Device for detecting at least one defect in the rolling system of a railway wagon on a train

Abstract

TITLE. Device for detecting at least one defect in a railway wagon's rolling system of a train. The invention relates to a device for detecting (1) at least one defect in a rolling system of a railway wagon that runs on railway rails (2; 2').This detection device (1) comprises: - at least one sensor (4; 4') configured to be fitted to at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') and to capture at least one vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sc1; Sc2) at the level of at least one such railway rail (2; 2') at least at the instant the rolling system passes at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4'); - means for analyzing said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sc1; Sc2); - means for detecting (6) at least one defect in the rolling system, based on the results of the analysis, by the analysis means (5), of said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sc1; Sc2). Figure for the abbreviation: Fig. 1.

Description

Title of the invention: Device for detecting at least one defect in the rolling system of a railway wagon of a train

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for detecting at least one defect in a rolling system of a railway wagon of a train.

[0002] This invention relates to the field of maintenance and repair of railway equipment, more particularly of railway wagons which are part of the composition of a train, in particular of the rolling systems which equip such a railway wagon.

[0003] Without being limited to it, the present invention will find a particularly suitable application when it comes to detecting a possible defect in a railway wagon's rolling system, during the operation of such a railway wagon and outside of the control operations to which such a railway wagon is periodically subjected, in particular between two control operations.

[0004] In this regard, it will be noted that such a control operation is carried out periodically, with a periodicity which varies according to the use of railway equipment, more particularly according to whether the use of railway equipment is considered critical or not.

[0005] Such a control operation consists, in particular, of checking the good condition of the rolling systems of the wagons, more particularly the wheels, axles, bearings, hubs, shock absorbers, in particular the functional clearances, the condition of the bearing boxes or the hot boxes.

[0006] Such an inspection must be carried out in a workshop, which requires interrupting the operation of the railway equipment, removing this equipment from the rail network, transporting it to a maintenance workshop that may be very far away, and even storing it while awaiting inspection and / or after inspection, and then returning it to service on the rail network after the inspection. Therefore, inspecting a railway wagon requires meticulous organization, rigorous logistics, significant resources (particularly human and material), and a considerable loss of revenue for the railway company.

[0007] Furthermore, although periodic inspections have been carried out, defects may appear in the running gear of a railway wagon between successive inspections. Such defects may result from deterioration of the railway network or from an external event. These defects can include acts of vandalism, weather events, unforeseen natural phenomena, or other causes. They can occur shortly after an inspection and only be detected later during a subsequent inspection, potentially creating a safety issue for users between the onset of the defect and its detection.

[0008] The present invention is intended to remedy, at least in part, the drawbacks of prior art devices.

[0009] In an inventive approach, a detection device has been devised, which is designed to detect at least one defect in a rolling system of a railway wagon of a train, which is configured to be implemented in situ, that is to say within the framework of the operation of this railway wagon, and which does not require interrupting the operation of this railway wagon, nor moving this railway wagon to a workshop, or even immobilizing this railway wagon in such a workshop.

[0010] According to another inventive approach, the invention takes advantage of the vibrations which are generated in a rail of a railway track by a railway wagon of a train, this during the rolling of the rolling system of this wagon on this rail.

[0011] The invention also relates to a device for detecting at least one defect in the running gear of a railway car of a train traveling on railway tracks. This detection device comprises:

[0012] - at least one sensor that is configured to equip at least one of the rails railways of the railway track and to capture at least one spectrum of vibratory waves at the level of at least one such railway rail at least at the moment of the passage of the rolling system at least in the vicinity of said at least one sensor;

[0013] - analysis means that are configured to analyze said at least one spectrum of captured vibrational waves;

[0014] - detection means that are configured to detect at least one fault that the bearing system presents, according to the results of the analysis, by the means of analysis, at least one spectrum of vibrational waves captured.

[0015] According to another feature, the detection device comprises, on the one hand, at least one first sensor configured to equip a first railway rail of the track and to capture at least one first spectrum of vibration waves at the level of this first railway rail at least at the instant of the passing of the running system at least near said at least one first sensor; on the other hand, at least one second sensor configured to equip a second railway rail of the track and to capture at least one second spectrum of vibration waves at the level of this second railway rail at least at the instant of the passing of the running system at least near said at least one second sensor; furthermore, the analysis means comprise comparison means which are configured to compare said at least a first captured vibration wave spectrum and said at least a second captured vibration wave spectrum and, on the other hand also, the detection means are configured to detect at least one defect that the bearing system presents, this according to the result of the comparison.

[0016] Another characteristic relates to the fact that, in the detection device, the analysis means comprise, on the one hand, a database which incorporates at least one reference vibration wave spectrum and, on the other hand, comparison means which are configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum with said at least one reference vibration wave spectrum from the database while the detection means are configured to detect at least one defect which the bearing system presents, this according to the result of the comparison.

[0017] Yet another feature relates to the fact that the detection means are configured to detect at least one defect, which the rolling system has, and which is part of a group of defects including a defect which at least one wheel has, a defect which at least one axle has, a defect which at least one hub has, a defect which at least one bearing has or a defect which at least one damping means has.

[0018] The invention also relates to a maintenance assistance installation for railway equipment. This installation comprises, on the one hand, a detection device 1 for at least one fault which has at least some of the characteristics described above, on the other hand, time-stamping means which are configured to time-stamp at least one activation of the detection device, on the other hand, means for determining and recording at least one piece of information relating to the train for which the detection device was activated and, on the other hand, means for correlating the activation of the detection device, the time-stamping of the activation and said at least one piece of information relating to the train.

[0019] Thus, the invention relates to a device for detecting at least one defect in a rolling system of a railway wagon of a train which runs on railway rails of a railway track.

[0020] This detection device comprises at least one sensor configured to be fitted to one of the railway rails and to capture at least one vibration wave spectrum at the level of that railway rail at least at the instant the running gear passes at least near said at least one sensor. This detection device then advantageously makes it possible to detect at least one defect, firstly, by recording a common and easily measurable physical characteristic (at least one vibration wave spectrum), and secondly, by implementing a common and easily deployed technology (at least one vibration sensor). work, on the other hand, by carrying out a survey in a place (at the level of a railway rail) easily accessible, on the other hand also, by maintaining the operation of the railway wagon and without causing any loss of operation.

[0021] Moreover, this detection device advantageously allows for the detection of a defect in a rapid, non-intrusive and non-destructive manner, but also without requiring lengthy investigations and without requiring dismantling.

[0022] In addition, this detection device advantageously allows for the early detection of a defect after its occurrence and, in any case, before a periodic inspection, which makes it possible, where necessary, to anticipate intervention and prevent the defect from worsening or even becoming irreparable. This detection device thus also contributes to improving the safety of users and transported goods.

[0023] The present invention also relates to a maintenance assistance system for railway equipment. In particular, the implementation of the detection device according to the invention advantageously allows for the detection of a defect before a periodic inspection, which makes it possible, as appropriate, to plan or even anticipate a maintenance operation, and also to prepare the resources necessary for carrying out such maintenance. Furthermore, this system advantageously allows for particularly precise targeting of maintenance operations and, thus, to improve the organization and efficiency of maintenance workshops.

[0024] Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent during the following description relating to embodiments which are given only by way of indicative and non-limiting examples.

[0025] Understanding this description will be facilitated by referring to the attached drawing, in which:

[0026] [Fig.1] represents a schematic top view of a railway track and a detection device according to a first type of embodiment of the invention.

[0027] [Fig.2] represents a schematic top view of a railway and a detection device conforming to a second type of embodiment of the invention.

[0028] With reference to the figures in the accompanying drawings, the present invention relates to the field of maintenance and repair of railway equipment, more particularly of railway wagons which are part of the composition of a train, in particular of the rolling systems which equip such a railway wagon.

[0029] The invention relates, then, to a detection device 1 which is configured to detect at least one defect which has a rolling system (not shown) which comprises a railway wagon of a train which runs on railway rails (2; 2') which comprise a railway track 3.

[0030] This detection device 1 includes at least one sensor (4; 4') which is configured to equip at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track 3 and to capture at least one spectrum of vibration waves (Sc; Sel; Sc2) at the level of at least one such railway rail (2; 2'), this at least at the time of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4').

[0031] In this regard, it will be observed that such a spectrum of vibratory waves (Sc; Sel; Sc2) corresponds, more particularly, to a spectrum of vibratory waves generated at the level of a railway rail (2; 2'), more particularly inside such a railway rail (2; 2'), this by the rolling of a rolling system of a railway wagon on such a railway rail (2; 2').

[0032] This detection device 1 also includes analysis means 5 which are configured to analyze said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sel; Sc2).

[0033] Finally, this detection device 1 includes detection means 6 which are configured to detect at least one defect that the bearing system presents, according to the results of the analysis, by the analysis means 5, of said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sel; Sc2).

[0034] As mentioned above, the detection device 1 includes at least one sensor (4; 4') which is configured to equip at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track 3.

[0035] Also, and according to a first type of embodiment illustrated [Fig. 1], the detection device 1 comprises, on the one hand, at least one first sensor 4 which is configured to equip a first railway rail 2 of the railway track 3 and to capture at least one first spectrum of vibration waves Sel at the level of this first railway rail 2, this at least at the moment of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one first sensor 4. On the other hand, this detection device 1 comprises at least one second sensor 4' which is configured to equip a second railway rail 2' of the railway track 3 and to capture at least one second spectrum of vibration waves Sc2 at the level of this second railway rail 2', this at least at the moment of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one second sensor 4'.

[0036] In this detection device 1, the analysis means 5 include comparison means 50 which are configured to compare said at least a first captured vibration wave spectrum Sel and said at least a second captured vibration wave spectrum Sc2.

[0037] In this detection device 1, the detection means 6 are configured to detect at least one defect that the bearing system presents, according to the result of the comparison carried out by the comparison means 50.

[0038] In this regard, it will be observed that these detection means 6 are, then, more particularly, configured to detect a defect that the bearing system presents, this when the comparison means 50 (which these analysis means 5 comprise) identify a difference between said at least a first vibration wave spectrum captured Sel and said at least a second vibration wave spectrum captured Sc2.

[0039] As mentioned above, the detection device 1 includes at least one sensor (4; 4') which is configured to capture at least one vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sel; Sc2) at the level of at least one railway rail (2; 2') at least at the time of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4').

[0040] Also, according to a second type of embodiment illustrated [Fig.2], in the detection device 1, the analysis means 5 comprise, on the one hand, a database 51 which incorporates at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sri; Sr2; Sr3) and, on the other hand, comparison means 50 which are configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum Sc with said at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sri; Sr2; Sr3) from the database 51. In this detection device 1, the detection means 6 are, then, configured to detect at least one defect that the bearing system presents, according to the result of the comparison carried out by the comparison means 50.

[0041] According to a first embodiment of this second type of embodiment, in the detection device 1, on the one hand, the database 51 incorporates a reference vibration wave spectrum Sri which corresponds to a bearing system free of defects. On the other hand, in this detection device 1, the comparison means 50 are configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum Sc with said reference vibration wave spectrum Sri of the database 51. Furthermore, the detection means 6 are then configured to detect a defect in the bearing system when the comparison means 50 identify a difference between said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum Sc and the reference vibration wave spectrum Sri.

[0042] According to a second embodiment of this second type of embodiment, said database 51 may incorporate a reference vibration wave spectrum Sri that corresponds to a bearing system exhibiting a specific type of defect (more particularly from a group of defects that will be described in more detail below). In such a case, the comparison means 50 are configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum Sc with said reference vibration wave spectrum Sri from the database 51. Also in this case, the detection means 6 are configured to detect the type of defect that the bearing system present, this when the comparison means 50 identify a correspondence between said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum Sc and the reference vibration wave spectrum Sri.

[0043] However, according to a preferred embodiment of this second type of embodiment, the database 51 incorporates a plurality of reference vibration wave spectra (Sri; Sr2; Sr3), each corresponding to a type of defect (more specifically, from a group of defects that will be described in more detail below) that the bearing system is likely to exhibit. The comparison means 50 are then configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum Sc with the plurality of reference vibration wave spectra (Sri; Sr2; Sr3) in the database 51. Finally, the detection means 6 are configured to detect at least one type of defect that the bearing system exhibits, based on the result of the comparison performed by the comparison means 50.

[0044] In this regard, it will be observed that, more precisely, the detection means 6 can be configured to detect at least one defect that the bearing system presents, when the comparison means 50 identify at least one correspondence between said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc) and at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sri; Sr2; Sr3) from the database 51.

[0045] As mentioned above, the detection means 6 are configured to detect at least one fault that the bearing system has.

[0046] In this regard, it will be observed that said at least one defect is, then, part of a group of defects comprising a defect that at least one wheel has, a defect that at least one axle has, a defect that at least one hub has, a defect that at least one bearing has or a defect that at least one damping means has.

[0047] As mentioned above, the detection device 1 includes at least one sensor (4; 4') which is configured to capture at least one spectrum of vibration waves (Sc; Sel; Sc2) at the level of at least one railway rail (2; 2'), this at least at the time of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4').

[0048] In this regard, it will be observed that such a sensor (4; 4') can then be configured to capture at least one frequency and at least one amplitude which corresponds, more particularly, to such a frequency. Said at least one frequency and said at least one amplitude (which corresponds, more particularly, to such a frequency) then correspond to said at least one spectrum of vibrational waves captured (Sc; Sel; Sc2) which is, more particularly, at least such an amplitude as a function of at least such a frequency.

[0049] As mentioned above, the analysis means 5 (which the detection device 1 comprises) include comparison means 50.

[0050] In this regard, it will be observed that, according to a first embodiment (corresponding, more particularly, to the first type of embodiment described above), such comparison means 50 can then be configured to compare, on the one hand, at least one frequency and at least one amplitude (more particularly that which corresponds to such a frequency) which is presented by said at least a first vibration wave spectrum Sel captured at the level of the first railway rail 2 of the railway track 3 and, on the other hand, at least one frequency and at least one amplitude (more particularly that which corresponds to such a frequency) which is presented by said at least a second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured at the level of the second railway rail 2' of the railway track 3. Such comparison means 50 then correspond, more particularly, to the first type of embodiment described above.

[0051] According to a second embodiment (corresponding, more particularly, to the second type of embodiment described above), the comparison means 50 can be configured to compare, on the one hand, at least one frequency and at least one amplitude (more particularly which corresponds to such a frequency) which is present in at least one vibration wave spectrum Sc captured at the level of at least one railway rail (2; 2') and, on the other hand, at least one frequency and at least one amplitude (which corresponds to such a frequency) which is present in at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sri; Sr2; Sr3) from the database (51).

[0052] As mentioned above, the detection device 1 includes at least one sensor (4; 4') which is configured to equip at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track (3) and to capture at least one spectrum of vibration waves (Sc; Sel; Sc2) at the level of at least one such railway rail (2; 2') at least at the time of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4').

[0053] In this regard, it will be noted that, according to another characteristic, the detection device 1 may comprise at least one pair of sensors (4; 4'). The sensors (4; 4') of such a pair of sensors (4; 4') are configured, on the one hand, to equip one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track (3), on the other hand, to be implanted at a determined distance from each other (such a distance being between 5 and 15 meters, preferably on the order of 10 meters) and, on the other hand, to capture, each, at least one spectrum of vibration waves (Sel; Sc2) at the level of such a railway rail (2; 2') at least at the moment of the passage of the rolling system at least in the vicinity of such a sensor (4; 4').

[0054] In this detection device 1, the analysis means 5 include comparison means 50 which are configured to compare said at least one vibration wave spectrum Sel captured by one of the sensors (4; 4') of the pair of sensors (4; 4') with said at least one vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured by the other sensor (4; 4') of the pair of sensors (4; 4').

[0055] These characteristics advantageously allow validation of the relevance of said at least one vibration wave spectrum Sel captured by one of the sensors (4; 4') of the pair of sensors (4; 4') and / or of said at least one vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured by the other sensor (4; 4') of the pair of sensors (4; 4'), this according to the result of the comparison carried out by the comparison means 50, more particularly in the case of correspondence between these two vibration wave spectra (Sel; Sc2) captured.

[0056] The detection device 1 can then, in case of validation of relevance, be configured to retain said at least one vibration wave spectrum Sel captured by one of the sensors (4; 4') of the pair of sensors (4; 4') and / or said at least one vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured by the other sensor (4; 4') of the pair of sensors (4; 4'), this in order to detect at least one defect that a bearing system presents in accordance with the first or second type of embodiment mentioned above.

[0057] As mentioned above, said at least one sensor (4; 4') is configured to equip at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track (3) and to capture at least one spectrum of vibration waves (Sc; Sel; Sc2) at the level of at least one such railway rail (2; 2') at least at the time of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4').

[0058] According to another feature, said at least one sensor (4; 4') is configured to capture, on the one hand, at least one first vibration wave spectrum Sel at the level of at least one such railway rail (2; 2'), at the instant the rolling system passes at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4'). Said at least one first vibration wave spectrum Sel captured can then be at least one instantaneous vibration wave spectrum Sel captured.

[0059] Furthermore, said at least one sensor (4; 4') is configured to capture at least a second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 at the level of such a railway rail (2; 2'), this in a time-shifted manner relative to the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4'). Such a sensor (4; 4') is, then, configured to capture such vibration wave spectrum Sc2 before or (and preferably) after the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4'), more particularly after a determined time interval before or (and preferably) after the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4'). Said at least a second spectrum of captured Sc2 vibrational waves can, then, be at least a second spectrum of captured Sc2 vibrational waves of propagation.

[0060] In such a case, the analysis means 5 include comparison means 50 which are configured to compare said at least a first captured vibratory wave spectrum Sel (more particularly, said at least a first instantaneous captured vibratory wave spectrum Sel) with said at least a second captured vibratory wave spectrum Sc2 (more particularly said at least a second captured vibratory wave spectrum Sc2 of propagation).

[0061] These characteristics advantageously allow validation of the relevance of said at least one first vibratory wave spectrum Sel captured (more particularly, of said at least one first instantaneous vibratory wave spectrum Sel captured) and / or of said at least one second vibratory wave spectrum Sc2 captured (more particularly of said at least one second vibratory wave spectrum Sc2 captured during propagation), this depending on the result of the comparison carried out by the comparison means 50, more particularly in the case of correspondence between these two vibratory wave spectra (Sel; Sc2) captured (instantaneous and during propagation).

[0062] The detection device 1 can then, in case of validation of relevance, be configured to retain said at least one first vibration wave spectrum Sel captured (more particularly, said at least one first instantaneous vibration wave spectrum Sel captured) and / or said at least one second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured (more particularly, said at least one second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured propagation), this to detect at least one defect that a bearing system presents in accordance with the first or second type of embodiment mentioned above.

[0063] According to another feature, the detection device 1 may further include fastening means which are configured to fix said at least one sensor (4; 4') on at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track (3), these fastening means being of the magnetic type.

[0064] Such fixing means advantageously allow such a sensor (4; 4') to be fixed on such a railway rail (2; 2'), without intrusion on or into such a railway rail (2; 2') and / or without causing damage to such a railway rail (2; 2').

[0065] The invention also relates to a maintenance assistance installation for railway equipment.

[0066] This installation includes, on the one hand, a detection device 1 for at least one fault which has at least some of the characteristics described above.

[0067] On the other hand, this installation includes time-stamping means which are configured to time-stamp at least one implementation of the detection device 1, more specifically the results of the implementation of this detection device 1, in particular a defect detected during the implementation of this detection device 1.

[0068] Furthermore, this installation includes means for determining and recording at least one piece of information relating to the train for which the detection device 1 has been implemented (more particularly for which said at least one fault is detected).

[0069] Finally, this installation includes means for correlating the implementation of the detection device 1 (more particularly the results of this implementation, in particular the detection of said at least one fault), the timestamp of the implementation and said at least one piece of information relating to the train.

[0070] Thus, this installation includes means for determining and recording at least one piece of information relating to the train for which the detection device 1 has been implemented.

[0071] In this regard, it will be noted that said at least one piece of information may include the number of the train for which at least one fault is detected.

[0072] Alternatively or (and preferably) additionally, said at least one piece of information may include the order number of the wagon in the train for which said at least one defect is detected.

[0073] Alternatively or (and preferably) additionally, said at least one piece of information may include the number of the wagon axle or the number of the train axle for which at least one defect is detected.

[0074] Finally, said at least one piece of information may include the element (more particularly the wheel, axle, bearing and / or shock absorber) of the rolling system (more particularly of the train car) for which at least one defect is detected.

Claims

1.

2. Demands A detection device (1) for at least one defect in the running gear of a railway car of a train running on railway rails (2; 2') of a railway track (3), this detection device (1) comprises: - at least one sensor (4; 4') which is configured to equip at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track (3) and to capture at least one spectrum of vibration waves (Sc; Sel; Sc2) at the level of at least one such railway rail (2; 2') at least at the time of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4'); - analysis means (5) which are configured to analyze said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sel; Sc2); - detection means (6) configured to detect at least one defect in the rolling system, based on the results of the analysis, by the analysis means (5), of said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sel; Sc2). Detection device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises, on the one hand, at least one first sensor (4) configured to equip a first railway rail (2) of the railway track (3) and to capture at least one first vibration wave spectrum (Sel) at the level of this first railway rail (2) at least at the moment of the passing of the rolling system at least in the vicinity of said at least one first sensor (4), on the other hand,at least one second sensor (4') which is configured to equip a second railway rail (2') of the railway track (3) and to capture at least one second vibration wave spectrum (Sc2) at the level of this second railway rail (2') at least at the moment of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one second sensor (4'), furthermore, the analysis means (5) comprise comparison means (50) which are configured to compare said at least one first vibration wave spectrum captured (Sel) and said at least one second vibration wave spectrum captured (Sc2) and, furthermore, the detection means (6) are configured to detect at least one defect that the rolling system presents, this according to the result of the comparison.

3. Detection device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the detection means (6) are configured to detect a defect that the bearing system presents, this when the comparison means (50) identify a difference between said at least a first captured vibration wave spectrum (Sel) and said at least a second captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc2).

4. Detection device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the analysis means (5) comprise, on the one hand, a database (51) which incorporates at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sri; Sr2; Sr3) and, on the other hand, comparison means (50) which are configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc) with said at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sri; Sr2; Sr3) from the database (51) while the detection means (6) are configured to detect at least one defect that the bearing system presents, this according to the result of the comparison.

5. Detection device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that, on the one hand, the database (51) incorporates a reference vibration wave spectrum (Sri) which corresponds to a bearing system free of defects, on the other hand, the comparison means (50) are configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc) with said reference vibration wave spectrum (Sri) of the database (51) and, on the other hand, the detection means (6) are configured to detect a defect that the bearing system presents, this when the comparison means (50) identify a difference between said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc) and the reference vibration wave spectrum (Sri).

6. A detection device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that, on the one hand, the database (51) incorporates a plurality of reference vibration wave spectra (Sri; Sr2; Sr3), each corresponding to a type of defect that the bearing system is likely to exhibit, on the other hand, the comparison means (50) are configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc) with the plurality of reference vibration wave spectra (Sri; Sr2; Sr3) in the database (51), and, furthermore, the detection means (6) are configured to detect at least one type of defect that the bearing system present, this depending on the result of the comparison.

7. Detection device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the detection means (6) detect at least one defect that the bearing system presents, this when the comparison means (50) identify at least one match between said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc) and at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sri; Sr2; Sr3) from the database (51).

8. A detection device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection means (6) are configured to detect at least one defect, which the rolling system has, and which is part of a group of defects comprising a defect which at least one wheel has, a defect which at least one axle has, a defect which at least one hub has, a defect which at least one bearing has or a defect which at least one damping means has.

9. A detection device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one sensor (4; 4') is configured to capture at least one frequency and at least one amplitude of such frequency, said at least one frequency and said at least one amplitude correspond to said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sel; Sc2).

10. Detection device (1) according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the comparison means (50) compare, on the one hand, at least one frequency and at least one amplitude which is present in said at least one first vibration wave spectrum (Sel) captured at the level of the first railway rail (2) and, on the other hand, at least one frequency and at least one amplitude which is present in said at least one second vibration wave spectrum (Sc2) captured at the level of the second railway rail (2').

11. A detection device (1) according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the comparison means (50) compare, on the one hand, at least one frequency and at least one amplitude exhibited by at least one vibration wave spectrum (Sc) captured at the level of at least one railway rail (2; 2') and, on the other hand, at least one frequency and at least one amplitude exhibited by the minus a reference vibration wave spectrum (Sri; Sr2; Sr3) from the database (51).

12. A detection device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, firstly, it comprises at least one pair of sensors (4; 4'), secondly, the sensors (4; 4') of such a pair of sensors (4; 4') are configured to be mounted on one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track (3), to be installed at a predetermined distance from each other and to capture, each, at least one vibration wave spectrum (Sel; Sc2) at the level of such railway rail (2; 2') at least at the instant of the passing of the rolling system at least in the vicinity of such a sensor (4; 4'), and, furthermore, the analysis means (5) comprise comparison means (50) which are configured to compare said at least one vibration wave spectrum (Sel) captured by one of the sensors (4; 4') of the pair of sensors (4; 4') with said at least one vibration wave spectrum (Sc2) captured by the other sensor (4; 4') of the pair of sensors (4; 4').

13. A detection device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one sensor (4; 4') is configured to capture, on the one hand, at least a first vibration wave spectrum (Sel) at the level of at least one railway rail (2; 2'), this at the time of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4') and, on the other hand, at least a second vibration wave spectrum (Sc2) at the level of such a railway rail (2; 2'), this in a time-shifted manner with respect to the time of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4') while the analysis means (5) comprise comparison means (50) which are configured to compare said at least a first vibration wave spectrum (Sel) captured with said at least a second vibration wave spectrum (Sc2) captured.

14. A detection device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises fastening means which are configured to fix said at least one sensor (4; 4') on at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track (3), these fastening means being of the magnetic type.

15. Railway equipment maintenance aid installation, this installation comprises, on the one hand, a detection device (1) for at least one fault conforming to any one of the claims previous, on the one hand, timestamping means which are configured to timestamp at least one implementation of the detection device (1), on the other hand, means to determine and record at least one piece of information relating to the train for which the detection device (1) has been implemented and, on the other hand also, means to correlate the implementation of the detection device (1), the timestamp of the implementation and said at least one piece of information relating to the train.

Images