that measure the release of carbon dioxide and oxygen. However, this document does not allow for the reproduction of a natural aquatic environment in a way that mimics the behavior of an aquatic pollutant and / or a living organism in a natural setting. These devices and methods are also not suitable for studying the bioassimilation and elimination of pollutants by living organisms.

[0009] We also know from document WO 2019 / 145512 which concerns a module for trapping chemical compounds from an aquatic environment, comprising a central cylindrical tube with openings arranged around its periphery, and a hollow porous reservoir inserted around the cylindrical tube, the reservoir being intended to contain a trapping material. Several identical modules can be assembled in series or parallel to be supplied via a pump with fluid from an aquatic environment in order to capture organic molecules and other chemical compounds. These modules and this device is therefore in no way suitable for the analysis of the behavior of aquatic pollutants and / or of an organism living in an open or closed aquatic environment.

[0010] After studying the state of the art, it appears that there is no analytical device that allows, on the one hand, placing an aquatic pollutant and / or a living organism in an aquatic environment benefiting from natural physico-chemical but also microbiological conditions (free movement of strains of microorganisms) while being isolated from disturbing elements such as other pollutants and / or predatory living organisms.

[0011] In this context, the applicant has developed a technical solution providing a chamber for analyzing the behavior of an aquatic pollutant and / or a living organism capable of reproducing a natural aquatic environment ex situ, that is to say, reproducing an aquatic environment in a laboratory environment.

[0012] GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] To this end, the invention relates to a device for analyzing an aquatic pollutant and / or a living organism in an aquatic environment comprising at least one module including a hollow central body and at least two closure tips, the central body defining an analysis chamber and being configured to contain a living organism of a determined size and / or an aquatic pollutant: the central body is delimited by at least one peripheral wall, a first and a second end and includes at each of its ends a socket portion, as the case may be female or male configured to cooperate with a socket section, respectively, male or female of a closure tip and / or a male or female socket portion of the central body of an adjacent module, the central body of a module being removably connected to the central body of an adjacent module and / or to a closure tip;at least one closing tip is open and has an opening, or is closed and forms a plug; the analysis device includes connection means disposed at a junction between one end of the central body of a module and a tip and / or between a first end of the central body of a module and a second end of the central body of an adjacent module; the analysis device further includes a receiving means provided suitable for ensuring the immobilization of a screen having openings whose cross-section is smaller than the dimensions of the living organism and / or of a pollutant intended to be contained in; the analysis chamber of the central body of a module, the receiving means being disposed at one end of the central body and / or at the tip; the central body of a module and the tips are made of inert material; the central body of a module has at least one auxiliary channel extending from the peripheral wall of the central body to the outside of the analysis device, the auxiliary channel being adapted to be connected to an auxiliary element chosen from the following list: a nutrient supply source, a pollutant supply source, an air supply source, an oxygen supply source, a measuring instrument, or a combination of these elements.

[0014] Advantageously, the central body includes a fixed or removable support configured to support a pollutant in a cohesive state and / or a living organism.

[0015] According to the invention, the connection means are of the screw and nut type.

[0016] According to another feature of the invention, the analysis device includes at least one sieve disposed at the receiving means.

[0017] According to yet another feature of the invention, the analysis device may comprise one closed end and one open end, or two open ends, or two closed ends.

[0018] According to another feature of the invention, a nozzle includes a second, closable, auxiliary opening.

[0019] According to the invention, the analysis device comprises at least two modules mounted in series and joined through one of the ends of each of the central bodies of these modules, the central body of a module having one end joined to one end of the central body of a following module, the central body of the first module cooperating through one end with a first tip, one end of the central body of the last module receiving a second tip.

[0020] The invention further relates to the use of the analysis device for the behavioral study in an open aquatic environment of at least one aquatic pollutant, the tips each having at least one opening, defining an analysis device mounted in an open circuit.

[0021] The invention also relates to the use of the analysis device for the behavioral study in a closed aquatic environment of at least one aquatic pollutant and / or at least one colony of bacteria pre-seeded within a bacterial biofilm on a support such as a plastic material, the analysis device comprising two closed tips, so as to generate a closed aquatic environment within the analysis device.

[0022] The analysis device can be used in a horizontal or vertical position.

[0023] GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0024] Other features and advantages will become apparent in the detailed description that follows, of a non-limiting example of an embodiment of the invention illustrated by Figures 1 to 9 in the appendix, in which:

[0025] [Fig. 1] is an exploded view representation of a conformal analysis device of the invention;

[0026] [Fig. 2] is a representation of an analysis device with two modules mounted in series in an open-circuit operating mode;

[0027] [Fig. 3] is a representation of a central body of a module of the analysis device of figure 1;

[0028] [Fig. 4] is a representation of an analysis device with two modules mounted in series according to a closed or semi-closed circuit operating mode;

[0029] [Fig. 5] is a representation of a thread at one end of a central body of a module of the analysis device of figure 1, thread cooperating with a nut which has an end piece, the thread and the nut forming means of connection;

[0030] [Fig. 6] is a representation of a nut mounted on a tip of the analysis device in Figure 1, the nut being in the unscrewed position;

[0031] [Fig. 7] is a representation of a nozzle with a second, additional opening;

[0032] [Fig. 8] is another representation of a nozzle with a second, additional opening;

[0033] [Fig. 9] is a representation of several analysis devices.

[0034] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF METHODS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION

[0035] The present invention relates to an analytical device 1 for studying the behavior of aquatic pollutants and / or a living organism in an aquatic environment ex situ. The analytical device according to the invention contributes to the reproduction of a natural aquatic environment in a laboratory setting.

[0036] For this purpose, the analysis device comprises at least one module 2, which includes a central body 2a. This central body is hollow and configured to contain an aquatic pollutant and / or a living organism of a specific size. In effect, the central body 2a defines an analysis chamber for the aquatic pollutant and / or living organism. Naturally, the dimensions of the central body 2a are determined according to the aquatic pollutant and / or living organism to be studied.

[0037] As illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, the central body 2a is delimited by at least one peripheral wall 3. In this example, the central body 2a is advantageously tubular in shape and extends longitudinally along a longitudinal axis AA. It has a first end 4a and a second end 4b. The two ends 4a and 4b are opposite each other. Here, the two ends 4a and 4b longitudinally delimit the tubular central body 2a along the longitudinal axis AA. For guidance, the tubular central body 2a can extend longitudinally along an axis parallel to the axis AA over a longitudinal distance of between 5 cm and 50 cm; preferably, this longitudinal distance is between 8 cm and 25 cm. It should be noted that the longitudinal distance defines the length of the module 2.Similarly, the tubular central body 2a may have a cross-section about the longitudinal axis AA of between 1 cm and 10 cm. Preferably, this cross-section is between 3 cm and 7 cm. When the tubular central body 2a is cylindrical, its diameter corresponds to its cross-section.

[0038] Here, the central tubular body 2a is a cylinder. However, according to the invention, it can take any other three-dimensional shape capable of containing a pollutant and / or a living organism. By way of example, the central tubular body 2a could be spherical, pyramidal, cubic, conical, etc.

[0039] As illustrated in Figure 1, this central tubular body 2a includes at its two ends 4a, 4b a fitting portion, respectively female 5a and male 5b.

[0040] The analysis device 1, as illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, also includes at least two closing tips 6a, 6b. The first tip 6a is configured to cooperate at least with the first end 4a of the central body 2a, which is equipped with a female socket portion 5a. For this purpose, the first tip 6a includes a male socket section 7a.

[0041] This first end 6a may have an opening 8 or it may be closed and form a plug 9. Whether it is the opening 8 or the plug 9, their arrangement is opposite to the male socket section 7a. The opening 8 or the plug 9 respectively define an end 10a of the analysis device 1.

[0042] Advantageously, the first tip 6a is mounted removably on the first end 4a of the central body 2a. This removability contributes to the insertion and removal of a pollutant and / or a living organism within the analysis chamber defined by the central body 2a.

[0043] As a guide, the 6a, 6b tip can extend longitudinally along an axis parallel to the AA axis over a distance of between 2 cm and 25 cm, defining the length of The tip 6a, 6b. Preferably, the length of the tip 6a, 6b is between 4 cm and 15 cm. Similarly, the cross-section of the tip 6a, 6b is adapted to the cross-section of the central body 2a at its ends 4a, 4b. Thus, it is preferably between 1 cm and 10 cm. Preferably, the diameter of the tip 6a, 6b is between 3 cm and 7 cm. Furthermore, the width of the opening 8 of the tip 6a, 6b is between 0.1 cm and 3 cm, preferably between 0.3 cm and 1.5 cm.

[0044] Furthermore, as illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, the analysis device 1 includes a second tip 6b. The second tip 6b is removably positioned at the second end 4b of the central body 2a. The second tip 6b is configured like the first tip 6a. On the one hand, the second tip 6b has a female socket section 7b that complements the male socket portion 5b of the second end 4b of the central body 2a. On the other hand, the second tip 6b is either open and has an opening 8, or it is closed and forms a plug 9. The opening 8 or the plug 9 of the second tip 6b constitutes an end 10b of the analysis device 1.

[0045] In the example illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the analysis device 1 is equipped with two nozzles 6a, 6b, each having an opening 8. This opening 8 is formed at the end of a hollow needle 11. This hollow needle 11 is positioned in line with an arched wall 12 of the nozzle 6a, 6b, which defines one end 10a, 10b of the analysis device 1. According to this configuration, the analysis device 1 comprises two open ends 10a, 10b defined by two removable nozzles 6a, 6b equipped with an opening 8. When both nozzles 6a, 6b each have an opening 8, the analysis device 1 can be placed in an open circuit. One end 10a of the analysis device 1 then constitutes an inlet for a liquid flow, while the other end 10b constitutes an outlet for a fluid flow. The fluid flow then circulates continuously through the analysis device 1.

[0046] In an example embodiment illustrated in Figure 7, at least one nozzle 6a, 6b of the analysis device 1 is equipped with a second auxiliary opening 27. This second auxiliary opening 27 is provided at the end of a hollow needle 28 positioned on the arched wall 12. The second auxiliary opening 27 is shown here to be closable by a screw cap with a septum 29. This auxiliary opening 27 can serve as a purge screw during the water volume adjustment steps, particularly when the analysis device 1 is in a vertical position. Indeed, by opening the cap 29 of the auxiliary opening 27, the air contained in a module of the analysis device 1 can be evacuated, thus keeping the device completely filled with water.

[0047] In another embodiment illustrated in Figure 8, the second ancillary opening 27 is provided on the hollow needle 11 in an axis substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the hollow needle 11. A fitting such as a tubular fitting made of borosilicate glass can be arranged at the outlet of the second opening 27, in order to avoid the accumulation of solid particles, for example in the case where the pollutant is in the form of floating particles.

[0048] It should be noted that in the example in Figure 4, the first nozzle 6a has an opening 8, while the second nozzle 6b forms a plug 9. Here, the plug 9 corresponds to the arched wall 12 of the second nozzle 6b at the end 10b of the device 1. In this case, the arched wall 12 is closed. The plug 9 can also be flat. When the analysis device 1 has a plug 9 at a nozzle 6a, 6b, this device is then configured as a closed environment, with the fluid flow being stagnant or renewed through the nozzle 6a having the opening 8. According to this configuration, the analysis device 1 has a closed end 10b, an open end 10a, and at least one removable nozzle 6a, 6b. This configuration provides an analysis chamber reproducing a closed aquatic environment.

[0049] In general, the male socket section 7a of the first end piece 6a is complementary to the female socket portion 5a of the first end 4a of the central body 2a. Specifically, the male socket section 7a cooperates with the female socket portion 5a by interlocking. These characteristics are reversed in the cooperation between the second end piece 6b and the second end 4b of the central body 2a.

[0050] As illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, preferably, the first end 4a of the central body 2a is equipped with a female connector, while the other end 4b of the central body 2a is equipped with a male connector. This inverted configuration of the ends 4a and 4b allows two modules 2 to be directly connected in series by fitting the complementary ends 4a and 4b of their central body 2a. As illustrated in Figure 2, the analytical device 1 can include several modules 2 connected in series. This allows for verification of the reproducibility of analyses or for conducting studies on several different or similar living organisms, or on several different or similar aquatic pollutants.

[0051] In this example, the male and female organs are truncated conical. The male organ is slightly smaller than the female organ to allow for a fitting. The truncated conical shape contributes to centering. The male organ's connection is perfect and fast compared to the female organ. This configuration also improves the seal.

[0052] The analysis device 1 can be used in a horizontal or vertical position. In a non-limiting example of use, as illustrated in Figure 9, several modules 2 are mounted in series and vertically, forming an analysis system. Several analysis systems can be suspended from support means, such as a boom. In this case, the described system includes attachment means, as well as means for supplying fluid, for example, water, with one or more distributors. These supply means correspond to the water recirculation means, more specifically to the inlet pipes 25. Preferably, the water inlet pipes 25 are made of inert materials.

[0053] As illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, the analysis device 1 further includes a receiving means 130 designed to secure a screen 13 arranged transversely to the axis of the central body 2a. According to a first embodiment, the receiving means 130 is located at one end 4a, 4b of the central body 2a. This receiving means 130 can also be located at one end 6a, 6b, according to a second embodiment.

[0054] As illustrated in figures 1 to 3, the receiving means 130 includes at least one internal shoulder 14 disposed substantially between the male or female socket portion 5a, 5b of an end 4a, 4b of the central body 2a. Here, the first end 4a of the central body 2a carries the internal shoulder 14.

[0055] Alternatively, the analysis device 1 may include at least one internal shoulder 14 located at a nozzle 6a, 6b. In particular, in this configuration, the internal shoulder 14 is located between the male or female socket section 7a, 7b and the end 10a, 10b of the nozzle 6a, 6b. The internal shoulder 14 provides support for the screen 13.

[0056] The function of the screen 13 is to allow a flow of fluid, preferably laminar, to pass through the analysis device 1, while preventing the pollutant or organism from escaping the central body 2a of a module 2. To this end, the screen 13 has openings with cross-sections corresponding to the dimensions of the living organism and / or the dimensions of a pollutant intended to be contained within the central body 2a. This screen 13 is removable from a module 2 of the analysis device 1. The removable nature of the screen 13 provides easy access to the analysis chamber of the central body 2a, for example, to introduce and / or remove the pollutant and / or the living organism of interest.

[0057] More specifically, the screen 13 is disposed at a junction between an end 4a, 4b of the central body 2a and the tip 6a, 6b with which said end 4a, 4b cooperates.

[0058] To keep the screen 13 in position, it is preferable to use the end 4a, 4b of the central body 2a, which carries the internal shoulder 14, as the fluid flow inlet. In parallel, in an open circuit, the nozzle 6a, 6b, which constitutes the fluid flow outlet, also carries an internal shoulder 14 supporting a screen 13. More generally, for the internal shoulder 14 to support a removable screen 13, it must necessarily exert a reaction opposite to the direction of fluid flow. As illustrated in Figure 1, a second screen 13 can also be arranged at the junction between the second end 4b of the central body 2a and the second removable nozzle 6b.

[0059] As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 4, the analysis device 1 also includes connection means 15. These connection means 15 are arranged at a junction between an end 4a, 4b of the central body 2a and a fitting 6a, 6b cooperating with said end 4a, 4b. The connection means 15 allow the analysis device 1 to be hermetically sealed at the junction between an end 4a, 4b of the central body 2a and a fitting 6a, 6b. Advantageously, these connection means 15 are of the screw-nut type.

[0060] Thus, the female socket section 7b of the end piece 6b has on its periphery a thread 21 suitable for cooperating with a nut 19 mounted, preferably, but not necessarily, in free rotation on the end 4b, provided with the male socket portion 5b, of the central body 2a, while the female socket portion 5a at the end 4a of this central body 2a has a thread 21 suitable for cooperating with a nut 19 mounted, preferably, but not necessarily, in free rotation, on the end piece 6a equipped with the male socket portion 7a.

[0061] This free-rotating mounting of the nuts 19 can be achieved through a peripheral groove 17 formed, in one case, at the end 4b of the central body 2a and, in the other case, on the end piece 6a, advantageously between the male socket section 7a and the end 10a of the device 1 defined by this end piece 6a. In both cases, the peripheral groove 17 is formed by two external shoulders 18 arranged at a predetermined distance from each other. The two external shoulders 18 are formed on an outer wall of the central body 2a or, alternatively, on an outer wall of an end piece 6a. It should be noted that the peripheral groove 17 can be defined as frustoconical between the two external shoulders 18.

[0062] The nut 19 advantageously comprises an annular flange 20 extending into the peripheral groove 17, allowing rotational movement of this nut 19 and, in the case if necessary, an axial displacement along a stroke determined by the distance separating the two external shoulders 18.

[0063] According to an advantageous embodiment, this stroke is determined to allow the nut 19 to move from a screwed position, visible in Figures 2, 4 and 5, to an unscrewed position, as shown in Figures 1 and 6, in which a socket section, as the case male 7a or female 7b, can be freely engaged in a socket portion, respectively female 5a or male 5b.

[0064] The connection means 15 thus make it possible to make the central body 2a of the tips 6a, 6b removably fixed together while ensuring the sealing of the analysis device 1.

[0065] As illustrated in Figure 4, the connection means 15 also allow the central body 2a of a first module 2 to be connected by interlocking to the central body 2a of a second module 2 through the ends 4a, 4b of each central body 2a while ensuring the sealing of the analysis device 1. In this case, the male interlocking portion 5b at the end 4b of the central body 2a of a second module 2 is engaged in the female interlocking portion 5a at the end 4a of the central body 2a of a first module 2, and the nut 19 at this end 4b of the central body 2a corresponding to this second module 2 is screwed onto the thread 21 on the female interlocking portion 5a at the end 4a of the central body 2a corresponding to the first module 2.

[0066] As illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, the analysis device 1 includes at least one auxiliary channel 23. The auxiliary channel 23 extends from the peripheral wall 3 of the central body 2a of a module 2 to a free end. In Figure 2, the analysis device 1 includes two auxiliary channels 23. Here, the two auxiliary channels 23 are parallel to each other. However, it is entirely possible that a first auxiliary channel 23 extends from one side of the central body 2a while the second auxiliary channel 23 extends from a other side of this central body 2a.

[0067] According to the invention, the auxiliary channel 23 consists of a conduit communicating with the internal volume of the central body 2a. In fact, the auxiliary channel 23 is adapted to be connected to an auxiliary element selected from the following list: a nutrient supply source, a pollutant supply source, an air supply source, an oxygen supply source, a measuring instrument, or a combination of these elements. Thus, it is possible to regulate the nutrient supply to the medium within the analytical device 1, both in terms of quantity and the type of nutrients. Similarly, the medium can be supplied with various selected liquid or solid pollutants in a predetermined quantity. It is also possible to control the air or oxygen supply according to the same principle. This allows the user to control, regulate, and study the influence of various parameters on the behavior of aquatic pollutants and / or a living organism in an aquatic environment within the analysis device 1. The auxiliary channel 23 also allows the insertion of a measuring instrument within the central body 2a of a module 2. This allows the measurement of behavioral data of the aquatic pollutant and / or a living organism.

[0068] The analysis device 1 may also include a pump, for example, a peristaltic pump. As an example, the pump can be used to convey nutrients, air, or other substances from a source to the central body 2a of a module 2 of the analysis device 1. In this respect, the pump can be interposed between the central body 2a and the source of nutrients, pollutants, air, etc., which are introduced via the auxiliary channel(s) 23 by means of a peristaltic pump.

[0069] In addition, the auxiliary channel 23 allows liquid solutions or gases to be added or taken from the central body 2a of a module 2 during the preparation of the experiment or during the experiment, without any time limit.

[0070] As illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 4, the free end of the auxiliary channel 23 can be provided with a cable gland device 24 to ensure a tight connection with an auxiliary element as described above or a conveying conduit.

[0071] As illustrated in Figure 2, the analysis device 1 may also include a fixed or removable support 30 configured to support a pollutant in a cohesive state and / or a living organism. The support 30 may be fixed and formed by pins or vigreux integrated into the central body 2a of a module 2. Alternatively, the support 30 may be removable, such as a strainer or basket. This support 30 may be cross-shaped.

[0072] As an example, the aquatic pollutant placed in the analysis chamber could be a plastic material. It is then possible to study the biodegradability of this pollutant by aquatic microorganisms.

[0073] To avoid any interference with the study to be conducted in the analytical device 1, it is preferable that the material used to construct the central body 2a of a module 2, the tips 6a, 6b, the auxiliary channel 23, and the support 30 be biologically and chemically inert. To this end, the central body 2a, the tips 6a, 6b, the auxiliary channels 23, and the support 30, as described in the invention and illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, are made of glass. Preferably, borosilicate glass is used. Indeed, the use of glass also provides resistance to corrosion induced by the presence of pollutants and by the salinity of the water when the analytical device 1 is used in marine or brackish water.

[0074] The living organism that can be placed in the central body 2 can be a higher organism such as a mussel. Indeed, the mussel is used as a bioindicator species for the bioaccumulation of pollutants. The presence of both the bioindicator species and a specific aquatic pollutant chosen in the analytical device 1 allows for the analysis of the bioassimilation and elimination of the pollutant by the living organism.

[0075] The invention also relates to a use of the analysis device 1 for the behavioral study of at least one aquatic pollutant.

[0076] For this purpose, the analysis device 1 can be used in particular according to two modes of operation: in an open environment or in a closed environment.

[0077] In an open environment, the 6a and 6b fittings at the ends 10a and 10b of the analytical device 1 are open. The two open ends 10a and 10b define an open-circuit analytical device 1. In this context, a first fitting 6a and a first end 4a of the central body 2a of a module 2 constitute a water inlet, while a second fitting 6b and a second end 4b of the central body 2a, as applicable, of the same module 2 or a different module 2, constitute an outlet for the water flowing through the central body 2. It should be noted that the water inlet of the analytical device 1 can be supplied by a pump drawing water from a specific natural environment. The analytical device 1 is then placed in a laboratory located near this natural environment. This makes it possible to reproduce, in the laboratory, aquatic conditions of a natural environment such as the Mediterranean, an oceanic lagoon, a salt lagoon, a freshwater lake, or a river.

[0078] In this context, the analysis device 1 is integrated into a system for analyzing an aquatic pollutant and / or a living organism. As illustrated in Figure 2, this analysis system includes an inlet duct 25, one free end of which is placed in a natural environment. The free end of the inlet duct 25 can also be placed in a water tank or reservoir replicating the natural environment to be studied. The free end constitutes an inlet for water from the natural environment. The inlet duct 25 is connected to the water inlet of the analysis device 1. The system includes a pump configured to project the water sampled from the natural environment through the inlet duct 25 and the analysis device 1. It should be noted that the inlet and / or the inlet duct 25 may include screens and sieves to prevent aquatic debris or living organisms from being drawn from the natural environment.At the outlet of the analysis device 1, the analysis system includes a discharge conduit 26 for the water that has passed through the analysis device 1. The. Discharge conduit 26 carries the water used to generate the aquatic environment in the analysis device 1 to the natural environment or a reservoir or other.

[0079] When an analytical device 1 comprises a single module 2, a fitting 6a, 6b is mounted on each end 4a, 4b of the central body 2a of this module. Each end 4a, 4b can therefore be equipped directly or indirectly with a screen 13, as described previously. Furthermore, the screen 13 is selected according to the dimensions of the aquatic pollutant and / or the dimensions of the living organism to be studied.

[0080] As illustrated in Figure 2, the analysis device 1 can comprise two or more modules 2 connected in series and operate in an open environment. In this configuration, the modules 2 are joined at the ends 4a, 4b of the central body 2a of each module 2, as described previously. According to this configuration, a screen 13 can be positioned at the receiving means 130 at the inlet of each module 2. The last module 2 in a series may also have a screen 13 at the receiving means 130 at its outlet end, this outlet end corresponding to the second nozzle 6b. The order of the modules 2 in each analysis device 1 is determined by the direction of water flow. In the example shown in Figure 2, the analysis device 1 comprises two modules 2 joined at one of their ends 4a, 4b. The first module 2 is connected to a first hose via its water inlet.The first flexible hose forms the water inlet pipe 25. Conversely, the second module 2 is connected to a second flexible hose via its water outlet. This second flexible hose forms the water discharge pipe 26.

[0081] As previously described, the analysis device(s) 1 can be used in a horizontal or vertical position. As illustrated in Figure 9, several analysis devices 1 can be used in a vertical position. The analysis devices 1 comprise several modules 2 connected in series. The analysis devices 1 are suspended from support means such as a boom via attachment means. The analysis devices 1 are supplied with water through their inlets by water supply lines 25 and are connected through their water outlets to water discharge lines 26. A distributor can also be located at the supply means.

[0082] The system's pump controls the flow rate of water drawn from the natural environment or the reservoir and injected into the analysis device(s) 1. As a guideline, the water flow rate is estimated to be between 50 ml / hour and 900 ml / hour, preferably between 200 ml / hour and 600 ml / hour. This water flow rate allows for the reproduction of natural water flows. The analysis system is described as open, involving water circulation within the analysis device 1, which replicates the natural environmental conditions of the behavior of aquatic pollutants or living organisms. This open analysis system allows, for example, the study of the biodegradation of aquatic pollutants such as a plastic sheet, or how a living organism assimilates or accumulates an aquatic pollutant and / or how this living organism degrades or eliminates an aquatic pollutant. This type of phenomenon is called bioassimilation or bioaccumulation; it can be measured for pollutants such as heavy metals, plastic particles, etc. It is also possible to measure the toxicity of a pollutant using a suitable instrument that interacts with the central body 2 via an auxiliary channel 23.

[0083] When analytical device 1 is used in a closed environment, it includes at least one closed end. Preferably, analytical device 1 includes two closed ends. The closed environment helps to create a closed or semi-closed aquatic environment within analytical device 1. This mode of use of analytical device 1 is useful when studying nanoparticles. For example, the biodegradation of plastic by bacteria in an aqueous environment releases plastic nanoparticles. However, in open mode use of analytical device 1, the nanoparticles are not retained by the pores of the sieves, and therefore cannot be studied.

[0084] In a closed system, it is possible to reproduce a natural aquatic environment by drawing a specific quantity of water from it. As with an open system, this drawing can be carried out via an inlet pipe 25 whose inlet is immersed in the natural aquatic environment. A pump and a valve system can control the quantity of water initially introduced into the analysis device 1; the pollutant and / or the living organism of interest can be introduced before or after the water is introduced.

[0085] However, in order to reproduce natural conditions, it is necessary to oxygenate the water in the analysis device 1. In this context, an auxiliary channel 23 of the analysis device 1 can be used to oxygenate the water contained within it. For example, the auxiliary channel 23 can be connected to an oxygenation basin, with the water being renewed via a pump. This is why we can refer to it as a semi-closed environment. The pump can be a peristaltic type, as described previously. It is also possible to use a connected oxygen bubbler. directly on the auxiliary line 23. The oxygenation basin and the oxygen bubbler constitute in this case a source of oxygenation.

[0086] In the example shown in Figure 4, the analysis device 1 comprises two modules 2 connected in series and operating in a closed environment. According to this configuration, the modules 2 are joined at one end 4a, 4b of each of the central bodies 2a, as described previously. In this example, the central body 2a of the first module 2 has its end 4b joined at the end 4a of the central body 2a of the second module 2. Furthermore, the central body 2a of the first module 2 interacts, via one of its ends 4a, with a first nozzle 6a having an opening 8. Conversely, the end 4b of the central body 2a of the second module 2 receives a second nozzle 6b forming a plug 9.

[0087] In the example described in Figure 4, a screen 13 is arranged at the inlet of the central body 2a of each module 2 mounted in series, the second nozzle 6b also having a screen 13. The order of the modules 2 of each analysis device 1 is determined by the direction of water admission into the analysis device 1. The central body 2a of at least one module 2 has at least one auxiliary channel 23, and in the example illustrated in Figure 4, the central body 2a of each module 2 has respectively one auxiliary channel 23.

[0088] The analysis device 1 can also be used to study the metabolic behavior of a living organism in the presence of an aquatic pollutant. Depending on the nature of the living organism or the parameters to be measured, it is possible to work with one or more analysis devices 1 in a closed or open environment. In both cases, an aquatic living organism is placed in the analysis chamber of the central body 2a of a module 2 of the analysis device 1. This module includes at least one auxiliary channel 23 and at least one auxiliary element. In this case, the auxiliary element may include a pollutant source such as a water reservoir containing suspended pollutant nanoparticles.

[0089] Using appropriate tools, it is possible to assess the bioassimilation and / or elimination of an inert pollutant such as plastic nanoparticles. It is also possible to assess the toxicity of an aquatic pollutant such as a heavy metal.

[0090] The analytical device 1 described and illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 is also used to study the bioassimilation and elimination of aquatic pollutants by a living organism. The living organism serves as a bioindicator. As an example, a mussel can serve as a bioindicator. Since the mussel is one of the shellfish that filters the largest quantity of seawater, it constitutes a good model for studying the bioassimilation and elimination of Inert aquatic pollutants such as plastic material are analyzed. Here, a mussel is inserted into the analysis device 1 and immersed within the central body 2a of a module 2. This can be used in an open or closed environment. Feeding is also carried out via the auxiliary channel 23(s). The use of the analysis device 1 thus makes it possible to analyze the quantity of pollutant assimilated by the living organism over a given period, as well as the elimination time of this quantity of pollutant.

[0091] It is also possible to use the analytical device 1 to study bacterial behavior. In this case, a bacterial colony can be pre-inoculated within a bacterial biofilm on a substrate such as a plastic material. The use of an analytical device 1 as described by the invention makes it possible to study the evolution of the bacterial colony over time, as well as the degradation of the plastic material in relation to the evolution of the bacterial colony.

[0092] In general, an auxiliary element can be chosen from the following list: a source of nutrient supply, a source of pollutant supply, a source of air supply, a source of oxygen supply, a measuring instrument, or a combination of these elements.

[0093] Oxygenation and feeding of organisms, as well as the addition of pollutants or any other solid or liquid element, can be achieved using at least one auxiliary channel 23 in combination with at least one auxiliary element. Of course, the auxiliary channels 23 can be used in both open and closed environments. The analysis system may also include a pump as described above, connected to a supply source such as nutrients, pollutants, air, or oxygen. An auxiliary channel 23 also provides easy access to the core of the analysis chamber for inserting measuring instruments such as probes for quantifying carbon dioxide or oxygen levels, temperature probes, and probes for quantifying the content of various chemical elements; these examples are not exhaustive.

[0094] Furthermore, the use of the analysis device 1 in a closed environment allows for the control and regulation of external feed input, thus enabling the evaluation of the influence of adding a given nutrient in a specific quantity over time. The same applies to oxygen input. These examples of feed input are not exhaustive.

Claims

Demands

1. Analytical device (1) for an aquatic pollutant and / or an aquatic living organism comprising at least one module (2) including a hollow central body (2a) and at least two closing tips (6a, 6b), the central body (2a) defining an analytical chamber and being configured to contain a living organism of a specified size and / or an aquatic pollutant: - the central body (2a) is delimited by at least one peripheral wall (3), a first end (4a) and a second end (4b) and includes at each of its ends (4a; 4b) a socket portion, as the case female (5a) or male (5b) configured to cooperate with a socket section, respectively, male (7a) or female (7b) of a closing tip (6a; 6b) and / or a male (5a) or female (5b) socket portion of the central body (2a) of an adjacent module (2), the central body (2a) of a module (2) being removably connected to the central body (2a) of an adjacent module (2) and / or to a closing tip (6a, 6b); - at least one closing tip (6a, 6b) is open and has an opening (8), or is closed and forms a plug (9); - the analysis device (1) includes connection means (15) arranged at a junction between the end (4a, 4b) of the central body (2a) of a module (2) and a tip (6a, 6b) and / or between the first end (4a) of the central body (2a) of a module (2) and the second end (4b) of the central body (2a) of an adjacent module (2); - the analysis device (1) further includes a receiving means (130) designed to ensure the immobilization of a screen (13) having openings whose cross-section is smaller than the dimensions of the living organism and / or of a pollutant intended to be contained in the analysis chamber of the central body (2a) of a module (2), the receiving means (130) being disposed at one end (4a, 4b) of the central body (2) of and / or at the level of the tip (6a, 6b); - the central body (2a) of a module of (2) and the tips (6a, 6b) are made of inert material; - the central body (2a) of a module (2) comprises at least one auxiliary channel (23) extending from the peripheral wall (3) of the central body (2a) to the outside of the analysis device (1), the auxiliary channel (23) being adapted to be connected to an auxiliary element selected from the following list: a nutrient supply source, a a source of pollutants, a source of air, a source of oxygen, a measuring instrument, or a combination of these.

2. Analytical device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the central body (2a) comprises a fixed or removable support (30) configured to support a pollutant in a cohesive state and / or a living organism.

3. Analytical device (1) according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the male socket section (7a) of a first tip (6a) is complementary to the female socket portion (5a) at the first end (4a) of the central body (2a) and the female socket section (7b) of a second tip (6b) is complementary to the male socket portion (5b) at the second end (4b) of said central body (2a).

4. Analytical device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the connection means (15) are of the screw-nut type. [Claims] Analytical device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the male socket section (7b) of the end piece (6b) has on its periphery a thread (21) adapted to cooperate with a nut (19), mounted on the second end (4b), provided with the female socket portion (5b), of the central body (2a) of a module (2), the female socket portion (5a) at the first end (4a) of the central body (2a) of this module (2) having a thread (21) adapted to cooperate with a nut (19), as the case may be, mounted on the end piece (6a) equipped with the male socket section (7a) or on the second end (4b), provided with the female socket portion (5b), of the central body (2a) of an adjacent module (2).

6. Analytical device (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that a nut (19) is mounted freely in rotation, as the case may be, on the second end (4b), provided with the male socket portion (5b), of the central body (2a) and / or on the end piece (6a) equipped with the male socket section (7a).

7. Analytical device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the second end (4b) of the central body (2a) and / or the tip (6a) has a peripheral groove (17) formed by two external shoulders (18) arranged at a determined distance from each other, a nut (19) having an annular flange (20) extending freely in rotation in said peripheral groove (17).

8. Analytical device (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the distance separating the two external shoulders (18) from the peripheral groove (17) allows axial movement of the nut (19) along a determined stroke to allow the nut (19) to move from a screwed position to an unscrewed position.

9. Analytical device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one screen (13) disposed at the receiving means (130).

10. Analytical device (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the receiving means (130) includes at least one internal shoulder (14) allowing the screen (13) to be positioned and held at the level of at least one end (4a, 4b) of the central body (2).

11. Analytical device (1) according to claim 9 or 11, characterized in that the screen (13) has openings with a cross-section smaller than that of a living organism and / or the dimensions of an aquatic pollutant

12. Analytical device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a closed end (10b) and an open end (10a).

13. Analytical device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises two open ends (10a, 10b).

14. Analytical device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inert material of the central body (2a), the tips (6a, 6b) and the auxiliary channels (23) is borosilicate glass.

15. Analytical device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tip (6a, 6b) includes a second, resealable, auxiliary opening (27).

16. Analytical device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least two modules (2) mounted in series and joined together through one of the ends (4a, 4b) of each of the central bodies (2a) of these modules (2), the central body (2a) of a module (2) having its second end (4b) joined together with the first end (4a) of the central body (2a) of a subsequent module (2), the central body (2a) of the first module (2) cooperating through its first end (4a) with a first tip (6a), the second end (4b) of the central body (2a) of the last module (2) receiving a second tip (6b).

17. Use of an analytical device (1) defined according to any one of claims 1 to 16, for the behavioral study in an open aquatic environment of at least one aquatic pollutant, characterized in that the tips (6a, 6b) of the device analysis (1) each include at least one opening (8) defining an analysis device (1) mounted in an open circuit, the tip (6a).

18. Use of an analysis device (1) defined according to any one of claims 1 to 16, for the behavioral study in a closed aquatic environment of at least one aquatic pollutant and / or at least one colony of bacteria pre-seeded within a bacterial biofilm on a support such as a plastic material, characterized in that the analysis device (1) comprises two closed tips (6a, 6b), so as to generate a closed aquatic environment within the analysis device (1).

19. Use of an analysis device (1) according to any one of claims 18, characterized in that the bacterial colony developing within a biofilm covers a support in the form of a plate of plastic material which constitutes an aquatic pollutant.

20. Use of an analysis device (1) according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the analysis device (1) comprises at least one auxiliary channel (23) and at least one auxiliary element, the auxiliary element being selected from the following list: a nutrient supply source, a pollutant supply source, an air supply source, an oxygen supply source, a measuring instrument, or a combination of these elements.

21. Use of an analysis device (1) according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the analysis device is in a horizontal or vertical position.

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