Black pellet and method for producing the same

Abstract

To provide a technology for producing a fuel using a biomass feedstock.SOLUTION: A black pellet and a method for producing the same are disclosed. A method for producing a black pellet according to one embodiment comprises: a compression step of compressing a biomass feedstock; a volatile component removal step of removing a volatile component from a compressed product obtained in the compression step; a semi-carbonization step of semi-carbonizing the feedstock from which the volatile component has been removed in the volatile component removal step; a pulverization step of pulverizing a semi-carbonized product obtained in the semi-carbonization step; a mixing step of adding a combustion additive and a binder to a pulverized product obtained in the pulverization step and mixing them; and a pelletizing step of forming the mixture obtained in the mixing step into pellets.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to black pellets and a method for manufacturing the same.

Background Art

[0002] Since the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015, worldwide efforts have been continued to limit the rise in the average temperature of the earth. As part of such efforts, there is a movement to reduce the use of fossil fuels, which is one of the causes of global warming, and to use new renewable energy.

[0003] New renewable energy refers to energy that is obtained by converting existing fossil fuels or by converting renewable energy such as sunlight, water, geothermal heat, rainwater, and biological organisms for use. Different from fossil fuels, new renewable energy has the characteristics of being renewable and non-depleting, emits less pollutants and carbon dioxide, is environmentally friendly, and is relatively evenly distributed on the earth compared to fossil fuels. Among new renewable energies, forest biomass is carbon-neutral energy and is known as an environmentally friendly renewable energy that minimizes climate change and replaces fossil fuels. For example, wood pellets are made by compressing large sawdust from wood left after logging or forestry by-products that have not been contaminated by chemicals such as preservatives and paints to a certain size. In this regard, Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-0878051 discloses a technique for a method of manufacturing wood pellets.

[0004] Among new renewable energies, forest biomass is carbon-neutral energy and is known as an environmentally friendly renewable energy that minimizes climate change and replaces fossil fuels. For example, wood pellets are made by compressing large sawdust from wood left after logging or forestry by-products that have not been contaminated by chemicals such as preservatives and paints to a certain size. In this regard, Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-0878051 discloses a technique for a method of manufacturing wood pellets.

[0005] On the other hand, palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are obtained from palm fruits. Refers to the residue remaining after removing the fruit clusters of oil palm fruits for the production of palm oil and the like. Thus, This kind of palm empty fruit bunch, which is palm waste, is partly used as livestock feed or compost, but the unused part had to be incinerated or discarded.

[0006] By the way, palm empty fruit bunches are prone to spoilage because of their high moisture content. When palm empty fruit bunches spoil, there is a problem that methane gas, which is one of the greenhouse gases, is generated. However, due to various current regulations, it is difficult to incinerate palm empty fruit bunches, and there is a situation where it costs a great deal during waste treatment. Therefore, when looking from the aspects of resource recycling and the environment, the development of technologies that can utilize the discarded by-products as fuel is an urgent situation.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0007]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0008] The technical idea of the present invention is for solving the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a technology for manufacturing fuel using biomass raw materials.

[0009] Also, the technical idea of the present invention further aims to provide a technology for recycling by-products that were conventionally incinerated or discarded as fuel.

[0010] The problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned problems, and other technical problems not mentioned will be apparent to those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains from the content described later. will be understandable to.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0011] In order to achieve such an object, as one embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing black pellets includes a pressing step of pressing a biomass raw material, a volatile component removing step of removing volatile components from the pressed material pressed in the pressing step, a semi-carbonization step of semi-carbonizing the raw material from which the volatile components have been removed in the volatile component removing step, a pulverizing step of pulverizing the semi-carbonized product semi-carbonized in the semi-carbonization step, a mixing step of adding and mixing a combustion additive and a binder to the pulverized material pulverized in the pulverizing step, and a pelletizing step of forming the mixture mixed in the mixing step into pellets. In the volatile component removing step, an inert gas is injected into the chamber in which the pressed material is disposed to remove oxygen present in the chamber, and the pressed material is heat-treated at 200 to 300°C in a state where the oxygen is removed, and volatile components coming out of the pressed material can be discharged to the outside of the chamber. The biomass raw material can be at least one selected from wood by-products, palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), and palm kernel shells (PKS). The combustion additive is aluminosilicate, and the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate to the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate can be 0.65 to 1.85.

[0012]

[0013]

[0014]

[0015] ​​​​​​​​​​​​​To achieve the above object, in another embodiment of the present invention, the black pellet may be manufactured by the method for manufacturing the black pellet described above.

[0016] To achieve the above object, in still another embodiment of the present invention, the black pellet may contain a semi-carbonized product obtained by semi-carbonizing palm empty fruit bunches and an aluminosilicate salt mixed with the semi-carbonized product.

[0017] The ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate salt to the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate salt may be 0.65 to 1.85.

[0018] The calorific value of the black pellet may be 5500 cal / g to 7000 cal / g.

[0019] The black pellet has an atomic ratio of hydrogen to carbon of 0.8 to 1.6 and an atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon of 0.2 to 0.8.

[0020] The solutions to the above-described problems are merely exemplary and should not be construed as intending to limit the present invention. In addition to the above-described exemplary embodiments, additional embodiments may exist as described in the drawings and the detailed description of the invention.

Advantages of the Invention

[0021] As described above, according to various embodiments of the present invention, by manufacturing black pellets using biomass raw materials, it is possible to manufacture an environmentally friendly fuel with a high calorific value.

[0022] In addition, the black pellets according to various embodiments of the present invention can be mixed with coal in a coal-fired power plant. It is combustible and can be used as fuel even in a steelworks.

[0023] And according to various embodiments of the present invention, during the combustion of black pellets, an aluminosilicate, which is a combustion additive can react with specific components (for example, potassium, sodium, chlorine, etc.) contained in the biomass raw material to generate a high-melting-point substance. Therefore, the thermal imbalance inside the boiler, slagging and fouling phenomena, and corrosion problems caused by specific components present in the biomass raw material can be improved.

[0024] In particular, when manufacturing black pellets from palm empty fruit bunches, the cost of waste treatment of palm empty fruit bunches can be reduced, methane gas generated by the decay of palm empty fruit bunches can be reduced, and during the combustion of black pellets, potassium and chlorine components contained in the palm empty fruit bunches are converted into high-melting-point substances by aluminosilicate, thus contributing to the complete combustion of the fuel and preventing in advance the corrosion of the metal surface including the inner wall of the boiler.

[0025] The effects according to various embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understandable to those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0026]

Figure 1

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0027] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the accompanying drawings, but those already known​ For the technical parts that are already known, for the sake of brevity of description, they are omitted or compressed.

[0028] In this specification, references to "one" or "a" embodiment of the present invention are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and it should be noted that these mean at least one.

[0029] In the following embodiments, the singular forms include plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0030] In the following embodiments, terms such as "comprising" or "having" mean that the features or components described in the specification exist, and do not preclude the possibility of adding one or more other features or components.

[0031] If an embodiment can be realized otherwise, the specific process order can be carried out differently from the order of description. For example, two processes described consecutively can be carried out substantially simultaneously, or in an order opposite to the order of description. That is, each process of the method described in this specification can be appropriately carried out in any order unless otherwise mentioned in the specification or clearly contrary to the context.

[0032] The term "black pellet" as used in this specification refers to a pellet with a black color, which can be made black by a semi-carbonization process during pellet production.

[0033] The term "wood by-product" as used in this specification refers to those produced other than for the necessary uses when processing wood, and refers to the by-products inevitably generated during the process of processing wood. For example ​​​​​​​, The wood by-products can be waste wood, large sawdust or bark.

[0034] The method for manufacturing black pellets according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1, and will be described in order for convenience.

[0035] 1. Pressing process <s101>< / s101> In this step, the biomass raw material can be squeezed. For example, in this step, the biomass raw material is put into a squeezer, and by applying a certain pressure to squeeze the biomass raw material, the volume of the bio mass raw material can be reduced and the density can be increased.

[0036] According to one embodiment, the biomass raw material squeezed in this step can be at least one selected from wood by-products, palm empty fruit bunches and palm kernel shells. The bio mass raw material can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0037] 2. Volatile Component Removal Step <s102>< / s102> In this step, volatile components can be removed from the squeezed material squeezed in step S101 . According to one embodiment, the squeezed material is put into a chamber, and with the chamber sealed, the chamber control unit opens the inlet of the chamber for a certain time to inject an inert gas (for example, carbon dioxide as an example), and opens the outlet of the chamber to let the gas in the chamber flow out of the chamber to the outside, so that the oxygen present in the chamber can be removed.

[0038] Also, when the oxygen concentration in the chamber is below a preset value, the chamber control unit maintains the temperature inside the chamber at 200-300 °C to heat-treat the squeezed material, and the volatiles emitted from the squeezed material The volatile components can be discharged outside the chamber. Here, the volatile components can be removed from the squeezed material while evaporating as a gas when the squeezed material is heated to 200 °C or higher. They are components that can be removed from the squeezed material while evaporating as a gas when the squeezed material is heated to 200 °C or higher.

[0039] According to one embodiment, in this step, the chamber control unit maintains the temperature inside the chamber at 200 - 300 °C for 10 - 15 minutes, and then injects an inert gas into the inlet of the chamber and opens the outlet of the chamber, so that the volatile components remaining in the chamber can be discharged outside the chamber. When a certain amount of time has elapsed since the volatile components were discharged from the chamber, the chamber control unit can close the outlet of the chamber. After maintaining the temperature inside the chamber at 200 - 300 °C for 10 - 15 minutes, the chamber control unit injects an inert gas into the inlet of the chamber and opens the outlet of the chamber, so that the volatile components remaining in the chamber can be discharged outside the chamber. When a certain amount of time has elapsed since the volatile components were discharged from the chamber, the chamber control unit can close the outlet of the chamber. After maintaining the temperature inside the chamber at 200 - 300 °C for 10 - 15 minutes, the chamber control unit injects an inert gas into the inlet of the chamber and opens the outlet of the chamber, so that the volatile components remaining in the chamber can be discharged outside the chamber. When a certain amount of time has elapsed since the volatile components were discharged from the chamber, the chamber control unit can close the outlet of the chamber. When a certain amount of time has elapsed since the volatile components were discharged from the chamber, the chamber control unit can close the outlet of the chamber. When a certain amount of time has elapsed since the volatile components were discharged from the chamber, the chamber control unit can close the outlet of the chamber.

[0040] 3. Semi-carbonization process <s103>< / s103> In this step, the raw material from which the volatile components were removed in step S102 can be semi-carbonized. For example, in this step, the chamber control unit can turn the raw material into semi-carbonized material by maintaining the temperature inside the chamber at 300 - 400 °C for 20 - 30 minutes in a state where the inside of the chamber is in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere. Here, the oxygen-free atmosphere or low-oxygen atmosphere means a state where the oxygen concentration in the chamber is below a preset value (or a state of an inert atmosphere where substantially no oxygen exists) by supplying an inert gas into the chamber at a certain flow rate. In this step, the raw material from which the volatile components were removed in step S102 can be semi-carbonized. For example, in this step, the chamber control unit can turn the raw material into semi-carbonized material by maintaining the temperature inside the chamber at 300 - 400 °C for 20 - 30 minutes in a state where the inside of the chamber is in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere. Here, the oxygen-free atmosphere or low-oxygen atmosphere means a state where the oxygen concentration in the chamber is below a preset value (or a state of an inert atmosphere where substantially no oxygen exists) by supplying an inert gas into the chamber at a certain flow rate. In this step, the raw material from which the volatile components were removed in step S102 can be semi-carbonized. For example, in this step, the chamber control unit can turn the raw material into semi-carbonized material by maintaining the temperature inside the chamber at 300 - 400 °C for 20 - 30 minutes in a state where the inside of the chamber is in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere. Here, the oxygen-free atmosphere or low-oxygen atmosphere means a state where the oxygen concentration in the chamber is below a preset value (or a state of an inert atmosphere where substantially no oxygen exists) by supplying an inert gas into the chamber at a certain flow rate. In this step, the raw material from which the volatile components were removed in step S102 can be semi-carbonized. For example, in this step, the chamber control unit can turn the raw material into semi-carbonized material by maintaining the temperature inside the chamber at 300 - 400 °C for 20 - 30 minutes in a state where the inside of the chamber is in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere. Here, the oxygen-free atmosphere or low-oxygen atmosphere means a state where the oxygen concentration in the chamber is below a preset value (or a state of an inert atmosphere where substantially no oxygen exists) by supplying an inert gas into the chamber at a certain flow rate. In this step, the raw material from which the volatile components were removed in step S102 can be semi-carbonized. For example, in this step, the chamber control unit can turn the raw material into semi-carbonized material by maintaining the temperature inside the chamber at 300 - 400 °C for 20 - 30 minutes in a state where the inside of the chamber is in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere. Here, the oxygen-free atmosphere or low-oxygen atmosphere means a state where the oxygen concentration in the chamber is below a preset value (or a state of an inert atmosphere where substantially no oxygen exists) by supplying an inert gas into the chamber at a certain flow rate. In this step, the raw material from which the volatile components were removed in step S102 can be semi-carbonized. For example, in this step, the chamber control unit can turn the raw material into semi-carbonized material by maintaining the temperature inside the chamber at 300 - 400 °C for 20 - 30 minutes in a state where the inside of the chamber is in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere. Here, the oxygen-free atmosphere or low-oxygen atmosphere means a state where the oxygen concentration in the chamber is below a preset value (or a state of an inert atmosphere where substantially no oxygen exists) by supplying an inert gas into the chamber at a certain flow rate. In this step, the raw material from which the volatile components were removed in step S102 can be semi-carbonized. For example, in this step, the chamber control unit can turn the raw material into semi-carbonized material by maintaining the temperature inside the chamber at 300 - 400 °C for 20 - 30 minutes in a state where the inside of the chamber is in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere. Here, the oxygen-free atmosphere or low-oxygen atmosphere means a state where the oxygen concentration in the chamber is below a preset value (or a state of an inert atmosphere where substantially no oxygen exists) by supplying an inert gas into the chamber at a certain flow rate.

[0041] According to one specific example, the chamber control unit opens the inlet of the chamber for a certain period of time to inject an inert gas (for example, carbon dioxide), and opens the outlet of the chamber to let the gas inside the chamber flow out of the chamber, so as to remove the oxygen present in the chamber. According to one specific example, the chamber control unit opens the inlet of the chamber for a certain period of time to inject an inert gas (for example, carbon dioxide), and opens the outlet of the chamber to let the gas inside the chamber flow out of the chamber, so as to remove the oxygen present in the chamber. According to one specific example, the chamber control unit opens the inlet of the chamber for a certain period of time to inject an inert gas (for example, carbon dioxide), and opens the outlet of the chamber to let the gas inside the chamber flow out of the chamber, so as to remove the oxygen present in the chamber. ​Then, the oxygen concentration is adjusted to be equal to or lower than a preset value, and only when the oxygen concentration is equal to or lower than the preset value, the temperature inside the chamber is maintained at 300 to 400 °C for 20 to 30 minutes to perform the semi-carbonization process can be carried out.

[0042] 4. Crushing process <s104>< / s104> In this step, the semi-carbonized product semi-carbonized in step S103 can be pulverized. For example in this step, the semi-carbonized product is put into a pulverizer and pulverized so that the semi-carbonized product becomes particles having a certain average particle size range (for example , 0.1 to 5 mm).

[0043] 5. Hybrid Engineering <s105>< / s105> In this step, a combustion additive and a binder can be added to the pulverized product pulverized in step S104 and mixed. In one embodiment, the combustion additive can be an aluminosilicate (alumin osilicate). In this specification, aluminosilicate means a combination of alum (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2). According to one embodiment, the a luminosilicate can have a structure in which the number of silicon (Si) elements is 1 to 5 per aluminum (Al) element.

[0044] In one embodiment, the content of aluminosilicate is 0.1 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the pulverized product (for example, 0.1 part by weight, 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight , 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight or 10 parts by weight) can be applied.

[0045] Non-limiting examples of the binder to be added in this step include myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid or castor oil. According to one embodiment, the input amount of the binder is 0.1 to 15 parts by weight (for example, 0.1 part by weight, 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight or 15 parts by weight) can be applied per 100 parts by weight of the pulverized material. In this step, the mixture mixed in step S105 can be made into pellets. According to one embodiment, the mixture mixed in step S105 is put into a pelletizing machine to produce pellets with a diameter of 4 to 10 mm and a length of 50 to 70 mm. According to one specific

[0046] 6. Pelletization process <s106>< / s106> example, the mixture put into the pelletizing machine is extruded to have a diameter of 4 to 10 mm, and the extrudate can be cut to a certain length to produce pellets. Of course, the diameter and length of the pellets produced in this step can also be adjusted as needed.

[0047] <Explanation of black pellets according to one embodiment> The black pellets according to one embodiment are produced by mixing semi-carbonized products and aluminosilicates and pelletizing. The black pellets can include semi-carbonized products obtained by semi-carbonizing palm empty fruit bunches, and aluminosilicates mixed

[0048] with the semi-carbonized products. The aluminosilicates according to one embodiment can have a specific surface area of 100 to 180 m 2 / g as measured according to the regulations of the International Organization for Standardization ISO 9277:2010. As a specific example, the specific surface area of the 2 aluminosilicates can be 100 m 2 / g, 110 m 2 / g, 120 m m 2 / g, 140 m 2 / g, 150 m 2 / g, 160 m 2 / g, 170 m 2 / g or 1 80 m 2 / g can be applied. Also, the specific surface area of the aluminosilicate can be within the range of one or more of the above values and one or less of the above values.

[0049] For example, the specific surface area range of the aluminosilicate is 100 m 2 / g to 140 m 2 / g, 105 m 2 / g to 135 m 2 / g, 110 m 2 / g to 130 m 2 / g, 115 m 2 / g to 135 m 2 / g, 120 m 2 / g to 150 m 2 / g, 125 m 2 / g to 145 m 2 / g, 100 m 2 / g to 150 m 2 / g or 100 m 2 / g to 180 m 2 / g can be. In one embodiment The upper limit of the specific surface area of the aluminosilicate is not particularly limited. For example, it can be 300 m 2 / g or less, 250 m 2 / g or less, 200 m 2 / g or less, 180 m 2 / g or less or 150 m 2 / g or less can be.

[0050] When producing black pellets using biomass raw materials such as wood by-products, palm empty fruit bunches, and palm kernel shells, due to the characteristics of the biomass raw materials, they can contain a part of alkali components (e.g., K, Na, K2O, Na2O, etc.) or chlorine (Cl). ​​

[0051] When the black pellets burn, the alkali components released from the biomass raw material adhere to the inner wall of the boiler, heat exchange parts, etc., causing slagging and fouling phenomena and the chlorine released from the biomass raw material reacts with the alkali components at high temperatures to form chlorides (e.g., KCl, NaCl, etc.), which may corrode the metal inside the boiler. However, in one embodiment, by mixing aluminosilicate with the biomass raw material to produce black pellets, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of slagging and fouling phenomena during the combustion of the black pellets and improve the corrosion problem of the boiler (e.g., KCl, NaCl, etc.), which may corrode the metal inside the boiler. However, in one embodiment, by mixing aluminosilicate with the biomass raw material to produce black pellets, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of slagging and fouling phenomena during the combustion of the black pellets and improve the corrosion problem of the boiler In one embodiment, by mixing aluminosilicate with the biomass raw material to produce black pellets, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of slagging and fouling phenomena during the combustion of the black pellets and improve the corrosion problem of the boiler In one embodiment, by mixing aluminosilicate with the biomass raw material to produce black pellets, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of slagging and fouling phenomena during the combustion of the black pellets and improve the corrosion problem of the boiler In one embodiment, by mixing aluminosilicate with the biomass raw material to produce black pellets, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of slagging and fouling phenomena during the combustion of the black pellets and improve the corrosion problem of the boiler

[0052] According to one embodiment, the larger the specific surface area value of the aluminosilicate, the easier it is to adsorb the alkali components and chlorides generated during the combustion of the black pellets, and the metal corrosion, slagging and fouling phenomena can be effectively suppressed. When the specific surface area of the aluminosilicate is less than 1 00 m / g, the efficiency of physically adsorbing and collecting the alkali components and chlorides generated during the combustion of the black pellets decreases, so the slagging and fouling phenomena 2 cannot be sufficiently controlled, and there is a risk that chlorides will adhere to the inside of the boiler and corrode the metal parts cannot be sufficiently controlled, and there is a risk that chlorides will adhere to the inside of the boiler and corrode the metal parts cannot be sufficiently controlled, and there is a risk that chlorides will adhere to the inside of the boiler and corrode the metal parts

[0053] And in one embodiment, the average particle size of the aluminosilicate can be applied in the range of 20 - 500 μm Specific examples include that the average particle size of the aluminosilicate can be 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm ​200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350 μm, 400 μm, 450 μm or 5 00 μm can be applied. Of course, depending on the implementation, the average particle size of the aluminosilicate can also be adjusted and used differently according to the combustion situation.

[0054] In one embodiment, the aluminosilicate can contain silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide . The aluminosilicate according to one embodiment can also contain inevitable impurities as the remaining amount excluding silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide .

[0055] According to one embodiment, the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate can be 20 - 60 wt% based on the total weight of the aluminosilicate. As a specific example , the content of aluminum oxide can be 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 4 0 wt%, 45 wt%, 50 wt%, 55 wt% or 60 wt%. Also, the content of aluminum oxide can be one or more of the above values and one or less of the above values . For example, the content range of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate can be 20 wt% - 3 0 wt%, 30 wt% - 40 wt%, 35 wt% - 45 wt%, 40 wt% - 50 wt%

[0056] or 20 wt% - 60 wt%. Aluminum oxide according to one embodiment can effectively control the alkali components and chlorides contained in the biomass raw material within the above range . If the aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is outside the range of 20 - 60 wt% , when the black pellets are burned, the alkali components released from the biomass raw material can be effectively controlled.

[0057] When the aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is outside the range of 20 - 60 wt%, during the combustion of the black pellets, the alkali components released from the biomass raw material ​ and it is not easy to effectively control chlorides.

[0058] In one embodiment, the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate can be applied in an amount of 40 to 80% by weight based on the total weight of the aluminosilicate. As a specific example, the content of silicon dioxide can be 40% by weight, 45% by weight, 50% by weight, 55% by weight, 60% by weight, 65% by weight , 70% by weight, 75% by weight or 80% by weight. Also, the content of silicon dioxide can be one or more of the above values and one or less of the above values.

[0059] For example, the content range of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate can be 40% by weight to 50% by weight , 50% by weight to 60% by weight, 55% by weight to 65% by weight, 60% by weight to 70% by weight, 55 % by weight to 70% by weight or 40% by weight to 80% by weight. The silicon dioxide according to one embodiment can effectively control the alkali components and chlorides contained in the biomass raw material within the above range. If the silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate is outside the range of 40 to 80% by weight , it is not easy to effectively control the alkali components and chlorides released from the biomass raw material during the combustion of the black pellets.

[0060] According to one embodiment, when the black pellets burn, the aluminosilicate chemically reacts with the alkali components and chlorides contained in the biomass raw material, so that the alkali components and chlorides released from the biomass raw material can be converted into at least one of calcilite (KAlSiO4) and leucite (KAlSi2O6).

[0061] ​​​That is, the alkali components and chlorides generated during the combustion of black pellets react with aluminosilicate salts to be converted into calcite with a melting point of 1600 °C or higher or into leucite with a melting point of 1500 °C or higher. Therefore, conventionally, problems such as slagging, fouling, and condensation generated by the melting of alkali components in the boiler can be improved, and the problem of metal corrosion caused by chlorides can be prevented.

[0062] On the other hand, according to one embodiment, the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate to the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate can be 0.65 to 1.85. In one specific example, if the silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate is 48 parts by weight and the aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is 42 parts by weight, the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate to the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate can be 1.14 .

[0063] As a specific example, the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate to the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate can be 0.65, 0.66, 0.67, 0. 68, 0.69, 0.7, 0.71, 0.72, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, 0.7 6, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79, 0.8, 0.81, 0.82, 0.84, 0.86 , 0.88, 0.9, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, 1, 1.01, 1.02, 1.03, 1.04, 1.0 5, 1.06, 1.07, 1.08, 1.09, 1.1, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13 , 1.14, 1.15, 1.16, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19, 1.2, 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24, 1.25, 1.26, 1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.3, 1.31, 1.32, 1.34, 1.36, 1.38, 1.4, 1.42, 1. 44, 1.46, 1.48, 1.5, 1.51, 1.52, 1.53, 1.54, 1.5 5, 1.56, 1.57, 1.58, 1.59, 1.6, 1.61, 1.62, 1.63 , 1.64, 1.65, 1.66, 1.67, 1.68, 1.69, 1.7, 1.71, 1.72, 1.73, 1.74, 1.75, 1.76, 1.77, 1.78, 1.79, It can be 1.8, 1.81, 1.82, 1.83, 1.84 or 1.85. Also, the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate to the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate can be within the range of one or more of the above values and one or less of the above values. It can be within the range.

[0064] For example, the range of the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate to the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate can be 0.65 - 1.85, 0.78 - 1.2, 0.58 - 1.2, 0.98 - 1.2, 0.9 - 1.2, 0.9 - 1.3, 1 - 1.2, 1 - 1.4, 1.18 - 1.58, 1.2 - 1.58, 1.38 - 1.58 or 0.7 8 - 1.58. According to one embodiment, when the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is applied within the above range, the slagging and fouling phenomena caused by the alkaline components of the biomass raw material can be effectively suppressed.

[0065] If the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate is divided by the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate, When the ratio divided by the aluminum content is outside the range of 0.65 to 1.85, bio reacts with the alkali components released from the mass raw materials, and the efficiency of generating high melting point substances (for example, calcilite, lu -site, etc.) decreases, so it is not easy to prevent slagging and fouling phenomena.

[0066] According to one specific example, using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, the weights of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate can be confirmed. Therefore, the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate divided by the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate can be calculated.

[0067] On the other hand, when the aluminosilicate according to one embodiment is heated from 400 °C to 800 °C, the weight loss rate may be 5% or less, 4.5% or less, 4% or less, 3.5% or less, 3% or less, 2.5% or less , 2% or less, 1.5% or less, 1% or less, 0.9% or less, 0.8% or less, 0.7% or less, 0 .6% or less, 0.5% or less, 0.4% or less, 0.3% or less, 0.2% or less, or 0.1% or less. For example, when heated from 400 °C to 800 °C at a rate of 10 °C per minute, the weight loss rate of the aluminosilicate may be 5% or less. Here, the weight loss rate of the aluminosilicate can be calculated by the following formula 1.

[0068] [Equation 1] Weight loss rate of aluminosilicate (%) = (A - B) / A * 100 (where A is the weight of the aluminosilicate at 400 °C and B is the weight of the aluminosilicate at 800 °C)

[0069] The lower limit of the weight loss rate of the aluminosilicate according to one embodiment is not particularly limited. For example,​​​​​​​ It can be 0.001% or more, 0.01% or more, or 0.05% or more.

[0070] The aluminosilicate according to one embodiment is different from kaolin (e.g., kaolinite, halloysite, etc.) and does not contain crystal water in the aluminosilicate. Therefore, there is almost no phenomenon that the total weight of the aluminosilicate decreases due to the evaporation of crystal water at high temperature, and the weight loss rate is 5% or less at 400 to 800 °C. In contrast, for kaolin, although the specific surface area value may become larger than that at normal temperature as the crystal water contained therein evaporates at 400 to 800 °C, it is difficult for the specific surface area of kaolin to increase until the temperature at which the crystal water evaporates is reached. Therefore, it is difficult to quickly adsorb and remove the alkali components caused by the biomass raw materials. However, the aluminosilicate according to one embodiment does not contain crystal water inside, and can maintain a specific surface area (e.g., 100 to 180 m² / g) at a level similar to that at normal temperature (e.g., 20 to 25 °C) even at 400 to 800 °C. Therefore, it can adsorb and remove the alkali components more quickly than kaolin. In one embodiment, the calorific value of the black pellets can be 5500 cal / g to 7000 cal / g.

[0071] Specific examples include 5500 cal / g, 5600 cal / g, 5700 cal / g, 5800 cal / g, 5900 cal / g, 6000 cal / g, 6100 cal / g, 6200 cal / g, 6300 cal / g, 6400 cal / g, 6500 cal / g, 6600 cal / g, 6700 cal / g, etc.

[0072]

[0073] 2 ​​​​​​​​​​​​​800 cal / g, 6900 cal / g or 7000 cal / g can be applied. Also, the calorific value of the black pellets can be within the range of one or more of the above values and one or less of the above values.

[0074] For example, the calorific value range of the black pellets can be 5500 cal / g to 7000 cal / g, 6000 cal / g to 7000 cal / g, 5500 cal / g to 6000 cal / g or 6500 cal / g to 7000 cal / g. The black pellets according to one embodiment exhibit excellent combustion efficiency within the above calorific value range. If the calorific value of the black pellets is less than 5 500 cal / g, the combustion efficiency will decrease. If one tries to produce black pellets with a calorific value exceeding 7000 cal / g, there will be problems such as a complicated process and an increase in manufacturing cost.

[0075] The black pellets according to one embodiment can have an atomic ratio of hydrogen to carbon (atomic H / C ratio) of 0.8 to 1.6. As a specific example, the atomic ratio of hydrogen to carbon of the black pellets can be 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 or 1.6. Also, the atomic ratio of hydrogen to carbon of the black pellets can be within the range of one or more of the above values and one or less of the above values.

[0076] For example, the atomic ratio of hydrogen to carbon of the black pellets can be in the range of 0.8 to 1.6, 0.8 to 1, 1 to 1.6, 1 to 1.5, 0.9 to 1.3 or 1 to 1.4. When the atomic ratio of hydrogen to carbon of the black pellets according to one embodiment is within the above range, it exhibits excellent combustion efficiency. If the atomic ratio of hydrogen to carbon of the black pellets is less than 0.8, ​Although the combustion efficiency is excellent, the pellet manufacturing process becomes complicated, and there is a risk of increasing the manufacturing cost. And if the atomic ratio exceeds 1.6, the combustion efficiency may decrease.

[0077] The black pellet according to one embodiment may have an atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon (atomic O / C ratio) of 0.2 to 0.8. As a specific example, the atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon in the black pellet may be 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 or 0.8. Also, the atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon in the black pellet may be within the range of one or more of the above numerical values and one or less of the above numerical values. For example, the atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon in the black pellet may be in the range of 0.2 to 0.8, 0.3 to

[0078] 0.7, 0.4 to 0.6 or 0.2 to 0.5. When the atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon in the black pellet according to one embodiment is within the above range, excellent combustion efficiency is exhibited. If the atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon in the black pellet is less than 0.2, the combustion efficiency is excellent but the pellet manufacturing process becomes complicated and there is a risk of increasing the manufacturing cost. If the atomic ratio is 0. If the atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon in the black pellet is less than 0.2, the combustion efficiency is excellent but the pellet manufacturing process becomes complicated and there is a risk of increasing the manufacturing cost. If the atomic ratio exceeds 0. 8, the combustion efficiency may decrease.

[0079] And in one embodiment, the atomic ratio (atomic H / C ratio and atomic O / C ratio) of the black pellet can be quantitatively measured by an elemental analyzer (as an example, Flash-EA1112 of Thermo Scientific). It can be done.

[0080] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on specific examples and experimental examples. The following Examples and experimental examples are merely illustrative for helping understand the present invention, and the scope of rights of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0081] Manufacture of black pellets by example and comparative example <Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2> After putting 1000 kg of palm empty fruit bunches into a press for pressing, the pressed material was put into a chamber. The chamber was sealed, and carbon dioxide, an inert gas, was injected through the inlet of the chamber at a flow rate of 1000 sccm, and the outlet was opened for 10 minutes to discharge the gas in the chamber to the outside of the chamber. With the inside of the chamber maintained in a carbon dioxide atmosphere (oxygen-free condition), the temperature inside the chamber was set to 200 to 300 °C for 10 to 15 minutes to heat-treat the pressed material. When the heat treatment was completed, carbon dioxide was injected into the inlet of the chamber at a flow rate of 1000 sccm, and the outlet of the chamber was opened to discharge the volatile components remaining in the chamber to the outside of the chamber for 10 minutes. Then, with the inside of the chamber in a carbon dioxide atmosphere, the temperature inside the chamber was maintained at 300 to 400 °C for 20 to 30 minutes to convert the raw material into semi-carbonized material, and the semi-carbonized material was put into a pulverizer and pulverized into particles of 0.1 to 5 mm. Thereafter, 100 kg of the pulverized material, 10 kg of aluminosilicate, and 10 kg of a binder (myristic acid) were mixed in a stirrer and stirred at 300 rpm for 10 hours. After the stirring was completed, the mixture was put into a pellet molding machine to produce black pellets with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 5 to 7 cm.

[0082] During the production of the black pellets, the weights of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide of the aluminosilicate according to the examples and comparative examples charged into the stirrer were measured by an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (ZSX Primus II of Rigaku Corporation). Measured with SX Primus II), and the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate divided by the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate was calculated and described in Table 1 below. The ratio obtained by dividing the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate by the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate was calculated and described in Table 1 below. described.

[0083]

Table 1

[0084] Experiment on suppressing slagging and fouling of black pellets by example and comparative example <Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2> Examples and comparative examples were added to a pilot test machine that modeled a circulating fluidized bed boiler in a thermal power plant. By introducing and burning another black pellet, the slagging and fouling inhibitory ability was compared. The black pellet was introduced into the test machine at a rate of 2.5 kg / hr for 3 hours. During the pilot test, the average temperatures of the combustion furnace and the measurement load cell were maintained at 850 °C and 600 °C, respectively. After the test was completed, the change in weight of the load cell was measured, and the weights of the slagging and fouling (i.e., the state where the alkali components contained in the biomass raw material melted and adhered to the surface of the load cell together with ash particles and solidified) formed on the surface of the load cell were measured, and the results were described in Table 2. After the test was completed, the change in weight of the load cell was measured, and the weights of the slagging and fouling (i.e., the state where the alkali components contained in the biomass raw material melted and adhered to the surface of the load cell together with ash particles and solidified) formed on the surface of the load cell were measured, and the results were described in Table 2. formed on the surface of the load cell were measured, and the results were described in Table 2. The alkali components contained in the biomass raw material melted and adhered to the surface of the load cell together with ash particles and solidified) were measured, and the results were described in Table 2. The results were described in Table 2.

[0085]

Table 2

[0086] Referring to Table 2, in Examples 1 to 5 where the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate divided by the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is in the range of 0.65 to 1.85, the occurrence of slagging and fouling phenomena is relatively compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2. less. It can be seen that there is little. That is, the black pellets according to Examples 1 to 5 effectively control the alkali components contained in the biomass raw material during combustion to suppress slagging and fouling ring phenomena, and prevent the alkali components from reacting with chlorine to form chlorides, so that chlorides adhere to the inner wall of the boiler and metal parts to cause corrosion can be prevented.

[0087] Measurement of specific surface area by BET method <Examples 1 to 5> After pre-treating 0.1 g of the aluminosilicate sample introduced into each example at 100 °C to remove the surface water in the sample tube, using the BELSORP-max I I instrument of MicrotracBEL Co., Ltd., the specific surface area of each sample was measured three times in total according to the standard analysis method ISO 9277:2010, and the average value was described in Table 3 below.

[0088]

Table 3

[0089] Measurement of weight loss rate <Examples 1 to 5> 200 mg of the aluminosilicate sample used in each example was put into a thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter (SDT Q600 of TA Instruments), and the temperature was raised from room temperature (25 °C) to 1,000 °C at a rate of 10 °C per minute, and the weight of the aluminosilicate at 400 °C and 800 °C was measured. The weight loss rate for each sample was calculated by the above-mentioned formula 1, and the results were described in Table 4 below.

[0090]

Table 4

[0091] As described above, according to various embodiments of the present invention, by producing black pellets using biomass raw materials, it is possible to produce an environmentally friendly fuel with a high calorific value.

[0092] In addition, the black pellets according to various embodiments of the present invention can be co-fired with coal in a coal-fired power plant and can also be utilized as fuel in a steel mill.

[0093] And, according to various embodiments of the present invention, during the combustion of black pellets, aluminosilicate, which is a combustion additive, reacts with specific components (for example, potassium, sodium, chlorine, etc.) contained in the biomass raw material to generate a high melting point substance. Therefore, it is possible to improve the thermal imbalance inside the boiler, slagging, fouling phenomenon, and corrosion problems caused by specific components present in the biomass raw material.

[0094] In particular, when producing black pellets from palm empty fruit bunches, it is possible to reduce the cost of waste treatment of palm empty fruit bunches, reduce methane gas generated by the decay of palm empty fruit bunches, and when the black pellets are burned, potassium, chlorine components, etc. contained in the palm empty fruit bunches are converted into high melting point substances by aluminosilicate, thus contributing to the complete combustion of the fuel and preventing the corrosion of the metal surface including the inner wall of the boiler in advance.

[0095] And, according to various embodiments of the present invention, by removing the volatile components of the pressed material through a volatile component removal process before the semi-carbonization process, the time and energy required for the semi-carbonization treatment can be reduced. It is possible. Further, since carbon dioxide can be injected into the chamber during the volatile component removal step and the semi-carbonization step to make the inside of the chamber an oxygen-free condition, compared with using other inert gases (for example, nitrogen, argon), semi-carbonization treatment can be performed at low cost. Also, according to various embodiments of the present invention, by controlling the alkali components contained in the biomass raw material without using kaolin, slagging and fouling caused by the alkali components can be suppressed. Moreover, according to various embodiments of the present invention, since the weight loss rate of the aluminosilicate mixed with the semi-carbonized product is small at high temperatures, it is easy to set the input amount of the aluminosilicate, and there is little loss due to ignition loss. Therefore, even a relatively small amount compared to kaolin can control the alkali components. It is possible.

[0096] In addition, according to various embodiments of the present invention, since the aluminosilicate does not contain crystal water, it is not necessary to heat-treat the aluminosilicate at a high temperature of 400 to 800 °C. Even at room temperature (for example, 20 to 25 °C), a specific surface area of about 100 to 180 m² / g can be maintained. Due to the large specific surface area, the alkali components that melt and come out during the combustion of the black pellets can be physically adsorbed and removed, so that slagging and fouling phenomena can be prevented. If the aluminosilicate contains crystal water, the specific surface area of the aluminosilicate may increase only by heat-treating it at a high temperature to remove the crystal water. However, in the present invention, it is possible to suppress the slagging and fouling phenomena by controlling the alkali components contained in the biomass raw material without using kaolin.

[0097] Furthermore, according to various embodiments of the present invention, since the aluminosilicate mixed with the semi-carbonized product has a small weight loss rate at high temperatures, it is easy to set the input amount of the aluminosilicate, and there is little loss due to ignition loss. Therefore, even a relatively small amount compared to kaolin can control the alkali components. Moreover, according to various embodiments of the present invention, since the aluminosilicate does not contain crystal water, it is not necessary to heat-treat the aluminosilicate at a high temperature of 400 to 800 °C. Even at room temperature (for example, 20 to 25 °C), a specific surface area of about 100 to 180 m² / g can be maintained. Due to the large specific surface area, the alkali components that melt and come out during the combustion of the black pellets can be physically adsorbed and removed, so that slagging and fouling phenomena can be prevented. it is possible to suppress the slagging and fouling phenomena by controlling the alkali components contained in the biomass raw material without using kaolin. it is possible.

[0098] Also, according to various embodiments of the present invention, since the aluminosilicate does not contain crystal water, it is not necessary to heat-treat the aluminosilicate at a high temperature of 400 to 800 °C. Even at room temperature (for example, 20 to 25 °C), a specific surface area of about 100 to 180 m² / g can be maintained. Due to the large specific surface area, the alkali components that melt and come out during the combustion of the black pellets can be physically adsorbed and removed, so that slagging and fouling phenomena can be prevented. Moreover, according to various embodiments of the present invention, since the aluminosilicate does not contain crystal water, it is not necessary to heat-treat the aluminosilicate at a high temperature of 400 to 800 °C. Even at room temperature (for example, 20 to 25 °C), a specific surface area of about 100 to 180 m² / g can be maintained. Due to the large specific surface area, the alkali components that melt and come out during the combustion of the black pellets can be physically adsorbed and removed, so that slagging and fouling phenomena can be prevented. 5 °C), a specific surface area of about 100 to 180 m² / g can be maintained. 2 Due to the large specific surface area, the alkali components that melt and come out during the combustion of the black pellets can be physically adsorbed and removed, so that slagging and fouling phenomena can be prevented. Moreover, according to various embodiments of the present invention, since the aluminosilicate does not contain crystal water, it is not necessary to heat-treat the aluminosilicate at a high temperature of 400 to 800 °C. Even at room temperature (for example, 20 to 25 °C), a specific surface area of about 100 to 180 m² / g can be maintained. Due to the large specific surface area, the alkali components that melt and come out during the combustion of the black pellets can be physically adsorbed and removed, so that slagging and fouling phenomena can be prevented. it is possible to suppress the slagging and fouling phenomena by controlling the alkali components contained in the biomass raw material without using kaolin.

[0099] If the aluminosilicate contains crystal water, the specific surface area of the aluminosilicate may increase only by heat-treating it at a high temperature to remove the crystal water. However, in the present invention, it is possible to suppress the slagging and fouling phenomena by controlling the alkali components contained in the biomass raw material without using kaolin. According to various embodiments, the specific surface area value of the aluminosilicate is high without separately removing the water of crystallization, and thus, when the black pellets are burned, there is an advantage that the alkali component can be controlled by a rapid adsorption reaction.

[0100] As described above, the specific description of the present invention has been disclosed based on the embodiments, but the above-described embodiments merely illustrate preferred examples of the present invention, and it should not be understood that the present invention is limited only to the said embodiments. The scope of the rights of the present invention should be understood as the scope of the claims described later and its equivalent concept.

Claims

1. A squeezing step of squeezing a biomass raw material, A volatile component removing step of removing volatile components from the squeezed material squeezed in the squeezing step, A semi-carbonization step of semi-carbonizing the raw material from which the volatile components have been removed in the volatile component removing step, and A pulverizing step of pulverizing the semi-carbonized material semi-carbonized in the semi-carbonization step, A mixing step of adding and mixing a combustion additive and a binder to the pulverized material pulverized in the pulverizing step, and A pelletizing step of forming the mixture mixed in the mixing step into pellets, A method for producing black pellets, characterized by including the above steps.

2. In the volatile component removing step, an inert gas is injected into the chamber in which the squeezed material is disposed, and the squeezed material is heat-treated at 200 to 300 °C in a state where oxygen present in the chamber is removed, and volatile components emitted from the squeezed material are discharged to the outside of the chamber. The method for producing black pellets according to Claim 1, characterized in that.

3. The biomass raw material is at least one selected from wood by-products, empty fruit bunches (EFB), and palm kernel shells (PKS). The method for producing black pellets according to Claim 1, characterized in that.

4. The combustion additive is aluminosilicate, and the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate to the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is 0.65 to 1.

85. The method for producing black pellets according to Claim 1, characterized in that.

5. Black pellets produced by the production method according to any one of Claims 1 to 4

6. A black pellet characterized by including semi-carbonized material obtained by semi-carbonizing an empty fruit bunch of palm, and aluminosilicate mixed with the semi-carbonized material.

7. The ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate to the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is 0.65 to 1.

85. The black pellet according to Claim 6, characterized in that.

8. The calorific value of the black pellet is 5500 cal / g to 7000 cal / g. The black pellet according to Claim 6, characterized in that. 。

9. The black pellet has an atomic ratio of hydrogen to carbon of 0.8 to 1.6, and carbon to ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The black pellet according to claim 6, characterized in that the atomic ratio of oxygen thereto is 0.2 to 0.

8. Pellet.

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