STRUCTURAL PANEL, IN PARTICULAR, FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSING
Patent Information
- Application Number
- FR2023001613
- Authority / Receiving Office
- FR · FR
- Patent Type
- Utility models
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-02-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-21
- Estimated Expiration
- 2033-02-22
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Title of the invention: STRUCTURAL PANEL, IN PARTICULAR, FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSING Technical field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of structural panels which are used, in particular, for the construction of housing.
[0002] By structural panel is meant a panel capable of supporting main forces, for example in a habitat, and capable of forming a framework on which other elements are fixed.
[0003] There is a need for an ecological structural panel having mechanical characteristics equivalent to and even superior to an ordinary metal panel.
[0004] A structural panel comprising a metal skin is known in the prior art from patent application FR3011505Al. An aluminum metal skin makes it possible to obtain high mechanical performance but its cost is high, which prohibits its use for the most common applications. GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
[0005] To this end, the invention relates to a structural panel, in particular for the construction of housing, the panel comprising a wooden core comprising two opposite external faces on which are fixed respectively a first ply of hemp textile and a second ply of hemp textile, the wooden core comprising a stack of a plurality of first plies of wood and a stack of a plurality of second plies of wood, the first plies of wood having a mechanical resistance greater than the second plies of wood.
[0006] Advantageously, the combination of hemp textile plies and wood plies makes it possible to form a panel that is stronger than a plywood panel and lighter than a metal panel.
[0007] The combination of wood plies having different degrees of mechanical resistance makes it possible to form a panel combining flexibility and rigidity. The wood plies with high mechanical resistance make it possible to form a layer of intermediate mechanical resistance between the wood plies with low mechanical resistance and the hemp textile plies with high mechanical resistance.
[0008] Such a structural panel of gradual mechanical resistance has very good resistance to load and bending while maintaining a low mass and a reduced manufacturing cost.
[0009] Advantageously, the use of a stack of wood plies allows to obtain a finer orientation of the fibers of the wood plies. The more plies there are, the more the characteristics of the structural panel can be parameterized. The structural panel can thus have isotropic mechanical properties. In addition, the external faces of a wood ply contribute significantly to the absorption of mechanical forces. A stack of wood plies and, therefore, a plurality of external surfaces, makes it possible to improve the absorption of mechanical forces compared to a single ply.
[0010] Such a structural panel has high impact resistance due to its skin made of hemp textile plies protecting the wooden core. In addition, in the event of the panel's wooden plies breaking, the debris from the wooden plies is held between the hemp textile plies and thus cannot injure a user.
[0011] Preferably, the wooden core successively comprises a stack of a plurality of first plies of wood with high mechanical strength, a stack of a plurality of second plies of wood with low mechanical strength and a stack of a plurality of first plies of wood with high mechanical strength.
[0012] Thus, when the wooden core is covered with a skin of hemp textile plies, the hemp textile plies are in contact with the high-strength wood plies. Such a wooden core has a gradual mechanical strength from its center outward. The high-strength wood plies, located outside the wooden core, make it possible to form a layer of intermediate mechanical strength between the low-strength wood plies, located in the center of the wooden core, and the very high-strength hemp textile plies that form the skin of the structural panel.
[0013] Preferably, the structural panel has a constant section in order to allow easy cutting and assembly.
[0014] Preferably, a first ply of wood with high mechanical strength has a thickness less than a second ply of wood with low mechanical strength. Thus, the mass of a ply of wood with high mechanical strength is limited, having a greater density compared to a ply of wood with low mechanical strength.
[0015] Preferably, the first plies of wood all have the same thickness which is between 0.6mm and 1mm. Similarly, the second plies of wood all have the same thickness which is between 1mm and 3mm, preferably 2mm. A wooden core formed with first plies and second plies having the same thicknesses has a reduced manufacturing cost, which is advantageous.
[0016] Preferably, the wooden core successively comprises first plies of wood with high mechanical strength, second plies of wood with low mechanical strength and first plies of wood with high mechanical strength.
[0017] The first plies of wood with high mechanical resistance, in rigid and heavy material, are located at the outer faces of the wood core to absorb the greatest tensile forces. In the center of the wood core, the forces are less likely to become negative on the longitudinal axis (called neutral fiber). Also, wood plies with low mechanical strength, less resistant but lighter, can be used in the center of the wood core. This is all the more advantageous as the wood core is thick.
[0018] Advantageously, the wooden core is made up of a symmetrical stack of wooden plies so that the structural panel benefits from the same mechanical characteristics regardless of its direction of use.
[0019] According to one aspect of the invention, the first plies of wood with high mechanical strength are made of okoumé. Okoume plies have a plastic behavior close to that of hemp textile plies, which makes it possible to form a homogeneous panel with materials of different natures. When a ply of hemp textile is glued to a ply of okoumé, the bonding strength is improved. Since the displacements of the hemp textile ply and the okoumé ply are similar during a mechanical force, this avoids any relative displacement of high amplitude likely to shear the bond by gluing.
[0020] According to another aspect of the invention, the second plies of wood with low mechanical strength are made of poplar or balsa. While the first plies of wood are made of heavy material, of the order of 800 kg / m3, the use of second plies of wood with reduced density made of poplar (400 kg / m3) or balsa (140 kg / m3) makes it possible to lighten the structural panel.
[0021] Preferably, the thickness of the first plies of wood is between 30% and 40%, preferably 36%, of the total thickness of the structural panel.
[0022] Preferably, the thickness of the second plies of wood is between 50% and 60%, preferably 55%, of the total thickness of the structural panel.
[0023] The wooden core has a thickness of between 3 and 28 mm, preferably between 9 and 10 mm. Thus, a structural panel according to the invention has a thickness similar to a metal panel or a wooden panel, such a structural panel can thus be used instead of the latter.
[0024] According to a preferred aspect of the invention, the plurality of second plies of wood with low mechanical resistance is perforated, which improves the flexibility of said second plies of wood while limiting the mass of the structural panel.
[0025] Preferably, the plurality of second plies of wood with low mechanical strength has a perforation rate of between 20% and 50%, preferably between 30% and 40%, preferably of the order of 35%. Such a perforation range ensures a compromise between sufficient mechanical strength (low perforation rate) and reduced mass (high perforation rate).
[0026] According to a preferred aspect, the plurality of second high strength wood plies mechanical has perforations extending in the direction of stacking of the wood plies. Such perforations make it possible to limit the number of wood fibers that are perforated in a wood ply, which improves the strength of said plies for the same perforation rate.
[0027] Similarly, according to a preferred aspect of the invention, the plurality of first plies of high mechanical strength wood are perforated, which improves the flexibility of said first plies of wood while limiting the mass of the structural panel. Preferably, the first and second plies of wood are perforated by perforating the wood core, preferably, in the stacking direction of the plies of wood.
[0028] Preferably, the folds of hemp textile are full, continuous, that is to say, not openwork.
[0029] According to one aspect, the structural panel comprises at least two first plies of hemp textile which are crossed at 45° in order to improve mechanical performance.
[0030] According to one aspect, at least one ply of hemp textile has a density of between 200 and 255 grams per m2.
[0031] Advantageously, the first ply of hemp textile and the second ply of hemp textile are identical so as to form a skin of homogeneous mechanical resistance.
[0032] Preferably, at least one ply of hemp textile has a thickness of between 0.5 and 3 mm, preferably of the order of 1 mm. Such a thickness makes it possible to ensure a compromise between reduced mass (low thickness) and significant mechanical resistance (high thickness).
[0033] Preferably, each ply of hemp textile is solid and continuous, that is to say, free of perforations.
[0034] Advantageously, the hemp textile plies are fixed to the wooden core by gluing, preferably using an Epoxy glue.
[0035] The invention also relates to a structural assembly comprising a plurality of structural panels as presented previously. PRESENTATION OF FIGURES
[0036] The invention will be better understood on reading the following description, given solely by way of example, and referring to the appended drawings in which:
[0037] [Fig.l] is a schematic exploded perspective representation of a structural panel according to one embodiment of the invention;
[0038] [Fig.2] is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of a structural panel according to the invention;
[0039] [Fig. 3] is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of a structural panel according to the invention;
[0040] [Fig.4] is a longitudinal sectional view of a third embodiment of a structural panel according to the invention;
[0041] [Fig.5] is a top view of a perforated wooden core of a structural panel according to the invention;
[0042] [Fig.6] is a schematic perspective view of a wooden core with rectangular openings;
[0043] [Fig.7] is a sectional view of an assembly of elementary structural panels to form a bent structural panel;
[0044] [Fig.8] is a sectional view of a curved elementary structural panel;
[0045] [Fig.9] shows an angled structural panel in contact with a planar structural panel to form a construction; and
[0046] [Fig. 10] represents the distribution of bending forces, in longitudinal section, in a structural panel according to the invention.
[0047] It should be noted that the figures set out the invention in detail to implement the invention, said figures can of course be used to better define the invention where appropriate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0048] With reference to [Fig. 1], a structural panel 100 is shown according to one embodiment of the invention. Such a structural panel 100 can be used, in particular, for the construction of habitats.
[0049] Still with reference to [Fig.l], the structural panel 100 comprises a wooden core 2 comprising two opposite external faces A, B on which are fixed respectively a first ply of hemp textile 11 and a second ply of hemp textile 12. Subsequently, the structural panel 100 is represented in the form of a vertical stack comprising successively from top to bottom: the first ply of hemp textile 11, the wooden core 2 and the second ply of hemp textile 12.
[0050] Preferably, the panel 100 has a constant thickness. As will be shown with reference to Figures 1 to 6, the panel 100 is in the form of a plane parallelepiped but it could be bent or curved as illustrated in Figures 7 to 9 to form an angle iron.
[0051] With reference to [Fig. 2], the wooden core 2 of the structural panel 100 comprises a stack of a plurality of first plies of wood 21 and a stack of a plurality of second plies of wood 22, the first plies of wood 21 having a mechanical resistance greater than the second plies of wood 22.
[0052] In this example, the wooden core 2 successively comprises: a stack of a plurality of first plies of wood 21 with high mechanical strength, a stack of a plurality of second plies of wood 22 with low mechanical strength and a stack of a plurality of second plies of wood 22 with low mechanical strength. stacking a plurality of first plies of wood 21 with high mechanical strength. Thus, the panel 100 comprises a plurality of plies whose mechanical strength increases from the center of the panel 100 outward. Indeed, the plies of hemp textile 11, 12 have better mechanical strength than the first plies of wood 21 which have better mechanical strength than the second plies of wood 22, in particular, in tension.
[0053] The hemp textile plies 11, 12 and then the wooden core 2 of the structural panel 100 will now be presented independently.
[0054] Fold of hemp textile
[0055] According to this preferred embodiment, the first ply of hemp textile 11 and the second ply of hemp textile 12 are identical. Each ply of hemp textile 11, 12 is preferably flat and of constant thickness. Preferably, the thickness of a ply of hemp textile 11, 12 is between 0.5 and 2 mm, preferably of the order of 1 mm.
[0056] Such hemp textile plies 11, 12 make it possible to form a hemp textile skin around the wooden core 2 in order to reinforce its mechanical resistance and allow the transmission of tensile and compressive forces. The hemp textile skin also makes it possible to limit the deformation of the structural panel 100, which limits the breakage of the plies 21, 22 of the wooden core 2 and thus improves the safety of the operators in the event of compression or bending, the wooden core 2 not being affected by the external environment. In addition, in the event of breakage of the wooden core 2, the debris from the wooden plies 21, 22 cannot cause injuries since they remain confined in the hemp textile skin.
[0057] The plasticity of the hemp textile plies 11, 12 combined with the damping of the wooden core 2 makes it possible to obtain a structural panel 100 with high “marking” in the event of impact, i.e. having a high tolerance to damage and a high energy absorption capacity, but whose wooden core does not split.
[0058] Advantageously, the hemp textile plies 11, 12 make it possible to protect the wooden core 2 against impacts and buckling, but also against humidity.
[0059] Each ply of hemp textile 11,12 has a density of between 200g / m2 and 255g / m2.
[0060] Wooden soul
[0061] Still with reference to [Fig.2], the wooden core 2 successively comprises a stack of two first plies of wood 21 with high mechanical strength, a stack of three second plies of wood 22 with low mechanical strength; and a stack of two first plies of wood 21 with high mechanical strength. In other words, the wooden core 2 is laminated.
[0062] In this embodiment of the invention, the wood plies 21, 22 are plies unrolled. It goes without saying that sharp folds could also be suitable.
[0063] Each wood ply 21, 22 comprises wood fibers which are oriented. In this embodiment, after stacking the wood plies, two consecutive wood plies have orthogonally oriented fibers, that is to say that the fibers are crossed, so that the structural panel obtained has performances and characteristics which are identical in all directions, like an isotropic material. It goes without saying that for particular applications, the wood plies can be oriented so as to define a preferential direction for transmitting the forces.
[0064] The use of second plies of wood 22 with low mechanical strength makes it possible to limit the mass of the structural panel 100 while providing sufficient mechanical strength. Indeed, with reference to [Fig. 10], the second plies of wood 22 are located at the center of the structural panel 100, that is to say, at the level of the neutral fiber FN of the structural panel 100. In a manner known to those skilled in the art, the neutral fiber FN corresponds to the geometric locus of the entire structural panel 100 not undergoing any force. With reference to [Fig. 10], when the structural panel 10 is subjected to bending stress (bending force EF), the mechanical forces undergone by the structural panel 100 are located in the areas of the structural panel 100 remote from the center of the structural panel 100, the neutral fiber FN being located in the second plies of wood 22 with low mechanical strength at the center of the structural panel 100.
[0065] The structural panel 100 thus has second plies 22 with low mechanical resistance in its center wrapped in first plies 21 with high mechanical resistance which are themselves covered with a skin of hemp textile. Thus, the structural panel 100 allows the transmission of tensile and compressive forces while remaining flexible.
[0066] Thus, the wooden core 2 has a symmetrical stack of wooden plies 21, 22, which homogenizes its mechanical characteristics and advantageously allows the structural panel 100 to be used indifferently depending on its direction, the structural panel 100 also being able to be turned over and still present the same performance in both directions.
[0067] Preferably, the first plies of wood 21 with high mechanical strength are made of okoumé. In this preferred embodiment, each first ply of wood 21 with high mechanical strength has a thickness of between 0.6 mm and 1 mm, preferably approximately 0.8 mm. Advantageously, the performance and plastic behavior characteristics of a first ply of wood 21 with high mechanical strength are close to those of a ply of hemp textile 11, 12 in order to form a homogeneous structural panel 100.
[0068] In order to improve its flexural characteristics, the structural panel 100 comprises a progressive rigidity and density from the center outwards.
[0069] Preferably, the second plies of wood 22 with low mechanical strength are made of poplar. The set of second plies of wood 22 has a reduced mass compared to a set of first plies of wood 21 in order to provide flexibility to the structural panel 100. To limit the mass of the structural panel 100, the second plies of wood 22 with low mechanical strength can be made of balsa, balsa having the disadvantage of being more expensive than poplar.
[0070] In this preferred embodiment, the second wood plies 22 with low mechanical strength are thicker than the first wood plies 21 with high mechanical strength in order to occupy a large volume while having a minimal mass. Preferably, a second wood ply 22 has a thickness of between 1 and 3 mm, preferably 2 mm.
[0071] In this embodiment of the invention, the wooden plies 21, 22 are unrolled plies. It goes without saying that sliced plies could also be suitable.
[0072] The wooden core 2 thus formed has a thickness of the order of 10 mm, which is advantageous and makes it possible to form a structural panel 100 whose thickness is around 11 mm. Such a thickness corresponds to the metal or wooden panels normally used for construction.
[0073] By way of example, the table below represents the constitution of an embodiment of a structural panel 100, as presented previously, the total thickness of which is 11 mm.
[0074] [Tables 1] Type of ply Material Fiber orientation Thickness (mm) Textile ply Hemp - 0.5 First ply Okoume 0 1 First ply Okoume 90 1 Second ply Poplar 90 2 Second ply Poplar 0 2 Second ply Poplar 90 2 First ply Okoume 90 1 First ply Okoume 0 1 Textile ply Hemp - 0.5
[0075] Table 1: Structural panel thickness 11mm
[0076] The invention makes it possible to form a wide range of structural panels 100. realization tests were carried out for wooden cores 2 having a thickness varying from 3mm to 28mm but it goes without saying that thicker structural panels could also be produced. As an example, tables 2 and 3 below show the composition of structural panels with thicknesses of 18 and 30mm respectively.
[0077] [Tables2] Type of ply Material Fiber orientation Thickness (mm) Textile ply Hemp 0 1 First ply Okoume 0 1 First ply Okoume 90 1 First ply Okoume 0 1 Second ply Poplar 90 2 Second ply Poplar 0 2 Second ply Poplar 90 2 Second ply Poplar 0 2 Second ply Poplar 90 2 First ply Okoume 0 1 First ply Okoume 90 1 First ply Okoume 0 1 Textile ply hemp 0 1
[0078] Table 2: Structural panel thickness 18mm
[0079] [Tables3] Type of ply Material Fiber orientation Thickness (mm) Textile ply Hemp 0 1 First ply Okoume 0 1 First ply Okoume 90 1 First ply Okoume 0 1 First ply Okoume 90 1 First ply Okoume 0 1 Second ply Poplar 90 2 Second ply Poplar 0 2 Second ply Poplar 90 2 Second ply Poplar 0 2 Second ply Poplar 90 2 Second ply Poplar 0 2 Second ply Poplar 90 2 First ply Okoume 0 1 First ply Okoume 90 1 First ply Okoume 0 1 First ply Okoume 90 1 First ply Okoume 0 1 Textile ply Hemp 0 1
[0080] Table 3: Structural panel thickness 30mm
[0081] In order to obtain a structural panel 100 combining mechanical strength and lightness, the thickness of the first plies of wood 21 is between 30% and 40%, preferably 36%, of the total thickness of the structural panel 100. Similarly, the thickness of the second plies of wood is between 50% and 60%, preferably 55%, of the total thickness of the structural panel 100.
[0082] Fixing
[0083] In order to hold together the wooden plies 21, 22 of the wooden core 2, the wooden plies 21, 22 are glued, preferably, by means of an Epoxy type glue which ensures good adhesion and long service life. Preferably, the glue is chosen so as not to release toxic substances following an increase in temperature or contact with fire. Such a bonding method also provides resistance to water and humidity (class 2 or 3).
[0084] It goes without saying that other means of fixing could be used, in particular, fixing by bolting the wooden plies 21, 22.
[0085] Similarly, the hemp textile plies 11,12 can be glued, in particular, by means of an Epoxy or Neoprene glue.
[0086] A method of manufacturing a structural panel according to the invention will now be presented.
[0087] The first plies of wood 21 and the second plies of wood 22 are manufactured individually. In this example, the surface area of a ply of wood 21, 22 is of the order of 1.5 m by 2.5 m. The plies of wood 21, 22 are preferably stored flat in a dry room, one on top of the other.
[0088] Before stacking, the first plies of wood 21 and the second plies of wood 22 are previously glued on both sides. Then, to obtain the structural panel 100, a first ply of hemp textile 11, a stack of two first plies of wood 21 with high mechanical strength, a stack of three second plies of wood 22 with low mechanical strength, a stack of two first plies of wood 21 with high mechanical strength and a second ply of hemp textile 12 are successively superimposed. Preferably, the fibers of two successive plies of wood are crossed at 90° in the stack.
[0089] The structural panel 100 is then placed in a matrix and pressurized, for example, by means of a press at 2 or 3 bars of pressure, preferably in a humid atmosphere brought to 70°C. The structural panel 100 is then demolded and trimmed. Advantageously, a structural panel according to the invention is obtained by means of equipment suitable for obtaining ordinary plywood panels.
[0090] Variants
[0091] As an alternative to a solid structural panel 100 as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, various openwork structural panels 101, 102 are also proposed, illustrated in Figures 3 and 4. These structural panels 101, 102 are called “honeycomb”.
[0092] With reference to [Fig. 3] showing a first example of an openwork structural panel 101, the plurality of second plies of wood 22 with low mechanical strength is openwork in order to increase the flexibility of the second plies of wood 22. As illustrated in [Fig. 3], the three second plies of wood 22 with low mechanical strength have perforations 41 extending vertically, that is to say orthogonally to the plane in which each ply of wood 21, 22 extends. The first plies of wood 22 with high mechanical strength are not perforated so as to maintain a mechanical strength raised at the level of the external layers of the structural panel 101.
[0093] With reference to [Fig.4] showing a second example of an openwork structural panel 102, the plurality of second plies of wood 22 with low mechanical strength and the plurality of first plies of wood 21 with high mechanical strength are openwork in order to increase the flexibility of the wooden core 2. As illustrated in [Fig.3], the second plies of wood 22 with low mechanical strength and the first plies of wood 22 with high mechanical strength comprise perforations 42 extending vertically, that is to say orthogonally to the plane in which each ply of wood 21, 22 extends.
[0094] Preferably, the wooden plies 21, 22 are perforated by means of perforations 41, 42 of circular section. Preferably, with reference to [Fig.5] representing a top view of the wooden core 2 of the perforated structural panel 102 of [Fig.4], the perforations 42 are uniformly distributed, preferably, according to a square-shaped mesh of length 2D, a perforation 41, 42 of diameter D of a perforation 42 being formed at each vertex of the mesh. Preferably, the diameter D is between 8mm and 12mm.
[0095] Alternatively, with reference to [Fig.6] representing a schematic view of a wooden core 2, the wooden plies 21, 22 are perforated by means of perforations 41, 42 of rectangular shape in order to locally confer flexibility to the structural panel 101, 102.
[0096] The plurality of second plies of wood 22 with low mechanical strength has a perforation rate of between 20% and 50%, preferably between 30% and 40%, preferably of the order of 35%. Such a perforation rate makes it possible to ensure a compromise between reduced mass and high mechanical strength, in particular, in bending. A structural panel must, for example, allow an operator to walk on a structural panel without it giving way. The diameter D of a perforation 41, 42 is chosen so that no buckling effect occurs in the local area of the hemp textile ply 11, 12 located opposite a perforation 41, 42. For use of a structural panel in an aircraft, the diameter D of a perforation 41, 42 is chosen to prevent detachment of the hemp textile plies 11, 12 in the event of external depression.
[0097] More preferably, the hemp plies 11, 12 can also be perforated in a similar manner to the wooden core 2 in order to reduce the mass of the structural panel 101, 102.
[0098] In order to limit the buckling of the openwork structural panel 101, 102, the thickness of the structural panel is between 4mm and 30mm.
[0099] Elbowed / curved
[0100] Preferably, a bent or curved structural assembly can be formed using several structural panels 100.
[0101] With reference to [Fig.7] showing a bent structural assembly 200, the panels 100, 100' are in contact along their respective edges. For this purpose, at least a plurality of wooden plies 21, 22 are beveled in order to cooperate together and form a structural assembly comprising a square portion. In this example, the wooden core 2, 2' of each structural panel 100, 100' successively comprises two first beveled plies 21, three second beveled plies 22 and two first non-beveled plies 21, the first beveled plies 21 being those located in the concavity of the structural assembly 200 as illustrated in [Fig.7].
[0102] Alternatively, with reference to [Fig.8], instead of using structural panels 100, 100' whose edges are beveled, an intermediate structural panel 100" may be used, formed from plies of hemp textile 11, 12 and plies of wood 21, 22 curved so as to be associated, edge to edge, with structural panels 100, 100' whose edges are straight as illustrated in [Fig.2].
[0103] A bent structural assembly 200 formed from solid structural panels has been presented, but it goes without saying that the structural panels could also be openwork.
[0104] To form, for example, a structural frame for a dwelling, a plurality of structural panels according to the invention are combined together. For example, with reference to [Fig.9], an angled structural assembly 200 is connected to a flat structural panel 100 by bolting (not shown).
[0105] A structural panel according to the invention is advantageous and can be used in various vehicle or housing construction applications.
[0106] As regards water resistance, the hemp textile skin protects the wooden core 2, the side edges of the structural panel can be painted to protect them from rotting. It goes without saying that various additional protection solutions could be considered (finishing with rods or profiles, etc.).
[0107] Such a structural panel has a long service life since it is made up of elements that inherently have a long service life. In addition, such a structural panel can be easily cut to be used in new applications. In addition, such a structural panel can be recycled, which reduces its ecological impact.
[0108] During the tests, it was demonstrated that the structural panel has an extended plastic domain which prevents sudden rupture, the hemp textile plies resisting after rupture and / or delamination of the wood plies 21, 22.
[0109] The invention thus aims to eliminate at least some of these drawbacks.
Claims
Claims
1. Structural panel (100, 101, 102), in particular, for the construction of housing, the panel (100, 101, 102) comprising a wooden core (2) comprising two opposite external faces (A, B) on which are fixed respectively a first ply of hemp textile (11) and a second ply of hemp textile (12), the wooden core (2) comprising a stack of a plurality of first plies of wood (21) and a stack of a plurality of second plies of wood (22), the first plies of wood (21) having a mechanical resistance greater than the second plies of wood (22).
2. Structural panel according to claim 1, in which the wooden core (2) successively comprises: • a stack of a plurality of first plies of wood (21) with high mechanical strength; • a stack of a plurality of second plies of wood (22) with low mechanical strength; and • a stack of a plurality of first plies of wood (21) with high mechanical strength.
3. Structural panel according to one of claims 1 to 2, in which a first ply of wood (21) with high mechanical strength has a thickness less than a second ply of wood (22) with low mechanical strength.
4. Structural panel according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the wooden core (2) consists of a symmetrical stack of wooden plies (21, 22).
5. Structural panel according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the wooden core (2) has a thickness of between 3 and 28mm, preferably between 9 and 10mm.
6. Structural panel according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the plurality of second wood plies (22) with low mechanical resistance are perforated.
7. Structural panel according to claim 6, in which the plurality of second wood plies (22) with low mechanical resistance has a perforation rate of between 20% and 50%, preferably between 30% and 40%, preferably of the order of 35%.
8. Structural panel according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first ply of hemp textile (11) and the second ply of hemp textile (12) are identical.
9. Structural panel according to one of claims 1 to 8, of which at least one ply of hemp textile (11, 12) has a thickness of between 0.5mm and 2mm, preferably of the order of 1mm.