Systems and methods for capacity type fluid level detection and handling container

Abstract

To provide suitable systems and methods for capacity type fluid level detection and for a handling container.SOLUTION: A fluid container holder includes a body having a receptacle constituted so as to receive a container. The body has a conductive exterior surface for connecting to an electrical ground or a voltage source, and the holder is not formed only of conductive metal. A fluid container handling assembly includes: a drawer having a holder for supporting a fluid container; and a frame for supporting the holder. The frame can move between a first position of providing access to the holder, and a second position of positioning the holder in a device. Further, the assembly includes a first lock which fixes the holder to the frame when the frame is located at the first frame position, and lock-releases the holder from the frame when the frame is located at the second frame position. The assembly also includes a holder transport machine which moves the holder between a first holder position, and a second holder position in the device.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] SUMMARY The present disclosure is directed to systems for fluid level detection using capacitive techniques and for handling vessels, and related methods of use. [Background technology]

[0002] Automated analytical procedures for analyzing samples (e.g., biological samples, chemical samples, etc.) typically require the use of consumable reagents in the form of fluid solutions and / or suspensions. In some cases, such consumables are stored in containers in an instrument configured to perform the analysis. During the analysis, these reagents may be accessed by a fluid transfer device (e.g., a robotic pipetter) of the instrument through a pierceable seal, cover, or septum of the container. Over time, the reagent is consumed and the level of the reagent in the container decreases. Numerous techniques may be used to detect the level of the reagent in the container. The present disclosure describes a capacitance-based technique for detecting the level of a reagent in a container.

[0003] Sometimes containers filled with fluid reagents are stored and / or loaded into an instrument in an area different from where the fluid reagents are actually used by the instrument. This disclosure describes various techniques for handling the containers as they are loaded into and moved within the instrument. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] In some embodiments, a holder for supporting one or more containers of fluid is disclosed. The holder may include a lower wall having an electrically conductive outer surface for connection to an electrical ground or voltage source, an upper surface defining one or more openings, and one or more receptacles. Each receptacle of the one or more receptacles may depend from an opening of the one or more openings toward the lower wall. Each receptacle is configured to receive at least one of the one or more containers. The holder may not be formed entirely of electrically conductive material.

[0005] Additionally or alternatively, embodiments of the system may include one or more of the following features: the conductive outer surface may be provided by a conductive material affixed to the non-conductive surface of the lower wall; the conductive material may be coated on the non-conductive surface of the lower wall; the conductive material may include one of aluminum and copper; the holder may further include a first sidewall and a second sidewall, and the one or more receptacles may be between the first sidewall and the second sidewall; at least one of the first sidewall and the second sidewall may include a conductive outer surface contiguous with the conductive outer surface of the lower wall; the conductive outer surface of at least one of the first sidewall and the second sidewall may be provided by a conductive material affixed to the non-conductive surface; the holder may further include an RFID tag affixed to the non-conductive surface of the holder; the one or more receptacles may include a plurality of receptacles; each receptacle of the one or more receptacles may extend from one of the one or more openings on the top surface to an inner surface of the lower wall opposite the outer surface;

[0006] In some embodiments, a holder for supporting one or more containers of fluid is disclosed. The holder may include a bottom wall, a first side wall and a second side wall, a top surface defining one or more openings, and one or more receptacles between the first side wall and the second side wall. Each receptacle of the one or more receptacles may (a) be in communication with an opening of the one or more openings, (b) extend from the opening toward a first surface of the bottom wall, and (c) be configured to receive at least one of the one or more containers. At least one of the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall may have a conductive layer affixed to an outer surface thereof. The conductive layer may be for connection to an electrical ground or a voltage source.

[0007] Additionally or alternatively, embodiments of the system may include one or more of the following features: a conductive layer may be affixed to at least one of the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall; a conductive layer may be coated on at least one of the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall; the conductive layer may include one of aluminum and copper; the first side wall and the second side wall may be non-conductive and may extend between the top surface and the bottom wall; the bottom wall and at least one of the first side wall and the second side wall may include a conductive layer; the conductive layer may extend from the bottom wall to a top surface of at least one of the first side wall and the second side wall; the one or more receptacles may include a plurality of receptacles; each receptacle of the one or more receptacles may extend from one of the one or more openings on the top surface to a first surface of the bottom wall, and a base of a container positioned within each receptacle contacts the first surface.

[0008] In some embodiments, a frame for supporting one or more containers of a fluid is disclosed. The frame may include one or more holders. Each holder of the one or more holders may include a top surface defining one or more openings, a bottom wall having an electrically conductive outer surface for connection to an electrical ground or voltage source, one or more receptacles, each receptacle of the one or more receptacles may depend from an opening of the one or more openings toward the bottom wall, and one or more containers containing a fluid. Each of the one or more containers may (a) be positioned within a receptacle of the one or more receptacles and (b) be configured to receive a probe tip of a fluid transfer device adapted for capacitive fluid level sensing.

[0009] Additionally or alternatively, embodiments of the system may include the following features: the conductive outer surface may be affixed to the non-conductive surface of the lower wall; the conductive outer surface may be coated on the non-conductive surface of the lower wall; the conductive outer surface may include one of aluminum and copper; each holder may further include a first sidewall and a second sidewall extending between the top surface and the lower wall, and the one or more receptacles may be between the first sidewall and the second sidewall; at least one of the first sidewall and the second sidewall may include a conductive outer surface contiguous with the conductive outer surface of the lower wall; the conductive outer surface of at least one of the first sidewall and the second sidewall may be affixed to the non-conductive surface; the conductive outer surface of at least one of the first sidewall and the second sidewall is coated on the non-conductive surface; the lower wall, the first sidewall, and the second sidewall may be part of a single component made of a non-conductive material; the frame may further include a cover configured to retain the container within the receptacle. the cover may include a non-conductive portion extending over at least a portion of a top surface of the container; at least one of the one or more containers may include a conductive seal through which a probe tip of the fluid transfer device passes as it enters the container; the one or more holders may be positioned on a surface of the frame or proximate to a surface of the frame such that a conductive outer surface of a first one of the one or more holders is electrically grounded by direct or indirect physical contact with the surface; the frame may further include a conductive spring positioned between the conductive outer surface of the first holder and a surface of the frame to establish physical contact; the one or more holders may include a plurality of holders and the one or more receptacles may include a plurality of receptacles; the frame may further include one or more indicators configured to indicate a status of the one or more containers; the one or more holders may be removably positioned on the frame.

[0010] In some embodiments, an instrument configured to analyze one or more samples is disclosed. The instrument may include one or more holders for supporting one or more containers of fluid. Each holder may include a top surface defining one or more openings, a first sidewall and a second sidewall, and a bottom wall having an electrically conductive outer surface configured to be connected to an electrical ground. The holder may also include one or more receptacles between the first sidewall and the second sidewall. Each receptacle of the one or more receptacles may depend from an opening of the one or more openings toward the bottom wall, and each receptacle may also be configured to receive at least one of the one or more containers and a probe tip of a fluid transfer device adapted for capacitive fluid level sensing. The one or more containers may be accessible by a probe tip of the fluid transfer device.

[0011] Additionally or alternatively, embodiments of the system may include the following features: the conductive outer surface may be affixed to a non-conductive surface of the lower wall; the conductive outer surface may be coated on the non-conductive surface of the lower wall; the conductive outer surface may comprise one of aluminum and copper; at least one of the first side wall and the second side wall may include a conductive outer surface contiguous with the conductive outer surface of the lower wall; the conductive surface of at least one of the first side wall and the second side wall may be affixed to the non-conductive surface; the conductive outer surface of at least one of the first wall and the second wall may be coated on the non-conductive surface; the device may include a conductive brush configured to contact at least one of the lower wall and at least one of the first side wall and at least one of the second side wall to electrically ground the conductive outer surface of the lower wall and at least one of the first side wall and at least one of the second side wall; the device may further include a transporter configured to move at least one of the one or more holders from a first location to a second location within the device. the second location includes a conductive brush; the one or more holders may be positioned on or in proximity to a surface of the instrument such that a conductive outer surface of a first of the one or more holders is electrically grounded by direct or indirect physical contact with the surface; the instrument may further include a spring positioned between the conductive outer surface of the first holder and the surface of the instrument to establish physical contact; each holder including at least one of the one or more containers may be positioned in at least one of the one or more receptacles; each holder may further include a cover configured to hold the one or more containers within the holder while providing access to the one or more containers by a probe tip of the fluid transfer device, the cover may include a non-conductive portion extending at least partially over at least the one or more containers; the one or more holders may include a plurality of holders removably positioned on the instrument, and the one or more receptacles may include a plurality of receptacles.

[0012] In some embodiments, a method of detecting a fluid level in a container containing a fluid is disclosed. The method may include positioning the container in a receptacle of the holder such that a bottom surface of the container is disposed on or in close proximity to a first surface of the holder, and a second surface of the holder opposite the first surface includes an electrically grounded conductive layer. The method may also include inserting a probe tip of a fluid transfer device having a probe tip configured for capacitive fluid level sensing into the container to detect the level of the fluid in the container.

[0013] Additionally or alternatively, embodiments of the system may include the following features: the conductive layer may be attached to a non-conductive surface of the holder; the conductive layer may be coated on the non-conductive surface of the holder; the holder may include a top surface spaced from the first surface such that the receptacles extend from the top surface toward the first surface, and the holder may further include a sidewall having a conductive side extending from the conductive layer of the second surface toward the top surface; the method may further include electrically grounding the conductive layer of the second surface by contacting the conductive side to an electrical ground via a conductive brush; contacting the conductive side to an electrical ground may include moving the holder from the first location to the second location. , engaging the conductive side with a conductive brush; the conductive layer on the second surface may be connected to electrical ground via a conductive metal spring; an upper surface of the container opposite the lower surface of the container may include a conductive seal, and inserting the probe tip of the fluid transfer device may include inserting the probe tip into the container through the conductive seal; the method may further include retracting the probe tip of the fluid transfer device from the container; retracting the probe tip of the fluid transfer device from the container may include restraining the container within a receptacle using a cover extending over at least a portion of the container, the cover including a non-conductive surface facing the conductive seal.

[0014] In some embodiments, a method of extracting fluid from a container is disclosed. The method may include positioning the container in a receptacle of a holder. The receptacle may extend from a top surface of the holder toward a bottom wall of the holder, the bottom wall including a conductive bottom surface connected to an electrical ground. The method may also include inserting a probe tip of a fluid transfer device having a probe tip configured for capacitive fluid level sensing into the container, detecting a level of the container within the container using the probe tip, and extracting fluid from the container using the probe tip of the fluid transfer device.

[0015] Additionally or alternatively, embodiments of the system may include one or more of the following features: the conductive lower surface may be affixed to the non-conductive surface of the holder; the conductive lower surface may be coated on the non-conductive surface of the holder; the holder may include a sidewall extending from the lower wall to the upper surface, the sidewall may include a conductive side surface contiguous with the conductive lower surface of the lower wall; the method may further include electrically grounding the conductive surface of the holder by contacting the lower surface or the side surface to an electrical ground or voltage source via a conductive brush; contacting the side surface to an electrical ground may include moving the holder from a first location to a second location to contact the side surface with the conductive brush; the lower surface may be connected to an electrical ground via a conductive spring; a top surface of the container opposite the lower wall may include a conductive seal, and inserting the fluid transfer device may include inserting a probe tip into the container through the conductive seal; the method may further include retracting the fluid transfer device from the container and restraining the container in a receptacle using a cover extending over at least a portion of the container.

[0016] In some embodiments, an assembly for handling fluid containers in an instrument includes a drawer having a holder, a frame, and a first lock. The holder is configured to support at least one fluid container. The frame is configured to support the holder and is movable between (a) a first frame position that provides access to the holder and (b) a second frame position that positions the holder in the instrument at the first holder position. The first lock secures the holder to the frame when the frame is in the first frame position and unlocks the holder from the frame when the frame is in the second frame position. The assembly also includes a holder transporter configured to move the holder between (a) the first holder position and (b) the second holder position in the instrument, at least a portion of a path along which the holder moves between the first holder position and the second holder position includes a vertical component.

[0017] In some embodiments, the holder includes a first knob and the frame includes a base panel defining a first opening. The first knob of the holder extends through the opening when the holder is supported by the frame. The first lock can include an arm that is movable relative to the opening between (a) a first arm position in which the arm engages with a portion of the first knob that extends through the opening, thereby securing the holder to the frame, and (b) a second arm position in which the arm is disengaged from that portion of the first knob that extends through the opening, thereby unlocking the holder from the frame. The holder can also include a second knob and the base panel of the frame can further define a second opening. The second knob of the holder extends through the second opening when the holder is supported by the frame. The first lock, in the first arm position, engages with a portion of the second knob that extends through the second opening, and in the second arm position, disengages from that portion of the second knob that extends through the second opening, thereby unlocking the holder from the frame.

[0018] In some embodiments, the drawer includes an arm with a first hook configured to engage a portion of the first knob extending through the first opening, and a second hook configured to engage a portion of the second knob extending through the second opening. The first and second knobs can each include a flange extending from a distal end of the first and second knobs, respectively. In the first arm position, the first and second hooks can be positioned between the respective flanges of the frame and the base panel, thereby preventing vertical movement of the holder relative to the frame. In some embodiments, the arm rotates about an axis defined by a pivot pin coupled to the frame. The arm can be biased to the first arm position or the second arm position. The drawer further includes a spring biasing the arm.

[0019] In some embodiments, the holder defines at least one slot and the frame includes at least one holder engaging member configured to be received in the at least one slot when the holder is supported by the frame. The at least one holder engaging member can be a protrusion extending from the panel.

[0020] In some embodiments, the drawer further comprises a fixed support, and the frame is movable relative to the fixed support. The drawer also includes a second lock configured to prevent movement of the frame relative to the fixed support when the frame is in the second frame position and the holder is unlocked from the frame. The second lock may include one of the hooks and catches coupled to the movable frame and the other of the hooks and catches coupled to the fixed support. When the frame is in the second frame position, the hook cooperatively engages with the catch.

[0021] In some embodiments, the holder transporter includes a holder support configured to cooperatively engage the holder at the first holder position when the frame is in the second frame position. The holder support can include a pin, and the holder can include a channel configured to receive the pin when the moveable frame is in the second frame position, thereby creating an interference fit between the pin and the holder. The holder can also include a spring arm at least partially defining the channel. The holder can also include a flange, and the holder support can include a surface that supports the flange when the frame is in the second frame position. The holder support can also include an upper portion spaced from the surface and can inhibit upward movement of the at least one fluid container supported by the holder when the frame is in the second frame position. The upper portion can define an opening that exposes at least a portion of the at least one fluid container supported by the holder when the moveable frame is in the second frame position.

[0022] In some embodiments, the holder transporter includes an actuator and a movable transporter arm coupling the actuator to the holder support. The actuator rotates the movable transporter arm such that the holder support moves the holder along an arcuate path between the first holder position and the second holder position. The actuator can be an electric motor. The transporter can also include a second movable transporter arm coupled to the holder support.

[0023] In some embodiments, the instrument is an analytical instrument. The analytical instrument can include a first module configured to perform a first analysis of a sample and a second module configured to perform a second analysis different from the first analysis. The first holder location is in the first module and the second holder location is in the second module. The first analysis can include performing a first nucleic acid amplification reaction that requires thermal cycling and the second analysis can include performing a second nucleic acid amplification reaction that requires isothermal conditions. The first nucleic acid amplification reaction can include a PCR reaction and the second nucleic acid amplification reaction can include a TMA reaction, a NASBA reaction, and / or an SDA reaction.

[0024] In some embodiments, the transporter moves the holder within the device. The holder is configured to support the container. The transporter can include a holder support configured to releasably couple with the holder and an actuator coupled with the holder support and configured to move the holder support. The holder support is movable between (a) a first position, in which the holder support is configured to receive the holder, and (b) a second position. At least a portion of a path along which the holder support moves between the first position and the second position includes a vertical component.

[0025] In some embodiments, the holder support includes a pin configured to be received within a channel defined by the holder, thereby creating an interference fit between the pin and the holder. In some embodiments, the holder support includes a surface configured to support a portion of the holder and a top portion spaced from the surface configured to inhibit upward movement of a fluid container supported by the holder when the holder is coupled to the holder support. The top portion may define an opening exposing at least a portion of a fluid container supported by the holder.

[0026] In some embodiments, the actuator comprises an electric motor.

[0027] In some embodiments, the transporter also includes a moveable arm coupling the actuator to the holder support. The actuator can rotate the moveable arm such that the holder support moves along the arcuate path.

[0028] The transporter can be part of an analytical instrument. The analytical instrument can include a first module configured to perform a first analysis of the sample and a second module configured to perform a second analysis different from the first analysis. In some embodiments, the first location is within the first module and the second location is within the second module.

[0029] 109. The vehicle of claim 108, wherein the first analysis comprises performing a first nucleic acid amplification reaction requiring thermal cycling and the second analysis comprises performing a second nucleic acid amplification reaction requiring isothermal conditions. The first nucleic acid amplification reaction can comprise performing a PCR reaction and the second nucleic acid amplification reaction can comprise performing a TMA reaction, a NASBA reaction, and / or an SDA reaction.

[0030] In some embodiments, a method for handling a fluid container used by an instrument includes the steps of: (a) moving a frame supporting a holder from (i) a first frame position providing access to the holder to (ii) a second frame position that positions the holder within the instrument, the holder supporting at least one fluid container; (b) unlocking the holder from the frame; and (c) after step (b), moving the holder from the frame to another position along a path that includes a vertical component.

[0031] In some embodiments, step (b) includes moving the locking arm from (i) a first locked position, in which the locking arm engages a portion of the first knob of the holder, to (ii) a second locked position, in which the arm is disengaged from the portion of the first knob of the holder. The locking arm can engage with a portion of the second knob of the holder in the first locked position, and the locking arm can disengage from the portion of the second knob of the holder in the second locked position.

[0032] In some embodiments, step (b) can occur after or simultaneously with step (a).

[0033] In some embodiments, the method also includes the step of (d) engaging the holder with a holder support of the holder transporter when the frame is in the second frame position. Step (d) can occur after step (a) or simultaneously with step (a).

[0034] In some embodiments, step (c) includes using an actuator to rotate an arm coupled to the holder support, thereby moving the holder support along an arcuate path.

[0035] In some embodiments, the frame is positioned in a first module of an analytical instrument configured to perform a first analysis of a sample, and another location along the path to which the holder is moved is in a second module of the analytical instrument configured to perform a second analysis of a sample different from the first analysis. The first analysis can include performing a first nucleic acid amplification reaction that requires thermal cycling, and the second analysis can include performing a second nucleic acid amplification reaction that requires isothermal conditions for the duration of the second nucleic acid amplification reaction. The first nucleic acid amplification reaction can include a PCR reaction, and the second nucleic acid amplification reaction can include a TMA reaction, a NASBA reaction, or an SDA reaction.

[0036] In some embodiments, after step (c), the method further includes the steps of: (e) inserting a probe tip of the first fluid transfer device into the fluid container at another location in the second module of the analytical instrument; (f) aspirating at least a portion of the fluid in the fluid container using the first fluid transfer device; and (g) withdrawing the probe tip of the first fluid transfer device from the fluid container.

[0037] In some embodiments, the method further includes (h) inserting a probe tip of a second fluid transfer device into a fluid container supported by the frame when the frame is in the second frame position, (i) aspirating at least a portion of the fluid in the fluid container using the second fluid transfer device, and (j) withdrawing the probe tip of the second fluid transfer device from the fluid container. In some embodiments, steps (h), (i) and (j) occur before step (c).

[0038] In some embodiments, the method includes (k) moving the holder from another location in the second module of the analytical instrument to a frame in the first module. The method may also include (l) moving a frame supporting the holder from (i) the second frame location to (ii) the first frame location, and (m) locking the holder to the frame. In some embodiments, step (m) occurs prior to or simultaneously with step (l).

[0039] In some embodiments, the method further includes manually removing the fluid container from the holder while the frame is in the first frame position and the holder is locked to the frame.

[0040] Further features and advantages of the embodiments, as well as the structure and operation of the various embodiments, are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. Such embodiments are presented herein for illustrative purposes only. Additional embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s) based on the teachings contained herein. The present specification also provides, for example, the following items: (Item 1) 1. A holder for supporting one or more containers of fluid, comprising: a bottom wall having an electrically conductive outer surface for connection to an electrical ground or voltage source; a top surface defining one or more openings; one or more receptacles, each receptacle of the one or more receptacles depending from an opening of the one or more openings toward the bottom wall and each receptacle configured to receive at least one of the one or more receptacles; A holder, wherein the holder is not formed solely of conductive metal. (Item 2) 2. The holder according to item 1, wherein the holder is not formed solely of conductive material. (Item 3) 3. The holder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conductive outer surface comprises a conductive plastic. (Item 4) 3. The holder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the holder is formed of a non-conductive plastic. (Item 5) 5. The holder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the conductive outer surface is provided by a conductive material applied to a non-conductive surface of the lower wall. (Item 6) 6. The holder of claim 5, wherein the conductive metal is coated on the non-conductive surface of the lower wall. (Item 7) 7. The holder according to item 5 or 6, wherein the conductive material comprises one of aluminum and copper. (Item 8) 8. The holder according to any one of items 1 to 7, further comprising a first side wall and a second side wall, the one or more receptacles being between the first side wall and the second side wall. (Item 9) Item 9. The holder of item 8, wherein at least one of the first and second side walls includes a conductive outer surface contiguous with the conductive outer surface of the bottom wall. (Item 10) 10. The holder according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the conductive outer surface of at least one of the first and second side walls is provided by a conductive metal attached to a non-conductive surface. (Item 11) 11. The holder of any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising an RFID tag affixed to a non-conductive surface of the holder. (Item 12) 12. The holder according to any one of items 1 to 11, wherein the one or more receptacles include a plurality of receptacles. (Item 13) 13. The holder of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein each receptacle of the one or more receptacles extends from one of the one or more openings on the top surface to an inner surface of the lower wall opposite the outer surface. (Item 14) 1. A holder for supporting one or more containers of fluid, comprising: The lower wall, a first side wall and a second side wall; a top surface defining one or more openings; one or more receptacles between the first and second side walls, each receptacle of the one or more receptacles (a) in communication with an opening of the one or more openings, (b) extending from the opening toward the first surface of the bottom wall, and (c) configured to receive at least one of the one or more containers; A holder, wherein at least one of the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall has a conductive layer affixed to an outer surface thereof, the conductive layer being for connection to an electrical ground or voltage source. (Item 15) Item 15. The holder of item 14, wherein the conductive layer is affixed to at least one of the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall. (Item 16) Item 15. The holder of item 14, wherein the conductive layer is coated on at least one of the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall. (Item 17) 17. The holder according to any one of items 14 to 16, wherein the conductive layer comprises one of aluminum and copper. (Item 18) 18. The holder according to any one of items 14 to 17, wherein the first side wall and the second side wall are non-conductive and extend between the upper surface and the lower wall. (Item 19) Item 19. The holder of item 18, wherein the bottom wall and at least one of the first side wall and the second side wall include the conductive layer. (Item 20) 20. The holder of claim 19, wherein the conductive layer extends from the bottom wall to the top surface of at least one of the first and second side walls. (Item 21) 21. The holder according to any one of items 14 to 20, wherein the one or more receptacles include a plurality of receptacles. (Item 22) 22. The holder of any one of claims 14 to 21, wherein each of the one or more receptacles extends from one of the one or more openings on the upper surface to the first surface of the lower wall, and a base of a container positioned within each receptacle contacts the first surface. (Item 23) 1. A holder for supporting one or more containers of fluid having a body shaped to form receptacles with one or more open ends, each of the receptacles configured to receive at least one of the one or more containers, the body having a conductive outer surface for connection to an electrical ground or voltage source, and the holder is not formed solely of a conductive metal. (Item 24) 1. A frame for supporting one or more containers of fluid, comprising: one or more holders, each holder of the one or more holders comprising: a top surface defining one or more openings; a bottom wall having an electrically conductive outer surface for connection to an electrical ground or voltage source; one or more receptacles, each receptacle of the one or more receptacles depending from an opening of the one or more openings toward the bottom wall; A frame comprising a holder having one or more containers for containing a fluid, each of the one or more containers (a) positioned within a receptacle of the one or more receptacles and (b) configured to receive a fluid transfer device adapted for capacitive fluid level sensing. (Item 25) 25. The frame of claim 24, wherein the conductive outer surface is affixed to the non-conductive surface of the lower wall. (Item 26) 26. The frame of claim 25, wherein the conductive outer surface is coated onto the non-conductive surface of the lower wall. (Item 27) 27. The frame of any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the conductive outer surface comprises one of aluminum and copper. (Item 28) 28. The frame of any one of items 28 to 27, wherein each holder further includes a first side wall and a second side wall extending between the upper surface and the lower wall, and the one or more receptacles are between the first side wall and the second side wall. (Item 29) Item 29. The frame of item 28, wherein at least one of the first and second side walls includes a conductive outer surface contiguous with the conductive outer surface of the bottom wall. (Item 30) 30. The frame of claim 29, wherein the conductive outer surface of at least one of the first and second side walls is affixed to a non-conductive surface. (Item 31) Item 31. The frame of item 30, wherein the conductive outer surface of at least one of the first and second side walls is coated onto the non-conductive surface. (Item 32) 32. The frame of any one of items 28 to 31, wherein the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall are part of a single component made of a non-conductive material. (Item 33) 33. The frame of any one of items 24 to 32, further comprising a cover configured to retain the container within the receptacle. (Item 34) Item 34. The frame of item 33, wherein the cover includes a non-conductive portion extending over at least a portion of the top surface of the container. (Item 35) Item 35. The frame of any one of items 24 to 34, wherein at least one of the one or more containers includes a conductive seal through which the fluid transfer device passes as the fluid transfer device enters the container. (Item 36) 36. The frame of any one of items 24 to 35, wherein the conductive outer surface of a first holder of the one or more holders is positioned on or adjacent to a surface of the frame such that the conductive outer surface of the first holder is electrically grounded by direct or indirect physical contact with the surface. (Item 37) Item 37. The frame of item 36, further comprising a conductive spring positioned between the conductive outer surface of the first holder and the surface of the frame to establish the physical contact. (Item 38) Item 38. The frame according to any one of items 24 to 37, wherein the one or more holders include a plurality of holders and the one or more receptacles include a plurality of receptacles. (Item 39) 39. The frame of any one of items 24 to 38, wherein the frame further comprises one or more indicators configured to indicate a status of the one or more containers. (Item 40) 40. The frame of any one of items 24 to 39, wherein the one or more holders are removably positioned on the frame. (Item 41) 1. An apparatus configured to analyze one or more samples, comprising: One or more holders for supporting one or more containers of fluid, each holder comprising: a top surface defining one or more openings; a first side wall and a second side wall; a bottom wall having an electrically conductive outer surface configured to be connected to an electrical ground; a holder comprising: one or more receptacles between the first and second side walls, each receptacle of the one or more receptacles depending from an opening of the one or more openings toward the bottom wall, each receptacle configured to receive at least one of the one or more containers; and a fluid transfer device adapted for capacitive fluid level sensing, the one or more containers being accessible by the fluid transfer device. (Item 42) Item 42. The device of item 41, wherein the conductive outer surface is affixed to the non-conductive surface of the lower wall. (Item 43) Item 43. The device of item 42, wherein the conductive outer surface is coated onto the non-conductive surface of the lower wall. (Item 44) 44. The device of any one of claims 41 to 43, wherein the conductive outer surface comprises one of aluminum and copper. (Item 45) 45. The device of any one of claims 41 to 44, wherein at least one of the first side wall and the second side wall comprises a conductive outer surface that is continuous with the conductive outer surface of the lower wall. (Item 46) Item 46. The device of item 45, wherein the conductive surface of the at least one of the first and second side walls is affixed to a non-conductive surface. (Item 47) Item 47. The device of item 46, wherein the conductive outer surface of the at least one of the first and second walls is coated onto the non-conductive surface. (Item 48) 48. The device of any one of items 45 to 47, further comprising a conductive brush configured to contact at least one of the bottom wall and at least one of the first and second side walls to electrically ground the conductive outer surface of the bottom wall and at least one of the first and second side walls. (Item 49) Item 49. The apparatus of item 48, further comprising a transporter configured to move at least one of the one or more holders from a first location to a second location within the apparatus, the second location containing the conductive brush. (Item 50) Item 42. The device of item 41, wherein the one or more holders are positioned on or in proximity to a surface of the device such that the conductive outer surface of a first of the one or more holders is electrically grounded by direct or indirect physical contact with the surface. (Item 51) Item 51. The device of item 50, further comprising a spring positioned between the conductive outer surface of the first holder and the surface of the device to establish the physical contact. (Item 52) 52. The device of any one of claims 41 to 51, wherein each holder includes at least one of the one or more containers positioned in at least one of the one or more receptacles. (Item 53) 53. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein each holder further comprises a cover configured to retain the one or more containers within the holder while providing access to the one or more containers by the fluid transfer device, the cover including a non-conductive portion extending at least partially over the one or more containers. (Item 54) 54. The device of any one of claims 41 to 53, wherein the one or more holders include a plurality of holders removably positioned on the device, and the one or more receptacles include a plurality of receptacles. (Item 55) 1. A method for detecting a fluid level in a vessel containing a fluid, comprising: positioning the container in a receptacle of a holder such that a bottom surface of the container is disposed on or positioned proximate to a first surface of the holder, the second surface of the holder opposite the first surface including an electrically grounded conductive layer; and inserting into the vessel a fluid transfer device having a probe tip configured for capacitive fluid level sensing to detect a level of the fluid in the vessel. (Item 56) Item 56. The method of item 55, wherein the conductive layer is attached to a non-conductive surface of the holder. (Item 57) 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the conductive layer is coated on a non-conductive surface of the holder. (Item 58) 58. The method of any one of items 55 to 57, wherein the holder includes a top surface spaced from the first surface such that the receptacle extends from the top surface toward the first surface, and the holder further includes a sidewall having a conductive side extending from the conductive layer of the second surface toward the top surface. (Item 59) Item 59. The method of item 58, further comprising electrically grounding the conductive layer of the second surface by contacting the conductive side to an electrical ground via a conductive brush. (Item 60) 60. The method of claim 59, wherein contacting the conductive side with an electrical ground comprises moving the holder from a first location to a second location to engage the conductive side with the conductive brush. (Item 61) 58. The method according to any one of items 55 to 57, wherein the conductive layer of the second surface is connected to electrical ground via a conductive metal spring. (Item 62) Item 62. The method of any one of items 55-61, wherein an upper surface of the vessel opposite the lower surface of the vessel includes a conductive seal, and inserting the fluid transfer device includes inserting the probe tip into the vessel through the conductive seal. (Item 63) 63. The method of any one of items 55 to 62, further comprising retracting the fluid transfer device from the container. (Item 64) Item 64. The method of item 63, wherein retracting the fluid transfer device from the container includes restraining the container in the receptacle using a cover extending over at least a portion of the container, the cover including a non-conductive surface facing the conductive seal. (Item 65) 1. A method of extracting a fluid from a vessel, comprising: positioning the container within a receptacle of a holder, the container extending from an upper surface of the holder toward a lower wall of the holder, the lower wall including a conductive lower surface connected to an electrical ground; inserting into the vessel a fluid transfer device having a probe tip configured for capacitive fluid level sensing; detecting a level of the fluid in the vessel using the probe tip; and extracting fluid from the vessel using the fluid transfer device. (Item 66) Item 66. The method of item 65, wherein the conductive underside is attached to a non-conductive surface of the holder. (Item 67) Item 66. The method of item 65, wherein the conductive underside is coated onto the non-conductive surface of the holder. (Item 68) Item 68. The method according to any one of items 65 to 67, wherein the holder includes a sidewall extending from the lower wall to the upper surface, the sidewall including a conductive side surface continuous with the conductive lower surface of the lower wall. (Item 69) 70. The method of claim 68, further comprising electrically grounding the conductive surface of the holder by contacting the underside or the side to an electrical ground or voltage source via a conductive brush. (Item 70) 70. The method of claim 69, wherein contacting the side with an electrical ground comprises moving the holder from a first location to a second location to contact the side with the conductive brush. (Item 71) Item 68. The method according to any one of items 65 to 67, wherein the lower surface is connected to electrical ground via a conductive spring. (Item 72) 72. The method of any one of claims 65 to 71, wherein a top surface of the vessel opposite the bottom wall comprises a conductive seal, and inserting the fluid transfer device comprises inserting the probe tip into the vessel through the conductive seal. (Item 73) Item 66. The method of item 65, further comprising retracting the fluid transfer device from the container and restraining the container in the receptacle using a cover that extends over at least a portion of the container. (Item 74) 1. An assembly for handling a fluid container in an apparatus, comprising: A drawer, a holder configured to support at least one fluid container; a frame configured to support a holder and movable between (a) a first frame position providing access to the holder and (b) a second frame position that positions the holder within the instrument at the first holder position; a first lock that secures the holder to the frame when the frame is in the first frame position and unlocks the holder from the frame when the frame is in the second frame position; and a holder transport configured to move the holder between (a) the first holder position and (b) a second holder position within the device, wherein at least a portion of a path along which the holder moves between the first holder position and the second holder position includes a vertical component. (Item 75) the holder includes a first knob; the frame includes a base panel defining a first opening, the first knob of the holder extending through the opening when the holder is supported by the frame; and Item 75. The assembly of item 74, wherein the first lock comprises an arm that is movable relative to the opening between (a) a first arm position in which the arm engages a portion of the first knob extending through the opening, thereby securing the holder to the frame, and (b) a second arm position in which the arm disengages from the portion of the first knob extending through the opening, thereby unlocking the holder from the frame. (Item 76) the holder further comprising a second knob; the base panel of the frame further defines a second opening, the second knob of the holder extending through the second opening when the holder is supported by the frame; Item 76. The assembly of item 75, wherein in the first arm position, the first lock engages with a portion of the second knob that extends through the second opening, and in the second arm position, disengages from that portion of the second knob that extends through the second opening, thereby unlocking the holder from the frame. (Item 77) Item 77. The assembly of item 76, wherein the arm comprises a first hook configured to engage with the portion of the first knob extending through the first opening and a second hook configured to engage with the portion of the second knob extending through the second opening. (Item 78) the first knob and the second knob each include a flange extending from a distal end of the first knob and the second knob, respectively; and Item 78. The assembly of item 77, wherein in the first arm position, the first hook and the second hook are positioned between the respective flanges of the frame and the base panel, thereby preventing vertical movement of the holder relative to the frame. (Item 79) 80. The assembly of any one of claims 75 to 78, wherein the arm rotates about an axis defined by a pivot pin connected to the frame. (Item 80) 80. The assembly of any one of claims 75 to 79, wherein the arm is biased towards the first arm position. (Item 81) 80. The assembly of any one of claims 75 to 79, wherein the arm is biased towards the second arm position. (Item 82) 82. The assembly of claim 80 or 81, wherein the drawer further comprises a spring biasing the arm. (Item 83) the holder defines at least one slot; 83. The assembly of any one of claims 74 to 82, wherein the frame includes at least one holder engagement member configured to be received in the at least one slot when the holder is supported by the frame. (Item 84) Item 84. The assembly of item 83, wherein the at least one holder engagement member comprises a protrusion extending from a panel. (Item 85) The drawer is a fixed support, the frame being movable relative to the fixed support; and 85. The assembly of any one of claims 74 to 84, further comprising: a second lock configured to prevent movement of the frame relative to the fixed support when the frame is in the second frame position and the holder is unlocked from the frame. (Item 86) The second lock is one of the hooks and catches connected to the movable frame; the other of the hooks and catches connected to the fixed support; Item 86. The assembly of item 85, wherein the hook cooperatively engages the catch when the frame is in the second frame position. (Item 87) 87. The assembly of any one of claims 74 to 86, wherein the holder transporter comprises a holder support configured to cooperatively engage the holder at the first holder position when the frame is at the second frame position. (Item 88) the holder support comprises a pin; and Item 88. The assembly of item 87, wherein the holder comprises a channel configured to receive the pin when the movable frame is in the second frame position, thereby creating an interference fit between the pin and holder. (Item 89) Item 91. The assembly of item 88, wherein the holder further comprises a spring arm at least partially defining the channel. (Item 90) the holder further comprises a flange; and The holder support is a surface that supports the flange when the frame is in the second frame position; and and an upper portion spaced from the surface and preventing upward movement of the at least one fluid container supported by the holder when the frame is in the second frame position. (Item 91) Item 91. The assembly of item 90, wherein the upper portion defines an opening exposing at least a portion of the at least one fluid container supported by the holder when the movable frame is in the second frame position. (Item 92) The holder transport machine is An actuator; 92. The assembly of any one of claims 87-91, further comprising a movable transport arm connecting the actuator to the holder support. (Item 93) Item 93. The assembly of item 92, wherein the actuator rotates the movable transport arm such that the holder support moves the holder along an arcuate path between the first holder position and the second holder position. (Item 94) Item 94. The assembly of item 92 or 93, wherein the actuator comprises a motor. (Item 95) 95. The assembly of any one of claims 92-94, wherein the transport further comprises a second movable transport arm connecting the actuator to the holder support. (Item 96) 96. The assembly of any one of items 74 to 95, wherein the instrument is an analytical instrument. (Item 97) the analytical instrument comprising a first module configured to perform a first analysis of a sample and a second module configured to perform a second analysis different from the first analysis; the first holder location is within the first module; and Item 97. The assembly of item 96, wherein the second holder location is within the second module. (Item 98) 94. The assembly of claim 93, wherein the first analysis comprises performing a first nucleic acid amplification reaction requiring thermal cycling, and the second analysis comprises performing a second nucleic acid amplification reaction requiring isothermal conditions. (Item 99) 99. The assembly of item 98, wherein the first nucleic acid amplification reaction comprises a PCR reaction and the second nucleic acid amplification reaction comprises a TMA reaction, a NASBA reaction, or an SDA reaction. (Item 100) A transport for moving a holder within an apparatus, the holder being configured to support a container, the transport comprising: a holder support configured to releasably couple to the holder; and an actuator coupled to the holder support and configured to move the holder support between (a) a first position, in which the holder support is configured to receive the holder, and (b) a second position, wherein at least a portion of a path along which the holder support moves between the first position and the second position includes a vertical component. (Item 101) Item 101. The transport of item 100, wherein the holder support comprises a pin configured to be received within a channel defined by the holder, thereby creating an interference fit between the pin and the holder. (Item 102) The holder support is a surface configured to support a portion of the holder; and an upper portion spaced from the surface configured to inhibit upward movement of a fluid container supported by the holder when the holder is coupled to the holder support. (Item 103) Item 103. The transport of item 102, wherein the top portion defines an opening exposing at least a portion of the fluid container supported by the holder. (Item 104) Item 104. The transport aircraft of any one of items 100 to 103, wherein the actuator comprises an electric motor. (Item 105) Item 105. The transport apparatus of any one of items 100 to 104, further comprising a movable arm connecting the actuator to the holder support. (Item 106) Item 106. The transport of item 105, wherein an actuator rotates the movable arm such that the holder support moves along an arcuate path. (Item 107) 107. The transport device according to any one of items 100 to 106, wherein the transport device is part of an analytical instrument. (Item 108) the analytical instrument comprising a first module configured to perform a first analysis of a sample and a second module configured to perform a second analysis different from the first analysis; the first location is within the first module; and Item 108. The transport aircraft of item 107, wherein the second location is within the second module. (Item 109) 109. The transport vehicle of claim 108, wherein the first analysis comprises performing a first nucleic acid amplification reaction requiring thermal cycling, and the second analysis comprises performing a second nucleic acid amplification reaction requiring isothermal conditions. (Item 110) 110. The transport vehicle of claim 109, wherein the first nucleic acid amplification reaction comprises performing a PCR reaction, and the second nucleic acid amplification reaction comprises performing a TMA reaction, a NASBA reaction, or an SDA reaction. (Item 111) 1. A method of handling a fluid container for use by an instrument, comprising: (a) moving a frame supporting a holder from (i) a first frame position providing access to the holder to (ii) a second frame position that positions the holder within an instrument, the holder supporting at least one fluid container; (b) unlocking the holder from the frame; (c) after step (b), moving the holder from the frame to another position along a path that includes a vertical component. (Item 112) Item 112. The method of item 111, wherein step (b) includes moving a locking arm from (i) a first locked position in which the locking arm engages a portion of a first knob of the holder to (ii) a second locked position in which the arm is disengaged from the portion of the first knob of the holder. (Item 113) Item 113. The method of item 112, wherein the locking arm engages a portion of a second knob of the holder in the first locked position and the locking arm disengages from the portion of the second knob of the holder in the second locked position. (Item 114) 114. The method according to any one of items 111 to 113, wherein step (b) occurs after step (a) or simultaneously with step (a). (Item 115) Item 115. The method according to item 114, wherein step (b) occurs simultaneously with step (a). (Item 116) (d) cooperatively engaging the holder with the holder support of the holder transporter when the frame is in the second frame position. (Item 117) Item 117. The method according to item 116, wherein step (d) occurs after or simultaneously with step (a). (Item 118) Item 118. The method according to item 117, wherein step (d) occurs simultaneously with step (a). (Item 119) 119. The method of any one of items 111 to 118, wherein step (c) comprises using an actuator to rotate an arm coupled to the holder support, thereby moving the holder support along an arcuate path. (Item 120) 119. The method of any one of claims 111 to 119, wherein the frame is positioned within a first module of an analytical instrument configured to perform a first analysis of a sample, and another position to which the holder is moved along the path is within a second module of the analytical instrument configured to perform a second analysis of a sample different from the first analysis. (Item 121) 121. The method of claim 120, wherein the first analysis comprises performing a first nucleic acid amplification reaction requiring thermal cycling and the second analysis comprises performing a second nucleic acid amplification reaction requiring isothermal conditions for the duration of the second nucleic acid amplification reaction. (Item 122) 122. The method of claim 121, wherein the first nucleic acid amplification reaction comprises a PCR reaction and the second nucleic acid amplification reaction comprises a TMA reaction, a NASBA reaction, or an SDA reaction. (Item 123) After step (c), (e) inserting a probe tip of a first fluid transfer device into the fluid container at the other location within the second module of the analytical instrument; (f) aspirating at least a portion of the fluid in the fluid container using the first fluid transfer device; (g) extracting the probe tip of the first fluid transfer device from the fluid container. (Item 124) (h) inserting a probe tip of a second fluid transfer device into the fluid container supported by the frame while the frame is in the second frame position; (i) aspirating at least a portion of the fluid in the fluid container using the second fluid transfer device; (j) extracting the probe tip of the second fluid transfer device from the fluid container. (Item 125) Item 125. The method according to item 124, wherein steps (h), (i) and (j) occur before step (c). (Item 126) (k) moving the holder from the other position in the second module of the analytical instrument to the frame in the first module. (Item 127) (l) moving the frame supporting the holder from (i) the second frame position to (ii) the first frame position; 127. The method of any one of items 111 to 126, further comprising the step of: (m) locking the holder to the frame. (Item 128) Item 128. The method according to item 127, wherein step (m) occurs prior to or simultaneously with step (l). (Item 129) Item 129. The method according to item 128, wherein step (m) occurs simultaneously with step (l). (Item 130) 130. The method of any one of items 127 to 129, further comprising the step of manually removing the fluid container from the holder while the frame is in the first frame position and the holder is locked to the frame.

[0041] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate various embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments of the present disclosure. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0042] [Figure 1A]FIG. 1A is a perspective view of an exemplary diagnostic system including a first module and a second module, according to one embodiment. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B is an expanded view of a portion of the diagnostic system of FIG. 1A with the fluid drawer in an open position, according to one embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is an exemplary fluid draw of the system of FIG. 1A in a closed position, according to one embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary vessel holder within a fluid drawer of the system of FIG. 1A, according to one embodiment. [Figure 4A] 4A-4D illustrate various views of an exemplary vessel holder, according to one embodiment. [Figure 4B] 4A-4B illustrate various views of an exemplary vessel holder, according to one embodiment. [Figure 4C] 4A-4C illustrate various views of an exemplary vessel holder, according to one embodiment. [Figure 4D] 4A-4D illustrate various views of an exemplary vessel holder, according to one embodiment. [Figure 4E] 4A-4E illustrate various views of an exemplary vessel holder, according to one embodiment. [Figure 5A] FIG. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary reagent-filled container for use in the system of FIG. 1A, according to one embodiment. [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary reagent-filled container for use in the system of FIG. 1A, according to one embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a side perspective view of a holder support of a holder transporter, according to one embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a front perspective view of a holder support coupled with a vessel holder according to an embodiment. [Figure 8] 8 is a cross-sectional front view of the holder support coupled with the vessel holder taken along line 8-8 of FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a rear perspective view of a fluid drawer and holder transporter, according to one embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a top perspective view of the rear end of the frame of the fluid drawer with the locking arms in an unlocked position, according to one embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a top perspective view of the rear end of the frame of the fluid drawer in FIG. 10 with the locking arms in a locked position according to one embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a bottom perspective view of the rear end of the frame of the fluid drawer with the locking arms in an unlocked position, according to one embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a rear perspective view of the rear end of the fluid drawer with the locking arms in a locked position according to one embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a front perspective view of the rear end of a frame of a fluid drawer, according to one embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an exemplary conductive brush, according to one embodiment. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vessel, a holder, a transporter holder support, and a robotic pipettor implementing capacitive fluid level sensing within the vessel, according to one embodiment. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary capacitance signal observed during capacitive fluid level sensing, according to one embodiment. [Figure 18A] FIG. 18A is a perspective side view of an exemplary fluid drawer and reagent vessel holder, according to one embodiment. [Figure 18B] FIG. 18B is an exemplary lid of a reagent container holder, according to one embodiment. [Figure 19A] FIG. 19A is an illustration of an underside of an exemplary reagent container holder, according to one embodiment. [Figure 19B] FIG. 19B is an illustration of an underside of an exemplary reagent container holder, according to one embodiment. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary reagent container holder coupled to a frame, according to one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0043] Features and advantages of the embodiments will become more apparent from the following detailed description, when read in conjunction with the drawings, in which like reference characters identify corresponding elements throughout.

[0044] Reference will now be made in detail to examples of the present disclosure, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described, by way of example only, with reference to their application in an instrument for performing analyses related to molecular genetics. As one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to any application.

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms, designations, and other scientific terms / terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs. All patents, applications, published applications, and other publications (references) referenced herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. If the definitions set forth in this section are contrary to or otherwise inconsistent with the definitions set forth in the references incorporated herein by reference, the definitions set forth in this section shall prevail over the definitions incorporated by reference.

[0046] References herein to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "further embodiment," "exemplary embodiment," "some aspects," "further aspects," "aspects," "for example," "exemplary," "some embodiments," and the like indicate that the described embodiment may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment may necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with one embodiment, such feature, structure, or characteristic is also described in connection with other embodiments, whether or not explicitly stated. Furthermore, as used herein, "a" or "an" means "at least one" or "one or more."

[0047] In the following discussion, relative terms such as "about," "substantially," "approximately," and the like are used to denote possible ±10% variations in stated numerical values. Additionally, the following description may use relative spatial and / or orientation terms in describing the location and / or orientation of components, devices, locations, features, or portions thereof. Unless specifically stated or otherwise dictated by the context of the description, such terms, including but not limited to top, bottom, above, below, below, on, above, below, left of, right of, inside, outside, internal, external, proximal, distal, before, after, next to, adjacent to, between, horizontally, vertically, diagonally, longitudinally, transversely, and the like, are used for convenience in referring to such components, devices, locations, features, or portions thereof within the drawings, but are not intended to be limiting.

[0048] As used herein, a "sample" refers to any material to be analyzed, regardless of source. The material may be in its native form or at any stage of processing (e.g., the material may be chemically altered or the material may be one or more components of the sample that have been separated and / or purified from one or more other components of the sample). Samples may be obtained from any source, including, but not limited to, animal sources, environmental sources, food sources, industrial sources, or water sources. Animal samples include, but are not limited to, peripheral blood, plasma, serum, bone marrow, urine, bile, mucus, sputum, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, stool, biopsy tissues including lymph nodes, respiratory tissues or exudates, gastrointestinal tissues, cervical swab samples, semen or other bodily or cellular fluids, tissues, or secretions. Samples may be diluted or contained in a receptacle that contains a diluent, transport medium, preservative solution, or other liquid. Thus, the term "sample" is intended to encompass a sample contained within a diluent, transport medium, and / or preservative or other fluid intended to hold the sample.

[0049] As used herein, a "diagnostic device" refers to any device capable of performing an assay on a sample and producing a result. For example, a diagnostic device includes any device capable of performing an assay on a sample to determine the presence or amount of an analyte in the sample. Any device capable of performing a molecular assay, including hybridization assays, nucleic acid-based amplification reactions, sequencing assays, immunoassays, or chemical assays on a sample is included in this definition of a diagnostic device. Exemplary diagnostic devices capable of performing an assay on a sample to determine the presence of an analyte in the sample include the Tigris®, Panther®, and Panther Fusion® systems sold by Hologic, Inc. (Marlborough, MA), as well as any of the diagnostic devices disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016 / 0060680, published March 3, 2016.

[0050] FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary analytical or diagnostic instrument or system 10 used to explain embodiments of the present disclosure. The diagnostic system 10 illustrated in FIG. 1A is a Panther Fusion system (manufactured by Hologic, Inc.) configured to perform molecular testing of multiple samples. However, the system 10 is merely exemplary, and the embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in any application and with any instrument (or without any instrument). The diagnostic system 10 may be configured to perform any type of analysis of a sample. In some embodiments, the diagnostic system may be configured to perform multiple different analyses (e.g., molecular assays) on multiple samples. In some embodiments, the diagnostic system 10 may be configured to perform different target nucleic acid amplification reactions on different samples. For example, multiple samples may be loaded onto or into the diagnostic system 10, and the system 10 may perform a first analysis (e.g., a first target nucleic acid amplification reaction) on a first subset of the multiple samples and a different analysis (e.g., a second target nucleic acid amplification reaction) on a second subset of the multiple samples.

[0051] In some embodiments, the diagnostic system 10 may have a modular structure and may consist of multiple modules operably coupled together. For example, the system 10 may include a first module 100 and a second module 400 operably coupled together. Both the first module 100 and the second module 400 may be configured to perform one or more steps of the first analysis and / or the second analysis. In some embodiments, the first module 100 and the second module 400 may be separate modules selectively coupled together. That is, the first module 100 may be selectively and operably coupled to one second module 400, and the first module 100 may be selectively detached from the second module 400 and coupled to a different second module 400. The first module 100 and the second module 400 may be coupled together by any method. For example, fasteners (e.g., bolts or screws), clamps, belts, straps, or any combination of fastening / attachment devices may be used to couple the modules together. In some embodiments, the diagnostic system 10 may be of an integrated, self-contained structure (i.e., the first module 100 cannot be connected to and separated from the second module 400).

[0052] In some embodiments, power, data, and / or utility lines or conduits (air, water, vacuum, etc.) may extend between the first module 100 and the second module 400. In some embodiments, the first module 100 is configured to perform a first nucleic acid amplification reaction that requires isothermal conditions (i.e., substantially constant temperature) for the duration of the first nucleic acid amplification reaction (e.g., transcription-mediated amplification reaction (TMA), nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) reaction, and strand displacement amplification (SDA) reaction), and the second module 400 is configured to perform a second nucleic acid amplification reaction that requires thermal cycling (e.g., polymerase chain reaction (PCR)). In some embodiments, the first module 100 may be a diagnostic system previously purchased by a customer, and the second module 400 may be a diagnostic module that expands the analytical capabilities of the combined system purchased later. For example, in one embodiment in which system 10 is a Panther Fusion® system (manufactured by Hologic, Inc.), first module 100 may be a Panther® instrument configured to perform a TMA assay on a sample, and module 400 may be a Panther Fusion® Sidecar configured to extend the functionality of the Panther instrument by adding PCR assay capabilities.

[0053] An exemplary diagnostic system 10 having an exemplary first module 100 and a second module 400 is described in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2016 / 0060680 and 2016 / 0032358, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Exemplary systems, functions, components, and capabilities of the first module 100 and the second module 400 are described in the above-mentioned publications and will not be described herein for brevity. Among other components, the first module 100 and / or the second module 400 may include compartments (e.g., drawers, cabinets, etc.) that are open and may be loaded with containers for holding samples, containers for storing reagents, receptacles for carrying out reactions involved in the analysis, etc. These compartments include a fluid drawer 300 that stores multiple containers with reagents used in the analysis. Components of the first module 100 and / or the second module 400 also include vessel, receptacle, or holder transporters (for moving vessels, receptacles, or holders between different loading stations (heaters, incubators, etc.) of the modules 100, 400) and fluid transfer devices (transfer desired amounts of samples and reagents from vessels to receptacles). These material transfer devices may include a robotic pipetter 200 configured for controlled, automated movement between different locations of the modules 100, 400 (e.g., fluid drawers 300, sample vessels, reaction receptacles, etc.). The robotic pipetter 200 includes a probe having a tip (e.g., a disposable tip) configured to access vessels that hold samples and reagents and transfer desired amounts of their contents to reaction receptacles and vials.

[0054] In one exemplary embodiment, the fluid drawer 300 is configured to hold a plurality of reagent containers. In some embodiments, the fluid drawer 300 may be part of the second module 400. However, it is also contemplated that the fluid drawer 300 may be part of the first module 100.

[0055] The fluid drawer 300 may include a movable frame 302 and a fixed support 304. The movable frame 302 may be movably coupled (e.g., slidably) to the fixed support 304 such that the frame 302 may be moved relative to the fixed support 304. The fixed support 304 may be integral with or coupled to the frame of the system 10. The frame 302 may be movable between a closed position (as shown in FIGS. 1A and 2) in which the frame 302 and components coupled thereto or supported thereby are within the instrument 10, and an open position (as shown in FIG. 1B) in which the components coupled thereto or supported thereby are accessible to an operator. For example, a door or cover panel of the fluid drawer 300 (or the housing of the second module 400) may be grasped by an operator and the frame 302 may be slid out of the instrument 10 from the closed position to the open position, thereby allowing the operator to access the contents of the fluid drawer 300. The door or cover panel may provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance to the front of the second module 400. An automated lock controlled by a system controller may be provided to prevent the frame 302 of the fluid drawer 300 from being pulled open when the second module 400 is operating. In some embodiments, a visible and / or audible warning signal may be provided to indicate that the fluid drawer 300 is not properly closed.

[0056] FIG. 1B is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the diagnostic system 10 with the frame 302 of the fluid drawer 300 in an open position, according to one embodiment; and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the exemplary fluid drawer 300 in a closed position and separated from the remainder of the system 10. In the following discussion, reference will be made to both FIG. 1B and FIG. 2. The fluid drawer 300 may include a frame 302 that may slide out from a fixed support 304 coupled to or integral with the main body of the diagnostic system 10. The frame 302 of the fluid drawer 300 may be opened by an operator to load a container containing a fluidic reagent (i.e., any fluid used during an analysis performed by the instrument 10). The frame 302 of the fluid drawer 300 may include one or more container holders configured to hold one or more containers carrying different types of reagents. In general, a container holder may be a component that includes one or more receptacles (e.g., recesses, pockets, depressions, etc.) coupled thereto or formed thereon for receiving a fluid-filled container therein. In some embodiments, the vessel holder may be a molded component using a non-conductive plastic or polymeric material. However, it is also contemplated that in some embodiments, the vessel holder may be formed using a conductive material, or different regions of the vessel holder may be formed from different materials (e.g., non-conductive and conductive materials). In some exemplary embodiments, the frame 302 of the fluid drawer 300 includes a vessel holder 500, which in some embodiments houses an elution buffer vessel or a vessel having any other desired reagent, and a vessel holder 600, which in some embodiments houses a non-elution buffer reagent or any other desired reagent. In some embodiments, at least the vessel holder 500 is removably coupled to the frame 302. For example, the vessel holder 500 can be moved with the frame 302 between a closed position and an open position, and then removed or separated from the frame 302 in the closed position (as described further below).

[0057] Although not a requirement, in some embodiments, the vessel holder 500 may include two receptacles 501, each configured to receive a vessel 502 (e.g., a vessel containing an elution buffer) therein. For example, FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary vessel holder 500 including a vessel 502 in each of its two receptacles 501, and FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary vessel holder 500 including a vessel 502 in one of its two receptacles 501. In some embodiments, the vessel holder 600 may include six receptacles 601, each configured to receive a vessel that contains a reagent therein. In some embodiments, the six receptacles of the reagent vessel holder 600 may be configured to receive two oil vessels and four reconstitution fluid vessels 602 (see FIG. 3). For example, FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary reagent container holder 600 having a reagent container 602 in each receptacle 601, and FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary reagent container holder 600 having a reagent container 602 (e.g., a reconstitution fluid container) in one of its six receptacles 601.

[0058] In some embodiments, the vessel holder 500 and the vessel holder 600 may be separate components positioned adjacent to one another or spaced apart from one another. For example, in some embodiments, the vessel holder 500 may fit within an area (e.g., any pocket, recess, indentation, etc.) of the frame 302. As best seen in FIG. 9 , for example, a recess 636 configured to receive the vessel holder 500 is defined within the frame 302. The recess 636 may be defined, at least in part, by a panel 632 of the vessel holder 600, a base panel 638 of the frame 302, and a back panel 634 of the frame 302. In this manner, each of the panel 632, the base panel 638, and the back panel 634 (and the recess 636 defined thereby) moves as the frame 302 moves between the open and closed positions. As best seen in FIG. 9 , the sides of the recess 636 that intersect with the path traveled by the container holder 500 are substantially unbounded (unlike the front, bottom, and rear sides of the recess 636) so that the container holder 500 can be easily inserted into the recess 636 by the transport 700.

[0059] Although the fluid drawer 300 is described above as having two separate vessel holders (vessel holder 500 and vessel holder 600), this is by way of example only. In general, the fluid drawer 300 may include any number of vessel holders, each having any number of receptacles. For example, in some embodiments, instead of two vessel holders (e.g., vessel holder 500 with two receptacles 501 and vessel holder 600 with six receptacles 601), a single vessel holder (e.g., with eight receptacles) may be provided in the fluid drawer 300. The number and size of the receptacles in the vessel holder may be determined by, among other things, considerations of the intended throughput and the desired period between replenishment operations of required materials. The vessels in the fluid drawer 300 may be identified by a machine-readable code, such as an RFID. An indicator panel 307 having visible signals (e.g., red and green LEDs) and / or other indications (textual, audible, etc.) is provided on the frame 302 or within the fluid drawer 300 (or on a vessel holder) to provide feedback to an operator related to the vessel status. The indicator panel 307 may be positioned anywhere within the fluid drawer 300 or vessel holder (note the different example locations of the indicator panel 307 in FIGS. 1B and 2).

[0060] In some embodiments, diagnostic system 10 may include a vessel holder transporter 700 (see, e.g., FIGS. 2, 9, 12, and 13) configured to move one or more vessel holders (e.g., vessel holder 500 or vessel holder 600) from frame 302 of fluid drawer 300 to another location within diagnostic system 10. As shown in FIGS. 2, 9, 12, and 13, for example, holder transporter 700 can be positioned adjacent vessel holder 500 near the rear end of frame 302 when frame 302 is in the closed position. Holder transporter 700 is described further below.

[0061] 4A-4E and 7 illustrate various views of a vessel holder 500 according to various embodiments. FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary vessel holder 500 (e.g., an elution buffer vessel holder) having an exemplary vessel 502 (e.g., a vessel filled with elution buffer) in one of its receptacles 501, and FIG. 4A-4E illustrates an exemplary vessel holder 500 without any vessel 502 in its receptacles 501. With collective reference to FIG. 4A-4E and 7, the vessel holder 500 may include a base or tab portion 510 forming two receptacles 501 for receiving fluid vessels 502, and a flange 517 extending outwardly from a top of the tab portion 510. As best seen in FIG. 4B, the flange 517 may extend around the left and right sides and the rear side of the tab portion 510 in some embodiments. The vessel holder 500 may define at least one channel. For example, the vessel holder 500 can define a pair of channels 520A and 520B on the left and right sides of the vessel holder 500. In some embodiments, the channels 520A and 520B are defined in the flange 517 and are at least partially bounded by a pair of spring arms 518A and 518B, respectively. The channels 520A and 520B can extend in a direction substantially parallel to the direction of movement of the frame 302 between the open and closed positions. As a result, the channels 520A and 520B can receive a pin 730 of the transport 700 (described further below) as the frame 302 moves to the closed position.

[0062] Additionally, while the vessel holder 500 of FIGS. 4A-4E and 7 has a receptacle 501 with a generally rectangular cross-sectional shape, this is merely exemplary. In general, the receptacle 501 may have any shape (e.g., rectangular, square, polygonal, circular, elliptical, etc. cross-sectional shape) and size configured to receive a desired fluid vessel. In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 7 (and FIGS. 4A-4E), the opposing sides and bottom surface of the vessel holder 500 may include a gap 514 (or valley) separating the two receptacles 501. However, the gap 514 is merely exemplary. In some embodiments, the gap 514 may be omitted, and the sides and / or bottom surface of the vessel holder 500 may include a continuous surface. Typically, the shape and size of the receptacle 501 may match the shape and size of the desired fluid-filled vessel 502 (e.g., a vessel filled with an elution buffer) to be received within the receptacle 501. In some embodiments, the vessel holder 500 may have an RFID tag attached to a surface thereof.

[0063] As shown and best seen in FIGS. 4A, 4C, and 4D, the vessel holder 500, in some embodiments, can include one or more knobs extending from a lower wall E of the vessel holder 500. For example, the vessel holder 500 can include a pair of spaced apart knobs 522A and 522B extending from the lower wall E. The knob 522A can be aligned with one receptacle 501 and the knob 522B can be aligned with the other receptacle 501. Each knob 522A and 522B has a respective post portion 526A and 526B extending from the lower wall E, and flanges 524A and 524B extend outwardly from a distal end of the post portion 526A and 526B. The knobs 522A and 522B can be used to lock the vessel holder 500 to the frame 302, as described further below.

[0064] In some embodiments, the vessel holder 500 includes a second pair of spaced apart knobs, 528A and 528B, extending from the lower wall E. The knob 528A can be aligned with one receptacle 501 and the knob 528B can be aligned with the other receptacle 501. Although the knobs 528A and 528B are illustrated with a dome-like shape, the knobs 528A and 528B can have other shapes, for example, a cylindrical or conical shape. As described further below, the knobs 528A and 528B can be used to register (i.e., align) the position of the vessel holder 500 with respect to the frame 302.

[0065] 4C is a bottom perspective view of the vessel holder 500, including the tab portion 510, showing side wall A and bottom wall E. FIGs. 4D and 4E are another bottom and front perspective views of the vessel holder 500, including the tab portion 510, showing side walls D and C, respectively. Again, in some embodiments, the tab portion 510 may be formed from a non-conductive material (e.g., plastic). In some embodiments, the body of the tab portion 510 has at least one conductive outer surface for connection to an electrical ground or voltage source, and in some embodiments, the vessel holder 500 is not formed solely of a conductive metal.

[0066] For example, as illustrated in Figures 4C-4E, one or more of side walls A, B, C, and D and bottom wall E of vessel holder 500 may include metallized portions 516. As illustrated in Figure 4C, in some embodiments, substantially the entire outer surface of opposing side walls A and B and bottom wall E may include metallized portions 516. Also, as illustrated in Figures 4D and 4E, at least a portion of the outer surface of opposing side walls C and D may include metallized portions 516. The metallized portions 516 in these figures are illustrated using hatched lines on the surfaces. The metallized portions 516 on the surfaces of side walls C and D and the metallized portions 516 on the surfaces of side walls A and B may be adjacent to the metallized portions 516 on the surface of bottom wall E. That is, the metallized portions 516 on the surfaces of bottom wall E and side walls A, B, C, and D may form a continuous surface. 4C-4E, the surfaces of side walls C and D, as well as the surface of bottom wall E within gap 514, may also include metallized portions 516. However, in some embodiments, some or all of the surfaces within gap 514 may not include metallized portions 516. For example, in some embodiments, the surfaces of gap 514 on side walls C and D may not include metallized portions 516, and the surface of gap 514 on bottom wall E may include metallized portions 516.

[0067] The metallized portion 516 may be formed by covering a portion of the wall of the tab portion 510 (e.g., sidewall A, B, C, D, or bottom wall E) with a layer of conductive metal. The metal layer of the metallized portion 516 may have any suitable thickness. In some embodiments, the thickness of the metallized portion 516 may be about 0.5-2.0 mils thick. However, this thickness is merely exemplary. In different embodiments of the present disclosure, the metallized portion 516 may have any value of thickness between about 0.2-10 mils. The metallized portion 516 may be attached to a surface by any method. In some embodiments, a metal foil (e.g., aluminum foil, copper foil, steel foil, etc.) may be attached to the wall of the tab portion 510 using an adhesive layer. For example, in some embodiments, an aluminum foil (or a foil of another conductive material) having an adhesive surface may be attached to the surface of the wall (sidewall, bottom wall, etc.) of the tab portion 510 to form the metallized portion 516. In some embodiments, the surfaces of the tab walls (side walls, bottom walls, etc.) may be coated with a metal layer (aluminum, steel, copper, etc.) using any known coating process (e.g., electroless plating, vapor deposition, painting with conductive paint, etc.) to form metallized portions 516.

[0068] Any area of ​​sidewalls A, B, C, and D may include metallized portion 516. FIG. 4C illustrates substantially the entire surface (i.e., substantially 100% of the area) of sidewall A and bottom wall E as having metallized portion 516, but this is by way of example only. Similarly, FIGS. 4D and 4E illustrate approximately 20-30% of the length of sidewalls C and D including metallized portion 516, but this is by way of example only. In general, any suitable amount of the outer surface of sidewalls A, B, C, and D may include metallized portion 516. For example, in some embodiments, approximately 5-20%, 20-30%, 40-50%, 50-75%, 75-100% of the surface (e.g., length, area, etc.) of sidewalls A, B, C, and D may include metallized portion 516. In some embodiments, only selected surfaces of tab portion 510 (e.g., bottom wall E) may include metallized portion 516. 4C-4E illustrate metallized portions 516 as formed on the exterior surface of tab portion 510, but this is by way of example only. In some embodiments, as an alternative or in addition to these metallized portions 516, the walls of tab portion 510 (portions of the walls or substantially all of the walls) may be formed of a conductive metal or may be manufactured using a conductive plastic. For example, in some embodiments, a conductive metal insert may be included in a plastic molding to form portions of bottom wall E and / or side walls A, B, C, and D.

[0069] 5A and 5B illustrate cross-sectional schematic views of an exemplary fluid container 502 (e.g., a container filled with elution buffer) that may be placed in a receptacle 501 of a container holder 500. The fluid container 502 may include a cup-like reservoir 506 that contains a fluid 508 (e.g., elution buffer) and a sealing foil 504 that covers the mouth of the reservoir. In some embodiments, the container 502 may be structurally similar to a yogurt cup with a foil lid that encloses the fluid in the cup. In use, a probe tip (e.g., an integrally formed pipette tip or a releasably connected disposable pipette tip) of a fluid transfer device (e.g., a robotic pipettor (similar to pipettor 200 shown in FIG. 1A)) penetrates through the sealing foil 504, forming a hole in the sealing foil to access the fluid 508 in the container 502 (seen at sealing foil 504 in FIG. 7). In some embodiments where the probe tip is a releasably coupled disposable pipette tip, the tip is formed of a conductive plastic. In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 5B, the sealing foil 504 of the container 502 may be covered by an elastic sheet 505A, for example forming an elastic septum. In some embodiments, the elastic sheet 505A may include a slit (i.e., may be a cut) to allow the probe tip to pass through. In such an embodiment, the probe tip may pass through the slit in the sheet 505A and pierce the foil 504 below the slit to enter the container 502. In some embodiments, the probe tip may cut through the elastic sheet 505A upon entering the container 502, creating a slit (or flap) on the elastic sheet 505A. A slit on the elastic sheet above a hole (formed by the probe tip) on the sealing foil 504 may reduce evaporation of the fluid 508 from the container 502. In some embodiments, the elastic sheet 505A may be covered by a hard plastic cover 505B that has a septum or opening to provide access for the probe tip of the pipettor (see FIG. 3).In such an embodiment, to access the fluid 508 in the container 502, the tip of the pipettor may pass through the elastic sheet 505A and foil 504 through a hole or septum in the hard plastic cover 505B. The fluid container 602, which may contain the reconstitution solution, may be structurally similar to the container 502 of Figures 5A and 5B, which may contain the elution buffer in some embodiments. That is, the reconstitution fluid container 602 may have a cup-like reservoir with a cover in the form of a sealing foil 604 (similar to the sealing foil 504 of Figure 5A), or a sealing foil covered by an elastic sheet 605A and a plastic cover 605B (similar to Figure 5B).

[0070] In some embodiments, the transport 700 includes a holder support 720 configured to releasably and securely couple with the vessel holder 500 when the frame 302 is in the closed position. Exemplary holder supports 720 are illustrated in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8. The holder support 720 may be secured when the frame 302 of the fluid drawer 300 is pulled to the open position, allowing the tab portion 510 of the vessel holder 500 to slide out of the holder support 720 and an operator to load the vessel 502 into the receptacle 501. The holder support 720 may be oriented (with respect to the tab portion 510) such that a portion of the holder support 720 blocks the withdrawal of the vessel 502 from within the receptacle 501 (e.g., in an upward vertical direction). As illustrated in FIG. 6, the holder support 720 may include an upper portion 722 and a lower portion 724 spaced apart from the upper portion 722. The upper portion 722 and the lower portion 724 may be spaced apart by a pair of pins 730 (shown in FIG. 6). In other embodiments, the upper portion 722 may be attached to the lower portion 724 (or to the system 10) using mechanical fasteners (such as screws) or any other suitable method. It is also contemplated that in some embodiments, the upper portion 722 and the lower portion 724 may be formed as a single, integral piece.

[0071] The volume of space defined between the upper portion 722 and the lower portion 725 is configured to receive a portion of the vessel holder 500, for example, the upper portion of the vessel holder 500 including the flange 517, when the frame 302 moves to the closed position. In some embodiments, the lower portion 724 of the holder support 720 forms a shelf 726 on an opposing side of the vessel holder 500. The shelf 726 can include a surface 728 that supports the vessel holder 500 when the holder support 720 is coupled to the vessel holder 500. As the upper portion of the vessel holder 500 including the flange 517 is received within the volume of space defined between the upper portion 722 and the lower portion 724, the pin 730 slides within the respective channels 520A and 520B defined by the flange 517, and the flange 517 rests against the surface 728 of the lower portion 724. In some embodiments, the spring arms 518A and 518B are configured to create an interference fit (e.g., a snap fit) with the respective pins 730 received in the channels 520A and 520B. As best seen in FIG. 4B , the distal ends of the spring arms 518A and 518B can include protrusions that assist in creating an interference fit with the pins 730. This interference fit releasably secures the container holder 500 to the holder support 720 of the transport 700 and prevents movement of the container holder 500 in a direction toward the open position until a threshold force is exceeded. As a result, the container holder 500 can move with the holder support 720 without disengaging therefrom.

[0072] In some embodiments, the upper portion 722 may be made of a non-conductive material (e.g., plastic) and the lower portion 724 may be made of a non-conductive material or may be made of a conductive material (e.g., aluminum, iron, steel, copper, etc.).

[0073] The top portion 722 may have any shape and configuration and may prevent removal (e.g., vertically upward) of the container 502 from the receptacle 501 when secured against the tab portion 510. In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, the top portion 722 may have a window frame shape having an opening (e.g., a rectangular opening) through which a portion of the container 502 is exposed (see FIG. 7). However, the window frame shape is merely exemplary. In general, the top portion 722 may have any shape and configuration such that when the holder support 720 is secured against the tab portion 510, at least a portion of the top portion 722 overlies a portion of the container 502 in the receptacle 501 and exposes at least a portion of the receptacle of the container 502 containing fluid.

[0074] 7, after a container 502 (e.g., a container shown in FIG. 5A or 5B) is placed in the receptacle 501 of the tab portion 510, a holder support 720 can be attached to the top of the container 502 such that a portion of the top portion 722 of the holder support 720 overlies an outer peripheral portion of the container 502. The top portion 722 forms a window frame shaped opening that exposes an area of ​​the sealing foil 504 and / or a portion of the elastic sheet 505A (if the container of FIG. 5B is used). The portion of the top portion 722 over the container 502 blocks (or prevents) withdrawal of the container 502 from the receptacle 501 (e.g., in a vertically upward direction when a fluid transfer device is withdrawn from the container 502 in an upward direction after extracting fluid from the container 502). In some embodiments, the portion of the top portion 722 over the container 502 presses down on the area underneath the sealing foil 504 (or the hard plastic cover 505B if the container of FIG. 5B is used). In embodiments where the top portion 722 is made of a non-conductive material and the bottom portion 724 is made of a conductive material, the top portion 722 functions to electrically insulate (or separate) the sealing foil 504 from the bottom portion 724 of the holder support 720. In embodiments where the top portion 722 and the bottom portion 724 of the holder support 720 are both conductive (e.g., the holder support 720 is a single component made of a conductive material such as metal), an insulating layer (e.g., insulating tape, a washer, etc.) may be positioned between the mating surfaces of the top portion 722 and the sealing foil 504 to insulate the sealing foil 504 from the holder support 720. Although the holder support 720 is described as being attached to the transport 700, the holder support 720 may be attached to and oriented (with respect to the tab portion 510) on any component of the system 10 such that a portion of the holder support 720 is above the container 502 positioned within the receptacle 501 of the tab portion 510.

[0075] FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary cross-sectional schematic of a vessel holder 500 having a vessel 502 in its receptacle. When the holder support 720 is coupled to the vessel holder 500, the lower portion 724 of the holder support 720 contacts the contact areas 512 on the metallized portions 516 of sidewall A and sidewall B of the tab portion 510 (see also FIG. 16). The contact areas 512 may extend over any length or area of ​​the surface of the sidewalls A, B of the tab. In some embodiments, the contact areas may extend over approximately 10-30% of the length (or area) of the surface of the sidewalls A, B. However, it is also contemplated that in some embodiments, the contact areas 512 may extend over a greater length or area (e.g., approximately 40-60%) of the surface of the sidewalls A, B. In some embodiments, the holder support 720 may be configured such that the lower portion 724 contacts sidewalls C and D in addition to sidewalls A and B. In some such embodiments, the metallized portions on sidewalls C and D may extend across substantially the entire surface of sidewalls C and D (similar to sidewalls A and B).

[0076] When the holder support 720 is attached to the vessel holder 500, the metallic lower portion 724 of the holder support 720 can be electrically connected to an outer conductive surface of the vessel holder 500, for example, through the metallized portion 516 on the side walls A and B to the lower wall E of the tab portion 510. This contact allows for the formation of a conductive plane or circuit around the tab portion 510 of the vessel holder 500. This conductive plane is electrically insulated from the sealing foil 504 (of the vessel 502 in the receptacle 501) by the non-conductive upper portion 722 of the holder support 720. In embodiments where the metallized portion 516 is primarily on the lower wall E, the conductive plane may be formed primarily by the lower wall E. In some embodiments, the shelf 726 may be located on the same side as the contact area 512 (i.e., on opposing side walls A and B, or on the same side if the lower portion 724 of the holder support 720 contacts the side wall). However, in some embodiments, the shelves 726 may be formed on more than two opposing sides of the vessel holder 500 (eg, all four sides, etc.).

[0077] When the frame 302 of the fluid drawer 300 is in the closed position (as shown in FIGS. 1A and 2), the holder support 720 (see FIG. 2) of the holder transporter 700 engages the vessel holder 500 to move the vessel holder 500 between a position on the frame 302 in the fluid drawer 300 in the second module 400 (e.g., seated in the recess 632) and a position 150 in the first module 100. FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary holder transporter 700 engaging a vessel holder 500 in the fluid drawer 300 when the frame 302 is in the closed position. The holder transporter 700 includes one or more arms 704 that operably couple the actuator 702 to the holder support 720. At least one of the arms 704 is coupled to the actuator 702 such that the actuator moves the arm 704. In some embodiments, the actuator 702 is an electric motor that rotates at least one of the arms 704. For example, referring to FIG. 9, the transport 700 includes two arms 704. One end of the right arm in FIG. 9 is fixedly coupled to a drive shaft of an electric motor 702, and one end of the left arm is pivotally coupled to a portion of the system 10. The other ends of the right arm and the left arm 704 are pivotally coupled to a holder support 702. As a result, as the electric motor 702 rotates the right arm 704, the arm 704 moves the holder support 720. Due to the connection point of the arm 704, the holder support 720 moves along an arcuate path that includes both vertical and horizontal components. That is, referring to FIG. 9, the holder support 720 (and thus the container holder 500 and container 502 coupled thereto) moves either vertically upwards and downwards (i.e., vertical components) while simultaneously moving either horizontally left or right (i.e., horizontal components). In other embodiments, the arm 704 can be configured so that the holder support 720 moves along other non-arcuate paths that include a vertical component.

[0078] In some embodiments, the frame 302 includes a holder interface component that engages with the vessel holder 500 to align and / or support the vessel holder 500 relative to the frame 302. For example, as shown in Figures 9, 10, and 11, the panel 634 of the frame 302 can include a pair of protrusions 640A and 640B. As also shown in Figure 4D, the vessel holder 500 can include a portion 530 that, in use, extends downward from the flange 517 (but faces upward in the orientation of Figure 4D), and the portion 530 defines a pair of slots 532A and 532B. The slots 532A and 532B and the protrusions 640A and 640B are configured such that when the vessel holder 500 is seated in the recess 636, the slots 532A and 532B receive at least an upper portion of the protrusions 640A and 640B, respectively. The holder support 720 moves along a path that includes a vertical component, thereby allowing the holder support 720 to be lifted to remove the upper portions of the projections 640A and 640B from the slots 532A and 532B, respectively.

[0079] In some embodiments, the arm 704 is pivotally coupled to a structural member of the second module 400 that is electrically coupled to a component (e.g., the housing of the second module 400) that is connected to a system ground (i.e., the arm 704 is electrically grounded). Upon actuation of the holder transport 700, the arm 704 engages the holder support 720 via the bearing 710 and moves the vessel holder 500 from its position on the frame 302 in the closed position in the fluid drawer 300 to its position 150 in the first module 100. Thus, when the arm 704 engages the holder support 720, the conductive plane of the vessel holder 500 formed by its metallized portion 516 (e.g., on side walls A and B and / or bottom wall E) is electrically connected (or grounded) to the system ground through the metal bottom portion 724 of the holder support 720, the bearing 710, and the arm 704. In the discussion below, this grounded conductive plane formed on the tab portion 510 is referred to as the ground plane.

[0080] In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 9, when the vessel holder 500 is positioned at location 150, the conductive brush 110 of the diagnostic system 10 may make electrical contact with the metallized portion 516 on the sidewall (e.g., sidewall B) of the tab portion 510. The brush 110 may be attached to a component of the system 10 that is connected to a system ground and may therefore be electrically grounded. In some embodiments, the brush 110 may be attached to a component of the first module 100. FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary brush 110. The brush 110 may include bristles 112 attached to a base 114. The base 114 may be attached to the grounded component of the first module 100 via any suitable mechanism that allows for a conductive path such that the bristles 112 make contact with the metallized portion 516 on the sidewall (e.g., sidewall B) of the tab portion 510 when the elution buffer vessel holder 500 is positioned at location 150 in the first module 100. In embodiments in which brush 110 is used, electrical contact between metallized portion 516 of sidewall B and grounded brush 110 may provide an additional (or alternative) ground path to the ground plane.

[0081] When the vessel holder 500 is positioned at the position 150 in the first module 100, a fluid transfer device (e.g., an automated robotic pipettor 800) of the first module 100 may be used to extract a desired amount of fluid 508 (e.g., elution buffer or any other desired reagent) from the vessel 502. The structure and operation of the pipettor are described in publications incorporated by reference herein and will not be described herein. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a robotic pipettor 800 extracting fluid 508 from a fluid vessel 502 in the vessel holder 500. The pipettor 800 includes a probe tip 810 configured to penetrate through at least the sealing foil 504 of the vessel 502 to access the fluid 508 in the vessel 502. After withdrawing a desired amount of fluid 508, under the control of a control system of system 10, pipettor 800 including probe tip 810 is withdrawn from vessel 502 and transported to a different location in system 10 to transfer the withdrawn fluid, for example to a receptacle or vial, for sample analysis. As known to those skilled in the art, during operation of system 10, pipettor 800 may access and withdraw fluid 808 from vessel 502 multiple times, thereby reducing the amount of fluid 508 in vessel 502. During withdrawal of pipettor 800 from vessel 502, a portion of holder support 720 above vessel 502 may prevent vertical movement of vessel 502 relative to receptacle 501 and vessel holder 500.

[0082] In some embodiments, the fluid drawer 300 further includes a holder lock that secures the vessel holder 500 to the frame 302 when the frame 302 is in the open position (see FIG. 1B) and unlocks the vessel holder 500 from the frame 302 when the frame 302 is in the closed position (see FIG. 1A). A lock in this configuration allows the transport 700 to move the vessel holder 500 between a position in the recess 636 on the frame 302 (when the frame 302 is in the closed position) and a position 150 in the first module 100, while also allowing the vessel holder 500 to be secured to the frame 302 when an operator removes a vessel 502 from a receptacle 501 of the vessel holder 500 without separating the holder 500 from the frame 302.

[0083] In some embodiments, the base panel 638, which partially defines the recess 636 for receiving the vessel holder 500, defines a plurality of openings 641A, 641B, 642A, and 642B configured to receive the knobs 522A, 522B, 528A, and 528B of the vessel holder 500 therethrough when the vessel holder 500 is received in the recess 636. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 , the knobs 522A, 522B, 528A, and 528B extend from an upper side of the base panel 638 to an underside of the base panel 638 when the vessel holder 500 is received in the recess 636. In such embodiments, the flanges 524A and 524B of the knobs 522A and 522B are spaced a distance from the underside of the panel 638. In such embodiments, the holder lock can include at least one arm 644 movably coupled to the frame 302. For example, arm 644 may be pivotally coupled to the underside of frame 302 using a pivot pin 646 that defines an axis about which arm 644 rotates. Arm 644 is movable relative to openings 641A and 641B between two arm positions: a locked arm position and an unlocked arm position.

[0084] In some embodiments, in the locked arm position (see, e.g., FIGS. 11 and 13 ), the arm 644 engages a portion of the knob 522A extending through the opening 641A, thereby securing the container holder 500 to the frame. In some embodiments, the arm 644 also engages a portion of the knob 522B extending through the opening 641B in the first arm position. For example, in some embodiments, the arm 644 includes a first hook 648A at one end of the arm 644 and a second hook 648B at the other end of the arm 644. In the locked arm position, the first hook 648A can engage between a portion of the knob 522A extending through the opening 641A and the flange 524A and the underside of the base panel 638, and the second hook 648B can engage between a portion of the knob 522B extending through the opening 641B and the flange 524B and the underside of the base panel 638. In this manner, the first hook 648A and the second hook 648B overlap (vertically) with the flanges 524A and 524B, thereby preventing upward vertical movement of the knobs 522A and 522B of the container holder 500 relative to the frame 302 and locking the container holder 500 to the frame 302.

[0085] In some embodiments, in the unlocked arm position (see, e.g., FIG. 12 ), the arm 644 disengages from the knobs 522A and 522B extending through the openings 641A and 641B, thereby unlocking the container holder 500 from the frame 302. In some embodiments, in the unlocked arm position, the arm 644 is reoriented such that the first hook 648A disengages the portion of the knob 522A extending through the opening 641A between the flange 524A and the underside of the base panel 638, and the second hook 648B disengages the portion of the knob 522B extending through the opening 641B between the flange 524B and the underside of the base panel 638. Also, in the unlocked arm position, neither the first hook 648A nor the second hook 648B overlap (vertically) with portions of the flanges 524A and 524B, thereby allowing upward vertical movement of the knobs 522A and 522B of the container holder 500 relative to the frame 302 and unlocking the container holder 500 from the frame 302.

[0086] In some embodiments, the arm 644 is biased to a locked arm position. For example, in some embodiments, the spring 656 is coupled between the arm 644 and a portion of the frame 302 in a manner that biases the arm 644 to the locked arm position, as shown in FIG 12. In other embodiments (not shown), the arm 644 is biased to an unlocked arm position.

[0087] In some embodiments, the holder lock is passively actuated (without the use of an active actuator) between the locked and unlocked arm positions. For example, as shown in FIG. 14, the fixed support 304 of the fluid drawer 300 can include a fixed pin 658 extending upwardly from a base of the fixed support 304. The pin 658 is positioned such that the pin 658 engages the arm 644 as the frame 302 approaches the closed position (see FIG. 1A). For example, the pin 658 can be positioned near the rear end of the frame 302 when the frame 302 is in the closed position. As the frame 302 continues into the closed position, the pin 658 contacts the arm 644, which causes the arm 644 to pivot about the pivot pin 646, thereby moving the arm 644 to the unlocked arm position. Additionally, as the frame 302 moves from the closed position to the open position, the pin 658 disengages the arm 644, allowing the arm 644 to pivot back to the locked arm position.

[0088] In some embodiments (not shown), the holder lock is actively actuated (using an active actuator) between the locked and unlocked arm positions. For example, in some embodiments, an actuator can be coupled to the frame 302 and the arm 644. Either when the frame 302 approaches the closed position (see FIG. 1A ) or after the frame 302 reaches the closed position, a control signal can be sent to the actuator, e.g., by applying a force to a movable element, which then moves the arm 644 to the unlocked arm position. Also, when movement of the frame 302 from the closed position back to the open position is initiated, a control signal can be sent to the actuator, which then moves the arm 644 back to the locked arm position.

[0089] In some embodiments, the fluid drawer 300 also includes a frame lock that prevents movement of the frame 302 relative to the fixed support 304 when the vessel holder 500 is unlocked from the frame 302. In some embodiments, the frame lock includes one locking component fixed to the fixed support 304 and a complementary locking component fixed to the frame 302. For example, the frame lock may include a hook 650 fixedly coupled to a rear end of the frame 302 and a catch 654 fixedly coupled to a portion 652 of the station support 304. The catch 654 is configured to receive the hook 650 in a manner such that movement of the frame 302 relative to the fixed support 304 is prevented. In the illustrated embodiment, the hook 650 is coupled to the frame 302 and the catch 654 is coupled to the fixed support 304, although the catch 654 can be coupled to the frame 302 and the hook 650 can be coupled to the fixed support 304. The pipettor 800 may be adapted to detect the level of the fluid 508 in the vessel 502 using capacitive level sensing (and possibly other fluid level sensing or measurement techniques). The theory and operation of capacitive level liquid sensing is known in the art and will not be described in detail herein. The probe tip 810 of the pipettor 800 connected to an alternating current acts as one plate of a capacitor, and a ground plane (e.g., a grounded conductive plane formed thereon by the metallized portion 516 of the tab portion 510) acts as the other plate of the capacitor. A capacitance signal (a signal related to capacitance) measured between these two plates may be used to measure the fluid level in the vessel 502. In embodiments where the fluid 508 is conductive (e.g., a conductive elution buffer), a spike is observed in the capacitance signal when the probe tip 810 contacts the surface of the fluid 508. Because capacitance is inversely proportional to the distance between the plates, the spike (or strength of the signal) in the observed capacitance signal increases as the fluid level in the vessel 502 decreases.In use, as the pipettor's probe tip 810 moves downward in search of fluid, the position (height) of the pipettor 800 (e.g., pipettor arm) is simultaneously monitored along with the capacitance signal. When the capacitance signal increases rapidly (e.g., a spike likely caused by the probe tip 810 touching the fluid), the pipettor's height is recorded, thus establishing the height of the fluid surface. Because one plate of the capacitor, i.e., the ground plane, is located very close to the base of the vessel 502 (e.g., the lower wall E), the measured capacitance signal is very sensitive and may therefore be used to accurately detect the fluid level in the vessel 502. Thus, providing the metallized portion 516 on the boundary wall, or base, of the vessel holder 500 improves the accuracy and sensitivity of the fluid level measurement in the vessel 502.

[0090] The electrical contact of the probe tip 810 with the sealing foil 504 (of the container 502) also results in a capacitance signal (an ingress-related capacitance signal). The probe tip 810 contacts the sealing foil 504 when the probe tip 810 first penetrates the sealing foil 504 to form an opening in the sealing foil 504. Due to accumulated droplets of fluid 508 around the opening (e.g., transferred from the probe tip 810 to the opening as the wetted probe tip 810 passes repeatedly through the opening), an ingress-related capacitance signal may be observed each time the probe tip 810 passes through an opening. This ingress-related capacitance signal is independent of the fluid level in the container 502 and therefore must be distinguished from the fluid level-related capacitance signal (resulting from the probe tip 810 contacting the fluid 508 in the container 502) for accurate fluid level measurement. Electrically isolating (insulating or isolating) the sealing foil 504 from the ground plane using the non-conductive upper portion 722 of the holder support 720 reduces the magnitude (and in some cases substantially eliminates) the ingress-related capacitance signal, thereby improving the accuracy of the fluid level measurement (see Figures 8 and 17).

[0091] FIG. 17 is a graph 900 illustrating the capacitance signal observed between the probe tip 810 and the ground plane during multiple tests using an exemplary embodiment. Each curve in the graph 900 includes the signal observed during a single test. The y-axis of the graph 900 is the magnitude in arbitrary units of the observed capacitance signal, and the x-axis is a measure of the spatial location in arbitrary units of the probe tip 810 from an arbitrary reference point. As can be seen in FIG. 17, both the ingress-related capacitance signal 910 and the fluid level-related capacitance signal 920 can be observed in the graph 900. However, the ingress-related capacitance signal 910 is much smaller in magnitude than the fluid level-related capacitance signal 920, making them easily distinguishable. It can also be seen that the magnitude of the fluid level-related capacitance signal 920 increases toward the right side of the graph 900. This increase is a result of the decrease in the distance between the probe tip 810 and the ground plane (decreasing to the right of the graph 900). The determination of the liquid level is related to the pipettor position once the change in capacitance is measured. The observed capacitance signal and the location of the probe tip are used to determine the fluid level in the container 502. The observed capacitance signal is highly sensitive to the fluid level because the peaks of the curves at each fluid level are vertically close to each other and the peaks at different fluid levels are vertically spaced apart from each other.

[0092] Experiments similar to those depicted in graph 900 were performed using vessel holders 500 having different embodiments of metallized portion 516. These results indicate that providing a metallized portion 516 on the boundary walls of the tab portion 510 and electrically isolating the sealing foil 504 from the ground plane results in a capacitance signal that is a good (reproducible, reliable, etc.) indication of the fluid level in the vessel 502. The vessel holders 500 used in these experiments had a metallized portion 516 on at least a portion of the side walls of the tab portion 510 (e.g., side walls A, B, C and / or D, see FIGS. 4C-4E), but providing a grounded metallized portion 516 on any wall of the tab portion 510 proximal or adjacent to the receptacle 501 (e.g., one or more side walls and a bottom wall) and connecting the metallized portion 516 to a system ground would result in a capacitance signal that can be used to accurately detect the fluid level. For example, in some embodiments, only the bottom wall E of the tab portion 510 may be grounded (e.g., by providing a metallized portion 516 only on the bottom wall E and connecting the metallized portion 516 to a system ground, e.g., by brushes 110). In some embodiments, only one of the side walls A, D, C, or D may include a metallized portion 516 that is electrically connected to a system ground. In all of these embodiments, the capacitance signal resulting from the probe tip 810 touching the fluid surface (along with the location of the probe tip) can be accurately used to determine the fluid level in the container.

[0093] It should be noted that although metallized portion 516 is described as being grounded by connecting metallized portion 516 to a system ground, this is not a requirement. Grounding of the metallized portion may be achieved by any means known in the art. For example, metallized portion 516 may be achieved by connecting metallized portion 516 to a voltage source that is isolated (not connected) from the electrical circuitry of the capacitive fluid sensor (i.e., and is not directly connected to ground).

[0094] The above description describes the use of the metallized portion 516 to enable accurate capacitive fluid level sensing of the elution buffer 508 in a container 502 positioned in a receptacle 501 of the container holder 500. With reference to Figure 3, a similar metallized portion may also be used to detect the fluid level of a reconstitution fluid container 602 (or oil container) positioned in a receptacle 601 of a reagent container holder 600. As discussed above, the reconstitution fluid container 602 may be structurally similar to the buffer container 502 (e.g., as described above with reference to Figures 5A and 5B).

[0095] FIG. 18A illustrates a perspective view of a reagent vessel holder 600 having receptacles 601 for a reconstitution fluid vessel 602 and an oil vessel. The vessel holder 600 may include a base or tab portion 610 with the receptacles 601 and a lid 620. The lid 620 is illustrated in FIG. 18B. Although not visible in FIG. 18A (visible in FIG. 19A), in some embodiments, opposing sides of the tab portion 610 may include gaps 614 separating the receptacles. Typically, the shape and size of the receptacles 601 may match the shape and size of the fluid-filled vessels that are to be received therein. The lid 620 may be attached to a fixed module frame / chassis of the module 400. When the tab portion 610 is installed or placed in the fluid drawer 300, the tab portion 610 may slide out from under the lid 620 to allow an operator to load and unload fluid packs (reconstitution fluid container 602 and oil container). In some embodiments, a similar lid / tab arrangement may exist for the container holder 500. In such an embodiment, by sliding out the fluid drawer 300, the tab portions 510 and 610 of both the elution buffer and reconstitution container holders 500, 600 may be pulled out from under their lids 620 and holder supports 720, thus allowing an operator to reload containers therein. In some embodiments, the lid 620 may be attached to the tab portion 610 or to another component of the system 10 in any manner. In some embodiments, a mechanical fastener (e.g., a screw, etc.) may be used to attach the lid to the chassis, as illustrated in FIG. 18A. In general, the lid 620 may be attached to any component of the system 10 and oriented relative to the tab portion 610 such that a portion of the lid 620 overlies a portion of the container 602 within the receptacle 601 of the tab portion 610.

[0096] As illustrated in FIG. 18B, the lid 620 may include a non-conductive top portion 622 and a bracket portion 624. The bracket portion 624 may be formed of a conductive material or may be formed of a non-conductive material. In some embodiments, the top portion 622 and the bracket portion 624 may be two pieces attached together to form the lid 620. However, in some embodiments, the lid 620 may be a single piece having an integrated top portion 622 and bracket portion 624. The lid 620 may be attached to the tab portion 620 at the bracket portion 624. When the bracket portion 624 is attached to the tab portion 610, the top portion 622 of the lid 620 may extend over at least a portion of the upper surface of the tab portion 610. As illustrated in FIG. 18B, in some embodiments, the top portion 622 of the lid 620 may extend substantially transverse to the bracket portion 624. As seen in FIG. 3 , when the lid 620 is attached to the tab portion 610 with the reconstitution fluid container 602 placed in the receptacle 601, a portion of the non-conductive top portion 622 overlies a portion of the container 602 exposing an area of ​​the sealing foil 604. Although not a requirement, in some embodiments, the area overlying the top portion 622 may press down on an area below the container 602 to constrain the container in its receptacle. A probe tip of a robotic pipetter may penetrate through the portion of the sealing foil 604 exposed by the top portion 622 to extract reconstitution fluid. Upon withdrawal of the probe tip, the portion of the top portion 622 overlying the container 602 may prevent removal of the container 602 from the receptacle 601.

[0097] FIG. 19A illustrates the tab portion 610 of the reagent vessel holder 600 showing its lower wall E. The lower wall E includes a number of knobs 618 that function as alignment features for the vessel holder 600 in the fluid drawer 300. Similar to what is described with reference to the vessel holder 500, a metallized portion 616 may be provided on the lower wall E of the vessel holder 600. The metallized portion 616 may be substantially similar to and formed in a similar manner as the metallized portion 516 of the vessel holder 500. That is, the metallized portion 616 may comprise a conductive metal foil (e.g., aluminum foil) attached to the lower wall E using an adhesive, or may be a layer of a conductive metal (copper, aluminum, etc.) coated or painted on the surface E. It is also contemplated that in some embodiments, the metallized portion 616 may be part of the wall of the vessel holder 600. For example, some or all portions of the wall E may be made of a conductive material or may include a conductive material insert.

[0098] In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 19A, the metallized portion 616 may have a shape substantially similar to the bottom wall E (i.e., the metallized portion 616 is not formed over the gap 614). FIG. 19B illustrates another embodiment of the vessel holder 600 having a metallized portion 616 on its bottom wall E. As illustrated in FIG. 19B, in some embodiments, the metallized portion 616 on the bottom wall E may extend up and cover the gap 614. In some embodiments, the metallized portion 616 may be formed only on the bottom wall E of the tab portion 610. However, in some embodiments, the metallized portion 616 may extend to one or more of the exterior side walls of the receptacle 601 (similar to the metallized portion 516 on side walls C and D of the vessel holder 500 illustrated in FIGS. 4D and 4E).

[0099] When the reagent container holder 600 is placed in the fluid drawer 300, the metallized portion 616 on the lower wall E of the tab portion 610 is electrically connected to a system ground (e.g., the housing of the second module 400) and serves as a ground plane. In some embodiments, contact between the lower wall E and a surface of the fluid drawer 300 on which the lower wall E rests (which is connected to a system ground) provides a ground contact to the lower wall E. In some embodiments, a spring or other conductive component (washer, spacer, conductive foam, conductive sponge, etc.) may be placed between the lower wall E and a mating surface of the fluid drawer 300 (e.g., at the knob 618, see FIG. 19A) for good electrical connection between the lower wall E and the mating surface. FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the reagent container holder 600 positioned in the fluid drawer 300. As illustrated in FIG. 20, in some embodiments, a conductive spring 630 may be positioned at the knob 618 (e.g., around the knob 618) for good electrical connection to the system ground.

[0100] When the reagent container holder 600 is positioned in the fluid drawer 300, the robotic pipettor of the second module 400 (e.g., pipettor 200 of FIG. 1A) may pierce through the sealing foil 604 of the reconstitution fluid container 602 in the receptacle 601 to extract reconstitution fluid from the container 602. As described with reference to the pipettor 800 of FIG. 16, the pipettor 200 may also be configured to measure the fluid level in the container 602 by capacitive fluid level sensing. The capacitive fluid level measurement may occur in a manner similar to that described above with respect to the pipettor 800. During the capacitive fluid level measurement, the metallized portion 616 on the lower wall E of the container holder 600, which is connected to the system ground, serves as a ground plane. Since the ground plane (lower wall E) is positioned close to the base of the fluid in the container 602, the measured capacitance signal or the measured spike will be very sensitive to (and therefore a good indicator of) the fluid level in the container 602. Therefore, providing a metallized portion 616 adjacent the lower wall E (or near the base of the container 602) improves the accuracy and sensitivity of fluid level measurements within the container 602. Electrically isolating the sealing foil 604 from the ground plane using a non-conductive upper portion 622 of the lid 620 may also aid in distinguishing ingress-related capacitance signals, thereby improving the accuracy of fluid level measurements as described with reference to FIG.

[0101] Thus, a grounded metallized portion provided proximate the base of a fluid-filled container improves the sensitivity of fluid level measurements using capacitive fluid level measurements. The metallized portion may be grounded by any method known in the art, such as by connecting the metallized portion to a system ground, an isolated voltage source, etc. In some embodiments, electrically isolating the container lid from the ground plane using an intervening insulating member helps to eliminate or reduce spurious signals to improve the accuracy of the fluid level measurement.

[0102] An exemplary method of handling fluid containers used by the instrument will now be described. In some embodiments, frame 302 is moved to an open position that provides access to an operator. In the open position, the operator can insert container 502 into receptacle 501 of container holder 500, and can insert container 602 into receptacle 601 of container holder 600. The operator can then move frame 302 supporting container holder 500 (and container 502 supported by holder 500) from the open position to a closed position, which positions container holder 500 within system 10.

[0103] In some embodiments, the vessel holder 500 can be locked to the frame 302 while the frame 302 is moved to the closed position. Thus, the vessel holder 500 can be unlocked from the frame 302. After the vessel holder 500 is unlocked from the frame 302, the transport 700 can move the vessel holder 500 to a different location in the system 10. For example, the transport 700 can move the vessel holder 500 from the recess 636 on the frame 302 along a path to another location in the system 10. The path of movement of the vessel holder 500 can include a vertical component. For example, the path of movement can be arcuate. The movement of the vessel holder 500 can include using the actuator 702 to rotate at least one arm 704 coupled to the holder support 720, which in some embodiments moves the holder support 720 along the path of movement. In some embodiments, the transport 700 moves the container holder 500 from a recess 636 on a frame 302 positioned in the second module 400 of the system 10 to a position 150 in the first module 100 .

[0104] In some embodiments, the second module 400 is again configured to perform an analysis of the sample, and the first module 100 is configured to perform an analysis of the sample that is different from the analysis performed by the second module 400. For example, the analysis performed by the first module 100 can include performing a nucleic acid amplification reaction that requires thermal cycling, such as a PCR reaction. Also, the analysis performed by the second module 400 can include performing a nucleic acid amplification reaction that requires isothermal conditions for the duration of the nucleic acid amplification reaction, such as a TMA reaction, a NASBA reaction, and a SDA reaction.

[0105] In some embodiments, the vessel holder 500 can be unlocked from the frame 302 by moving the arm 644 from a locked arm position to an unlocked arm position, as described above. The vessel holder 500 can be unlocked from the frame 302 either after or simultaneously with moving the frame 302 to the closed position.

[0106] In some embodiments, when the frame 302 is in the closed position, the container holder 500 can cooperatively engage with a holder support 720 of the transport 700. The container holder 500 can cooperatively engage with the holder support 720 either after or simultaneously with moving the frame 302 to the closed position.

[0107] In some embodiments, after the transport 700 moves the vessel holder 500 to position 150 in the first module 100, a probe tip of a fluid transfer device (similar to pipettor 200 of FIG. 1A ) is inserted into the fluid vessel 502 supported by the vessel holder 500, and then at least a portion of the fluid in the fluid vessel 502 is aspirated with the fluid transfer device. After aspiration, the probe tip can be withdrawn from the fluid vessel 502. The upper portion 722 of the holder support 720 can prevent upward vertical movement of the fluid vessel 502 relative to the vessel holder 500, as described above.

[0108] Thereafter, after all or a portion of the fluid in the fluid container 502 has been aspirated at location 150 in the first module 100, the transport 700 can move the container holder 500 back to the frame 302 in the second module 400. For example, the transport 700 can re-seat the container holder 500 in the recess 636 on the frame 302 such that the protrusions 640A and 640B are received in the slots 532A and 532B and the knobs 522A, 522B, 528A and 528B extend through respective openings 641A, 641B, 642A and 642B.

[0109] Then, when fluid container 502 or fluid container 602 needs to be replaced, frame 302 can be moved, either manually or automatically, from the closed position to the open position to provide an operator with access to both fluid container 502 and fluid container 602. An operator can then manually remove the used fluid container 502 in the receptacle 501 of container holder 500 and the fluid container 602 in the receptacle 501 of container holder 600. When container 502 is removed from container holder 500 while the frame is in the open position, container holder 500 is locked to frame 302. Container holder 500 can be locked to frame 302 either prior to or simultaneously with moving frame 302 to the open position.

[0110] In some embodiments, the fluid in the vessel 502 can be aspirated when the vessel holder 500 is positioned in the recess 636 of the frame 302 in the closed position. In such embodiments, the probe tip of the fluid transfer device 200 of the second module 400 can be inserted into the fluid vessel 502. The fluid transfer device 200 can then be used to aspirate at least a portion of the fluid in the fluid vessel 502, after which the probe tip of the fluid transfer device 200 can be withdrawn from the fluid vessel 502.

[0111] Although in some of the embodiments described above, vessel 502 is described as containing an elution buffer, vessel 502 may contain any desired reagent, including non-elution buffer reagents.

[0112] Although specific embodiments have been described above, as one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize, numerous variations of the disclosed embodiments are possible and therefore are within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

[Claim 1] A system, method, etc. as depicted in the drawings.

Images