Waterproof air-permeable building material

Abstract

To provide a waterproof air-permeable building material that does not rot lumbers constituting a wooden building structure such as a roof board or a wallboard by having high fastening hole waterproofness and quickly eliminating condensation generated on the roof board or the wallboard, and hardly slide due to slip resistance, and can be easily laid on the roof board and the like.SOLUTION: A waterproof air-permeable building material 100 comprises: a waterproof air-permeable material 1 formed of a moisture impermeable waterproof sheet 2 having concave parts 22 having openings on a sheet top surface of a base material 3 and a slip resistant part having non-ring-shaped convex 11a and / or ring-shaped convex 11d protruding from the sheet top surface; and a moisture permeable waterproof sheet 50 to be disposed between the waterproof air-permeable material 1 and the roof board 40, in which a moisture permeable nonwoven fabric layer 52 consisting of a moisture permeable waterproof resin film 52c and nonwoven layers 52d or a moisture permeable nonwoven fabric layer 52 consisting of spunbonded nonwoven layers 52a, 52b is covered by a metal foil layer 51 having moisture permeable pores 55 opened on an upper surface side and attached with a moisture permeable adhesive layer 53 on a lower surface side.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1-1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a waterproof and breathable building material used in the construction of roofs and walls. [Background technology]

[0002] In wooden buildings such as wooden houses, waterproof asphalt-containing or polyolefin sheets that prevent the infiltration of rainwater are laid on the sheathing boards and wall boards that make up the roof as roof and wall bases to prevent the infiltration of rainwater from causing the wooden frame to rot. These base sheets are stored in rolls.

[0003] When laying on a roofing board or the like, the base sheet is unwound from a roll and cut to a desired length. The unwound roll, cutting, and laying are repeated in sequence to cover the entire roofing board or the like. The ends of the base sheets are arranged with a slight overlap so that no gaps are formed between the sheets to prevent the infiltration of rainwater. As a result, the entire roofing board is covered with the base sheet without any gaps. The base sheet is fixed to the roofing board or the like by fasteners such as nails or staples. Therefore, these base sheets are required to have not only waterproofness to prevent rainwater from infiltrating, but also fastening hole water-stopping properties to prevent rainwater from leaking through the fastening holes of the nails or staples even when the nails or staples penetrate the base sheet. Examples of such base sheets include asphalt sheets and moisture-permeable waterproof sheets.

[0004] As an asphalt sheet, for example, Patent Document 1 describes a modified asphalt roofing in which a sand grain layer, an asphalt layer, a base layer, an asphalt-based self-adhesive layer, and a thermoplastic synthetic resin film layer are laminated. With such an asphalt sheet, the flexible and elastic asphalt adheres closely to the nails and staples that penetrate it, and thus exhibits high fastening hole water-stopping properties. Here, it is known that condensation occurs on the sheathing boards and wall boards due to water vapor and moisture generated by human breathing and heating, bathing, and cooking in wooden houses, causing the wood that is the framework of the wooden house to rot. Although asphalt sheets have high waterproofing and fastening hole water-stopping properties, they do not have sufficient moisture permeability, so condensation that occurs between the asphalt-impregnated nonwoven sheet and the sheathing boards, etc., cannot be eliminated. This condensation causes the sheathing boards, etc. to rot.

[0005] Meanwhile, Patent Document 2 describes a composite building material in which a three-dimensional mesh body formed by irregularly crossing continuous filaments is attached to a building material sheet, which is a moisture-permeable, waterproof sheet in which a metal film material having 100 to 2000 μm pores and a nonwoven fabric are integrated with an adhesive. This composite building material has both moisture permeability and waterproofness because the moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric is integrated with a metal film material having a pore size within a certain range so that it does not transmit rainwater but transmits water vapor and moisture, and the three-dimensional mesh body forms a vent between the building material sheet material and roofing materials such as sheathing boards or roof tiles to promote ventilation and prevent the retention of water vapor and moisture, effectively preventing decay of sheathing boards and the like caused by condensation.

[0006] When a nail used for fixing to a sheathing board or a wall board penetrates the sheet for building materials, a hole is formed there. In the sheet for building materials of Patent Document 2, the metal film material is poor in flexibility and elasticity, and the nonwoven fabric has many voids connected in the thickness direction to give moisture permeability. Therefore, gaps are generated between the sheet for building materials, which is merely an adhesive that integrates the metal film material and the nonwoven fabric, and the nail. As a result, rainwater may penetrate through the gaps, and this sheet for building materials has poor nail hole water stopping properties. On the other hand, if a sheet for building materials is made using a nonwoven fabric that does not have interconnected voids or is thicker to give sufficient nail hole water stopping properties, moisture permeability is impaired or reduced. In this case, the water vapor or moisture that is condensation generated on the sheathing board is difficult to penetrate the nonwoven fabric and does not reach the three-dimensional net-like body, and it becomes impossible to prevent the sheathing board from decaying due to condensation.

[0007] Furthermore, when the composite building material having the three-dimensional mesh attached to the building sheet is laid on a roofing board or the like, the three-dimensional mesh prevents the ends of the composite building material from overlapping each other. Therefore, in order to overlap the ends of the composite building material so that no gaps are formed between the composite building materials, the three-dimensional mesh existing at the ends of the composite building material must be cut or removed each time. This makes the laying work complicated.

[0008] Furthermore, when these construction sheets are applied to roofs, particularly to sloping roofs such as gabled roofs, the exposed upper surface is flat, which poses the problem of making it easy to slip and fall while walking.

[0009] In a patent application (Patent Application No. 2022-131216: Patent Document 3), the applicants have already been granted a patent for a waterproof and breathable material which comprises a moisture-impermeable waterproof sheet made of resin and / or rubber and which has openings on the upper surface of the base sheet and recessed portions which are scattered and / or arranged in rows on the underside of the sheet, and anti-slip portions which have at least one anti-slip protrusion selected from non-annular protrusions and / or annular protrusions protruding from the upper surface of the sheet between the openings, and annular protrusions protruding from the upper surface of the sheet while surrounding the openings, wherein the protrusions have deformation recovery or are non-recoverable from deformation, and the recesses have strength such that they do not collapse, and the moisture-impermeable waterproof sheet is flexible enough to be rolled up into a roll. The waterproof and breathable material is made of a non-breathable waterproof sheet, and therefore has excellent waterproofing properties, prevents water leakage from the roof or exterior wall, and allows water vapor and moisture generated inside the house to be discharged from the indoor side to the outdoors through the ventilation sections, which are the gaps between the recesses of the non-breathable waterproof sheet, preventing condensation on the sheathing boards and wall panels and preventing water from accumulating in the recesses, allowing moisture to be discharged outdoors. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0010] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-336266 [Patent Document 2] JP 2013-76210 A [Patent Document 3] Patent application 2022-131216 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0011] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has an object to provide a waterproof and breathable building material comprising a waterproof and breathable material which has high fastening hole water-stopping properties and which prevents rot of wood that constitutes wooden buildings such as sheathing and wallboards by quickly eliminating condensation that occurs on sheathing and wallboards, and which is non-slip due to its anti-slip properties, and a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet which can be easily attached and laid over the entire surface of sheathing or the like, has moisture permeability to allow moisture to pass through, but is windproof and does not allow liquid moisture such as water droplets to pass through. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] The waterproof and breathable building material made to achieve the above object is a moisture-impermeable waterproof sheet made of resin and / or rubber, which is provided with recesses having openings on the upper surface of the base sheet and scattered and / or arranged in rows on the lower surface of the sheet, and an anti-slip portion having at least one anti-slip protrusion selected from non-ring-shaped protrusions and / or ring-shaped protrusions protruding from the upper surface of the sheet between the openings, and an annular protrusion surrounding the opening and protruding from the upper surface of the sheet, wherein the protrusions have deformation recovery properties, is non-recoverable under deformation, and the recessed portion has a strength not to be crushed, and the non-breathable waterproof sheet is characterized in that it comprises a waterproof breathable material which is flexible enough to be wound into a roll, and a breathable nonwoven fabric layer consisting of a breathable waterproof resin film and a nonwoven fabric, or a breathable nonwoven fabric layer consisting of a spunbonded nonwoven fabric, which is covered on the upper side with a breathable metal foil layer having moisture-permeable holes and attached on the lower side with a moisture-permeable adhesive layer, and a breathable waterproof sheet to be placed between the waterproof breathable material and a sheathing board.

[0013] This waterproof and breathable building material is, for example, such that in the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet, the nonwoven fabric layer is composed of the moisture-permeable waterproof resin film made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, or polypropylene, and the nonwoven fabric selected from polyamide (nylon) fibers, rayon fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers (polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, etc.), acrylic resin, vinylon fibers, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide, rayon, polyester, acrylic resin, vinylon resin, and aramid resin, or the spunbond nonwoven fabric selected from polyamide (nylon) fibers, rayon fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers (polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, etc.), acrylic resin, vinylon fibers, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide, rayon, polyester, acrylic resin, vinylon resin, and aramid resin.

[0014] This waterproof and breathable building material is permeable to water vapor particles of about 0.0004 μm due to the moisture permeable waterproof sheet, but is impermeable to drizzle of about 100 μm to rain of about 2000 μm. For example, the metal foil layer is made of aluminum, the pores have an opening rate of 1.2 to 7.0%, and / or the diameter or voids may be 0.5 to 2000 μm, for example 0.5 to 3 μm, or 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm, and / or the number of openings may be 100,000 / m. 2 More than 1 million pieces / m 2 The following are the The moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer, which is made of the moisture-permeable waterproof resin film and the nonwoven fabric, has gaps, pores and / or fusion sites that are impermeable to water droplets and moisture-permeable due to the nonwoven fibers formed with a hot melt adhesive containing a moisture-permeable resin, and the moisture-permeable adhesive layer has adhesiveness due to the hot melt adhesive, and nonwoven sheets are fused to both sides of the moisture-permeable adhesive layer at the fusion sites of parts of the moisture-permeable adhesive layer, The spunbond nonwoven fabric has a fiber diameter of 1.5 denier or more and 4 denier or less, The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is attached to the nonwoven fabric fibers exposed on the lower surface side without filling the voids in the nonwoven fabric layer, and has a basis weight of 30 to 75 g / m 2 The idea is to

[0015] The moisture-permeable waterproof sheet for use in constructing waterproof and breathable building materials, which has been made to achieve the above-mentioned object, is characterized in that a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer consisting of a moisture-permeable waterproof resin film and a nonwoven fabric, or a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer consisting of a spunbonded nonwoven fabric, is covered on the upper side with a moisture-permeable porous metal foil layer and on the lower side with a moisture-permeable adhesive layer, and is intended to be placed between the waterproof and breathable building material and a sheathing board.

[0016] In this waterproof and breathable building material, for example, a plurality of the protrusions are arranged between the vertical rows and / or horizontal rows of the recesses on the flat plate portion of the base material.

[0017] In this waterproof and breathable building material, the anti-slip portion may comprise the anti-slip protrusions and an anti-slip layer applied to the upper surface of the sheet.

[0018] This waterproof and breathable building material may be one in which the non-annular convex portion has at least any shape selected from a rectangular prism, a cylindrical shape, an elliptical cylinder shape, a polygonal truncated pyramid shape, a hemisphere shape, a spherical arc shape, a polygonal prism shape, a cross solid shape, and an X-shaped solid shape.

[0019] In this waterproof and breathable building material, the waterproof and breathable material includes an intermittent cross unit, each of the non-annular convex portions being composed of a convex portion row in which the multiple non-annular convex portions are arranged parallel to the vertical column direction between the vertical columns of the concave portions at intervals, and a convex portion pair arranged parallel to the row direction of the concave portions with a gap between adjacent convex portions in the convex portion row, or Each of the non-annular convex portions has an intermittent X-shaped unit including a first pair of convex portions arranged with a gap between them in a diagonal direction in the vertical row direction between the vertical rows of the concave portions, and a second pair of convex portions arranged with the gap between the first pair of convex portions and in a different diagonal direction in the vertical row direction. It may be something like this.

[0020] This waterproof and breathable building material may be such that, in the waterproof and breathable material, the ring-shaped protrusion is continuous or intermittent and forms an outer ring of the crater-shaped recess.

[0021] This waterproof and breathable building material may be one in which the inside of the outer ring is shallower than the outside of the outer ring.

[0022] In this waterproof and breathable building material, the top surface of the protrusion in the waterproof and breathable material may be inclined with respect to the upper surface of the sheet.

[0023] In this waterproof, breathable building material, it is preferable that the annular protrusions are intermittent in the waterproof, breathable material.

[0024] It is more preferable that the waterproof and breathable building material has two to eight annular protrusions spaced apart from each other in the waterproof and breathable material.

[0025] This waterproof and breathable building material may have a plurality of rows of uneven portions each consisting of the recessed portion and the protruding portion arranged in the waterproof and breathable material.

[0026] It is even more preferable that this waterproof and breathable building material has multiple rows of the uneven portions in which the annular convex portions are intermittent, and the directions of the intermittence of the annular convex portions of adjacent uneven portions within the row are offset from each other, and / or the directions of the intermittence of the annular convex portions of the uneven portions between adjacent rows are offset from each other.

[0027] It is even more preferable that the waterproof, breathable building material has depressions or the depressions and protrusions arranged randomly or evenly in the waterproof, breathable building material.

[0028] In this waterproof and breathable building material, the thickness of the thinnest portion of the uneven portion consisting of the recessed portions and the protruding portions in the waterproof and breathable building material may be 2 mm to 6 mm.

[0029] This waterproof and breathable building material is a waterproof and breathable material in which the base material is made of a resin selected from polyethylene (PE) resin, polypropylene (PP) resin, polycarbonate (PC) resin, polyamide (PA) resin, polyester (PEs) resin, polystyrene (PS) resin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS).

[0030] In this waterproof and breathable building material, the recessed portion, or the recessed portion and the protruding portion, in the waterproof and breathable material are preferably formed from a plate-shaped raw material.

[0031] This waterproof and breathable building material may be one in which a moisture drain hole is provided in the recessed portion of the waterproof and breathable material.

[0032] This waterproof and breathable building material has an anti-slip layer applied onto the waterproof and breathable material, which is at least any foam layer, film layer, or laminate layer selected from, for example, polyethylene (PE) resin, butyral (vinyl butyral: PVB) resin (poly, butyl rubber (isobutylene-isoprene rubber: IIR), ethylene propylene diene (EPDM) rubber, chloroprene (CR) rubber, styrene butadiene (SBR) rubber, and acrylonitrile butadiene (NBR) rubber.

[0033] In this waterproof and breathable building material, it is preferable that the anti-slip layer is attached, bonded, or welded to the upper surface of the base sheet, and molded integrally with the waterproof and breathable building material.

[0034] In this waterproof and breathable building material, the recessed portion is formed, for example, by a corrugated portion of a non-mesh or mesh fabric, or a pleated portion of a non-mesh or mesh fabric.

[0035] This waterproof and breathable building material is configured such that multiple waterproof and breathable materials are connected by the nesting of the convex portions, and / or the non-moisture permeable waterproof sheets are connected to one another by being attached with tape, glued with adhesive, driven in with staples, tackers, needles, nails, rivets, split rivets or hooks, screwed together with bolts and nuts or screws, or joined together with connectors.

[0036] This waterproof and breathable building material is such that the nonwoven fabric material in the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet is at least one material selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin sheet, a polyurethane sheet, a polyvinyl butyral sheet, a thermoplastic elastomer sheet, a polyvinyl acetate sheet, a rubber sheet, and an asphalt roofing felt. Effect of the Invention

[0037] The waterproof and breathable building material of the present invention is excellent in waterproofness because the waterproof and breathable material is made of a moisture-impermeable waterproof sheet, and prevents water leakage from the roof side or the exterior wall side. Also, water vapor and moisture generated inside the house are discharged from the indoor side to the outdoors through the ventilation parts, which are the gaps between the recesses of the moisture-impermeable waterproof sheet, so that condensation does not occur on the roof board or wall board. Furthermore, the waterproof and breathable building material can discharge moisture to the outdoors without water accumulating in the recesses of the waterproof and breathable material. In addition, since the waterproof and breathable building material has a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet, it can be easily laid on the entire surface of the roof board, etc. by pasting it on the roof board while achieving the contradictory effects of having moisture permeability to allow moisture to pass through, but having windproof properties to prevent liquid moisture, especially water droplets, from passing through.

[0038] Waterproof and breathable building materials are installed by first attaching a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet to the subfloor and then laying the waterproof and breathable material on top of it and fixing it to the subfloor with double-sided tape or nails, etc., which makes construction simple and quick.

[0039] The waterproof and breathable building material, by combining a waterproof and breathable material with a breathable waterproof sheet, exhibits the effects of being waterproof and non-breathable but breathable, and the effects of being waterproof, windproof (water droplet leakage proof), watertight and breathable.

[0040] In addition, this waterproof and breathable building material is non-slip because the base material has non-annular or annular convex portions and / or annular convex portions of various shapes, or an anti-slip layer, which are non-slip convex portions of the non-breathable waterproof sheet of the waterproof and breathable material. Therefore, when installed on a subfloor board or the like, it is not slippery even when stepped on and walked on, allowing work to be done safely.

[0041] Furthermore, this waterproof and breathable building material can be easily attached with single-sided or double-sided tape, glued with adhesive, driven into place with staples or the like, screwed together with bolts and nuts or the like, or connected with fasteners, due to the nesting of the concave and / or convex parts of the waterproof and breathable material, or because it is made of resin and / or rubber, and can be quickly and easily connected by being fastened with nails, staples, bolts and nuts or connecting devices, and can be temporarily assembled to fit the shape of the roof or walls of a house and laid as a roof underlay or installed as a wall underlay.

[0042] Furthermore, since this waterproof and breathable building material is made of resin and / or rubber, and in particular has anti-slip protrusions or a further anti-slip layer, preferably an anti-slip portion having an anti-slip layer, it can be easily attached with tape, glued with an adhesive, driven into place with nails or staples, screwed with bolts and nuts, or connected with fasteners, such as staples, bolts and nuts, or connectors, and even if a hole is drilled, it can exhibit water-stopping properties by adhering to the hole due to the flexibility of the resin and / or rubber. On the other hand, a breathable waterproof sheet made simply of nonwoven fabric will exhibit breathability and ventilation but will be inferior in waterproofing, wind resistance and watertightness of fastening holes. However, a metal foil layer with breathable holes is attached to the top surface of the nonwoven fabric and a breathable adhesive layer is attached to the bottom surface of the nonwoven fabric, and the amount and area of ​​the adhesive layer are adjusted to ensure that voids in the nonwoven fabric are secured to ensure breathability and breathability while also ensuring waterproofing, wind resistance and watertightness of fastening holes and preventing the penetration of liquid moisture, especially water droplets.

[0043] This waterproof and breathable building material meets the standards (JIS A6111) for breathability, wind resistance, waterproofness, and water tightness of fastening holes.

[0044] This waterproof and breathable building material prevents water leakage from the outdoors through the waterproofing and water-tightness of the waterproof and breathable material made of a non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet, while the waterproofing, windproofing, and water-tightness of the fastening holes of the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet prevent water leakage from the outdoors while allowing indoor water vapor and moisture to pass through.The water vapor and moisture is then discharged to the outdoors through the ventilation sections, which are the gaps between the recesses of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet, preventing condensation, thereby preventing the decay of roofing boards and the like through this synergistic effect.

[0045] This waterproof and breathable building material can perform the essential functions whether or not a non-moisture-permeable waterproof film or an anti-slip film is provided separately, and even if it has a simple structure, it can be easily manufactured and can be quickly and easily installed. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0046] [Figure 1-1]1A and 1B are a plan view, a front cross-sectional view, and left and right side views of a portion of one embodiment of a waterproof, breathable building material to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 1-2] FIG. 2 is a bottom view of a portion of one embodiment of a waterproof, breathable building material to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 1-3] FIG. 2 is a schematic front view showing a state in which waterproof, breathable building materials to which the present invention is applied are connected. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a non-annular convex portion of a waterproof ventilation material in a waterproof ventilation building material to which the present invention is applied. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a non-annular convex portion and an example of an annular convex portion of a waterproof ventilation material in a waterproof ventilation building material to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet in a waterproof, breathable building material to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 5-1] 1A to 1C are a plan view, a front cross-sectional view, and left and right side views of a portion of another embodiment of a waterproof, breathable building material to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 5-2] FIG. 11 is a bottom view of a portion of another embodiment of a waterproof, breathable building material to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a part of another waterproof, breathable building material to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 7] FIG. 11 is a plan view showing a part of another embodiment of a waterproof, breathable building material to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 8] FIG. 11 is a plan view showing a part of another embodiment of a waterproof, breathable building material to which the present invention is applied. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a method of using the waterproof breathable building material to which the present invention is applied. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0047] Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0048] One embodiment of the waterproof and breathable building material 100 of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1-1 and Fig. 1-2. This embodiment of the waterproof and breathable building material 100 is composed of a resin non-permeable waterproof sheet 1 having openings 12 on the upper surface of the base sheet and recessed portions 22 scattered on the lower surface of the sheet, and a non-slip portion which is a convex portion consisting of non-annular convex portions 11a protruding from the upper surface of the sheet between the openings 12, and a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 (see Fig. 4(b)) which is covered on the upper surface side by a metal foil layer having moisture-permeable holes 55 and attached on the lower surface side by a moisture-permeable adhesive layer 53. Fig. 1-1(a) is a plan view of a long waterproof and breathable building material 100 with a part cut out, Fig. 1-1(b) is a front cross-sectional view thereof, Fig. 1-1(c) is a left side view thereof, Fig. 1-1(d) is a right side view thereof, and Fig. 1-2(e) is a bottom view thereof. Note that the rear cross-sectional view is omitted because it is symmetrical to the front cross-sectional view.

[0049] As shown in Fig. 4(a), the waterproof breathable building material 100 comprises a waterproof breathable material 1 made of a non-breathable waterproof sheet, and a breathable waterproof sheet 50 made of a breathable nonwoven fabric layer 52, which is a spunbond nonwoven fabric made of a meltblown nonwoven layer 52b sandwiched between a metal foil layer 51 having breathable holes 55 and a spunbond nonwoven layer 52a, and an adhesive layer 53, and is a roof underlayment fixed to wood constituting a wooden house, for example, a sheathing board 40. The waterproof breathable building material 100 is a long, rollable object in which both the waterproof breathable material 1 and the breathable waterproof sheet 50 have flexibility and extend continuously in the longitudinal direction L-L' (vertical direction).

[0050] The waterproof breathable material 1 in the waterproof breathable building material 100 has recesses 22 arranged in an orderly manner vertically and horizontally on the flat plate portion 6 between the end band portion 4b and the end portion 5a, the recesses 22 having openings 12 on the upper surface 3a of the sheet and recessed into the lower surface of the sheet, and a plurality of the same type of protrusions 11a, which are non-ring-shaped protrusions protruding from the upper surface 3a of the sheet, are arranged in an orderly manner at equal intervals between the vertical rows of the recesses 22 (rows of recesses along the longitudinal direction L-L' are referred to as vertical rows for convenience) and between the horizontal rows of the recesses 22 (rows of recesses arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L-L' are referred to as horizontal rows for convenience). The recesses 22 and the protrusions 11a form the uneven portion 10.

[0051] The protrusion 11a is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape that bulges slightly downward, and is formed in the middle of adjacent recesses 22 in a horizontal row of the recesses 22, along a vertical row of the recesses 22. The protrusion 11a is hollow inside due to its rectangular parallelepiped shape.

[0052] The protrusions 11a have a deformation restoring property or a deformation non-restoring property, so that they act as anti-slip surfaces to prevent slipping when stepped on.

[0053] The recess 22 protrudes downward from the sheet lower surface 3b, has a truncated cone shape that gradually decreases in diameter toward the sheathing board 40, and has a bottom 15. A moisture drain hole (not shown) may be provided in the bottom 15 of the recess 22 or near the boundary between the bottom 15 and the side surface to prevent moisture from accumulating.

[0054] The uneven portion 10 is formed by applying heat and pressure to a resin non-permeable waterproof sheet base material in a mold that transfers the uneven portion 10 thereto.

[0055] The moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 in the waterproof and breathable building material 100 is shown as an example in which a moisture-permeable porous metal foil layer 51, a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer 52 made of spunbonded nonwoven fabric, and an adhesive layer 53 are laminated in this order (see Figure 4(a)), but it is preferable that the nonwoven fabric layer 52 is made of spunbonded nonwoven fabric such as polyester.

[0056] As shown in Figure 4 (b), the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 in the waterproof and breathable building material 100 may be formed by laminating in order a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer 52 consisting of a metal foil layer 51 having moisture-permeable holes 55, a nonwoven layer 52d made of nonwoven fabric, a moisture-permeable waterproof resin film 52c, and, if necessary, another nonwoven layer 52d made of nonwoven fabric, and an adhesive layer 53.

[0057] The moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 is a moisture-permeable adhesive layer having gaps, pores and / or fusion sites that are impermeable to water droplets and moisture-permeable due to nonwoven fibers formed with a hot melt adhesive containing a moisture-permeable resin, and nonwoven sheets are fused to both sides of the moisture-permeable adhesive layer at the fusion sites of the moisture-permeable adhesive layer. The nonwoven fabric is 0.1 denier or more and 4 denier or less, and the nonwoven fabric layer 52b is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide (nylon), and polypropylene, for example, biaxially oriented polypropylene (OPP). The waterproof resin film 52c may be made of a moisture-permeable waterproof resin film selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, and polypropylene, and a nonwoven fabric selected from polyamide (nylon) fibers, rayon fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers (polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, etc.), acrylic resin, vinylon fibers, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide, rayon, polyester, acrylic resin, vinylon resin, and aramid resin.

[0058] In the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50, mainly by adjusting the adhesive layer 53, it is possible to achieve the contradictory effects of having moisture permeability to allow moisture to pass through, while having windproof properties to prevent the penetration of liquid moisture, especially water droplets. The adhesive layer 53 is attached to the nonwoven fabric fibers exposed on the lower surface side without blocking the voids in the nonwoven fabric layer 52, and has a basis weight of 20 to 100 g / m. 2 , preferably 30 to 75 g / m 2 , more preferably 30 to 50 g / m 2 By using this material, the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 can exhibit moisture permeability that allows moisture and water vapor to pass through, while also exhibiting windproof and waterproof properties that prevent liquid moisture from passing through.

[0059] In the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50, the metal foil layer 51 is made of aluminum, for example, and has a thickness of 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less. The opening ratio, which is the ratio of the opening area of ​​the moisture-permeable pores to the surface area of ​​the aluminum foil, is 1.2% or more and 7.0% or less. The diameter of each moisture-permeable pore is preferably 0.5 to 2000 μm, for example, 0.5 to 3 μm or 3 μm to 0.2 mm, and may be 0.2 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. There are no particular limitations as long as the opening ratio is within the above range, but it is preferably 100,000 / m 2 More than 1 million pieces / m 2 It is preferable that the diameter is 5.0 μm or less, and the thickness may be 5.0 μm or more and 30.0 μm or less. Within these ranges, the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 can exhibit moisture permeability that allows moisture and water vapor to pass through, while exhibiting windproof and waterproof properties that prevent liquid moisture from passing through. If the diameter is below this range, it becomes difficult for moisture and water vapor to pass through, while if it exceeds this range, it becomes easy for liquid moisture to pass through.

[0060] In the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50, as shown in FIG. 4(a), a spunbond nonwoven layer 52a is laminated on both sides of a meltblown nonwoven layer 52b. The meltblown layer has a density of, for example, 0.26 g / cm 3 More than 0.7g / cm 3 The thickness of the spunbonded nonwoven layer 52a is preferably 20 μm or more and 60 μm or less, and the constituent fibers are preferably not fused to each other, but may be fused. On the other hand, the thickness of the spunbonded nonwoven layer 52a is not particularly limited, but as long as it is within the range of 100 μm or more and 300 μm or less, which is the thickness of the entire nonwoven fabric, it can be appropriately adjusted according to the thickness of the meltblown nonwoven layer 52b. The thickness of the spunbonded nonwoven layer 52a is, for example, preferably in the range of 40 μm or more and 140 μm or less per layer. The thickness of the spunbonded nonwoven layer 52a may be different on both sides of the meltblown nonwoven layer 52b. The density of the spunbonded nonwoven layer 52a is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 g / cm 3 More than 0.8g / cm 3 The following is the result.

[0061] In the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50, the nonwoven fabric is not particularly limited in terms of the overall basis weight. For example, the basis weight is 30 g / m 2 More than 120g / m 2 If the following nonwoven fabric is used, the water pressure resistance is at least 100 cmw.c., so the nonwoven fabric alone can meet the standard value of 100 cmw.c. or more set forth in JISA6111, which is the standard for moisture-permeable waterproof sheets. More preferably, the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric is 50 g / m 2 More than 80g / m 2 If it is below this value, the balance between moisture permeability, strength, and water resistance is good.

[0062] In the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50, the fibers used in the spunbond nonwoven layer 52a are more preferably 1.5 denier or more and 4 denier or less, and the fibers used in the meltblown nonwoven layer 52b are more preferably 0.1 denier or more and 0.3 denier or less.

[0063] If the spunbond nonwoven layer 52a and the meltblown nonwoven layer 52b have the fiber diameter, density, etc. as described above, they can exhibit moisture permeability that allows moisture and water vapor to pass through while exhibiting windproof and waterproof properties that prevent liquid moisture from passing through. If the fiber diameter, density, etc. are below these ranges, moisture and water vapor will not easily pass through even if the unattached area and basis weight of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 53 are adjusted, while if the fiber diameter, density, etc. are above these ranges, liquid moisture will easily pass through.

[0064] In the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50, the spunbond nonwoven layers 52a on both sides of the meltblown nonwoven layer 52b may be of the same type and thickness, or may be of different types and thicknesses.

[0065] The nonwoven fabric may contain at least one type of fiber selected from polyethylene terephthalate fibers, polybutylene terephthalate fibers, polyamide (nylon) fibers, rayon fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers (polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, etc.), acrylic resin, vinylon fibers, and aramid fibers.

[0066] It is sufficient that the spunbond nonwoven layer 52a is laminated on both sides of the meltblown nonwoven layer 52b, and the spunbond nonwoven layer 52a may be a plurality of layers. Specifically, a nonwoven fabric selected from the group consisting of spunbond nonwoven layer-meltblown nonwoven layer-spunbond nonwoven layer (SMS), spunbond nonwoven layer-meltblown nonwoven layer-meltblown nonwoven layer-spunbond nonwoven layer (SMMS), and spunbond nonwoven layer-meltblown nonwoven layer-meltblown nonwoven layer-spunbond nonwoven layer (SMMMS) can be used. More preferably, the nonwoven fabric is SMS (one layer of middle meltblown layer (M)), SMMS (two layers of middle meltblown layer (M)), or SMMMS (three layers of middle meltblown layer (M)), because stable performance can be obtained.

[0067] In the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50, the spunbond nonwoven layer 52a is, for example, a moisture-permeable hot melt adhesive layer having water droplet impermeable and moisture-permeable gaps, pores and / or fusion sites 56b formed by nonwoven fibers using a hot melt adhesive containing a moisture-permeable resin, and a nonwoven sheet is fused to both sides of the moisture-permeable hot melt adhesive layer at the fusion sites 56b of the moisture-permeable hot melt adhesive layer. This spunbond nonwoven fabric 52a may be, for example, a laminated sheet consisting of a meltblown nonwoven layer 52b sandwiched between the spunbond nonwoven layers 52a. The spunbond nonwoven fabric 52a and the adhesive layer 53 form gaps through which water vapor can pass between the meltblown laminated fibers and the adhesive layer, and are entangled and adhered to the screw nail, so that the sheet has moisture permeability, excellent wind resistance, and further nail hole water stoppage, which is a water stoppage for nail holes. The hot melt adhesive is applied in an amount of, for example, 5 g / m 2 More than 75g / m 2 The upper limit is preferably 50 g / m 2 Less than or equal to 30 g / m 2 More preferably, 20 g / m or less 2 The lower limit is preferably 5 g / m 2 That's all.

[0068] In the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50, the spunbond nonwoven layer 52a is an aggregate of numerous nonwoven fibers 56, as shown in the partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of Fig. 4(a). The nonwoven fibers 56 are formed by spinning a hot melt adhesive containing a moisture-permeable resin by the melt blowing method, and then crushing the nonwoven fibers 56 with a heat-pressing roll (not shown). As a result, the spunbond nonwoven layer 52a has linear regions 56a in which the nonwoven fibers 56 that retain their fibrous shape are irregularly overlapped or entangled, and fused regions 56b in which some of the nonwoven fibers 56 have lost their fibrous shape due to crushing and are fused to each other.

[0069] In the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50, the nonwoven fabric preferably has numerous micropores. More preferably, these micropores have an average diameter of 0.1 to 0.3 μm. When the structure of the web made of adhesive is within the above range, water vapor particles with diameters on the order of nm can pass through, but rainwater particles with diameters on the order of several hundred μm to several mm cannot pass through. As a result, the web made of adhesive can have moisture permeability and waterproofness in addition to strong adhesiveness.

[0070] The nonwoven fibers 56 in the fused portion 56b are crushed and expanded in an unhardened softened state by the heat compression process, and some of them lose their fibrous shape and fuse together to form a sheet-like shape. Therefore, the fused portion 56b at the interface between the meltblown nonwoven layer 52b and the spunbonded nonwoven layer 52a on the bottom side as the base layer and the spunbonded nonwoven layer 52a on the front side as the surface layer is in surface contact with the fibers of both spunbonded nonwoven layers 52a and fuses them while covering them. As a result, the spunbonded nonwoven layer 52a and the meltblown nonwoven layer 52b are firmly fused together, so that the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 having the spunbonded nonwoven layer 52a exhibits windproofness and waterproofness that can withstand a water pressure of 8 kPa or more as specified in JIS A6111 (2016).

[0071] Moreover, since the meltblown nonwoven layer 52b formed with the hot melt adhesive contains a moisture-permeable resin, moisture permeability is not impaired even though it has sheet-like fused portions 56b. Countless fused portions 56b are scattered throughout the nonwoven fabric layer 52. This makes the tensile strength and tear strength of the nonwoven fabric layer 52 much higher than that of an aggregate of fibers that are simply overlapped or entangled while maintaining their fiber shape.

[0072] In the linear portion 56a, the nonwoven fibers 56 overlap and intertwine to form minute gaps and pores between them. Furthermore, the linear portion 56a existing at the interface between the spunbond nonwoven layer 52a and the meltblown nonwoven layer 52b is bonded to the fibers of the spunbond nonwoven layers 52a and 52a at points by the adhesive force of the hot melt adhesive which is the material of the linear portion 56a.

[0073] The width of the gaps or pores in the linear portions 56a is preferably 10 to 80 μm, more preferably 10 to 50 μm, and even more preferably 10 to 30 μm. As a result, the gaps or pores exhibit waterproofing by not allowing, for example, drizzle having a diameter of 100 to 500 μm or raindrops having a diameter exceeding 500 μm to pass through, and also exhibit moisture permeability by allowing water vapor particles and steam having a diameter on the order of nanometers to pass through.

[0074] In addition, in the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50, as shown in FIG. 4(b), the moisture-permeable waterproof resin film 52c, the nonwoven layer 52d, and the adhesive layer 53 can exhibit moisture permeability that allows moisture and water vapor to pass through, while exhibiting windproof and waterproof properties that prevent liquid moisture from passing through. If the film thickness of the moisture-permeable waterproof resin film 52c or the fiber diameter of the nonwoven layer 52d is below this range, moisture and water vapor will not easily pass through even if the unattached area and basis weight of the adhesive layer 53 are adjusted, while if it exceeds this range, liquid moisture will easily pass through. In addition, since the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 is laminated with the moisture-permeable waterproof film, it also has windproof and waterproof properties and the ability to stop water from passing through fastening holes.

[0075] In this way, the waterproof and breathable building material 100 has a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer 52 consisting of a spunbond nonwoven layer 52a and a meltblown nonwoven layer 52b, or a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer 52 consisting of a moisture-permeable waterproof resin film 52c and a nonwoven layer 52d, which is covered on the upper side with a metal foil layer 51 having moisture-permeable holes 55 and attached on the lower side with a moisture-permeable adhesive layer 53, thereby combining excellent wind resistance and moisture permeability, wind resistance, waterproofing, and nail hole water resistance, and therefore reliably prevents rainwater from entering the house through the roof or walls, while at the same time allowing water vapor inside the house to pass through, preventing the occurrence of condensation.

[0076] When using the waterproof breathable building material 100, the following configuration allows for easy application.

[0077] In the waterproof and breathable building material 100, the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 has a release paper 54 attached to the adhesive layer 53 (see Figs. 4(a) and (b)). When the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 is wound into a roll, the release paper 54 is peeled off at the construction site, and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 can be unrolled and easily affixed to the roofing board 40. When the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 is wound into a roll after a release agent layer is provided on the metal foil layer 51 so as not to block the moisture-permeable pores 55 (not shown), the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 can be simply unrolled and easily affixed to the roofing board 40 without the need to peel off the release paper. The moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 can be affixed to the desired length while remaining long, but is affixed so that the short ends of adjacent moisture-permeable waterproof sheets 50 overlap in the short direction (perpendicular to the long direction).

[0078] In the waterproof and breathable building material 100, the waterproof and breathable material 1 made of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2 has an end side 5a connected to one side in the longitudinal direction L-L' via a step 5b of about the thickness and formed as an ear when molded with a mold, and an end band side 4b connected to the other side via a step 4a of about the thickness and formed as an ear when molded with a mold. The mold may be one in which the raw material of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2 made of thermoplastic resin is sandwiched between a male mold and a female mold having cavities corresponding to the recessed portion 22 and the uneven portion 10 under heating and pressed to form the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2, or one in which the raw material of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2 made of thermoplastic resin is sandwiched between molds having cavities corresponding to the recessed portion 22 and the uneven portion 10 under heating and vacuum-suctioned so as to be in close contact with the mold under heating to form the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2.

[0079] When these multiple waterproof ventilation materials 1 are partially overlapped and installed on a roof, the uneven portions 20 of the end row of the uneven portions 20 near the edge portion 5a of one waterproof ventilation material and the end row of the uneven portions 20 near the edge portion 4b of another waterproof ventilation material may be made to fit or interlock with each other.

[0080] As shown in FIG. 1-1(b), a waterproof and breathable building material 100 is formed by providing a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 on the underside of the waterproof and breathable material 1.

[0081] 1-1(b), the waterproof and breathable building material 100 is constructed by attaching a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 onto a roofing board 40, connecting a plurality of waterproof and breathable materials 1 having the same configuration and shape onto the sheet, and laying the waterproof and breathable building material 100. The waterproof and breathable materials 1 are fixed to the roofing board 40 together with the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 by nails 80. The waterproof and breathable material 1 is constructed and functions as follows.

[0082] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1-3, an edge portion 5a of a non-vapor-permeable waterproof sheet 2 and an edge portion 4b of another non-vapor-permeable waterproof sheet 2 are overlapped, and the waterproof and breathable building material 100 is installed on a roof directly or via a vapor-permeable waterproof sheet 50 on a sheathing board 40 when the waterproof and breathable building material 100 is applied to a roof. At this time, multiple waterproof and breathable materials 1 are connected by nesting of convex portions, and / or the non-vapor-permeable waterproof sheets are connected to each other by being attached with tape, glued with an adhesive, cast with a caster such as a staple, tacker, needle, nail, tack, split tack, or hook, screwed with a screwing tool such as a bolt and nut or a screw, or connected with a connector such as a wire or string.

[0083] In the waterproof and breathable building material 100, the waterproof and breathable material 1 and its connected body constituting it are in contact with the roofing board 40 at the bottom 15 of the recessed portion 22 directly or via the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 on the sheet underside 3b of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2. Between the sheet underside 3b of the waterproof and breathable material 1 or its connected body and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 or the roofing board 40, ventilation portions 31 of voids are formed around the outline of the multiple recessed portions 22. The ventilation portions 31 communicate with the outside world from the end edge portions 5a and end band edge portions 4b along the longitudinal direction of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2, and from the cut end portions of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2 in the longitudinal direction.

[0084] Water vapor and moisture that are generated inside a wooden house 60 (see FIG. 9) and permeate the sheathing boards 40 permeate the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 and are released from inside the wooden house 60 to the outside through the ventilation section 31 on the sheet underside 3b side of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2, which is the waterproof breathable material 1. As a result, water vapor and moisture do not accumulate in the ventilation section 31, and condensation on the sheathing boards 40 is suppressed. Even if some of the water vapor and moisture condenses, it gradually evaporates and is released to the outside.

[0085] On the other hand, in the waterproof breathable material 1 and its connected body that constitute the waterproof breathable building material 100, the convex portion 11a of the uneven portion 10 protrudes upward on the sheet upper surface 3a side of the non-breathable waterproof sheet 2, so that the end edge portion 5a and end band edge portion 4b along the longitudinal direction of the non-breathable waterproof sheet 2, and the cut end portion in the longitudinal direction of the non-breathable waterproof sheet 2 are connected to the outside world.

[0086] Behind the roofing material 70 inside a wooden house 60 (see FIG. 9), water vapor and moisture pass through the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 and are released from inside the wooden house 60 to the outside through the ventilation portion 31 on the sheet upper surface 3a side of the moisture-impermeable waterproof sheet 2, which is the waterproof and breathable material 1. Even if some of the water vapor and moisture condenses and adheres to the sheet upper surface 3a of the moisture-impermeable waterproof sheet 2, which is the waterproof and breathable material 1, or accumulates slightly in the recessed portion 22, it gradually evaporates and is released to the outside.

[0087] Therefore, the waterproof and breathable material 1 using the non-vapor-permeable waterproof sheet 2 has good breathability on the upper surface 3a and the lower surface 3b of the sheet, and condensation is unlikely to remain, so that condensation does not drip onto the sheathing boards 40, effectively preventing condensation on the sheathing boards 40, and not only does it prevent the sheathing boards 40 from rotting, but it also prevents the crosspieces 61a and the roofing material 70 from rotting. In addition, it prevents the staples and nails 80 that secure the non-vapor-permeable waterproof sheet 2, which is the waterproof and breathable material 1, from corroding.

[0088] The nail 80 that fixes the waterproof and breathable building material 100 to the roofing board 40 penetrates the waterproof and breathable material 1. The nail 80 has a sharply pointed tip, a body, and a head that is larger in diameter than the body. The non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2, which is the waterproof and breathable material 1, has a thickness and elongation rate within the above range, and therefore has sufficient strength, flexibility, and elasticity. As a result, even if a hole is made by the penetrating nail 80, the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2 adheres closely to the body of the nail 80 and does not form a gap between it and the nail 80. As a result, the waterproof and breathable material 1 exhibits high windproofness, waterproofness, and fastening hole water-stopping properties, and does not allow moisture to penetrate into the roofing board 40.

[0089] According to the waterproof and breathable building material 100, the waterproof and breathable materials 1 overlap the edge portion 5a of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2 with the edge portion 4b of another non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2, so that even if rainwater leaks from the roofing material 70, the presence of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2 prevents it from entering the room from the sheet upper surface 3a side of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2. Even if water vapor or moisture from inside the room enters from the sheet lower surface 3b side of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2, it can be released to the outside due to the presence of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2, so condensation does not occur.

[0090] Furthermore, according to the waterproof and breathable building material 100, the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 exhibits windproof properties, waterproof properties, fastening hole water-tightness and moisture permeability due to the metal foil layer 51 with moisture-permeable holes, the nonwoven fabric layer 52 and the adhesive layer 53, and allows moisture and water vapor inside the room to be released to the outside without allowing moisture from the outside to penetrate the sheathing board 40.

[0091] This waterproof and breathable building material 100 is laid on the sheathing board 40 during roof construction, for example, as follows. The worker unrolls the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 from the roll and applies it so as to cover the entire surface of the sheathing board 40. Next, the roll of the waterproof and breathable material 1 is unrolled and placed on the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 placed on the sheathing board 40 along the eaves 63 from the eaves 63 side, and the waterproof and breathable material 1 is unrolled from the roll and cut to cover the sheathing board 40 evenly from one end to the other end. At this time, the waterproof and breathable material 1 is laid in such a manner that the outer surface of the bottom 25 of the recessed portion 22 abuts against the sheathing board 40 via the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50. If necessary, it is fixed with staples, nails, or the like.

[0092] Next, from the eaves 63 side to the ridge 64 side, the edge portion 4b of the non-vapour permeable waterproof sheet 2 of the previous waterproof and breathable material 1 is overlapped with the edge portion 5a of the non-vapour permeable waterproof sheet 2 of another waterproof and breathable material 1 that has been similarly unrolled, cut and installed parallel to it, and if necessary, fixed with nails 80, staples or the like or attached to the joints with waterproof tape.

[0093] By using this waterproof and breathable building material 100, it is possible to simply attach a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet, connect and temporarily assemble a plurality of waterproof and breathable materials 1, and lay them down as the waterproof and breathable building material 100 according to the shape of the roof of the house. As a result, the time required for laying the roof underlayment can be shortened compared to the conventional method, and the burden on the worker can be reduced.

[0094] Thereafter, the crosspieces 61a are installed and fixed with nails 80 or the like, and the roofing material is then covered to form the roof 61.

[0095] Furthermore, when the waterproof and breathable building material 100 is laid in rainy weather, rainwater may accumulate in the recesses 22 of the non-moisture permeable waterproof sheet 2. However, as already explained, after the roof is formed, the rainwater naturally evaporates and is discharged outdoors, eliminating the need for the troublesome task of draining the accumulated rainwater one by one, thus simplifying the work process.

[0096] A method for manufacturing the waterproof, breathable building material 100 will now be described. First, in the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 (see FIG. 4(a)), in which a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer 52 made of spunbonded nonwoven fabric is covered on the upper side with a metal foil layer 51 having moisture-permeable holes 55 and attached on the lower side with a moisture-permeable adhesive layer 53, a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer 52 made of spunbonded nonwoven fabric in which a spunbonded nonwoven layer 52a, a meltblown nonwoven layer 52b, and a spunbonded nonwoven fabric 52a are laminated by a spunbonding method or a meltblown spunbonding method, and the metal foil layer 51 having moisture-permeable holes 55 is bonded or heat-melted to the upper surface of the nonwoven fabric layer 52 with an adhesive, while an adhesive is applied (for example, preferably by spraying) to the lower surface of the nonwoven fabric layer 52, thereby producing a waterproof and breathable building material 100. Alternatively, in the case of a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 (see FIG. 4(b)), in which a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer consisting of a moisture-permeable waterproof resin film 52c and a nonwoven layer 52d is covered on the upper side with a metal foil layer 51 having moisture-permeable holes 55 and attached on the lower side with a moisture-permeable adhesive layer, the nonwoven fabric is bonded to the moisture-permeable waterproof resin film 52c with an adhesive or by heat melting to produce the nonwoven fabric layer 52, the metal foil layer 51 having moisture-permeable holes 55 is bonded to the upper surface of the nonwoven fabric layer 52 with an adhesive or by heat melting, while an adhesive is applied (for example, preferably by spraying) to the lower surface of the nonwoven fabric layer 52, thereby producing a waterproof, breathable building material 100. After the metal foil layer 11 is applied by vapor deposition, the moisture-permeable pores 15 may be formed. On the other hand, the waterproof and breathable material 1 is produced by unrolling a resin base board from a roll, heating it between male and female dies that form the uneven shape of the waterproof and breathable material 1 to form a non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2, and then winding it up into a roll.

[0097] 9 shows a partially cutaway perspective view of the waterproof, breathable building material 100 being installed on a wooden house 60. The waterproof, breathable building material 100 is a roof underlayment that is laid evenly on top of the sheathing boards 40. Crosspieces 61a are fixed to the sheathing boards 40 together with the waterproof, breathable building material 100 by nails 80. As the roofing material 30, a metal roofing material such as galvalume steel sheet (a registered trademark of Nippon Steel Corporation) is fixed to the crosspieces 61a.

[0098] In winter, the roof 61 separates the cold outdoors from the warm interior of the wooden house 60, which is heated by heating, etc., so that condensation is likely to occur on the sheathing boards 40 due to the temperature difference and the water vapor and moisture generated inside the wooden house 60. However, as described above, the ventilation section 31 that communicates with the outdoors is formed between the sheathing boards 40 and the waterproof and breathable building material 100 made of waterproof and breathable material, so that the water vapor that has permeated the sheathing boards 40 permeates the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 and is discharged to the outdoors through the ventilation section 31 below the waterproof and breathable material 1, so that condensation does not occur on the sheathing boards 40 or the battens 61a. This prevents these from rotting.

[0099] Moreover, the resin non-permeable waterproof sheet 2 and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50, which are the waterproof and breathable material 1, do not transmit water vapor or moisture generated inside the wooden house 60, and the non-permeable waterproof sheet 2 has high windproofing, waterproofing, and fastening hole water-tightness, so that the water vapor and moisture do not reach the metal roofing material 30. As a result, the waterproof and breathable building material 100 prevents not only the decay of the sheathing boards 40 but also the corrosion of the metal roofing material 30.

[0100] Furthermore, the roof 61 is sometimes exposed to heavy rain. At this time, rainwater may seep in through the joints between the multiple roofing materials 30 and reach the upper surface of the waterproof and breathable building material 100. The waterproof and breathable building material 100 does not allow rainwater to seep into the wooden house 60 because the non-moisture permeable waterproof sheet 2, which is highly flexible and elastic, adheres closely to the surface of the body of the nail 80 that penetrates it, thereby exhibiting high fastening hole water-stopping properties.

[0101] Windproofness, moisture permeability, and waterproofness are measured in accordance with JIS A6111:2016 and are related to watertightness. A moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 (see FIG. 4(a)) in which a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer 52 made of spunbond nonwoven fabric is covered on the upper side with a metal foil layer 51 having moisture-permeable holes 55 and attached on the lower side with a moisture-permeable adhesive layer 53 meets the moisture permeability and waterproofness standards of JIS A6111:2016 and is also excellent in windproofness. In addition, a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 (see FIG. 4(b)) in which a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer 52 consisting of a moisture-permeable waterproof resin film 52d and a nonwoven layer 52d is covered on the upper side with a metal foil layer 51 having moisture-permeable holes 55 and attached on the lower side with a moisture-permeable adhesive layer 53 also conforms to the moisture permeability and waterproofness standards of JIS A6111:2016 and has excellent wind resistance.

[0102] 1-1 to 1-3, the protrusions 11a are arranged between the vertical rows of the recesses, but they may be arranged between the horizontal rows instead of or in addition to the vertical rows (not shown).

[0103] The convex portions 11a in the convex portion row, which are arranged parallel to the vertical row direction and spaced apart between the vertical rows of the concave portions 22, are shaped as multiple non-annular convex portions. In Figures 1-1 and 1-2, an example of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped convex portion 11a1 (see Figure 2(a)) extending along the L-L' direction is shown. However, the convex portions 11a may also be arranged along the L-L' direction and may be cubic convex portions 11a2 (see Figure 2(b)), cylindrical convex portions 11a3 (see Figure 2(c)), elliptical cylindrical convex portions 11a4 (see Figure 2(d)), square pyramidal convex portions 11a5 (see Figure 2(e)), hemispherical convex portions 11a6 (see Figure 2(f)), spherical crown-shaped convex portions 11a7 (see Figure 2(g)), or square prism-shaped convex portions 11a8 (see Figure 2(h)), such as hexagonal prism-shaped convex portions. A three-dimensional cross-shaped convex portion 11a9 (see FIG. 1(i)) in which one character of the cross is aligned along the L-L' direction, and a three-dimensional X-shaped convex portion 11a in which one character of the X is aligned diagonally to the L-L' direction are also aligned along the L-L' direction. 11 Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 1(k), the convex portions 11a may be arranged such that adjacent convex portions 11a in the convex portion row in the vertical direction (perpendicular to the L-L' direction) are aligned in the row direction. 11 and 11a 11’ The convex portions 11b are arranged in parallel in the row direction (L-L' direction) which is the row direction of the concave portions, with a gap between each pair of convex portions 11b. 11 and 11b 11’ The protrusions 11a may have an intermittent cross unit consisting of a pair of first protrusions 11b arranged in a diagonal direction between the vertical columns of the recesses 22 with a gap therebetween as shown in FIG. 12 and 11b 12’ and the first protruding portion 11a 12 and 11a 12’ The second protrusions 11b are arranged diagonally in a different direction from the vertical direction with a gap 11c between them. 12 and 11b 12’ As shown in FIG. 1(m), the protrusion 11a may have a three-dimensional T-shaped protrusion 11a. 13 However, the protrusions 11a may be arranged in the same direction or in alternately opposite directions along the L-L' direction. 14 However, they may be arranged in the same direction or alternately in opposite directions along the L-L' direction.

[0104] As shown in FIG. 3(a), the top surface 11e1 of the protrusion 11e as the non-ring-shaped protrusion 11 may be inclined relative to the sheet upper surface 3a so that, for example, the ridge side of a gable roof (see FIG. 9) is higher.

[0105] Although an example of a non-annular convex portion is shown as the convex portion 11, as shown in Fig. 3(b), a convex portion 11d may be a ring-shaped convex portion 11d having a continuous or intermittent crater-shaped outer ring 11d1. The inner side of the outer ring 11d1 may be shallower than the outer side, thereby providing an outer ring inner bottom 11d2.

[0106] Another embodiment of the waterproof breathable building material 100 of the present invention is shown in Fig. 5-1 and Fig. 5-2. Fig. 5-1(a) is a plan view of a long waterproof breathable material 1 with a part cut out, and Fig. 5-1(b) is a front cross-sectional view thereof. Fig. 5-1(c) is a left side view thereof, Fig. 5-2(d) is a right side view thereof, and Fig. 5-2(e) is a bottom view thereof. The rear cross-sectional view is omitted because it is symmetrical with the front cross-sectional view. Below, the differences from the waterproof breathable material 1 shown with reference to Figs. 1-1 to 1-3 etc. will be mainly explained.

[0107] The waterproof and breathable material 1 is a roof underlayment that is fixed to the wood that constitutes a wooden house, for example, a roof board 40. The waterproof and breathable material 1 is made of a flexible, non-moisture permeable waterproof sheet, and is a long, rollable material that extends continuously in the longitudinal direction L-L' (vertical direction).

[0108] The waterproof breathable material 1 has a plurality of irregularities 20 arranged in an orderly manner vertically and horizontally on the flat plate portion 6 between the end edge portion 5a and the end band edge portion 4b. The irregularities 20 have a recessed portion 22 having an opening edge on the upper surface 3a of the sheet and recessed from the opening edge to the lower surface of the sheet, an annular convex portion 23 consisting of arc-shaped convex portions 23a-23d surrounding the opening edge and protruding from the upper surface 3a of the sheet, and an annular gap 24 consisting of gaps 24a-24d that separate adjacent arc-shaped convex portions 23a-23d by gaps 21. The irregularities 20 are arranged in five rows that are equally spaced from each other along the longitudinal direction L-L' and are provided at equal intervals in the same direction as the longitudinal direction and the left-right direction perpendicular thereto.

[0109] The uneven portion 20 is configured such that four arc-shaped convex portions 23a-23d forming an annular convex portion 23 and four intermittent portions 24a-24d forming an annular intermittent portion 24 are alternately arranged in a round ring shape on the sheet upper surface 3a side (front surface side: outdoor side).

[0110] The arc-shaped protrusion 23a is hollow due to its arc-shaped rise. The arc-shaped protrusion 23a rises on the inside and outside of the arc by the inner slope 23a2 and the outer slope 23a4, and by the intermittent portion side slopes 23a1 and 23a3 facing the adjacent arc-shaped protrusions 23b-23d, forming a raised top surface 23a5. The outer slope 23a4 and the intermittent portion side slopes 23a1 and 23a3 rise from the flat plate portion 6, while the inner slope 23a3 extends to the inclined surface of the recessed portion 22 recessed in a truncated cone shape.

[0111] The arcuate protrusions 23b to 23d are similar to the arcuate protrusion 23a, except that they are offset from each other by 45° in an arc shape.

[0112] The four recesses 24a to 24d constituting the annular recess 24 are formed on the flat plate portion 6. As shown in FIG.

[0113] The annular convex portion 23 and the annular recesses 24 act as a slip prevention device to prevent slipping when stepped on.

[0114] Although an example of the annular convex portion 23 formed by four arcuate convex portions 23a to 23d and the annular intermittences 24 formed by four intermittences 24a to 24d is illustrated, the number of each may be two to three, or five to eight. It is preferable that the annular convex portion 23 and the annular intermittences 24 form an annular shape at equal intervals.

[0115] The recess 22 protrudes downward from the sheet lower surface 3b, has a truncated cone shape that gradually decreases in diameter toward the roofing board 40, and has a bottom 25.

[0116] The boundary between the recess 22 and the four recesses 24a to 24d that form the annular recess 24 forms an opening edge on the upper surface of the sheet.

[0117] When these multiple waterproof ventilation materials 1 are partially overlapped and installed on a roof, the uneven portions 20 of the end row of the uneven portions 20 near the edge portion 5a of one waterproof ventilation material and the end row of the uneven portions 20 near the edge portion 4b of another waterproof ventilation material may be made to fit or interlock with each other.

[0118] The waterproof breathable material 1 functions, for example, as shown in FIG. 5-1(b), which is similar to that shown in FIG. 1-1(b).

[0119] The waterproof breathable material 1 and the waterproof breathable building material 100 using the same, which are common to Figs. 1-1 to 1-3, 2 to 4, 5-1 to 5-3, and 6 to 9, will be described below.

[0120] The moisture-impermeable waterproof sheet 2 is a hard or soft resin plate made of at least one of the resins selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyester, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, and exhibits waterproofness by preventing rainwater from passing through, and does not allow water vapor or moisture to pass through, so it is substantially moisture-impermeable. The moisture-impermeable waterproof sheet 2 is formed by molding a resin raw material plate with a male mold and a female mold that form the uneven shape of the waterproof breathable material 1. The moisture-impermeable waterproof sheet 2 may be a resin plate containing inorganic filler, talc, calcium carbonate, quartz, and various additives. The resin may be a so-called recycled resin product, or a mixture of a recycled resin product and an unprocessed resin product.

[0121] The non-vapor-permeable waterproof sheet 2 is not particularly limited in strength, but for example, the elongation rate according to JIS K6767 (1999) is at least 30%. Specifically, the lower limit of this elongation rate is preferably 30%, more preferably 35%, and even more preferably 40%, and the upper limit is preferably 100%, more preferably 95%, and even more preferably 80%. Such a non-vapor-permeable waterproof sheet 2 is highly flexible and elastic, so that it adheres firmly to the surface of the body of the nail 80 (see FIG. 5-1) that penetrates it, leaving no gap between them.

[0122] The uneven parts 10 and 20 preferably have a strength sufficient to prevent them from being crushed even if a worker stands on or steps on them or fixes them by driving nails with a hammer when installing the waterproof and breathable material 1 on a roof. For this purpose, the thickness of the resin base plate of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet is set to 1 to 10 mm, and the thickness of the thinnest part of the uneven parts 10 and 20 when molded with a mold is set to at least 2 mm, preferably 2 to 6 mm, and more preferably 3 to 5 mm. In the uneven part 10, the maximum outer diameter of the recessed part 22 is 10 to 100 mm, and the long side length and short side length of the protruding part 11a are 10 to 100 mm, and in the uneven part 20, the maximum outer diameter of the annular protruding part 23 is 10 to 100 mm, the maximum inner diameter of the annular protruding part 23 is 5 to 95 mm, and the outer diameter of the bottom part 25 is 1 to 90 mm. Furthermore, the uneven portion 20 has a height difference (height) of the arcuate convex portion 23a from the seat upper surface 3a of the flat plate portion 6 of 3 to 10 mm, preferably 5 mm. The recessed portion 22 has a height difference (depth) of 5 to 10 mm, preferably 8 mm, from the seat lower surface 3b of the flat plate portion 6. The distance between the closest points of the outer shapes of adjacent uneven portions 20 is 5 to 20 mm. In the case of the ring-shaped convex portion 11d, the height of the outer ring 11d1 is the same as that of the above-mentioned convex portion, and the inner bottom is 1 to 2 mm higher than the seat upper surface 3a.

[0123] When the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2 is made of resin and has a thickness and diameter within this range, the multiple uneven portions 20 arranged at regular intervals uniformly distribute the load applied in the thickness direction of the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2, and this, together with the fact that the non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2 exhibits high load-bearing capacity such that it will not be crushed even if a worker stands on it when laying the waterproof breathable material 1.

[0124] The width of the waterproof ventilation material 1 (the distance from the edge portion 5a to the edge portion 4b) is not particularly limited, but is set to 100 to 1000 mm so that it is easy to wind and unwind into a roll. The waterproof ventilation material 1 extends in the longitudinal direction to a length of several tens of meters up to a maximum of 20 meters, and is wound up into a roll (not shown). An example with five rows of concave and convex portions 10 and 20 is shown, but it may be 3 to 4 rows or 6 to 10 rows depending on the width of the waterproof ventilation material 1.

[0125] On the other hand, when viewed from the sheet lower surface 3b side (reverse surface side: indoor side), the unevenness of the unevenness of the sheet upper surface 3a side is reversed. That is, the annular convex portion 23 formed by the arc-shaped convex portions 23a-23d is seen as being recessed from the sheet lower surface 3b toward the sheet upper surface 3a side, and the recessed portion 22 is seen as being protruding from the sheet lower surface 3b.

[0126] The plurality of projections and recesses 20 all have the same size (dimensions).

[0127] Each corner of the uneven portion 20 may be rounded inward or outward.

[0128] The bottom 25 of the uneven portion 20 contacts the roofing board 40 on the sheet lower surface 3b side, either directly or via a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50.

[0129] When the bottom 25 of the recessed portion 22 of the waterproof breathable material 1 comes into contact with the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 or the roofing board 40, the periphery of each recessed portion 22 on the underside 3b of the sheet forms a gap ventilation portion 31 between the waterproof breathable material 1 and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 or the roofing board 40.

[0130] Although an example has been shown in which the uneven portions 20 face in the same direction between each row, they may be arranged rotated by 45° between each row on a plane as shown in Fig. 7. Alternatively, they may be arranged rotated by 45° between each row on a plane as shown in Fig. 8. The uneven portions 20 may be provided randomly (not shown).

[0131] The roofing material 30 is not limited to metal roofing material, and may be, for example, slate as specified in JIS A5423 (2013). Slate roofing material is manufactured by compressing cement and then drying and curing it. Slate roofing material is prone to cracking when it is repeatedly absorbed and dried. When the waterproof and breathable building material 100 is used as a roofing base to cover the slate roofing material, the waterproof and breathable material 1 prevents water vapor and moisture generated in the wooden house 60 from reaching the slate roofing material, so that the slate roofing material does not absorb water due to condensation, especially during dry periods (winter on the Pacific Ocean side and summer on the Sea of ​​Japan side). This prevents the slate roofing material from repeatedly absorbing water and drying, and suppresses cracking.

[0132] Meanwhile, the waterproof breathable building material 100 has been described with reference to an example in which it is applied to a roof, but it can also be used when constructing a wall.

[0133] The waterproof and breathable building material 100 can also be used as a base for an exterior wall 62 by being fixed so as to cover the wall panel 62a. In this case, the exterior wall 62 is formed by applying lath 62b, mortar 62c, and a coating film 62d on the waterproof and breathable material 1. Even when the waterproof and breathable material 1 is used for the exterior wall 62, it does not allow rainwater to infiltrate into the exterior wall 62 due to its excellent fastening hole water-stopping properties and waterproofing, just as when it is used for the base of a roof 61, and furthermore, it does not cause condensation due to the ventilation part 31. As a result, the wood that is the framework of the wooden house 60, such as the sheathing board 40 and the wall panel 62a, does not decay due to rainwater infiltration and condensation.

[0134] Although the concave portion 22 of the concave-convex portion 20 has a truncated cone shape in the above example, it may have a truncated polygonal pyramid shape. Specific examples of such polygonal pyramids include triangular pyramids, quadrangular pyramids, pentagonal pyramids, hexagonal pyramids, heptagonal pyramids, and octagonal pyramids.

[0135] Examples of the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 include a sheet made of a resin nonwoven fabric having holes with a diameter of several hundred μm to several mm that allow water vapor particles to pass through while preventing rainwater from passing through, and a multilayer sheet in which a resin nonwoven fabric is laminated on both sides or one side of a porous film having such a pore diameter via an adhesive layer. The moisture-permeable waterproof sheet has moisture permeability, waterproofness, and fastening hole water-stopping properties that meet the regulations of JIS A6111 (2016). Examples of the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 include synthetic polymer-based sheets such as polyolefin sheets such as polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride; polyurethane sheets; polyvinyl butyral sheets; thermoplastic elastomer sheets; polyvinyl acetate sheets such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl acetate homopolymers, and partial or complete hydrolysis polymers thereof; rubber sheets such as vulcanized rubber and non-vulcanized rubber, and asphalt-based sheets such as asphalt roofing felt. The synthetic polymer-based sheet is preferably a product conforming to JIS A6008:2002 synthetic polymer-based roofing sheet, and the asphalt-based sheet is preferably a product conforming to JIS A 6013:2005 modified asphalt roofing sheet.

[0136] Examples of moisture-permeable waterproof sheets that satisfy the above-mentioned requirements include those available on the market, such as Roof Airtex and Super Airtex KD (manufactured by Fukuvi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., "Airtex", "Roof Airtex", and "Super Airtex" are registered trademarks of Fukuvi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Lamitect Hi·S (manufactured by Seiren Co., Ltd., "Lamitect" is a registered trademark of Seiren Co., Ltd.), Tyvek (manufactured by DuPont, "Tyvek" is a registered trademark of DuPont), and East Roof Silver (manufactured by Nagai Co., Ltd., "East" is a registered trademark of Nagai Co., Ltd.). Alternatively, the sheet may be a laminate in which a metal film material and / or a resin film is bonded or joined to a nonwoven fabric, preferably a laminate in which holes as described above are opened in an aluminum-deposited polyethylene resin film and the polyethylene nonwoven fabric is bonded to the film by heat fusion or adhesive.

[0137] As the waterproof breathable material 1, as shown in Figures 1-1 to 8, an example has been shown in which the non-moisture permeable waterproof sheet 2 is a single resin member, but it may also be a composite member having a base material 3 which has openings on the upper surface of the sheet of the base material 3, recessed portions scattered on the lower surface of the sheet, and anti-slip protrusions protruding from the upper surface of the sheet between the openings as necessary, and which also serves as a support, and an anti-slip layer 27 attached to the upper surface of the sheet of the base material 3.

[0138] Specifically, the waterproof breathable material 1 may be, as shown in Figs. 1-1 to 8, a base material 3 having openings on the upper surface of the sheet and scattered recessed portions 22 on the lower surface of the sheet, and non-ring-shaped or ring-shaped protrusions 11a-11c-11d or annular protrusions 23 on the upper surface of the sheet, and an anti-slip layer 27 (not shown in Figs. 1-1 to 8) attached to the upper surface side of the base material 3 and covering these protrusions, which constitutes a non-moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 2.

[0139] As another specific example, as shown in Fig. 9(a), the waterproof breathable material 1 may be a material that includes a base material 3 having openings on the upper surface of the sheet and recessed portions 22 scattered on the lower surface of the sheet but no protrusions on the upper surface of the sheet, and an anti-slip layer 27 that is attached to the upper surface side of the base material 3 and covers these protrusions, as a moisture-impermeable waterproof sheet 2. As shown in Fig. 9(b), when the waterproof breathable material 1 is installed with a nail, staple, tacker, needle, tack, split tack, or hook, excellent water stopping properties are exhibited by the anti-slip layer 27 that is softer and more elastic than the elasticity of the relatively hard base material 3. EXAMPLES

[0140] An embodiment to which the present invention is applied will be described below.

[0141] Example 1 Waterproof breathable materials 1 as shown in FIG. 5-1 were produced from base materials made of polypropylene (PP) resin having thicknesses of 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, and 1.0 mm as follows. While heating this base material at 230°C, a waterproof and breathable material 1 was molded on the flat portion 6, which was recessed from the underside 3b of the sheet by a depth of 8 mm and had an opening diameter of 18 mm and a bottom diameter of 8 mm on the upper surface of the base sheet, and a waterproof and breathable material 1 protruding from the upper surface of the base sheet to surround the recessed portion 22, and a waterproof and breathable material 1 was molded on the flat portion 6, which was recessed from the underside 3b of the sheet by a depth of 8 mm and had an opening diameter of 18 mm and a bottom diameter of 8 mm on the upper surface of the base sheet, and a waterproof and breathable material 1 protruding from the upper surface of the base sheet to surround the recessed portion 22, and a waterproof and breathable material 1 was molded on the flat portion 6, which was recessed from the lower surface ... Covered with a 30μm thick porous polyethylene film and laminated to a thickness of 0.8mm, with a basis weight of 180g / m 2 The fiber diameter is 50, 100 and 200 μm, and the weight is 65 g / m 2 The fabric is made of polyethylene and has 496,000 pores / m2 of 1.22 μm. 2 A metal foil layer 51 made of evaporated aluminum is applied to the nonwoven fabric at a density of 30 to 50 g / m 2 A moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 consisting of an adhesive layer 53 having the above structure and, if necessary, a release paper for covering the adhesive layer 53 was produced, and wound into a roll (see FIG. 4(b)). Waterproof and breathable material 1 was unwound from the roll of waterproof and breathable material 1, and moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 was unwound from the roll of moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50. These were then combined to create a total of 12 prototypes of waterproof and breathable building material 100 of Example 1, with four different thicknesses of base material and three different heights of the ring-shaped convex portion, and these were used for construction on roofs and walls.

[0142] Comparative Example 1 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the ring-shaped protrusion 23 was not included, prototypes of building materials of the comparative example were produced with four different thicknesses of the base material, and were used for construction of roofs and walls.

[0143] (Anti-slip confirmation test) The prototypes of the waterproof and breathable building material 100 obtained in Example 1 and the prototypes of the building material obtained in Comparative Example 1 were installed on a mock roof with a 1-inch gradient (gradient where the height is 1 relative to the base 10: angle θ = about 5.7°), a 3-inch gradient (gradient where the height is 3 relative to the base 10: angle θ = about 16.7°), a 5-inch gradient (gradient where the height is 5 relative to the base 10: angle θ = about 26.5°), and a 6-inch gradient (gradient where the height is 6 relative to the base 10: angle θ = about 31°). When an adult male with a standard weight of about 70 kg stepped on them with safety shoes used for installing roofs and roots, they were evaluated in three stages: ◯ for those that were non-slip and did not slip, △ for those that were non-slip but slippery, and × for those that slipped. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0144] [Table 1]

[0145] As is clear from Table 1, as in the results of Example 1, when the thickness of the base material is as thin as 0.3 mm, even with a 3-inch gradient, the ring-shaped protrusions would slip if their height was not 1 mm or more, and even with a 5-inch gradient, the ring-shaped protrusions would slip if their height was not 3 mm or more. This appears to be because when the thickness of the base material is too thin, the ring-shaped protrusions are easily crushed when stepped on at a gentle gradient, providing a non-slip surface, whereas when the gradient is steep, the ring-shaped protrusions are crushed too much when stepped on, making it difficult to provide a non-slip surface. When the thickness of the base material was relatively thick at 0.5 mm, all practical gradients from 1 inch gradient to 6 inch gradient were non-slip. This is because the base material had a certain degree of thickness, so even if the ring-shaped convex parts were crushed a little, they were not crushed too much and functioned sufficiently as a non-slip material. When the thickness of the base material was increased to 0.7mm to 1mm, the lower the height of the ring-shaped protrusions, the more slippery they became at the 5-inch and 6-inch gradients. This is because if the base material was too thick, the ring-shaped protrusions would not easily collapse when stepped on, making it difficult for them to function as an anti-slip surface. On the other hand, when the height of the ring-shaped convexity was 0 mm, the slope was too gentle at a 1-inch gradient and it barely provided an anti-slip effect, but at a gradient of 3 inches or more it no longer provided an anti-slip effect.

[0146] Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a waterproof breathable material 1 made of a moisture-impermeable waterproof sheet 2 was formed and wound into a roll. Spun from polyethylene pellets and meltblown to a thickness of 499 mm and a basis weight of 75 g / m 2 The fabric was a commercially available SMMMS (basis weight ratios are S41%, M6%, M6%, M6% S41%) polyethylene nonwoven fabric with a thickness of approximately 499 μm, and had 444,444 pores per m2 with an average diameter of 0.62 mm. 2 The metal foil layer 51 is made of 7 μm aluminum foil with a density of 30 to 50 g / m2 and is attached to the nonwoven fabric by vapor deposition. 2 A moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 was prepared, which was composed of an adhesive layer 53 having the above-mentioned structure and, if necessary, a release paper for covering the adhesive layer 53, and was wound up in a roll (see FIG. 4(a)). Waterproof and breathable material 1 was unwound from the roll of waterproof and breathable material 1, and moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50 was unwound from the roll of moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 50. These were then combined to create a total of 12 prototypes of waterproof and breathable building material 100 of Example 1, with four different thicknesses of base material and three different heights of the ring-shaped convex portion, and these were used for construction on roofs and walls. When a slip-proofing test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, the same results as in Example 1 were obtained. [Industrial Applicability]

[0147] The waterproof and breathable building material of the present invention is used as a base for the roof or exterior wall of a house. [Explanation of symbols]

[0148] 1 is a waterproof breathable material, 2 is a non-moisture permeable waterproof sheet, 3 is a substrate, 5a is an edge portion, 5b is a step, 4b is an edge portion, 4a is a step, 3a is an upper surface of the sheet, 3b is a lower surface of the sheet, 6 is a flat plate portion, 10 is an uneven portion, 11a, 11a1 to 11a 10 11a 11 11a 11’ 11b 11 11b 11’ 11a 12 11b 12’ 11b 12 11b 12’is a convex portion (non-annular convex portion), 11c is a gap, 11d is a convex portion (annular convex portion), 11d1 is an outer ring, 11d2 is an inner bottom of the outer ring, 12 is an opening, 15 is a bottom portion, 20 is an uneven portion, 21 is an intermittent portion, 22 is a concave portion, 23 is an annular convex portion, 23a to 23d are arc-shaped convex portions, 23a1 is an intermittent portion side slope, 23a2 is an inner slope, 23a3 is an intermittent portion side slope, 23a4 is an outer slope, 23a5 is a top end surface, 24 is annular intermittency, 24a to 24d are intermittent portions, 25 is a bottom, 27 is an anti-slip layer, 30 is a nail, 31 is a ventilation portion, 32 is a gap portion, 40 is a sheathing board, 50 is a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet, 5 Reference numeral 1 denotes a metal foil layer, 52 denotes a nonwoven fabric layer, 52a denotes a spunbond nonwoven layer, 52b denotes a meltblown nonwoven layer, 52c denotes a moisture-permeable waterproof resin film, 52d denotes a nonwoven layer, 53 denotes an adhesive layer, 54 denotes release paper, 55 denotes a moisture-permeable porous layer, 56 denotes a nonwoven fiber, 56a denotes a linear portion, 56b denotes a fused portion, 60 denotes a wooden house, 61 denotes a roof, 61a denotes a batten, 62 denotes an exterior wall, 62a denotes a wall panel, 62b denotes a lath, 62c denotes mortar, 62d denotes a paint film, 63 denotes an eaves, 64 denotes a ridge, 70 denotes a roofing material, 80 denotes a nail, 100 denotes a waterproof and breathable building material, L-L' denotes the longitudinal direction, and A-A' denotes the direction of the arrow.

Claims

1. a waterproof ventilation material comprising a moisture-impermeable waterproof sheet made of resin and / or rubber, the waterproof sheet having openings on the upper surface of the base sheet and recessed portions scattered and / or arranged in rows on the lower surface of the sheet, and anti-slip portions having at least one anti-slip protrusion selected from non-annular protrusions and / or annular protrusions protruding from the upper surface of the sheet between the openings, and annular protrusions surrounding the openings and protruding from the upper surface of the sheet, the protrusions having deformation recovery properties or deformation non-recovery properties, the recessed portions having strength not to be crushed, and the moisture-impermeable waterproof sheet having flexibility that allows it to be wound into a roll; A moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer made of a moisture-permeable waterproof resin film and a nonwoven fabric, or a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer made of a spunbonded nonwoven fabric, is covered on the upper side with a moisture-permeable metal foil layer having porous holes, and is attached on the lower side with a moisture-permeable adhesive layer, and is a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet to be placed between the waterproof ventilation material and the roof board. A waterproof and breathable building material comprising:

2. The waterproof and breathable building material described in claim 1, characterized in that the nonwoven fabric layer in the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet is composed of the moisture-permeable waterproof resin film made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, or polypropylene, and the nonwoven fabric selected from polyamide (nylon) fibers, rayon fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers (polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, etc.), acrylic resin, vinylon fibers, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide, rayon, polyester, acrylic resin, vinylon resin, and aramid resin, or the spunbond nonwoven fabric selected from polyamide (nylon) fibers, rayon fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers (polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, etc.), acrylic resin, vinylon fibers, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide, rayon, polyester, acrylic resin, vinylon resin, and aramid resin.

3. The metal foil layer is made of aluminum, and the pores have an aperture ratio of 1.2 to 7.0%, and / or an average diameter or void size of 0.5 to 2000 μm, and / or an aperture number of 100,000 / m ２ More than 1 million pieces / m ２ The following are the The moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer, which is made of the moisture-permeable waterproof resin film and the nonwoven fabric, has gaps, pores and / or fusion sites that are impermeable to water droplets and moisture-permeable due to the nonwoven fibers formed with a hot melt adhesive containing a moisture-permeable resin, and nonwoven sheets are fused to both sides of a moisture-permeable adhesive layer having adhesiveness due to the hot melt adhesive at the fusion sites of a part of the moisture-permeable adhesive layer, The spunbond nonwoven fabric has a fiber diameter of 1.5 denier or more and 4 denier or less, The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is attached to the nonwoven fabric fibers exposed on the lower surface side without filling the voids in the nonwoven fabric layer, and has a basis weight of 30 to 75 g / m ２ 3. The waterproof and breathable building material according to claim 1 or 2.

4. A moisture-permeable waterproof sheet for constructing waterproof and breathable building materials, characterized in that a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer consisting of a moisture-permeable waterproof resin film and a nonwoven fabric, or a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric layer consisting of a spunbonded nonwoven fabric, is covered on the upper side with a moisture-permeable metal foil layer having porous holes and on the lower side with a moisture-permeable adhesive layer, and is intended to be placed between the waterproof breathable material described in claim 1 and a sheathing board.

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