Vermicast compositions and methods for making and use

Abstract

An aqueous composition comprising a liquid extract of a vermicast, wherein a total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is from 3.0-4.5 g / L. There is also a method of producing the aqueous co

Description

The present invention is in the field of liquid plant fertilisers and inoculants, in particular, plant fertilisers and inoculants deriving from vermicast. Methods of making the composition and methods of use of the composition are also provided. BACKGROUND Modern intensive crop production is often reliant on using large amounts of chemical fertilisers. Years of such aggressive growing practices worldwide has resulted in a progressive and serious depletion of soil life and quality. Excessive use of chemical fertilisers results in negative adverse effects such as soil acidification, heavy metal contamination, an imbalance in microorganism populations, damage to the soil microbiome, nitrogen leaching and soil compaction. Soil and water pollution from chemical agriculture has been shown to have detrimental effects on the surrounding ecosystem. Furthermore, the efficacy of chemical fertilisers on crop yield has been decreasing over time. In light of the above concerns, there is a growing demand for organic alternatives to chemical fertilisers. Vermicomposting is also commonly referred to as worm culture, worm composting, or vermiculture. Vermicomposting is a bio-oxidative process which involves the biological decomposition of soil and / or other organic matter by worm species and microorganisms. Common worm species used in vermicomposting include various surface dwelling epigeic earthworms such as Eisenia fetida, Eisenia andrei, Eisenia hortensis, Dendrobaena veneta, Lumbricus rubellus, Perionyx excavatus, Eudrilus eugeniae. Amynthas gracilis. During digestion, earthworms break down minerals and organic waste into simplified, more readily usable forms. This unique process allows plants to more easily access and utilise minerals and nutrients required for plant growth and respiration. The solid product deriving from vermicomposting is commonly referred to as a “vermicast” A vermicast is a highly porous, peat-like material which is abundant in nutrients and beneficial microorganisms. Vermicasts have been shown to be excellent organic soil fertilisers, soil inoculates and soil conditioners, which improve soil biodiversity by promoting an abundance of beneficial microorganisms and nutrients, vermicasts are known in the art to enhance plant growth, improve root growth and structure thus directly providing an improved crop yield. Using a solid vermicast offers advantages such as reducing reliance on commercially manufactured fertilisers that have long-term detrimental effects on the environment. On the downside, solid vermicasts can be challenging to spread on a large scale as required for a commercial arable environment where current technology and equipment is based on liquid spraying. As such, compost “teas” are being increasingly recognised as an avenue for providing the benefits of vermicast whilst overcoming some of the challenges associated with commercial application. The term ‘compost tea’ refers to a nutrient and microbially enriched solution, derived from vermicast which can be used in home and commercial agriculture and horticulture environments. There are a number of techniques established for the production of compost teas, which generally involves the use of a high-quality compost, such as a vermicast which is added to a liquid medium, usually water. A compost tea can then be obtained by isolating the liquid extract by filtration, as a liquid filtrate. Compost teas can be applied either to the soil or directly to the plant foliage, dependent on the desired results. While the agricultural industry widely acknowledges the application of compost tea as an organic fertiliser, there remains a number of recognised limitations. For optimal results, compost teas must be applied within a short time period after production to ensure that the beneficial micro-organisms survive and remain viable until application. As such, compost teas cannot generally be stored for extended periods of time as they are prone to rapid deterioration in efficacy. Additionally, as the active microbial content begins to deteriorate over time, a strong and unpleasant odour is produced. Failure to apply the compost tea within the designated time window leads to spoilage, causing loss of product and waste to the user. One approach to address this disadvantage is to render the microbes in the compost tea dormant until application, when the microbes are then re-activated. The term “dormant” in this context means the microbes are in a state of reduced or inactive metabolic function. A state of dormancy is utilised by microbes to withstand period of stress such as those induced by harsh or unfavourable environmental conditions. During dormancy microbes do not grow or reproduce but remain viable and have the potential to reactivate when environmental conditions become more favourable. US patent US11560341B2 describes a process for manufacturing a liquid fertiliser from vermicast. High concentrations of molasses are described as being used for inducing microbe dormancy. Molasses bring an excess of sugars (carbohydrates) that are not needed in the life cycle of the plant / crop. The growth cycle of the seed and plant produces specific carbohydrate as exudates that signal for the particular microbes that the plant species requires to thrive. Not adding molasses or other foreign carbohydrates allows for the microbial population to grow in a way that is more beneficial to the plant. PCT patent application published as WO2005067550A2 describes a method of producing vermicast tea granules which can be soaked as required to produce compost tea as a liquid fertiliser. A shelf life of up to 3 months is described for the tea granules. However, the liquid fertiliser must be used upon production. There remains a need to provide a vermicast-derived liquid fertiliser which has a substantial and diverse population of beneficial microbes, is stable, has a long shelf-life and lacks odour, thus allowing for extended room temperature storage and safe use. SUMMARY OF INVENTION In a first aspect, the invention provides aqueous composition comprising: a liquid extract of a vermicast, wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast comprises humic acid; wherein the total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is from approximately 3.0 g / L to approximately 4.5 g / L In an embodiment, the vermicast comprises the total amount of humic acid. In alternative embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises extraneous humic acid, i.e. humic acid not present in the verimcast. In an embodiment, the aqueous composition comprises: a liquid extract of a vermicast, wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast comprises humic acid; and wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast is obtained from a mixture of a vermicast and water in a ratio of from approximately 1:3 (w / v) to approximately 1:50 (w / v); and wherein the total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is from approximately 3.0 g / L to approximately 4.5 g / L. In an embodiment, the aqueous composition comprises: a liquid extract of a vermicast, wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast comprises humic acid; and extraneous humic acid; wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast is obtained from a mixture of a vermicast and water in a ratio of from approximately 1:15 (w / v) to approximately 1:25 (w / v); and wherein the total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is from approximately 3.0 g / L to approximately 4.5 g / L. In an embodiment, the total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is from approximately 3.5 g / L to approximately 4.0 g / L. Suitably, the total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is approximately 3.7 g / L. In an embodiment, the liquid extract of a vermicast is an aqueous extract of a vermicast and water in a ratio of from approximately 1:17 (w / v) to approximately 1:23 (w / v). Suitably, the liquid extract of a vermicast is an aqueous extract of a vermicast and water in a ratio of approximately 1:20. In an embodiment, the water is non-chlorinated. In an embodiment, the aqueous composition further comprises one or more additives. Suitably, the additives are present in the aqueous composition in an amount of between 1wt% to 10wt% based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. Suitably, the additive is a natural protein source. Suitably, the additive is selected form the group consisting of seaweed; seaweed component; algae; and algae component. In an embodiment, the aqueous composition consists of the liquid extract of a vermicast and humic acid. In an embodiment, the vermicast is manufactured using worms and organic matter; and wherein the worms are present at a mass of at least 1000 worms per 0.092 m2 (1 square foot) of organic matter in a bed depth of 3cm to 6cm. In an embodiment, the vermicast is manufactured using a continuous flow-through system. In an embodiment, the aqueous composition has a microbe population; and wherein the microbe population is at least substantially dormant, suitably, the microbe population is dormant. In an embodiment, the aqueous composition has a shelf life of at least 1 month. In an embodiment, the aqueous composition has a pH of from approximately 6 to 8. In a second aspect, the invention provides a product formed from the aqueous composition of the first aspect of the invention. In an embodiment, the product is selected from the group consisting of: soil inoculate; fertiliser; soil conditioner; soil additive; compost activator; plant immunity enhancer; growth stimulator; soil and plant health supplement; natural agricultural inputs; vermiwash; worm extract; and combinations thereof. In a third aspect, the invention provides a method of producing an aqueous composition comprising the steps of: a) contacting a vermicast and humic acid in water to form a slurry; b) mixing the slurry; c) separating the slurry to obtain the aqueous composition as a liquid, wherein in step (a) the vermicastand water are contacted in a ratio of from approximately 1:15 (w / v) to approximately 1:25 (w / v); and wherein the total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is from approximately 3.0 g / L to approximately 4.5 g / L. In an embodiment, the vermicast comprises the total amount of humic acid. In alternative embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises extraneous humic acid, i.e. humic acid not present in the verimcast. In embodiments, the vermicast and humic acid in step (a) are contacted to form a solid mixture. In further embodiments, the separating in step (c) is filtering, and the aqueous composition is obtained at the filtrate. In an embodiment, step b) comprises mixing the slurry for approximately from 22 to 28 hours. Suitably, step b) comprises mixing the slurry for approximately 24 hours. In an embodiment, the method is used for producing the aqueous composition of the first aspect, or the product of the second aspect. In a fourth aspect, the invention provides use of the aqueous composition of the first aspect, or the product of the second aspect, as a soil inoculate; fertiliser; soil conditioner; soil additive; compost activator; plant immunity enhancer; growth stimulator; soil and plant health supplement; natural agricultural inputs; vermiwash; worm extract; and combinations thereof. In a fifth aspect, the invention provides an aqueous composition comprising: a vermicast extract, wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast comprises humic acid; and extraneous humic acid; wherein the vermicast extract is an aqueous extract of a vermicast and water in a ratio of from approximately 1:15 (w / v) to approximately 1:25 (w / v); and wherein the humic acid is present in the aqueous composition in an amount from approximately 3.0 g / L and approximately 4.5 g / L; wherein the aqueous composition is prepared by a method comprising the steps of: a) contacting the vermicast and humic acid in water to form a slurry; b) mixing the slurry; c) separating the slurry to obtain the aqueous composition as a liquid. In an embodiment, the vermicast comprises the total amount of humic acid. In alternative embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises extraneous humic acid, i.e. humic acid not present in the verimcast. In embodiments, the vermicast and humic acid in step (a) are contacted to form a solid mixture. In further embodiments, the separating in step (c) is filtering, and the aqueous composition is obtained at the filtrate. In a sixth aspect, the invention provides a product as formed from the aqueous composition of the fifth aspect, wherein the product is selected from the group consisting of: soil inoculate; fertiliser; soil conditioner; soil additive; compost activator; plant immunity enhancer; growth stimulator; soil and plant health supplement; natural agricultural inputs; vermiwash; worm extract; and combinations thereof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The invention generally relates to a formulation, method of manufacture and method of use of an aqueous composition comprising a vermicast extract; and humic acid; wherein the vermicast extract is an aqueous extract of a vermicast and water. In an embodiment, the sprayable solution comprises humic acid, suitably humic acid in an amount from approximately 3.0 g / L and approximately 4.5 g / L. For convenience, before further description of the present disclosure, certain terms employed in the specification, and examples, are delineated here. These definitions should be read in the light of the remainder of the disclosure and understood as by a person of skill in the art. The terms used herein have the meanings recognised and known to those of skill in the art, however, for convenience and completeness, particular terms and their meanings are set forth below. The articles ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ are used to refer to one or to more than one (i.e. to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article. As used herein, the term ‘comprising’ means any of the recited elements are necessarily included and other elements may optionally be included as well. ‘Consisting essentially of’ means any recited elements are necessarily included, elements which would materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the listed elements are excluded, and other elements may optionally be included. ‘Consisting of’ means that all elements other than those listed are excluded. Embodiments defined by each of these terms are within the scope of this invention. The term ‘comprising’, when used in respect of certain components of the composition, should be understood to provide explicit literal basis for the term ‘consisting’ essentially of and ‘consisting’ of those same components. As used herein the term “organic matter” refers to any material that contains carbon compounds derived from living organisms or their byproducts. This can include a wide range of substances, such as plant residues, animal waste, decaying plant and animal matter, microorganisms, and other organic materials. The term organic matter is known in the art and is used interchangeably with the terms such as, but not limited to, “biomass”, “organic residues” and “organic detritus”. As used herein the term “vermicast” refers to a nutrient-rich organic substance produced through the action of worms and soil-borne microbes on soil and / or other organic matter (vermicomposting). Vermicast is a solid organic soil and plant inoculant with various uses in agriculture, landscaping, horticulture and gardening, including but not limited to, as a soil inoculate; fertiliser; soil conditioner; soil additive; compost activator; plant immunity enhancer; growth stimulator; soil and plant health supplement; natural agricultural inputs; compost; and combinations thereof. The term “vermicast” is known in the art and is used interchangeably with the terms such as, but not limited to, worm casts, worm castings, worm hummus, vermicompost and worm manure. As used herein the term “vermicomposting” refers to the decomposition of organic matter by earthworms and microorganisms to produce a vermicast. Earthworms consume the organic matter, breaking it down into simpler compounds, which are then further decomposed by microorganisms present in the earthworm's gut and in the surrounding environment, to produce the vermicast. The term “vermicomposting” is known in the art and is used interchangeably with the terms such as, but not limited to, worm composting, vermiculture, worm cast production and worm culture. As used herein the term “continuous flow-through” refers to a method of vermicomposting which utilises a container that allows for organic matter to be added at the top and vermicast to be harvested from the bottom, with composting worms remaining undisturbed in the upper layers of organic matter. Unlike batch systems where all materials are added at once and then left to decompose, in continuous flow-through systems, optimal measured quantities of organic matter is added gradually, while finished compost is simultaneously harvested from the bottom of the system. Factors such as humidity, pH, worm population, temperature, flow rate, electroconductivity, salinity, and porosity of the substrate are carefully regulated to achieve a steady production of high-quality compost without the need for periodic mixing or turning. As used herein the term “compost extract” or “vermicast extract” refers to a liquid solution derived from steeping or suspending compost, suitably vermicast in water for a period of time. During this time, water-soluble nutrients, microorganisms, enzymes, hormones, and other compounds present in the solid compost material are released and solubilised into the water, which after removal of the solid, non-soluble material, for example by filtering, creates a nutrient-rich and biologically diverse liquid fertiliser. Typically, the period of time for the steeping is short, for example 1-2 hours, which does not allow for microorganisms to reproduce and grow significantly. The microbes in compost extracts remain viable and active. The term “compost tea” or “vermicast tea” as used herein is distinguished from a compost extract in that compost teas are actively brewed with a food source / nutrient blend, catalysts and aeration to stimulate microbial reproduction and growth. Typically, the brewing process takes longer than simple extraction, for example, between 24 and 48 hours. Examples of food sources are molasses, kelp powder, and fish powder. Examples of microbial catalysts are humic acid, yucca extract, and rock dust. The microbes in compost tea remain viable and active. As used herein the term “humic acid” refers to a sub-category of humic substances which are generated during the natural decomposition process of plant and animal materials. Humic substances constitute the primary organic component in soil and surface water, encompassing humic, humic acids, and fulvic acids. Humic substances significantly influence the structure and physico-chemical properties of soil. Humic acids are heterogenous amphiphilic macromolecules which are characterised by their solubility: soluble in alkaline media, partially soluble in water, and insoluble in acidic media. The specific chemical structure and composition of humic acids varies based on factors such as geographical location, age, climate, and biological conditions. Predominantly, they consist of phenolic, carboxylic acid, enolic, quinone, and ether functional groups, and may also contain sugars and peptides, with phenolic and carboxylic groups being the most abundant. As used herein, the term “extraneous humic acid” means humic acid that is not from the vermicast which is to be, or has been, extracted. As used herein the term “filtrate” refers to the liquid or solution that has passed through a filter during the process of filtration. The filtrate typically contains dissolved substances or suspended particles that are below a given size such that they can pass through the filter. As used herein the term “slurry” refers to a suspension or a suspended mixture of insoluble material in solution. As used herein the term “dormant” or “dormancy” refers a state of microbial activity in which metabolic activity, growth and reproduction is reduced or eliminated. Typically, dormancy may be characterised by a reduction in microbial activity by 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or 100% based on normal or pre-dormancy activity levels. Widespread intensive farming methods largely prioritize chemically treatment of crops with synthetic fertilisers to achieve fast and abundant plant growth. However, continuous application of chemical fertilisers has depleted soil quality and reduced the diversity of microorganisms necessary for plant health and growth. Moreover, chemical agriculture contributes significantly to elevated levels of pollution in soil and waterways, which adversely affects the health and diversity of nearby ecosystems and has a detrimental impact on human health. The present invention relates to an aqueous composition obtained from a vermicast comprising a liquid extract of vermicast and additional humic acid. The aqueous composition can be used to promote healthy plant growth and reduce or eliminate the use of synthetic fertilisers. The aqueous composition of the present invention provides the benefits of improved soil health, improved soil fertility, increased nutrient content of soil, increased microbial diversity of soil, improved plant health, improved plant growth, improved crop yield, enhanced plant immunity, and reduced need for chemical fertilisers. In embodiments the invention provides an aqueous composition comprising a liquid extract of a vermicast; and humic acid; wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast extract is obtained from an aqueous extract of a mixture of a vermicast and water in a ratio of from 1:3 (w / v) to 1:50 (w / v); and wherein the total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is from approximately 3.0 g / L to approximately 4.5 g / L. In embodiments, the aqueous composition of the present invention is a slurry further comprising the solid residue of the vermicast. Suitably, the aqueous composition of the present invention is isolated from the solid residue of the vermicast, suitably by filtration, suitably by filtration to remove all solid residue above the micron level (i.e. above 1000 microns, 800 microns, 500 microns, 200 microns, 100 microns, 50 microns, 10 microns or 1 micron). In embodiments, the maximum particle size observed in the aqueous composition of the present invention is no more than 1000 microns. Suitably, the maximum particle size observed is no more than 800 microns. Suitably, the maximum particle size is no more than 1000 microns, 800 microns, 500 microns, 200 microns, 100 microns, 50 microns, 10 microns or 1 micron. In embodiments, the liquid extract of a vermicast is an aqueous extract of a vermicast in water, or in other words, an aqueous solution, suitably an isolated aqueous solution after removal of any remaining solid material, or removal of any solid material greater than a given mesh size, suitably solid material greater than micron (10-6 m) sized, comprising the water-solubilized content of vermicast, and any extraneous sub-micron solid matter, following mixing, or slurrying, or steeping, or washing or otherwise extracting the vermicast in water. Suitably the extraction of the water-solubilized component(s) of the vermicast is at ambient temperature without any applied or extraneous heating or cooling. In embodiments, the extraction can be performed in the presence of additional humic acid, or the humic acid is added to the liquid extract after extraction. Suitably, the extraction is conducted in the presence of the additional or total amount of humic acid. In embodiments, the aqueous composition consists essentially of the liquid extract of a vermicast and humic acid. In alternative embodiments, the composition consists of the liquid extract of a vermicast and humic acid. In embodiments, the weight percentages of the liquid extract of a vermicast and humic acid total 100% by weight of the total weight of the aqueous composition. Typical amounts of humic acid in liquid extracts of vermicasts vary but are generally no more than 2.6 g / L. In embodiments the total humic acid content of the is present in the aqueous composition is higher than that typically obtained, specifically in an amount from approximately 3.0 g / L to approximately 4.5 g / L. Suitably, in an amount from approximately 3.5 g / L to approximately 4.0 g / L. Even more suitably in an amount of approximately 3.7 g / L. Suitably, the humic acid is present in the aqueous composition in an amount of at least 3.0 g / L, 3.1 g / L, 3.2 g / L, 3.3 g / L, 3.4 g / L, 3.5 g / L, 3.6 g / L, 3.7 g / L, 3.8 g / L, 3.9 g / L, or 4.0 g / L. Suitably, the humic acid is present in the aqueous composition in an amount of at most 4.5 g / L, 4.4 g / L, 4.3 g / L, 4.2 g / L, 4.1 g / L, 4.0 g / L, 3.9 g / L, 3.8 g / L, 3.7 g / L, 3.6 g / L, or 3.5 g / L. In embodiments the liquid extract of a vermicast is obtained from a mixture of a vermicast and water wherein the vermicast is present in an amount of 1.0 to 30.0 % by weight. Suitably, the vermicast is present in an amount of 1.0 to 25.0 % by weight. Suitably, the vermicast is present in an amount of 2.0 to 8.0% by weight. Suitably the vermicast is present in an amount of 3.0 to 7.0% by weight. Even more suitably the vermicast is present in an amount of 4.0 to 6.0% by weight. Even more suitably the vermicast is present in an amount of 5.0% by weight. Suitably, the vermicast is present in an amount of at least 1 % by weight, 1.5 % by weight, 2 % by weight, 2.5 % by weight, 3 % by weight, 3.5 % by weight, 4 % by weight, 4.5 % by weight, 5 % by weight, 5.5 % by weight, or 6 % by weight, Suitably, the vermicast is present in an amount of at most 6 % by weight, 5.5 % by weight, 5 % by weight, 4.5 % by weight, 4 % by weight, 3.5 % by weight, 3 % by weight, 2.5 % by weight, 2 % by weight, 1.5 % by weight, or 1 % by weight, Suitably, the vermicast is present in an amount of at least 2.0% by weight, 2.5% by weight, 3.0% by weight, 3.5% by weight, 4.0% by weight, 4.5% by weight, 5.0% by weight, 5.5% by weight, 6.0% by weight, 6.5% by weight, 7.0% by weight, 7.5% by weight, 8.0% by weight, 8.5% by weight, 9.0% by weight, 9.5% by weight, 10.0% by weight, 10.5% by weight, 11.0% by weight, 11.5% by weight, 12.0% by weight, 12.5% by weight, 13.0% by weight, 13.5% by weight, 14.0% by weight, 14.5% by weight, 15.0% by weight, 15.5% by weight, 16.0% by weight, 16.5% by weight, 17.0% by weight, 17.5% by weight, 18.0% by weight, 18.5% by weight, 19.0% by weight, 19.5% by weight, 20.0% by weight, 20.5% by weight, 21.0% by weight, 21.5% by weight, 22.0% by weight, 22.5% by weight, 23.0% by weight, 23.5% by weight, 24.0% by weight, 24.5% by weight or 25.0% by weight. Suitably, the vermicast is present in an amount of at most 25.0% by weight, 24.5% by weight, 24.0% by weight, 21.5% by weight, 19.0% by weight, 16.5% by weight, 14.0% by weight, 23.5% by weight, 21.0% by weight, 18.5% by weight, 16.0% by weight, 13.5% by weight, 23.0% by weight, 20.5% by weight, 18.0% by weight, 15.5% by weight, 13.0% by weight, 22.5% by weight, 20.0% by weight, 17.5% by weight, 15.0% by weight, 12.5% by weight, 22.0% by weight, 19.5% by weight, 17.0% by weight, 14.5% by weight, 12.0% by weight, 11.5% by weight, 11.0% by weight, 10.5% by weight, 10.0% by weight, 9.5% by weight, 9.0% by weight, 8.5% by weight, 8.0% by weight, 7.5% by weight, 7.0% by weight, 6.5% by weight, 6.0% by weight, 5.5% by weight, 5.0% by weight, 4.5% by weight, 4.0% by weight, 3.5% by weight, 3.0% by weight, 2.5% by weight, or 2.0% by weight. Alternatively, the proportion of vermicast to water can be expressed as a ratio. In embodiments the liquid extract of a vermicast is obtained from a mixture of a vermicast and water in a ratio of from 1:3 to 1:50; suitably in a ratio of 1:15 to 1:25; suitably in a ratio of from 1:17 to 1:23; even more suitably in a ratio of from 1:19 to 1:21; even more suitably in a ratio of 1:20. Suitably the vermicast extract is an aqueous extract of a vermicast and water in a ratio of at least 1:3 (w / v), 1:4 (w / v), 1:5 (w / v), 1:6 (w / v), 1:7 (w / v), 1:8 (w / v), 1:9 (w / v), 1:10 (w / v), 1:11 (w / v), 1:12 (w / v), 1:13 (w / v), 1:14 (w / v), 1:15 (w / v), 1:16 (w / v), 1:17 (w / v), 1:18 (w / v), 1:19 (w / v), 1:20 (w / v), 1:21 (w / v), 1:22 (w / v), 1:23 (w / v), 1:24 (w / v), 1:25 (w / v), 1:30 (w / v), 1:35 (w / v), 1:40 (w / v), 1:45 (w / v), or 1:50 (w / v). In a specific embodiment of the aqueous composition in accordance with the present invention, the aqueous composition may comprise an liquid extract of a vermicast extract; and humic acid; wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast is obtained from a mixture of a vermicast and water in a ratio of 1:3 to 1:50, suitably in a ratio of 1:15 (w / v) to 1:25 (w / v), suitably in a ratio of from 1:17 (w / v) to 1:23 (w / v), even more suitably in a ratio of from 1:19 (w / v) to 1:21 (w / v), and even more suitably in a ratio of 1:20 (w / v); and humic acid present in an amount from approximately 3.5 g / L and approximately 4.0 g / L, suitably from approximately 3.6 g / L and approximately 3.8 g / L, even more suitably, an amount of approximately 3.7 g / L. In a specific embodiment of the aqueous composition in accordance with the present invention, the aqueous composition may comprise a liquid extract of a vermicast; and humic acid; wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast is an aqueous extract of a vermicast and water in a ratio of 1:20 and the humic acid is present at a concentration of 3.7 g / L. In embodiments, the vermicast is manufactured using worms and organic matter; and wherein the worms are present at a mass of at least 1000 worms per square foot of organic matter. Suitably the worms are present at a mass of at least 2000 worms per 0.092 square meter (1.0 square foot) of organic matter. Even more suitably the worms are present at a mass of at least 3000 worms per 0.092 square meter (1.0 square foot) of organic matter. In embodiments, the worms are present at a mass of at least 1000 worms per 0.092 square meter (1.0 square foot) of organic matter, 2000 worms per 0.092 square meter (1.0 square foot) of organic matter, 3000 worms per 0.092 square meter (1.0 square foot) of organic matter, 4000 worms per 0.092 square meter (1.0 square foot) of organic matter, or 5000 worms per 0.092 square meter (1.0 square foot) of organic matter. All of the above area measurements relate to a bed depth of 3cm to 6cm. In embodiments, the vermicast is manufactured using worms and organic matter; and wherein the worms are present at a mass of at least 1 kg worms per 14 kg organic matter. Suitably the worms are present at a mass of at least 2 kg worms per 14 kg organic matter. Even more suitably the worms are present at a mass of at least 3 kg worms per 14 kg organic matter. In embodiments, the worms are present at a mass of at least 1 kg worms per 14 kg organic matter, 2 kg worms per 14 kg organic matter, 3 kg worms per 14 kg organic matter, 4 kg worms per 14 kg organic matter, or 5 kg worms per 14 kg organic matter. In embodiments, the vermicast is manufactured using a continuous flow-through system. In embodiments, the aqueous composition has a microbe population; and wherein the microbe population is dormant. A dormant microbe population is not actively metabolising and multiplying. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is postulated that the humic acid content of the present invention induces a dormant microbe population. In embodiments, the aqueous composition has a pleasant smell which is indicative a dormant microbe population. Dormancy can be assessed by determining the respiration rate of the microbe population. One method for measuring the respiration rate is by measuring carbon dioxide evolution per unit of volatiles over a specified time period. In embodiments, the aqueous composition of the present invention has an evolved carbon dioxide level of between 6.0 and 15.5 mg CO2 g-1 VS d-1 (mg of CO2 produced per gram of volatile solids per day). In further embodiments, the evolved carbon dioxide level is between 6.0 and 11.9 mg CO2 g-1 VS d’1. In even further embodiments, the evolved carbon dioxide level is between 6.0 and 7.9 mg CO2 g-1 VS d'1. In even further embodiments, the evolved carbon dioxide level is <6.0 mg CO2 g-1 VS d‘1. In an embodiment, the aqueous composition has an evolved carbon dioxide level (using the Solvita® burst test - Measure CO2 Respiration - CO2 Method --- Standard Lab Protocol (solvita.com) accessed 14 June 2024) of <10 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours. Suitably, the aqueous composition has an evolved carbon dioxide level of <10 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours. Suitably, the aqueous composition has an evolved carbon dioxide level of <5 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours. Suitably, the aqueous composition has an evolved carbon dioxide level of <3 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours. Suitably, the aqueous composition has an evolved carbon dioxide level of <1 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours. Suitably, the aqueous composition has an evolved carbon dioxide level of <10 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours; <9 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours; <8 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours; <7 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours; <6 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours; <5 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours; <4 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours; <3 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours; <2 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours; ; <1 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours; 0 ppm CO2-C released per 24 hours. In embodiments, the aqueous composition has a shelf life of at least 1 month. In further embodiments the aqueous composition has a shelf life of at least 3 months. In even further embodiments the aqueous composition has a shelf life of at least 6 months. In embodiments, the aqueous composition has a shelf life of at least 1 months, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, or 6 months. In embodiments, the aqueous composition has a pH of from approximately 6 to 8. Suitably, the aqueous composition has a pH from approximately 6.5 to 7.5. Even more suitably, the aqueous composition has a pH of approximately 7. In embodiments, the aqueous composition has a pH of approximately 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, or 7.5. In embodiments, the water is purified or filtered. In further embodiments the water does not contain any antimicrobial ingredients such a chlorine. In embodiments the water is deionised. In embodiments the water is distilled. In embodiments the water is non-chlorinated. In embodiments the water is dechlorinated. In embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises one or more additives. The term ‘additives’ is intended to relate to additives other than the liquid extract of a vermicast and / or humic acid, that may be present in the composition in an amount of 20% or less. Suitably, the one or more additives are present in no greater than 10 % by weight of the total weight of the composition. Suitably, less than 20% by weight, 15 % by weight, 10 % by weight, 5 % by weight, 2 % by weight, or 1 % by weight. Suitably, the additive is a natural protein source. Suitably, the one or more additives may be selected from the group consisting of: of seaweed; seaweed component (i.e. a component or constituent part of seaweed, either in isolation or as a mixture, extract or residue); algae; and algae component (i.e. a component or constituent part of algae, either in isolation or as a mixture, extract or residue), one or more enzymes, one or more hormones, or one or more mineral nutrients. In a second aspect, the invention provides a product formed from the aqueous composition of the first aspect of the invention. In embodiments, the product is selected from the group consisting of: soil inoculate; fertiliser; soil conditioner; soil additive; compost activator; plant immunity enhancer; growth stimulator; soil and plant health supplement; natural agricultural inputs; vermiwash; worm extract; worm cast; compost; vermicompost; vermicast; and combinations thereof. Suitably, the product is selected form the group consisting of soil inoculate; fertiliser; soil conditioner; soil additive; compost activator; plant immunity enhancer; growth stimulator; soil and plant health supplement; natural agricultural inputs; vermiwash; worm extract; and combinations thereof. In a third aspect, the invention provides a method of producing the aqueous composition of the first aspect of the invention, the method comprising the steps of: a) contacting a vermicast and humic acid in water to form a slurry or suspension; b) mixing the slurry; c) separating the slurry to obtain the aqueous composition as a liquid. In an embodiment, the vermicast comprises the total amount of humic acid. In alternative embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises extraneous humic acid, i.e. humic acid not present in the verimcast. Suitably, the vermicast and humic acid in step (a) are contacted to form a solid mixture. Suitably, the separating in step (c) is filtering. In embodiments when the separation is by filtering, the aqueous composition is obtained as the filtrate. In embodiments, step b) comprises mixing the slurry for approximately from 12 to 48 hours. Suitably, step b) comprises mixing the slurry for approximately 18 to 16 hours. Suitably, step b) comprises mixing the slurry for approximately 24 hours. In embodiments, the method of carried out in a manner that seeks the reduce or eliminate oxygen or air in the composition, i.e. to provide an anaerobic, or low aerobic environment. In embodiments, the invention provides an aqueous composition comprising a liquid extract of a vermicast; and humic acid; wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast is obtained from a mixture of a vermicast and water in a ratio of from 1:3 (w / v) to 1:50 (w / v), suitably 1:15 (w / v) to 1:25 (w / v); and wherein the total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is from approximately 3.0 g / L to approximately 4.5 g / L; and wherein the aqueous composition is prepared by a method comprising the steps of: a) contacting the vermicast and humic acid in water to form a slurry; b) mixing the slurry; c) separating the slurry to obtain the aqueous composition as a liquid. In an embodiment, the vermicast comprises the total amount of humic acid. In alternative embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises extraneous humic acid, i.e. humic acid not present in the verimcast. Suitably, the vermicast and humic acid in step (a) are contacted to form a solid mixture. Suitably, the separating in step (c) is filtering. In embodiments when the separation is by filtering, the aqueous composition is obtained as the filtrate. In embodiments, the invention provides a product formed from the aqueous composition. In embodiments, the product is selected from the group consisting of: soil inoculate; fertiliser; soil conditioner; soil additive; compost activator; plant immunity enhancer; growth stimulator; soil and plant health supplement; natural agricultural inputs; vermiwash; worm extract; worm cast; compost; vermicompost; vermicast; and combinations thereof. Suitably, the product is selected form the group consisting of soil inoculate; fertiliser; soil conditioner; soil additive; compost activator; plant immunity enhancer; growth stimulator; soil and plant health supplement; natural agricultural inputs; vermiwash; worm extract; and combinations thereof. Examples Example 1 - Specific method for the preparation of a composition in accordance with the present invention 50L of high quality vermicast (ex-Vermigrand® Regenwurmhumus; 3mm sieved) was mixed with 1 kg humic acid to provide a homogenised solid mixture. 1000L of non-chlorinated water was added to a tank. The solid mixture was added the water portion wise, to create a slurry. The slurry was mixed continuously for 24 hours. The slurry was filtered through micron mesh bags. The filtrate was isolated to provide the aqueous composition of the present invention. Example 2 - Specific method for the preparation of a composition in accordance with the present invention As for Example 1, except that the verimcast and water are added first and stirred for 2 h, before the humic acid is added and the mixture stirred for another 2 h before leaving to stand. The mixture was left to stand for 5 days before decanting to obtain the aqueous composition. Example 3 - Specific method for the preparation of a composition in accordance with the present invention As for Example 1 except the mixture was rotated / stirred twice per day for a period of 15 minutes per rotation for the period of extraction. The process was continued for between 8 to 10 days before decanting to obtain the aqueous composition. 5 Example 4 - Preparation of exemplified compositions A summary of Compositions 1 to 6 are provided in Table 1: Composition (Vermicast water) used to obtain liquid extract of a vermicast Concentration of extraneous humic acid added Time Observations 1 (BWE1) 1:4 (20%, 80%) 1.0 g / L 8 days -No smell -Very dark brown in colour -Limited microbial activity observed under microscope. 2 (BWE4) 1:4(20%, 80%) 1.0 g / L 10 days -No smell -Brown in colour. 3 (BWE5) 1:19 (5%, 95%) 1.0 g / L 5 days -No smell -Dark brown in colour. -eDNA and biodiversity analysis showed high bacterial and fungal presence. - Repeating using these proportions of components under Example 1 conditions provided the same results. 4 (BWE 6) 1: 9(10%, 90%) 0.0 g / L 5 days -No smell -Dark brown in colour 5 (BWE 7) 1:4(20%, 80%) 1.0 g / L 5 days -No smell -Very dark brown in colour 6 (BWE 5+) 1:19 (5%, 95%) 0.5 g / L 5 days -No smell -Caramel in colour 10 Table 1: Examples samples Sample 3 produced with the method of Example 1 achieves most promising results. The aqueous composition of the present invention, or products formed therefrom, exhibit 15 surprising beneficial properties in terms of extended shelflife, pleasant smell, diverse microbial profile retained from the parent vermicast, and small particle size for application as a spray or mist. Although particular embodiments of the invention have been disclosed herein in detail, this 5 has been done by way of example and for the purposes of illustration only. The aforementioned embodiments are not intended to be limiting with respect to the scope of the invention. It is contemplated by the inventors that various substitutions, alterations, and modifications may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. 10

Claims

1. An aqueous composition comprising:a liquid extract of a vermicast;wherein a total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is from approximately 3.0 g / L to approximately 4.5 g / L.

2. The aqueous composition of claim 1, wherein the aqueous composition comprises extraneous humic acid.

3. The aqueous composition of claim 1 or claim 2, comprising:a liquid extract of a vermicast;wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast is obtained from a mixture of a vermicast and water in a ratio of from approximately 1:3 (w / v) to approximately 1:50 (w / v);and wherein the total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is from approximately 3.0 g / L to approximately 4.5 g / L.

3. An aqueous composition comprising:a liquid extract of a vermicast, wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast comprises humic acid; andextraneous humic acid;wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast is obtained from a mixture of a vermicast and water in a ratio of from approximately 1:15 (w / v) to approximately 1:25 (w / v);and wherein the total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is fromapproximately0.30 g / L to approximately 0.45 g / L.

4. The aqueous composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is from approximately 3.5 g / L to approximately 4.0 g / L.

5. The aqueous composition of anyone of claims 1 to 4, wherein the total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is approximately 3.7 g / L.

6. The aqueous composition of anyone claims 1 to 5, wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast is an aqueous extract of a vermicast and water in a ratio of from approximately 1:17 (w / v) to approximately 1:23 (w / v).

7. The aqueous composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the liquid extract of a vermicast is an aqueous extract of a vermicast and water in a ratio of approximately 1:20.

8. The aqueous composition of anyone of claims 1 to 7, wherein the water is nonchlorinated.

9. The aqueous composition of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the aqueous composition further comprises one or more additives,10. The aqueous composition of claim 9, wherein the one or more additives are present in an amount of between 1wt% to 10wt% based on the total weight of the aqueous composition,11. The aqueous composition of claim 10, wherein the additive is a natural protein source.

12. The aqueous composition of claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the additive is selected formthe group consisting of seaweed; seaweed component; algae; and algae component.

13. The aqueous composition of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the aqueous composition consists of the liquid extract of a vermicast and humic acid.

14. The aqueous composition of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the vermicast is manufactured using worms and organic matter; and wherein the worms are present ata mass of at least 1000 worms per 0.092 m2 (1 square foot) of organic matter in a bed depth of 3cm to 6cm.

15. The aqueous composition of anyone of claims 1 to 14, wherein the vermicast is manufactured using a continuous flow-through system.

16. The aqueous composition of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the aqueous composition has a microbe population; and wherein the microbe population is dormant.

17. The aqueous composition of anyone of claims 1 to 16, wherein the aqueous composition has a shelf life of at least 1 month.

18. The aqueous composition of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the aqueous composition has a pH of from approximately 6 to 8.

19. The aqueous composition of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the aqueous composition comprises particles with a particle size of no more than 800 microns.

20. A product formed from the aqueous composition of any one of claims 1 to 19.

21. A product formed from the aqueous composition of anyone claims 1 to 20 wherein theproduct is selected from the group consisting of: soil inoculate; fertiliser; soil conditioner; soil additive; compost activator; plant immunity enhancer; growth stimulator; soil and plant health supplement; natural agricultural inputs; vermiwash; worm extract; and combinations thereof.

22. A method of producing an aqueous composition comprising the steps of:a) contacting a vermicastand humic acid in water to form a slurry;b) mixing the slurry;c) filtering the slurry to obtain the aqueous composition as the filtrate.wherein in step (a) the vermicast and water are contacted in a ratio of from approximately 1:3 (w / v) to approximately 1:50 (w / v);and wherein the total humic acid content of the aqueous composition is from approximately 3.0 g / Lto approximately 4.5g / L.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein step b) comprises mixing the slurry for approximately from 22 to 28 hours.

24. The method of claim 22 or claim 23, wherein step b) comprises mixing the slurry for approximately 24 hours.

25. The method of any one of claims 22 to 24, when used for producing the aqueous composition of any one of claims 1 to 19, or the product of claims 20 or 21.

26. Use of the aqueous composition of claims 1 to 19, or the product of claims 20or21, as a soil inoculate; fertiliser; soil conditioner; soil additive; compost activator; plant immunity enhancer; growth stimulator; soil and plant health supplement; natural agricultural inputs; vermiwash; worm extract; and combinations thereof.

27. An aqueous composition comprising:a vermicast extract; andhumic acid;wherein the vermicast extract is an aqueous extract of a vermicast and water in a ratio of from approximately 1:3 (w / v) to approximately 1:50 (w / v);and wherein the humic acid is present in the aqueous composition in an amount from approximately 3.0 g / L and approximately 4.5 g / L;wherein the aqueous composition is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:a) contactingthe vermicast and humic acid in water to form a slurry;b) mixing the slurry;c) separating the slurry to obtain the aqueous composition as a liquid.

28. A product as formed from the aqueous composition of claim 27, wherein the product is selected from the group consisting of: soil inoculate; fertiliser; soil conditioner; soil additive; compost activator; plant immunity enhancer; growth stimulator; soil and plant health supplement; natural agricultural inputs; vermiwash; worm extract; and combinations thereof.