Battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device and battery

Abstract

This application provides a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device and a battery, mainly solving the problem that a safety hazard is caused by high-temperature smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke generated after the thermal runaway of the battery to improve the safety of the battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of batteries, and specifically to a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device and a battery.

Background Art

[0002] The application fields of lithium-ion batteries are very wide. In recent years, with the further development of lithium-ion batteries in the field of power storage, attention has also been focused on the safe use of lithium-ion batteries. Due to its principle and structural characteristics, during repeated use, a large amount of heat is often generated due to heat generation caused by internal resistance in lithium-ion batteries, and the heat gradually increases. If the accumulated heat is not effectively released, the temperature will further rise. When the temperature reaches the limit, the thermal balance of the battery is destroyed, a series of self-heating side reactions are caused, a large amount of combustible gas is generated, and the "thermal runaway" phenomenon occurs. The main components of the thermal runaway gas of the battery are various combustible gases such as CO, H 2 , hydrocarbons, and acidic gases such as HF, HCN, HCL, PF 5 etc., and there is also vapor of the electrolyte. The above-mentioned thermal runaway smoke may lead to ignition inside the battery, and in serious cases, it may cause an explosion, posing a safety hazard.

[0003] CN114597537A provides a battery module structure including a plurality of exhaust passages, a simulation plate, and a power storage unit. The plurality of exhaust passages are provided independently of each other at the bottom of the lower housing. The simulation plate is fixedly connected to the lower housing and closes the plurality of exhaust passages. The simulation plate includes a plurality of heat dissipation holes for communicating the exhaust passages. The power storage unit is fixedly connected to the simulation plate and includes a plurality of cells corresponding one-to-one to the plurality of heat dissipation holes. In this battery module structure, the exhaust passages provided independently of each other at the bottom of the lower housing can direct the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the thermal runaway of the cell. Although this structure can direct the discharge of thermal runaway gas, the discharged thermal runaway smoke pollutes the environment, and there is also a possibility of secondary explosion caused by the high-temperature thermal runaway gas, and there is still a certain safety hazard.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] This application provides a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device and a battery to solve the problem that the high-temperature smoke generated by battery thermal runaway causes safety hazards.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] The technical solution of this application to achieve the above object is as follows.

[0006] This application provides a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device for treating the thermal runaway smoke generated after the thermal runaway of a battery. Specifically, this application provides battery thermal runaway smoke treatment devices in the following several forms.

[0007] The above battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit. The cooling unit includes N cooling cans connected in series in sequence. In each cooling can, a cooling passage through which a coolant passes and a smoke passage through which battery thermal runaway smoke passes are provided. Also, in the cooling can, a cooling inlet and a cooling outlet communicating with the cooling passage, and a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet communicating with the smoke passage are provided. N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The adsorption unit includes M adsorption cans connected in series in sequence. Each adsorption can is filled with an adsorption material. M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The smoke suction port of the first adsorption can communicates with the smoke outlet of the Nth cooling can. The battery thermal runaway smoke is cooled by the cooling cans and then adsorbed by the adsorption cans. The cooling of the battery thermal runaway smoke by the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device is liquid cooling. Compared with solid cooling, liquid cooling has a large heat capacity of the liquid medium, good cooling effect, and can perform power circulation, so that the subsequent adsorption treatment is more sufficient and further guarantees the safety of the battery.

[0008] Furthermore, a smoke pipe is provided in the cooling can. The internal cavity of the smoke pipe is the smoke passage, and the internal cavity of the cooling can outside the smoke pipe is the cooling passage. Such a method is advantageous for the installation of the cooling passage and the smoke passage in the cooling can, thereby simplifying the structure of the cooling can.

[0009] Furthermore, the smoke pipe is arranged in a spiral shape inside the cooling tank and is used to lengthen the process of the battery thermal runaway smoke in order to more sufficiently cool the thermal runaway smoke. The adsorption process is related to pressure. When the pressure is high, the progress of adsorption is fast. When the pressure rises, the adsorption phenomenon begins to become prominent. Therefore, after the pressure is accumulated, the substance to be adsorbed is adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent. Based on this, the smoking port of the adsorption tank is provided at the top end of the adsorption tank, and the smoke exhaust port is provided at the bottom end of the adsorption tank. Also, since the adsorption tank is preferably provided in a pressure-resistant tank body that can withstand a relatively large pressure, the adsorption effect can be enhanced.

[0010] Furthermore, a reflux tank is further provided at the smoke outlet of at least one cooling tank. The number of the reflux tanks is set according to the number of batteries, and it may be provided at the smoke outlet of the Nth cooling tank, or may be provided simultaneously at the smoke outlets of a plurality of cooling tanks. When installed, the mounting height of the reflux tank is lower than the height of the smoke outlet of the cooling tank, and it is used to collect the liquid medium after the thermal runaway smoke condenses. The reflux tank may be a circular tank body or a square tank body, and its structure can be diversified. It can collect the liquid medium after the thermal runaway smoke condenses. Since the main substance of the liquid medium is a liquid electrolyte, collecting it can prevent the electrolyte in the high-temperature thermal runaway smoke from being vaporized by the new high-temperature smoke and brought back into the smoke passage after cooling and liquefaction. Collecting it can reduce the amount of smoke that the adsorption material needs to process and also avoid the risk of explosion and combustion occurring in the electrolyte subsequently.

[0011] Furthermore, a gas collection unit for collecting the processed thermal runaway smoke is further provided at the smoke exhaust port of the Mth adsorption tank, completely avoiding the impact on the environment caused by the thermal runaway smoke and also avoiding the risk of secondary explosion. The coolant is water or an ethylene glycol solution, and the adsorption material is activated carbon, molecular sieve or aluminum oxide. Using the above materials can further reduce the cost of the entire device.

[0012] The above-mentioned battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit provided sequentially. The cooling unit is filled with a cooling material for reducing the temperature and flow rate of the thermal runaway smoke. The adsorption unit includes a first adsorption device, a second adsorption device, and a third adsorption device provided sequentially. The first adsorption device is filled with a basic adsorption material for adsorbing acidic gas. The second adsorption device is filled with a polar molecule adsorption material for adsorbing polar molecules. The third adsorption device is filled with a non-polar molecule adsorption material for adsorbing non-polar molecules.

[0013] Furthermore, it further includes a reflux can, the exhaust section of the reflux can communicates with the intake section of the cooling unit, the mounting height of the reflux can is lower than that of the cooling unit, and it is used for collecting the condensed electrolyte.

[0014] Furthermore, the intake section of the first adsorption device and the exhaust section of the cooling device communicate with each other through a connecting pipe. The intake section of the second adsorption device and the exhaust section of the first adsorption device communicate with each other through a connecting pipe. The intake section of the third adsorption device and the exhaust section of the second adsorption device communicate with each other through a connecting pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the cooling material is silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, or honeycomb ceramics. The basic adsorption material is an SDG-I type adsorbent or an SDG-II type adsorbent. The polar molecule adsorption material is zeolite. The non-polar molecule adsorption material is activated carbon.

[0016] Furthermore, it further includes a gas collection unit connected to the exhaust section of the third adsorption device.

[0017] The above-mentioned battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a reaction unit and an adsorption unit connected to each other. The reaction unit includes N reaction devices connected in series. In the reaction device, there is provided a reactant that can chemically react with combustible gas and / or acidic gas to convert the combustible gas into an incombustible gas, convert the acidic gas into an incombustible substance, or reduce its corrosiveness. N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The adsorption unit includes M adsorption devices connected in series. In the adsorption device, a cooling material and / or an adsorption material for cooling and / or adsorbing the thermal runaway smoke after the reaction is filled. M is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0018] Furthermore, the reactant is a metal oxide and / or a basic compound. The metal oxide is used to undergo a reduction reaction with the combustible gas to convert the combustible gas into an incombustible gas. The basic compound is used to undergo a neutralization reaction with the acidic gas to convert the acidic gas into an incombustible substance or reduce its corrosiveness.

[0019] Furthermore, the metal oxide is one or more of cuprous oxide, cuprous oxide, ferric oxide, aluminum oxide, cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, tungsten oxide. The basic compound is one or more of strong bases, basic salts of weak acids, and basic organic substances. The cooling material is one or a combination of one or more of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide. The adsorption material is one or a combination of one or more of activated carbon, graphite, aluminum oxide, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, and porous glass.

[0020] Furthermore, adjacent reaction devices and / or adsorption devices are connected in series by elbows, and a buffer reflux cavity through which the thermal runaway smoke passes is formed in the elbows. A gas collection bag for collecting the treated thermal runaway smoke is further connected to the outlet of the last adsorption device.

[0021] The above-mentioned battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling unit, a dilution unit, and a mixing device. The cooling unit includes N cooling devices connected in series. In the cooling device, a first cooling substance for cooling the thermal runaway smoke is filled. N is an integer of 1 or more. The dilution unit is used to generate dilution gas and / or dilution smoke. The dilution gas and / or dilution smoke are mixed with the thermal runaway smoke after cooling treatment in the mixing device to reduce the concentration of combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke and make it non-combustible.

[0022] Furthermore, the dilution unit includes a dilution device provided with an aerosol generator, and a sensor switch that activates the dilution device after detecting the thermal runaway smoke to generate aerosol smoke that is mixed with the thermal runaway smoke after cooling treatment in the mixing device.

[0023] Furthermore, a second cooling substance for cooling the dilution gas, dilution smoke, and / or the gas after mixing is further provided in the dilution device and / or the mixing device.

[0024] Furthermore, the first cooling substance is a physical cooling substance, the second cooling substance is a physical cooling substance and / or a chemical cooling substance. The physical cooling substance is at least one of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramics, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide. The chemical cooling substance is at least one of metal carbonates and basic carbonates.

[0025] Furthermore, adjacent cooling devices are connected in series by a hose or an elbow. A buffer reflux cavity through which the thermal runaway smoke passes is formed in the hose or the elbow.

[0026] Furthermore, it further includes an adsorption unit including at least one adsorption device. The adsorption device is provided at the outlet end of the Nth cooling device, and an adsorption substance for adsorbing the thermal runaway smoke after cooling treatment is provided inside. The thermal runaway smoke after adsorption treatment is mixed with the dilution gas and / or dilution smoke in the mixing device.

[0027] Furthermore, a gas collection unit for collecting the processed thermal runaway smoke is further connected to the outlet of the mixing device.

[0028] The above-mentioned battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling housing provided with a baffle that partitions the internal cavity of the cooling housing into a cooling cavity and a reflux cavity, and a cooling material filled in the cooling cavity for cooling the thermal runaway smoke. A passage is provided in the baffle. The reflux cavity is located below the cooling cavity and is used for collecting the electrolytic solution after cooling. The cooling housing is provided with an air inlet and an exhaust port. The thermal runaway smoke enters the cooling housing through the air inlet, is cooled by the cooling material, and is discharged from the exhaust port. The electrolytic solution after cooling flows into the reflux cavity.

[0029] Furthermore, the air inlet is provided above the baffle, and the exhaust port is provided at the top of the cooling housing.

[0030] Furthermore, the cooling housing is provided with a drain valve for discharging the electrolytic solution in the reflux cavity.

[0031] The above-mentioned battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling housing and a honeycomb ceramic column body. The cooling housing includes at least a first housing and a second housing. The first housing and the second housing surround and form a sealed cavity. The honeycomb ceramic column body is provided in the sealed cavity. The first housing and / or the second housing is provided with an air inlet and an exhaust port. The thermal runaway smoke enters the cooling housing through the air inlet, is cooled by the honeycomb ceramic column body, and is discharged from the exhaust port.

[0032] Furthermore, the porous structure of the honeycomb ceramic column body is provided with a metal coating for adsorbing the combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke. The metal coating is at least one of a rhodium layer, a platinum layer, and a palladium layer.

[0033] The above-mentioned battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device mainly includes a liquid treatment agent for battery thermal runaway smoke composed of one or more of an electrolyte adsorbent, a flammable gas treatment agent, and an acidic gas treatment agent. The electrolyte adsorbent is a liquid compatible with the electrolyte and is used to adsorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke. The flammable gas treatment agent is a liquid that can dilute the flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke. The acidic gas treatment agent is a liquid that treats the acidic gas in the thermal runaway smoke so that the acidic gas cannot burn.

[0034] Furthermore, the electrolyte adsorbent is an electrolyte activity inhibitor, the flammable gas treatment agent is a liquid flame retardant, and the acidic gas treatment agent is an ionic liquid.

[0035] Furthermore, the electrolyte activity inhibitor includes one or more of liquid organic ethers, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubber. The liquid organic ether includes one or more of methyl perfluorobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethoxymethane, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl methyl tetrahydrofuran, benzenes, and biphenyl. The liquid flame retardant includes one or more of ethyl benzoate, trimethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trifluoroethyl phosphate, dimethyl methyl phosphate, tris(isopropylphenyl) phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl monooctyl phosphate, alkyl phosphate ester, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite, fluorinated acrylate, dimethyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, and γ-butyrolactone. The ionic liquid includes one or more of imidazoles, quaternary ammonium salts, pyridines, and pyrazoles.

[0036] Furthermore, it mainly consists of components with volume parts of 20 to 50 parts of electrolyte activity inhibitor, 30 to 60 parts of liquid flame retardant, and 5 to 30 parts of ionic liquid.

[0037] The above-mentioned liquid treatment agent for battery thermal runaway smoke is used in the treatment of lithium battery thermal runaway smoke.

[0038] This application further provides a battery including the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to any one of the above items.

Advantages of the Invention

[0039] The technical solution of this application has the following advantages compared with the prior art.

[0040] 1. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of this application, after the battery thermal runaway smoke passes through the smoke passage in the cooling tank, the temperature drops sufficiently, so as to improve the smoke adsorption amount by the subsequent adsorption tank for more thorough adsorption treatment of the thermal runaway smoke, and make the gas discharged from the smoke outlet of the adsorption tank as non-combustible as possible, thereby greatly improving its safety. In addition, cooling the battery thermal runaway smoke at the front end can extend the service life of the adsorption unit at the rear end.

[0041] 2. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of this application, the cooling unit, the first adsorption device, the second adsorption device, and the third adsorption device are sequentially provided. The thermal runaway smoke undergoes a cooling and adsorption process, and the high-temperature combustible harmful gases are sufficiently adsorbed, avoiding the occurrence of dangers such as ignition and explosion, and improving the safety of the battery. By providing the cooling unit in front of the adsorption unit, the adverse effect on the adsorption performance of the adsorption material in the adsorption unit due to the too high temperature of the thermal runaway smoke is avoided, the adsorption effect of the adsorption material is improved, the adsorption is more thorough, and the safety of the battery is improved.

[0042] 3. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of this application, the polar molecular adsorption material in the second adsorption device is a basic component. By providing the first adsorption device in front of the second adsorption device, HF, HS, HCl, PF in the thermal runaway smoke 5Adsorb acidic gases such as [gases not specified in the original] to prevent the acidic gases in the thermal runaway smoke from reacting with the polar molecular adsorbent material, which can have an adverse effect on the adsorption performance of the second adsorption device, improve the adsorption effect of the polar molecular adsorbent material, further improve the adsorption efficiency of the second adsorption device, and improve the safety of the battery. The non-polar molecular adsorbent material in the third adsorption device has a non-polar surface and has an affinity for non-polar molecules such as H 2 in the thermal runaway smoke, hydrocarbons, etc. By providing the second adsorption device in front of the third adsorption device, polar molecular gases such as CO and water vapor in the thermal runaway smoke can be adsorbed, thereby improving the purity of non-polar molecular gases such as H 2 in the thermal runaway smoke, hydrocarbons, etc., improve the adsorption effect of the non-polar molecular adsorbent material, improve the adsorption efficiency of the third adsorption device, and improve the safety of the battery.

[0043] 4. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, first, by chemically treating combustible gases and / or acidic gases in the thermal runaway smoke with reactants, the combustible gases and acidic gases are converted into non-combustible gases and non-combustible substances, or the corrosiveness of the acidic gases is reduced, reducing the proportion of combustible gases and acidic gases in the thermal runaway smoke. Subsequently, treatment is carried out using a cooling material and / or an adsorbent material. The small droplets of the electrolyte volatilized at high temperature are cooled by the cooling material and then refluxed to the reflux cavity, and the remaining combustible gases are adsorbed by the adsorbent material, so that the treatment of the battery thermal runaway smoke by the device is carried out more thoroughly, ensuring that the gas discharged from the exhaust port is non-combustible, thereby greatly improving the safety.

[0044] 5. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, by passing the battery thermal runaway smoke through the reaction unit, combustible gases and acidic gases can be converted into non-combustible gases and non-combustible substances, or the corrosiveness of the acidic gases can be reduced, thereby reducing the dosage of the cooling material and adsorbent material at the rear end, reducing the cost of the adsorption device at the rear end, and extending the service life of the adsorption device at the rear end.

[0045] 6. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, adjacent reaction devices and / or adsorption devices are assembled by elbows, which makes installation and removal easy, can be applied to most existing single cells and assembled batteries, and there is no need to change the structure of the existing batteries, with low processing costs and a wide application range.

[0046] 7. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, first, the thermal runaway smoke is cooled by a cooling substance. The small droplets of the electrolyte volatilized at high temperature are cooled by a cooling material and then refluxed to the reflux cavity. Subsequently, a dilution unit generates dilution gas and / or dilution smoke, and the dilution gas and / or dilution smoke are mixed with the thermal runaway smoke after cooling treatment in a mixing device, thereby reducing the concentration and ratio of combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke to make it non-combustible, ensuring that the treatment of the battery thermal runaway smoke by the device is more thorough, and ensuring that the gas discharged from the exhaust port is non-combustible, thereby greatly improving the safety of the battery.

[0047] 8. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, the thermal runaway smoke is cooled by a cooling material. The electrolyte volatilized at high temperature is cooled by the cooling material and then refluxed to the reflux cavity, thereby reducing the concentration and ratio of combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke, making the gas discharged from the exhaust port non-combustible, and greatly improving the safety of the battery.

[0048] 9. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, the reflux cavity is provided below the cooling cavity and is used to collect the cooled electrolyte. After the electrolyte in the high-temperature thermal runaway smoke is cooled and liquefied, it can be prevented from being vaporized by the new high-temperature smoke and brought back into the cooling cavity again, making the treatment more thorough and improving the safety of the battery. The baffle has a funnel-shaped structure, which makes it easier for the cooled electrolyte to flow into the reflux cavity. The cooling housing is a cylindrical cooling housing with good pressure resistance, with a stable structure and being difficult to deform.

[0049] 10. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application includes a cooling housing and a honeycomb ceramic column body provided in the cooling housing. The honeycomb ceramic column body has a porous structure, with a stable structure that is easy to install, uniformly filters, has a long travel for smoke to pass through, improves heat shock resistance performance, can effectively cool the thermal runaway smoke, ensures that the gas discharged from the exhaust port is non-combustible, avoids the risk of secondary explosion, and greatly improves the safety of the battery. Further, the honeycomb ceramic column body has a column body structure, and can be easily installed and removed. The cooling device formed with the cooling housing is a modular device, and can be easily assembled and removed.

[0050] 11. The liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke of the present application mainly consists of one or more of an electrolyte adsorbent, a combustible gas treatment agent, and an acidic gas treatment agent. The electrolyte adsorbent is a liquid compatible with the electrolyte, and is used to adsorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke to stop the decomposition and volatilization of the electrolyte. The combustible gas treatment agent is a liquid that can dilute the combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke, and the acidic gas treatment agent is a liquid that can treat the acidic gas in the thermal runaway smoke so that the acidic gas becomes non-combustible. After the thermal runaway gas passes through the above adsorption liquid, the electrolyte, combustible gas, and acidic gas in the lithium battery runaway smoke are adsorbed and treated as much as possible, ensuring that the treated gas is non-combustible, improving the purification effect, and also greatly improving the safety of the lithium battery.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0051]

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Description of reference numerals

[0052] 11... Cooling can, 12... Adsorption can, 13... Reflux can, 14... Gas collection unit, 111... Cooling passage, 112... Smoke pipe, 113... Smoke passage, 114... Cooling inlet, 115... Cooling outlet, 116... Smoke inlet, 117... Smoke outlet, 118... Partition plate, 119... Smoking port, 120... Exhaust port, 121... Porous plate, 122... Adsorption cavity, 123... Spring, 124... Connecting rod, 21... Battery assembly, 22... Cooling unit, 23... First adsorption unit, 24... Second adsorption unit, 25... Third adsorption unit, 26... Reflux can, 27... Gas collection unit, 31... Reaction device, 32... Adsorption device, 33... Elbow, 34... Porous plate, 35... Connecting rod, 36... Spring, 37... Battery housing, 41... Cooling device, 42... Dilution device, 43... Mixing device, 44... Sensor switch, 45... Elbow, 46... Adsorption device, 47... Gas collection unit, 51... Cooling housing, 511... Intake port, 512... Exhaust port, 52... Baffle, 521... Passage, 53... Cooling cavity, 54... Reflux cavity, 55... Porous plate, 56... Connecting rod, 57... Positioning base, 58... Drain valve, 61... Battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device, 62... Hose, 63... Cooling reflux can, 64... Gas collection device, 611... Cooling housing, 612... Honeycomb ceramic column body, 613... Intake port, 614... Exhaust port, 615... Spring, 616... Position limiting protrusion, 6111... Intermediate cylinder, 6112... First cover plate, 6113... Second cover plate, 6114... First semi-circular housing, 6115... Second semi-circular housing.

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0053] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can understand that these embodiments are only used to interpret the technical principle of the present application and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0054] (Example 1) The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit. The cooling unit includes at least one cooling cylinder. When there are multiple cooling cylinders, the multiple cooling cylinders are connected in series in sequence. In each cooling cylinder, a cooling passage through which a coolant passes and a smoke passage through which battery thermal runaway smoke passes are provided. In addition, the cooling cylinder is provided with a cooling inlet and a cooling outlet communicating with the cooling passage, and a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet communicating with the smoke passage. The cooling passage and the smoke passage are independent of each other, and the thermal runaway smoke and the coolant do not interfere with each other during passage. The coolant can absorb the heat in the thermal runaway smoke and cool it. The adsorption unit includes at least one adsorption cylinder. When there are multiple adsorption cylinders, the multiple adsorption cylinders are connected in series in sequence. Each adsorption cylinder is filled with an adsorption material. The smoke inlet of the first adsorption cylinder communicates with the smoke outlet of the Nth cooling cylinder. The battery thermal runaway smoke is cooled by the cooling cylinder and then adsorbed by the adsorption cylinder. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment can sufficiently cool the thermal runaway smoke with the coolant in the cooling passage, so that the subsequent adsorption treatment can be carried out more sufficiently, thereby further ensuring the safety of the battery. Adsorption is a heat dissipation process. As can be seen from the perspective of thermodynamics, a decrease in temperature is beneficial for adsorption, and an increase in temperature is beneficial for desorption. Therefore, after the thermal runaway smoke enters, the liquid is cooled first, and after cooling, its temperature reaches room temperature, and the subsequent adsorption treatment can be carried out.

[0055] In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment, the thermal runaway smoke is cooled by the coolant in the cooling tank. Compared with some methods of filling the cooling tank with solids as the cooling material, liquid cooling has advantages in many aspects such as cooling efficiency, cost, and structure. First, the liquid medium has a large heat capacity, can perform power circulation, has a good cooling effect, and can quickly and sufficiently cool the thermal runaway smoke. Therefore, when treating the same volume of thermal runaway smoke compared with the solid cooling material, liquid cooling has the characteristics of a fast cooling rate, power circulation ability, and good cooling effect. Second, when using liquid cooling, specifically, a coolant such as water or ethylene glycol solution can be used. Water or ethylene glycol solution has a very low cost compared with solid cooling materials such as ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramics, and silicon dioxide. Furthermore, the cost of the entire cooling unit is reduced. Finally, the cooling tank can install and fill the coolant at the site where the battery is used, avoiding the trouble of installing the solid coolant on site and omitting various caulking members when installing the solid coolant, further reducing the cost of the cooling unit.

[0056] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit. The cooling unit includes two cooling tanks 11 connected in series in sequence. Inside each cooling tank 11, a cooling passage 111 through which the coolant passes and a smoke passage 113 through which the battery thermal runaway smoke passes are provided. The adsorption unit includes two adsorption tanks 12 connected in series in sequence. Each adsorption tank 12 is filled with an adsorption material. The smoke inlet of the first adsorption tank 12 communicates with the smoke outlet of the second cooling tank 11. The battery thermal runaway smoke is cooled by the cooling tank 11 and then adsorbed by the adsorption tank 12. Also, a reflux tank 13 is provided between the smoke inlet of the first adsorption tank 12 and the smoke outlet of the second cooling tank 11. The reflux tank 13 collects the liquid medium after the thermal runaway smoke in the cooling tank 11 condenses.

[0057] As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, a straight pipe, i.e., a flue pipe 112, is provided in the cooling can 11. The internal cavity of the flue pipe 112 is a flue passage 113, and the internal cavity of the cooling can outside the flue pipe 112 is a cooling passage 111. That is, the cavity between the outer wall of the flue pipe 112 and the inner wall of the cooling can 11 is the cooling passage 111. A cooling inlet 114 and a cooling outlet 115 communicated by the cooling passage 111 are provided on the side wall of the cooling can 11. The cooling inlet 114 may be located at the upper end or the lower end of the cooling can 11, and the corresponding cooling outlet 115 may be located at the lower end or the upper end of the cooling can 11. The flue inlet 116 of the flue passage 113 is located at the top end of the cooling can 11, and the flue outlet 117 is located at the bottom end of the cooling can 11. Such a method is advantageous for installing the cooling passage and the flue passage into the cooling can, thereby simplifying the structure of the cooling can.

[0058] As shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the adsorption can 12 can specifically be manufactured using a circular barrel, and both ends of the circular barrel can be sealed with end caps (not shown in FIG. 3). A plurality of porous plates 121 are provided in the adsorption can 12 at intervals. Two adjacent porous plates 121 are axially connected via a connecting rod 124 provided with threads at both ends, that is, both ends of the connecting rod 124 penetrate through the porous plates 121 respectively and are then fixed by nuts. In this case, two adjacent porous plates 121 form the inner wall of the adsorption can 12 and the adsorption cavity 122. When there are two porous plates 121, one adsorption cavity 122 is formed. When there are four porous plates 121, two adsorption cavities 122 are formed. The adsorption material is filled in part or all of the adsorption cavity. With such a structure, the adsorption material can be reliably attached, thereby further ensuring the adsorption effect. Preferably, springs 123 are provided at one end or both ends of the adsorption can 12. One end of the spring 123 is position-limited by the porous plate 121, and the other end is position-limited by the adsorption can 12. The spring 123 is used to caul and densify the adsorption material and has a buffering effect. In this embodiment, the coolant is water, and the adsorption material is activated carbon, molecular sieve or aluminum oxide. Compared with adsorption materials such as graphite, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, and porous glass, the use of activated carbon, molecular sieve or aluminum oxide further reduces the cost of the entire device.

[0059] The adsorption process is related to pressure. When the pressure is high, the adsorption proceeds rapidly. As the pressure increases, the adsorption phenomenon begins to become prominent. Therefore, after the pressure is accumulated, the substance to be adsorbed is more easily adsorbed by the surface of the adsorbent. Since the method of the thermal runaway gas entering the can body from above can exert a pressure accumulation effect, the smoking port of the adsorption can is provided at the top end of the adsorption can, and the exhaust port is provided at the bottom end of the adsorption can. Also, providing the adsorption can as a pressure-resistant can body, preferably a circular can body, is advantageous for sufficient adsorption, and the adsorption effect is significantly improved.

[0060] (Example 2) As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit. The cooling unit includes one cooling can 11. Inside each cooling can 11, a cooling passage 111 through which a coolant passes and a smoke passage 113 through which battery thermal runaway smoke passes are provided. The adsorption unit includes three adsorption cans 12 connected in series in sequence. Inside each adsorption can 12, an adsorption material is filled. The cooling can 11 is provided with a cooling inlet 114 and a cooling outlet 115 communicating with the cooling passage 111, and a smoke inlet 116 and a smoke outlet 117 communicating with the smoke passage 113. The smoke inlet 119 of the first adsorption can 12 communicates with the smoke outlet 117 of the first cooling can 11. The battery thermal runaway smoke is cooled by the cooling can 11 and then adsorbed by the adsorption can 12. Further, in this embodiment, a reflux can 13 is further provided at the smoke outlet 117 of the cooling can 11. In this case, the mounting height of the reflux can 13 is lower than the height of the smoke outlet 117 of the cooling can 11, and it is used to collect the liquid medium after the thermal runaway smoke condenses.

[0061] In this embodiment, a gas collection unit 14 for collecting the treated battery thermal runaway smoke is further connected to the smoke exhaust port 120 of the last adsorption can 12. In this way, secondary disasters such as explosion and ignition of the battery caused by leakage of flammable gas due to thermal runaway can be avoided.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 5, the smoke pipe 112 in this embodiment has a spiral structure, that is, a spiral pipe structure. In this case, the inlet and outlet of the spiral pipe are the smoke inlet 116 and the smoke outlet 117 respectively. The open end above the cooling can 11 is the cooling inlet 114, and the protruding pipe provided on the lower side wall of the cooling can is the cooling outlet 115. The spiral structure of the smoke pipe 112 not only lengthens the travel of the thermal runaway gas in the smoke pipe 112, but also increases the contact area between the smoke pipe 112 and the cooling passage 111, achieving a good cooling effect.

[0063] As shown in FIG. 3, as the adsorption can 12 in this embodiment, a circular can body excellent in force reception and pressure resistance is preferentially adopted. A plurality of porous plates 121 are provided in the adsorption can 12 at intervals, and two adjacent porous plates 121 are axially connected via a connecting rod 124 provided with threads at both ends, that is, both ends of the connecting rod 124 penetrate the porous plates 121 respectively and are then fixed by nuts. In this case, two adjacent porous plates 121 form an adsorption cavity 122 with the inner wall of the adsorption can 12. When there are two porous plates 121, one adsorption cavity 122 is formed; when there are four porous plates 121, two adsorption cavities 122 are formed. The adsorption material is filled in part or all of the adsorption cavity. Preferably, in this embodiment, a spring 123 is further provided in the smoke inlet section and / or outlet section of the adsorption can 12. One end of the spring 123 is position-limited by the porous plate 121, and the other end is position-limited by the adsorption can 12. It is used to caul and densify the adsorption material so as to sufficiently adsorb the thermally runaway smoke. Also, this structure has a buffering effect, improves the vibration resistance and stability of the internal structure of the adsorption can, and ensures that the adsorption material does not loosen even in the case of temperature change, transportation, and vibration, etc.

[0064] The adsorption material filled in the adsorption cavity of this embodiment adsorbs the cooled combustible gas, liquid and solid substances, thereby significantly reducing the amount of combustible gas and the total amount of gas discharged into the environment. In this way, the temperature of the combustible gas in the gas discharged after passing through the smoke passage and the adsorption cavity can be reduced below its spontaneous ignition point, and the concentration of the gas can be reduced below its lower explosion limit concentration, thereby avoiding secondary disasters such as explosion and ignition of the battery caused by thermal runaway and reducing environmental pollution.

[0065] (Example 3) As shown in FIG. 6, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit. The difference from Embodiment 2 is that in the cooling can 11 of this embodiment, a partition plate 118 is provided to partition the cooling can 11 into a cooling passage 111 through which the coolant passes and a smoke passage 113 through which the battery thermal runaway smoke passes. The cooling passage 111 and the smoke passage 113 are independent cavities. In this case, the cooling inlet 114 of the cooling passage 111 and the smoke inlet 116 of the smoke passage 113 are provided at the top end of the cooling can 11, and the cooling outlet 115 of the cooling passage 111 and the smoke outlet 117 of the smoke passage 113 are located at the bottom end of the cooling can 11. In this embodiment, the arrangement method and internal structure of the cooling can 11 and the adsorption can 12 are not particularly limited as long as they can meet the usage requirements. The adsorption material inside the adsorption can 12 may be partially filled or fully filled in order to meet different usage requirements. When the battery thermal runaway smoke passes through the smoke passage, the temperature and flow rate of the smoke can be reduced, thereby improving the adsorption amount of the smoke by the adsorption cavity 122 at the rear end and helping to ensure that the gas discharged from the exhaust port cannot burn.

[0066] The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment devices in the above Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, and Embodiment 3 are connected to an explosion vent or explosion vent pipe provided in a battery, a battery pack, or an energy storage device housing. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery and the explosion vent opens, the high-temperature substances inside the battery enter the smoke passage through the explosion vent or explosion vent pipe and are cooled by the coolant in the cooling passage. As a result, the activity of some solid particles in the high-temperature substances decreases, and the vaporized electrolyte re-condenses. The various substances passing through the smoke passage enter the adsorption cavity after cooling, and the adsorption material in the adsorption cavity adsorbs all the liquid and most of the combustible gases. The gases that are not adsorbed are either discharged or collected. Since the various substances generated after the thermal runaway of the battery are cooled and adsorbed by the device and then discharged, dangers such as explosion and ignition will not be caused.

[0067] (Embodiment 4) As shown in FIG. 7, this embodiment provides a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device including a cooling unit 22 and an adsorption unit. In the cooling unit 22, a cooling material which is honeycomb ceramics or silicon dioxide capable of reducing the temperature and flow rate of the thermal runaway smoke is filled. The adsorption unit includes a first adsorption device 23, a second adsorption device 24, and a third adsorption device 25 provided in sequence. In the first adsorption device 23, a basic adsorption material for adsorbing acidic gas is filled. In this embodiment, the basic adsorption material is an SDG-I type adsorbent or calcium oxide. The SDG-I type adsorbent has a high adsorption efficiency for acidic gas and a more thorough adsorption effect compared with general adsorbents. In the second adsorption device 24, a polar molecule adsorption material for adsorbing polar molecules is filled. In this embodiment, the polar molecule adsorption material is zeolite or diatomaceous earth. Zeolite has a high adsorption efficiency for polar molecules and a more thorough adsorption effect compared with general adsorbents. In the third adsorption device 25, a non-polar molecule adsorption material for adsorbing non-polar molecules is filled. In this embodiment, the non-polar molecule adsorption material is activated carbon or carbon nanotube. Activated carbon has a high adsorption efficiency for non-polar molecules and a more thorough adsorption effect compared with general adsorbents. Specifically when connecting, the intake section of the first adsorption device 23 communicates with the exhaust section of the cooling device 22 through a connecting pipe, the intake section of the second adsorption device 24 communicates with the exhaust section of the first adsorption device 23 through a connecting pipe, and the intake section of the third adsorption device 25 communicates with the exhaust section of the second adsorption device 24 through a connecting pipe.

[0068] In this embodiment, the cooling unit 22, the first adsorption device 23, the second adsorption device 24, and the third adsorption device 25 are provided in sequence. By providing the cooling unit 22 in front of the adsorption device, it can be avoided that the temperature of the thermal runaway smoke is too high and has an adverse effect on the adsorption performance of the adsorption material in the adsorption device, improving the adsorption effect of the adsorption material, making the adsorption more thorough, and improving the safety of the battery. The polar molecule adsorption material in the second adsorption device 24 is a basic component. By providing the first adsorption device 23 in front of the second adsorption device 24, HF, HS, HCl, PF in the thermal runaway smoke 5Adsorb acidic gases such as 2 to prevent the acidic gases in the thermal runaway smoke from reacting with the polar molecule adsorption material and affecting the adsorption performance of the second adsorption device 24, improve the adsorption effect of the polar molecule adsorption material, improve the adsorption efficiency of the second adsorption device 24, and improve the safety of the battery. The non-polar molecule adsorption material in the third adsorption device 25 has a non-polar surface and has an affinity for non-polar molecules such as H 2 and hydrocarbons in the thermal runaway smoke. By providing the second adsorption device 24 in front of the third adsorption device 25, polar molecule gases such as CO and water vapor in the thermal runaway smoke can be adsorbed, thereby improving the purity of non-polar molecule gases such as H

[0069] (Example 5) As shown in FIG. 8, this embodiment provides a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device including a cooling unit 22 and an adsorption unit. In the cooling unit 22, a cooling material which is zirconium oxide and can reduce the temperature and flow rate of the thermal runaway smoke is filled. The adsorption unit includes a first adsorption device 23, a second adsorption device 24, and a third adsorption device 25 provided in sequence. In the first adsorption device 23, a basic adsorption material is filled. In this embodiment, the basic adsorption material is an SDG-II type adsorbent that adsorbs acidic gases. In the second adsorption device 24, a polar molecule adsorption material which is zeolite and adsorbs polar molecules is filled. In the third adsorption device 25, a non-polar molecule adsorption material which is activated carbon and adsorbs non-polar molecules is filled. The intake section of the first adsorption device 23 communicates with the exhaust section of the cooling device 22 through a connecting pipe. The intake section of the second adsorption device 24 communicates with the exhaust section of the first adsorption device 23 through a connecting pipe. The intake section of the third adsorption device 25 communicates with the exhaust section of the second adsorption device 24 through a connecting pipe.

[0070] In this embodiment, inside the cooling unit 22, the first adsorption device 23, the second adsorption device 24, and the third adsorption device 25, there are provided porous mesh plates for fixing and caulking a cooling material, a basic adsorption material, a polar molecule adsorption material, and a non-polar molecule adsorption material. The cooling material can be silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, or honeycomb ceramics. The basic adsorption material can be an SDG-I type adsorbent, an SDG-II type adsorbent, calcium oxide, or aluminum oxide. The polar molecule adsorption material can be zeolite or diatomaceous earth. The non-polar molecule adsorption material can be activated carbon or carbon nanotubes. Specific materials can be selected and adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0071] In other embodiments, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device further includes a reflux tank 26. The exhaust section of the reflux tank 26 communicates with the intake section of the cooling unit 22, and the installation height of the reflux tank 26 is lower than the installation height of the cooling unit 22. The reflux tank 26 can collect the electrolytic solution after condensation, recycle the electrolytic solution, save costs, and because the installation height of the reflux tank is lower than the installation height of the cooling unit, it is easy to collect the electrolytic solution after condensation.

[0072] In other embodiments, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device further includes a gas collection unit 27. The gas collection unit 27 is connected to the exhaust section of the third adsorption device 25. The gas collection unit 27 can collect the thermal runaway smoke after adsorption and further process it, improving the safety of the battery.

[0073] (Example 6) This embodiment provides a battery including the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in the above Example 4 or Example 5. The explosion and dispersion port of the battery 21 is connected to the intake section of the cooling unit 22 or the intake section of the reflux tank 26.

[0074] (Example 7) As shown in FIG. 9, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a reaction unit and an adsorption unit connected to each other. The reaction unit includes two reaction devices 31. Different reactants are provided in the two reaction devices 31 respectively. Since the reactants can chemically react with combustible gas and acidic gas, the combustible gas and acidic gas can be converted into incombustible gas and incombustible substances, or the corrosiveness of the acidic gas can be reduced. The adsorption unit includes four adsorption devices 32. Cooling materials and adsorption materials for cooling and adsorbing the smoke after the reaction are respectively provided in the four adsorption devices 32. In other embodiments, cooling materials for cooling the smoke after the reaction are provided in the four adsorption devices 32. Or, the four adsorption devices 32 are all filled with adsorption materials for adsorbing the smoke after the reaction. The two reaction devices 31 and the four adsorption devices 32 are arranged in a straight line in a row.

[0075] As shown in Fig. 9, the adjacent reaction device 31 and adsorption device 32 are connected in series by an elbow 33, and a buffer reflux cavity for smoke is formed in the elbow 33. In this embodiment, the arrangement method and internal structure of the reaction device 31 and the adsorption device 32 are not particularly limited as long as they can meet the usage requirements. The reactants, cooling materials, and adsorption materials inside the reaction device 31 and the adsorption device 32 may be partially filled or fully filled to meet different usage requirements. The shapes of the reaction device 31 and the adsorption device 32 are not limited as long as they can be filled with reactants, cooling materials, and adsorption materials inside. In this embodiment, as the reaction device 31 and the adsorption device 32, circular cans with excellent force reception and pressure resistance are preferentially adopted. The reactants are metal oxides and basic compounds. The metal oxides are one or more of reduced copper oxide, cuprous oxide, ferric oxide, aluminum oxide, cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, and tungsten oxide. The basic compounds are one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium bicarbonate, and strong base weak acid salts. The cooling materials are one or more of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide. The adsorption materials are one or more of activated carbon, graphite, aluminum oxide, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, and porous glass.

[0076] As shown in FIG. 10, in this embodiment, two porous plates 34 are provided in each reaction device 31 and adsorption device 32. The two porous plates 34 are axially connected via a connecting rod 35 provided with threads at both ends, that is, both ends of the connecting rod 35 penetrate the porous plates 34 respectively and are fixed by nuts. The two adjacent porous plates 34 are filled with a metal oxide, a basic compound, a cooling material and an adsorption material. A spring 36 is further provided at the smoke inlet section and / or outlet section of the adsorption canister body. The aperture diameter of the opening of the elbow 33 is smaller than the size of the porous plate 34. One end of the spring 36 is position-limited by the porous plate 34, and the other end is position-limited by the elbow 33. The spring 36 is used to crimp and densify the cooling material and the adsorption material. Also, the spring 36 has a buffering effect, and the cooling material and the adsorption material will not loosen even in the case of temperature change, movement and transportation, vibration, etc. The battery thermal runaway smoke chemically reacts by the reaction device 31, and then enters the adsorption device 32 for cooling and adsorption treatment, whereby the gas finally discharged becomes non-combustible and the purification effect is improved.

[0077] In other embodiments, a gas collection bag for collecting the processed battery thermal runaway smoke is further connected to the smoke outlet of the last adsorption device 32. In this way, secondary disasters such as explosion and ignition of the battery caused by leakage of combustible gas due to thermal runaway can be avoided.

[0078] In the high-temperature smoke caused by the thermal runaway of a large-capacity battery, the combustible gases are mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and the proportion they account for is about 50%. In addition, the high-temperature smoke further contains some acidic gases mainly composed of hydrogen fluoride. Since the molecular weight of hydrogen is small, adsorption is relatively difficult and a large amount of adsorbent is required. In this embodiment, by utilizing the reducibility of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, copper oxide, cuprous oxide, ferric oxide, aluminum oxide, cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, tungsten oxide, etc. are reduced under heating conditions to generate metal monomers and non-combustible gases of carbon dioxide, reducing the proportion of combustible gases in the runaway smoke and reducing the dosage of the adsorbent. In addition, a basic compound is used to react with the acidic gas and convert it into a non-combustible substance. Subsequently, the small droplets of the electrolyte volatilized at high temperature are cooled by a cooling material such as ceramic balls and refluxed into the reflux cavity. In addition, the remaining combustible gases are adsorbed by an adsorption material such as activated carbon. Finally, the gas collected in the gas collection bag is non-combustible, thereby reducing the combustibility of the smoke and improving the adsorption effect. After the thermal runaway gas undergoes the above treatment, the electrolyte, combustible gas, and acidic gas in the runaway smoke of the lithium battery are adsorbed and treated as much as possible, ensuring that the treated gas is non-combustible, reducing its corrosiveness, improving the purification effect, and greatly improving the safety of the lithium battery.

[0079] (Example 8) As shown in FIG. 11, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a reaction unit and an adsorption unit connected to each other. The reaction unit includes one reaction device 31 provided with reaction substances. The reaction substances can chemically react with acidic gases or combustible gases to convert combustible gases into non-combustible gases, convert acidic gases into non-combustible substances, or reduce the corrosiveness of acidic gases. The adsorption unit includes seven adsorption devices 32 filled with a cooling material and an adsorption material for cooling and adsorbing the smoke after the reaction, respectively. One reaction device 31 and seven adsorption devices 32 are linearly arranged in a row. In other embodiments, all of the seven adsorption devices 32 are filled with a cooling material for cooling the smoke after the reaction.

[0080] In this embodiment, the shapes of the reaction device 31 and the adsorption device 32 are not limited as long as the reactant, the cooling material, and the adsorption material can be filled therein. In this embodiment, as the reaction device 31 and the adsorption device 32, a circular can body with excellent force-receiving and pressure-resistant properties is preferentially adopted. The reactant is a metal oxide or a basic compound. The cooling material and the adsorption material are the same as those in Example 1. The basic compound is one or more of a strong base, a strong base weak acid salt, and a basic organic substance. Specifically, the strong base may include sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc. The strong base weak acid salt may specifically include sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, monosodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, etc. The basic organic substance may specifically include sodium alkoxide, etc. By using the above reactant, cooling material, and adsorption material, the amount of combustible gas and the total amount of gas discharged into the environment are significantly reduced, and by ensuring that the gas discharged from the exhaust port is non-combustible, its safety is significantly improved.

[0081] (Example 9) As shown in FIG. 12, this embodiment provides a battery including the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in the above Example 7 or Example 8. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device is connected to an explosion vent or an explosion vent pipe provided in the battery housing 37. When thermal runaway occurs in the cells in the battery housing 37 and the explosion vent opens, the high-temperature substances inside the battery enter the reaction device 31 through the explosion vent or the explosion vent pipe, and the reactant in the reaction device 31 chemically reacts with it, converting combustible gas and acidic gas into non-combustible gas and non-combustible substances, or reducing the corrosiveness of the acidic gas. Subsequently, the smoke after the reaction enters the adsorption device 32 and is treated by the cooling material and the adsorption material filled in the adsorption device, so that some solid particles and vaporized electrolyte in the high-temperature substances are recondensed, the adsorption material adsorbs all the liquid and the remaining combustible gas, and the small molecule gases that are not adsorbed, such as nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide, are discharged from the exhaust port. Since the device reacts, cools, and adsorbs various substances generated after the thermal runaway of the battery and then discharges them, no danger such as explosion and ignition will be caused.

[0082] Since the reactants filled in the reactor 31 of this embodiment can convert combustible gas and acid gas into incombustible gas and incombustible substances, the dosages of the cooling material and the adsorption material can be reduced. Also, by combining the cooling material and the adsorption material in appropriate dosages, it is possible to achieve the effect that a small amount of gas discharged into the environment is colorless, odorless, and incombustible, thus avoiding secondary disasters such as explosion and ignition of the battery caused by thermal runaway and reducing environmental pollution. The device of this embodiment uses a physical cooling material to cool the substances ejected during the thermal runaway of the battery. This type of substance has a good cooling effect, stable properties, and more importantly, does not generate gas. Therefore, the dosage and adsorption load during the adsorption of the subsequent adsorption material are significantly reduced.

[0083] (Example 10) In the high-temperature smoke where a large-capacity battery has a thermal runaway, the combustible gases are mainly hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, etc., and the proportion of combustible gases is greater than 50%. Since the molecular weight of hydrogen is small, adsorption is relatively difficult and a large amount of adsorption substances are required. Based on this, this embodiment provides a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device, which mainly includes a cooling unit, a dilution unit, and a mixing device. The cooling unit includes a plurality of cooling devices connected in series, and the cooling devices are filled with a first cooling substance for cooling the thermal runaway smoke. The dilution unit is used to generate dilution gas and / or dilution smoke that is mixed with the thermal runaway smoke after cooling treatment in the mixing device. The device mainly cools, adsorbs, and dilutes the high-temperature smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery. As a result, the small droplets of the electrolyte volatilized at high temperature are cooled by the cooling material and then refluxed into the reflux cavity, and the cooled smoke is mixed with the dilution gas and / or dilution smoke, thereby reducing the concentration of combustible gases in the thermal runaway smoke to make it non-combustible and greatly improving the safety of the battery.

[0084] The structure of the above dilution unit is diverse, as long as it can generate dilution gas and / or dilution smoke to reduce the concentration of combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke. For example, the dilution unit mainly includes a dilution device provided with a gas generating agent, and a sensor switch that activates the dilution device after detecting the thermal runaway smoke to generate dilution gas in the gas generating agent in the dilution device. The dilution gas, as long as it can dilute the thermal runaway smoke, may be an incombustible gas such as carbon dioxide or an inert gas such as nitrogen. The dilution gas is mixed with the thermally runaway smoke after cooling in the mixing device. Naturally, the dilution unit may also be an external gas source, and the gas in the external gas source enters the mixing device and mixes with the thermally runaway smoke to dilute the thermally runaway smoke. Also, for example, the dilution unit mainly includes a dilution device provided with an aerosol generating agent, and a sensor switch that activates the dilution device after detecting the thermal runaway smoke to generate aerosol smoke in the dilution device. The aerosol smoke is mixed with the thermally runaway smoke after cooling in the mixing device. The aerosol generating agent can be an S-type aerosol fire extinguishing agent or a K-type aerosol fire extinguishing agent, and is mainly a solid mixture composed of an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, a binder, and an additive. The above sensor switch activates the dilution device after detecting the air flow, and sufficiently mixes the aerosol smoke discharged from the dilution device with the thermal runaway smoke to reduce the concentration of the combustible gas to a level where combustion is impossible.

[0085] As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling unit, a dilution unit, and a mixing device 43. The cooling unit includes eight cooling devices 41 connected in series and filled with a first cooling substance. The first cooling substance is a physical cooling substance, specifically at least one of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramics, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide, and can cool the thermal runaway smoke. The dilution unit includes a dilution device 42 and a sensor switch 44, and the sensor switch 44 can specifically be a flow switch. The dilution device 42 is provided above the eighth cooling device 41. The outlet of the eighth cooling device 41 communicates with the outlet of the dilution device 42 through a bypass pipeline. In this case, the sensor switch 44 may be provided in the bypass pipeline. An aerosol generator is provided in the dilution device 42. After detecting the thermal runaway smoke, the sensor switch 44 activates the dilution device 42 to generate aerosol smoke in the dilution device 42. The aerosol smoke is mixed with the thermally treated runaway smoke in the mixing device 43, thereby reducing the concentration of combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke to make it non-combustible.

[0086] In this embodiment, the shapes of the cooling device 41 and the dilution device 42 are not limited as long as the cooling substance and the aerosol generating agent can be filled therein, and a circular can body with excellent force reception and pressure resistance is preferentially adopted. The adjacent cooling devices 41 are connected in series by an elbow 45 or a hose, and a buffer reflux cavity for smoke is formed in the elbow 45. Two porous plates are provided in each cooling device 41, and the two porous plates are axially connected via a connecting rod provided with threads at both ends, that is, both ends of the connecting rod penetrate the porous plates respectively and are fixed by nuts, and the first cooling substance is filled between the two adjacent porous plates. The dilution device 42 has a circular can body structure, and an aerosol generating agent is provided therein. An ignition device is provided at the top of the aerosol generating agent. When the thermally runaway smoke after cooling passes through the sensor switch 44, the ignition device is activated, the aerosol generating agent is ignited to generate aerosol smoke, and the aerosol smoke is mixed with the thermally runaway smoke after cooling in the mixing device 43 to reduce the concentration of the combustible gas to make it non-combustible, and further avoid the occurrence of safety accidents.

[0087] (Example 11) As shown in Fig. 15, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling unit, a dilution unit, and a mixing device 43. The cooling unit includes eight cooling devices 41 connected in series. The dilution unit includes a dilution device 42 and a sensor switch 44. The installation of the cooling device 41 and the dilution device 42 is the same as that in Embodiment 10. The difference from Embodiment 10 is that in this embodiment, a second cooling substance for cooling the dilution gas, the diluted smoke, and / or the gas after mixing again can be further provided in the dilution device 42 and / or the mixing device 43. The first cooling substance is a physical cooling substance, and the second cooling substance is a physical cooling substance and / or a chemical cooling substance. The above physical cooling substance is at least one of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide, and the chemical cooling substance is at least one of metal carbonates and basic carbonates. For example, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, manganese carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, basic copper carbonate, and the binder is a material or a blended material such as hydroxyethyl cellulose.

[0088] In this embodiment, the dilution device 42 has a can body structure, and inside it is filled with an aerosol generator, which is a cold aerosol fire extinguishing agent, to disperse solid / liquid particles with an air flow to generate aerosol smoke. When the thermally runaway smoke after cooling passes through the sensor switch 44, aerosol smoke is generated by the aerosol generator. The aerosol smoke is mixed with the thermally runaway smoke after cooling in the mixing device 43 to reduce the concentration of the flammable gas and make it non-combustible, thereby avoiding the occurrence of safety accidents. Further, after cooling the aerosol smoke, it is mixed with the thermally runaway smoke after cooling in the mixing device 43, or the diluted mixed smoke is directly cooled to avoid the occurrence of secondary disasters caused by too high a temperature.

[0089] As shown in Fig. 15, in this embodiment, a gas collection unit 47 for collecting the treated battery thermal runaway smoke is further connected to the smoke outlet of the mixing device 43. In this way, secondary disasters such as explosion and ignition of the battery caused by leakage of flammable gas due to thermal runaway can be avoided.

[0090] (Example 12) As shown in Fig. 16, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling unit, an adsorption unit, a dilution unit, and a mixing device 43. The cooling unit includes six cooling devices 41 filled with a first coolant and connected in series. The adsorption unit includes two adsorption devices 46. The two adsorption devices 46 are provided in series at the outlet end of the sixth cooling device 41, and an adsorption material that can be one or a combination of activated carbon, graphite, aluminum oxide, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, and porous glass is provided inside. The dilution unit includes a dilution device 42 and a sensor switch 44 which is a flow switch. The dilution device 42 is provided above the second adsorption device 46. The outlet of the second adsorption device 46 communicates with the outlet of the dilution device 42 through a bypass pipeline, and the sensor switch 44 may be provided on the bypass pipeline. An aerosol generator is provided in the dilution device 42. After detecting the thermal runaway smoke, the sensor switch 44 activates the dilution device 42 to generate aerosol smoke in the dilution device 42, and the aerosol smoke is mixed with the thermally runaway smoke after cooling treatment in the mixing device 43. In this embodiment, first, cooling treatment and adsorption treatment are performed on the thermal runaway smoke, and then the thermal runaway smoke after the adsorption treatment is mixed with a dilution gas and / or dilution smoke in the mixing device 43 to reduce the concentration of combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke and make it non-combustible.

[0091] In this embodiment, a second cooling substance for cooling the dilution gas and / or dilution smoke, or the gas after mixing is further provided in the dilution unit or the mixing device 43. The first cooling substance and the second cooling substance are physical cooling substances. The physical cooling substance is at least one of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide. In this embodiment, by combining the cooling substance and the adsorption material in appropriate dosages, it is possible to achieve the effect that a small amount of gas discharged into the environment is colorless, odorless, and non-flammable, thus avoiding secondary disasters such as explosion and ignition of the battery caused by thermal runaway and reducing environmental pollution. The device of this embodiment uses a physical cooling material to cool down the substances ejected during the thermal runaway of the battery. This type of substance has a good cooling effect, stable properties, and more importantly, does not generate gas. Therefore, the dosage and adsorption load during the adsorption of the subsequent adsorption material are significantly reduced.

[0092] In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment, since the adjacent cooling device 41 and adsorption device 46 are assembled by the elbow 45, it is easy to install and remove, can be applied to most existing single cells and assembled batteries, and there is no need to change the structure of the existing battery, with low processing cost and wide application range.

[0093] (Example 13) This embodiment provides a battery including the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in the above-described Embodiment 10, Embodiment 11, or Embodiment 12. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device is connected to an explosion vent or an explosion vent pipe provided in the battery housing. When thermal runaway occurs in the cells within the battery housing and the explosion vent opens, the high-temperature substances inside the battery enter the cooling device 41 through the explosion vent or the explosion vent pipe and are processed by the cooling substance in the cooling device 411. Some of the solid particles and vaporized electrolyte in the high-temperature substances are recondensed, or the adsorption material adsorbs all the liquid and the remaining combustible gas. The gas that is not adsorbed is mixed with the aerosol smoke in the dilution device 42. After the thermal runaway gas undergoes the above treatments, the electrolyte, combustible gas, and acidic gas in the thermal runaway smoke are adsorbed, diluted, and processed as much as possible, ensuring that the gas after treatment is non-combustible and then discharged, which will not cause risks such as explosion and ignition, thereby improving the safety of the battery.

[0094] (Example 14) As shown in FIGS. 17 and 19, this embodiment provides a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device including a cooling housing 51 and a cooling material. Inside the cooling housing 51, a baffle 52 is provided to partition the internal cavity of the cooling housing 51 into a cooling cavity 53 and a reflux cavity 54. The cooling material for cooling the thermal runaway smoke is filled in the cooling cavity 53. The cooling material is a physical cooling material, specifically, at least one of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide, and can cool and process the thermal runaway smoke.

[0095] In the above-mentioned cooling cavity 53, two porous plates 55 are provided. The two porous plates 55 are axially connected via a connecting rod 56, and a cooling material is filled between the two porous plates 55. In the cooling housing 51, a positioning base 57 for axially positioning the porous plate 55 is provided. A passage 521 is provided in the baffle 52. The reflux cavity 54 for collecting the electrolytic solution after cooling is located below the cooling cavity 53. The cooling housing 51 is further provided with an air inlet 511 provided above the baffle 52 and an exhaust port 512 provided at the top end of the cooling housing 51. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery, the thermal runaway smoke enters the cooling housing 51 through the air inlet 511, is cooled by the cooling material, discharged from the exhaust port 512, and the electrolytic solution after cooling flows into the reflux cavity 54. The cooling housing 51 is further provided with a drain valve 58 for discharging the electrolytic solution in the reflux cavity 54.

[0096] In this embodiment, the thermal runaway smoke is cooled by the cooling material. The electrolytic solution volatilized at high temperature is cooled by the cooling material and then refluxed into the reflux cavity, thereby reducing the concentration and proportion of the combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke, making the gas discharged from the exhaust port non-combustible, and greatly improving the safety of the battery. The reflux cavity for collecting the electrolytic solution after cooling is provided below the cooling cavity, which can prevent the electrolytic solution in the high-temperature thermal runaway smoke from being cooled and liquefied and then vaporized into the new high-temperature smoke and brought back into the cooling cavity again, and the treatment is carried out more thoroughly.

[0097] As shown in FIG. 18, in other embodiments, the baffle 52 has a funnel-shaped structure, which makes it easier for the electrolytic solution after cooling to enter the reflux cavity 54 under the action of gravity. The cooling housing 51 is a cylindrical cooling housing with good pressure resistance, its structure is stable, and it can withstand the high pressure caused by the thermal runaway smoke.

[0098] (Example 15) This embodiment provides a battery thermal runaway smoke cooling system including three battery thermal runaway smoke treatment devices as in Embodiment 14 above. The three battery thermal runaway smoke treatment devices are connected in series by hoses. The exhaust port of the first battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device is connected in series via a hose to the intake port of the second battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device. The exhaust port of the second battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device is connected in series via a hose to the intake port of the second battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device. The system connected in series has one intake port and one exhaust port. The specific number of battery thermal runaway smoke treatment devices can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0099] This embodiment further provides a battery including the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device as in Embodiment 14 above or the battery thermal runaway smoke cooling system above, with the intake port connected to the explosion vent of the battery housing.

[0100] (Embodiment 16) As shown in FIGS. 20 to 22, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling housing 611 and a honeycomb ceramic column body 612. The cooling housing is a composite structure formed by combining a plurality of parts, that is, the cooling housing includes at least a first housing and a second housing. A sealed cavity is formed surrounded by the first housing and the second housing. The honeycomb ceramic column body is provided in the sealed cavity. The first housing and / or the second housing are provided with an intake port and an exhaust port. The thermal runaway smoke enters the cooling housing through the intake port, is cooled by the honeycomb ceramic column body, and is discharged through the exhaust port.

[0101] In this embodiment, the structure of the cooling housing is not limited as long as a honeycomb ceramic column body can be attached thereto, and the cooling housing can be a rectangular housing, a circular housing, an elliptical housing, etc. As the cooling housing 611, it is preferable to adopt a circular can body excellent in force reception and pressure resistance. Specifically, it includes an intermediate cylinder 6111, a first cover plate 6112, and a second cover plate 6113. The first cover plate 6112 and the second cover plate 6113 are provided at both ends of the intermediate cylinder 6111 and are connected to the intermediate cylinder 6111 by threads to form a sealed mounting cavity. An air inlet 613 is provided on the first cover plate 6112, and an exhaust port 614 is provided on the second cover plate 6113. Correspondingly, the honeycomb ceramic column body 612 has a cylindrical structure, and the cooling housing 611 is completely filled by the cylinder. The thermal runaway smoke enters the cooling housing 611 through the air inlet 613 to be cooled and is discharged through the exhaust port 614.

[0102] To realize reliable attachment of the honeycomb ceramic column body 612, a position limiting protrusion 616 for limiting the position of the honeycomb ceramic column body 612 can be provided at one end of the cooling housing 611, and a spring 615 can also be provided in the cooling housing 611. The spring 615 is provided at the other end of the honeycomb ceramic column body 612 and is used to realize buffering and protection for the honeycomb ceramic column body 612. Further, the spring may be provided at both ends of the honeycomb ceramic column body and is used to realize buffering and protection for the honeycomb ceramic column body.

[0103] The device of this embodiment uses a physical cooling material to cool down and buffer gas for the substances ejected during the thermal runaway of the battery. This type of substance has a good cooling effect, stable properties, and no gas generation. After the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device cools down and adsorbs the thermal runaway smoke, the amount of combustible gas and the total amount of gas discharged into the environment are significantly reduced. In this way, the temperature of the combustible gas in the gas discharged after the cooling treatment can be lowered below its spontaneous ignition point, and the gas concentration can be lowered below its explosion limit, thereby avoiding secondary disasters such as explosion and ignition of the battery caused by thermal runaway and reducing environmental pollution.

[0104] (Example 17) As shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling housing 611 and a honeycomb ceramic column body 612. As the cooling housing 611, a circular can body with excellent force bearing and pressure resistance is adopted. Specifically, it includes a first housing and a second housing. The first housing and the second housing are the first semi-circular housing 6114 and the second semi-circular housing 6115. The two semi-circular housings are combined and installed to form a cavity. The first semi-circular housing 6114 and the second semi-circular housing 6115 may be connected by a flange or may be connected by a locking member. In this case, an air inlet 613 or an exhaust port 614 is provided on each of the first semi-circular housing and the second semi-circular housing, or the air inlet 613 and the exhaust port 614 are provided on the same semi-circular housing. Correspondingly, the honeycomb ceramic column body 612 has a cylindrical structure, and the cooling housing 611 is completely filled by the cylinder. Furthermore, a metal coating for adsorbing combustible gas is provided on the porous structure of the honeycomb ceramic column body 612. The metal coating is at least one of a rhodium layer, a platinum layer, and a palladium layer. The thermal runaway smoke enters the cooling housing 611 through the air inlet 613, is cooled by the honeycomb ceramic column body 612, and combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and hydrogen are adsorbed by the metal coating.

[0105] In this embodiment, since the honeycomb ceramic column body is a base material coated with a coating layer containing precious metals such as the metal catalysts platinum, rhodium, and palladium, the honeycomb ceramic column body can not only cool the thermal runaway smoke, but also treat combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Therefore, it can absorb the heat of the smoke, reduce the phase amount of the volatile gas, and make the gas discharged from the exhaust port non-combustible.

[0106] (Example 18) As shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, this embodiment provides a battery thermal runaway smoke cooling system including a plurality of battery thermal runaway smoke treatment devices 61 in Example 16 or Example 17, and the plurality of battery thermal runaway smoke treatment devices 61 are connected in series by a hose 62. In this embodiment, the arrangement method of the cooling housing 611 is not limited as long as it can meet the usage requirements. The honeycomb ceramic column body 612 inside the cooling housing 611 may be partially filled or entirely filled in order to meet different usage requirements. With this battery thermal runaway smoke cooling system, the travel of the smoke is lengthened, space is saved, and it is easy to assemble. Furthermore, a cooling reflux tank 63 for storing the electrolyte can also be provided at the air inlet of the first cooling housing 611, and the exhaust port 614 of the Nth cooling housing 611 is connected to a gas collection device 64. In this way, secondary disasters such as explosion and ignition of the battery caused by leakage of combustible gas due to thermal runaway are avoided. Since the N cooling tank bodies are assembled by a hose 62, it is easy to install and remove, can be applied to most existing single cells and assembled batteries, and there is no need to change the structure of the existing battery. It has low processing cost, a wide application range, can be arranged according to the mounting space requirements, meets various mounting requirements, and saves space.

[0107] This embodiment further provides a battery including the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device 61 in the above-described Embodiment 16 or Embodiment 17, or including the above battery thermal runaway smoke cooling system. The air inlet 613 of the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device 61 is connected to an explosion vent or explosion vent pipe provided in the battery housing or battery casing. When thermal runaway occurs in the cells within the battery housing and the explosion vent opens, the high-temperature substances inside the battery enter the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device 61 through the explosion vent or explosion vent pipe, and are cooled by the honeycomb ceramic column body 612 within the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device 61. As a result, some of the solid particles and vaporized electrolyte in the high-temperature substances are recondensed. At the same time, the metal coating can treat flammable gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and hydrogen, and the small molecule gases that are not adsorbed, such as nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide, are discharged through the exhaust port 614. Since this device cools, adsorbs, and then discharges various substances generated after the thermal runaway of the battery, it will not cause risks such as explosion and ignition.

[0108] The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application further includes a liquid treatment agent for battery thermal runaway smoke mainly composed of one or more of an electrolyte adsorbent, a flammable gas treatment agent, and an acidic gas treatment agent. The electrolyte adsorbent is a liquid compatible with the electrolyte and is used to adsorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke to stop the decomposition and volatilization of the electrolyte. The flammable gas treatment agent is a liquid that can dilute the flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke. The acidic gas treatment agent is a liquid that treats the acidic gas in the thermal runaway smoke to make the acidic gas non-combustible. The above electrolyte adsorbent is an electrolyte activity inhibitor, the above flammable gas treatment agent is a liquid flame retardant, and the above acidic gas treatment agent is an ionic liquid. The electrolyte activity inhibitor is a liquid with a high boiling point (150 °C or higher) and compatible with the electrolyte and is used to adsorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke. Specifically, the electrolyte activity inhibitor is one or more of liquid organic ether, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubber. The above liquid flame retardant is used to dilute the flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke to reduce its flammability. The above ionic liquid is used to treat the acidic gas in the thermal runaway smoke to effectively reduce its flammability. When treating the thermal runaway smoke, one of the above electrolyte activity inhibitor, liquid flame retardant, and ionic liquid may be used alone, or they may be used in combination. The liquid adsorbent is easy to store and difficult to volatilize at room temperature. It mainly uses a liquid compatible with the electrolyte and / or a liquid compatible with the flammable gas to treat the thermal runaway smoke, so that the flammability of the smoke can be reduced and the adsorption effect can be improved.

[0109] The main function of the electrolyte activity inhibitor in this embodiment is to dissolve the small droplets of the electrolyte vaporized after the thermal runaway of the battery. The advantages are that it has a high boiling point and is difficult to volatilize, is compatible with the electrolyte, can lower the temperature of the electrolyte, and stop the volatilization of flammable gases due to the continuous decomposition of the electrolyte. The main function of the liquid flame retardant is to reduce the flammability of the electrolyte and the combustible concentration of flammable gases. The advantages are that it is compatible with the electrolyte and can lower the temperature of the electrolyte. The main function of the ionic liquid is to remove hydrogen fluoride, a small amount of combustible acidic gas, through reaction. The advantages are that it is inexpensive and easily available and can reduce the concentration of flammable gases. The above three liquid substances may be used in combination or alone. After the thermal runaway gas passes through the above adsorption liquid, the electrolyte, flammable gases and acidic gases in the lithium battery runaway smoke are adsorbed and treated as much as possible, ensuring that the treated gas is non-combustible, improving the purification effect, and greatly improving the safety of the lithium battery.

[0110] (Example 19) The liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke provided in this embodiment mainly consists of an electrolyte activity inhibitor, a liquid flame retardant, and an ionic liquid. The electrolyte activity inhibitor is a liquid with a boiling point of 150 °C or higher and is compatible with the electrolyte. Specifically, it includes one or more of liquid organic ether, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubber, and is used to adsorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke. The liquid flame retardant is used to dilute the combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke to reduce its flammability. Specifically, it includes one or more of ethyl benzoate, trimethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trifluoroethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, tris(isopropylphenyl) phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl monooctyl phosphate, alkyl phosphate ester, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite, fluorinated acrylate, dimethyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, γ-butyrolactone. The ionic liquid is used to treat the acidic gas in the thermal runaway smoke and specifically may include one or more of imidazoles, quaternary ammonium salts, pyridines, and pyrazoles. In this embodiment, the volume parts of each component of the liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke are 20 - 50 parts of the electrolyte activity inhibitor, 30 - 60 parts of the liquid flame retardant, and 5 - 30 parts of the ionic liquid. Preferably, it is 35 - 50 parts of the electrolyte activity inhibitor, 45 - 60 parts of the liquid flame retardant, and 5 - 20 parts of the ionic liquid. Most preferably, the volume ratio of the electrolyte activity inhibitor, the liquid flame retardant, and the ionic liquid is 1:1:0.2, that is, 45 parts of the electrolyte activity inhibitor, 45 parts of the liquid flame retardant, and 9 parts of the ionic liquid. After the thermal runaway smoke passes through the above adsorption liquid, the electrolyte, combustible gas, and acidic gas in the lithium battery runaway smoke are adsorbed and treated as much as possible, ensuring that the treated gas is non-combustible, improving the purification effect, and greatly improving the safety of the lithium battery. The treated gas is a non-combustible and safe gas.

[0111] (Example 20) The liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke provided in this embodiment mainly consists of two of an electrolyte activity inhibitor, a liquid flame retardant, and an ionic liquid. The electrolyte activity inhibitor is a liquid with a boiling point of 150 °C or higher and is compatible with the electrolyte. Specifically, it contains one or more of liquid organic ether, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubber, and is used to adsorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke. The liquid flame retardant is used to dilute the combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke to reduce its flammability. Specifically, it contains one or more of ethyl benzoate, trimethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trifluoroethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, tris(isopropylphenyl) phosphate, cresyldiphenyl phosphate, diphenylmonooctyl phosphate, alkyl phosphate ester, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite, fluorinated acrylate, dimethyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, γ-butyrolactone. The ionic liquid is used to treat the acidic gas in the thermal runaway smoke and may specifically contain one or more of imidazoles, quaternary ammonium salts, pyridines, and pyrazoles. In this embodiment, the volume parts of each component of the liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke are 20 - 50 parts of the electrolyte activity inhibitor and 30 - 60 parts of the liquid flame retardant, or 20 - 50 parts of the electrolyte activity inhibitor and 5 - 30 parts of the ionic liquid, or 30 - 60 parts of the liquid flame retardant and 5 - 30 parts of the ionic liquid. Preferably, it is 35 - 50 parts of the electrolyte activity inhibitor and 45 - 60 parts of the liquid flame retardant, or 35 - 50 parts of the electrolyte activity inhibitor and 5 - 20 parts of the ionic liquid, or 45 - 60 parts of the liquid flame retardant and 5 - 20 parts of the ionic liquid. Most preferably, the volume ratio of the electrolyte activity inhibitor, the liquid flame retardant, and the ionic liquid is 1:1:0.2. After the thermal runaway smoke passes through the above adsorption liquid, the electrolyte, combustible gas, and acidic gas in the lithium battery runaway smoke are adsorbed and treated as much as possible, ensuring that the treated gas is non-combustible, improving the purification effect, and greatly improving the safety of the lithium battery. The treated gas is a non-combustible and safe gas.

[0112] (Example 21) The lithium battery thermal runaway smoke liquid treatment agent provided in this embodiment mainly consists of an electrolyte activity inhibitor. The electrolyte activity inhibitor is one or more of liquid organic ether, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubber. This type of substance has good solubility and a relatively high boiling point, so it can reduce the concentration of flammable products such as carbon monoxide. The liquid organic ether may specifically include one or more of methyl perfluorobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethoxymethane (DMM), methyl nonafluorobutyl ether (MFE), tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethyl methyl tetrahydrofuran (2-Me-THF), benzenes, and biphenyl. In this embodiment, the above liquids can be arbitrarily combined, and the volume parts of liquid organic ether, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubber are not limited. Since the electrolyte activity inhibitor is a liquid with a boiling point of 150°C or higher and is compatible with the electrolyte, it can be compatible with the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway smoke, does not volatilize at room temperature, can fully absorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke, and prevent the further combustion of the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke, thus avoiding the occurrence of safety hazards.

[0113] (Example 22) The liquid treatment agent for the thermal runaway smoke of the lithium battery provided in this embodiment mainly consists of a liquid flame retardant. The liquid flame retardant is a flame retardant material that reduces flammability. Specifically, it includes one or more of ethyl benzoate, trimethyl phosphate (TMP), tributyl phosphate (TBP), trifluoroethyl phosphate (TFP), dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), tris(isopropylphenyl) phosphate (IPPP), cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDP), diphenyl monooctyl phosphate (DPOF), alkyl phosphate ester, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA), tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite (TTFP), fluorinated acrylate, dimethyl formate (MF), methyl acetate, methyl propionate (MP), γ-butyrolactone (GBL). In this embodiment, the above liquids can be arbitrarily combined, and the volume parts of each component in the liquid flame retardant are not limited. Preferably, one or more of trimethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trifluoroethyl phosphate, and dimethyl methylphosphonate can be adopted. The liquid flame retardant is mainly used to reduce the flammability of the electrolyte and the combustible concentration of the combustible gas. The advantages are that it is compatible with the electrolyte, can lower the temperature of the electrolyte, dilute the combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke, and reduce flammability. Thereby, the flammability of the treated smoke is greatly reduced, the purification effect is improved, and the safety of the lithium battery is also greatly improved.

[0114] (Example 23) The liquid treatment agent for the thermal runaway smoke of the lithium battery provided in this embodiment mainly consists of an ionic liquid. The ionic liquid has the characteristics of high stability, does not decompose at 200 °C, is difficult to burn, has no corrosiveness, and good chemical or electrochemical stability. Therefore, the ionic liquid can treat the acidic gas in the thermal runaway smoke, improve the purification effect, and greatly improve the safety of the lithium battery. Specifically, the ionic liquid may include one or more of imidazoles, quaternary ammonium salts, pyridines, and pyrazoles. With the above liquids, a small amount of combustible acidic gas hydrogen fluoride can be removed by reaction. The advantages are that it is inexpensive and easily available, and can reduce the concentration of combustible gas.

[0115] (Example 24) Application of the liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke in the treatment of lithium battery runaway smoke, wherein the liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke is the liquid adsorbent in Example 19, Example 20, Example 21, Example 22 or Example 23.

Claims

1. A battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device used for treating thermal runaway smoke generated after thermal runaway of a battery, characterized in that.

2. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit. The cooling unit includes N cooling cans connected in series in sequence. In each cooling can, a cooling passage through which a coolant passes and a smoke passage through which battery thermal runaway smoke passes are provided. Also, in the cooling can, a cooling inlet and a cooling outlet communicating with the cooling passage, and a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet communicating with the smoke passage are provided. N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The adsorption unit includes M adsorption cans connected in series in sequence. Each adsorption can is filled with an adsorption material. M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The smoke inlet of the first adsorption can communicates with the smoke outlet of the Nth cooling can. The battery thermal runaway smoke is cooled by the cooling cans and then adsorbed by the adsorption cans. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that.

3. A smoke pipe is provided in the cooling can. The internal cavity of the smoke pipe is the smoke passage, and the internal cavity of the cooling can outside the smoke pipe is the cooling passage. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that.

4. The smoke pipe is distributed spirally in the cooling can and is used to increase the travel of the battery thermal runaway smoke passing through. The cooling can has a smoke inlet provided at the top of the cooling can and a smoke outlet provided at the bottom of the cooling can. The adsorption can has a smoke inlet provided at the top of the adsorption can and a smoke outlet provided at the bottom of the adsorption can. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that.

5. A reflux can is further provided at the smoke outlet of at least one cooling can. The mounting height of the reflux can is lower than the height of the smoke outlet of the cooling can, and it is used to collect the liquid medium after the thermal runaway smoke condenses. A gas collection unit for collecting the treated thermal runaway smoke is further provided at the smoke outlet of the Mth adsorption can. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that.

6. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit provided sequentially. The cooling unit is filled with a cooling material for reducing the temperature and flow rate of the thermal runaway smoke. The adsorption unit includes a first adsorption device, a second adsorption device, and a third adsorption device provided sequentially. The first adsorption device is filled with a basic adsorption material for adsorbing acidic gas. The second adsorption device is filled with a polar molecule adsorption material for adsorbing polar molecules. The third adsorption device is filled with a non-polar molecule adsorption material for adsorbing non-polar molecules. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that.

7. It further includes a reflux can, the exhaust section of the reflux can communicates with the intake section of the cooling unit, and the reflux can has an installation height lower than that of the cooling unit and is used for collecting the condensed electrolyte. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that.

8. The cooling material is silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide or honeycomb ceramics. The basic adsorption material is an SDG-I type adsorbent or an SDG-II type adsorbent. The polar molecule adsorption material is zeolite. The non-polar molecule adsorption material is activated carbon. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that.

9. It further includes a gas collection unit connected to the exhaust section of the third adsorption device. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that.

10. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a reaction unit and an adsorption unit connected to each other. The reaction unit includes N reaction devices connected in series. In the reaction device, there is provided a reactant that can chemically react with combustible gas and / or acidic gas to convert the combustible gas into an incombustible gas, convert the acidic gas into an incombustible substance, or reduce its corrosiveness. N is an integer of 1 or more. The adsorption unit includes M adsorption devices connected in series. The adsorption device is filled with a cooling material and / or an adsorption material for performing cooling and / or adsorption treatment on the thermal runaway smoke after the reaction. M is an integer of 1 or more. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that.

11. The reactants are metal oxides and / or basic compounds. The metal oxides are used to undergo a reduction reaction with a combustible gas to convert the combustible gas into a non-combustible gas. The basic compounds are used to undergo a neutralization reaction with an acidic gas to convert the acidic gas into a non-combustible substance or reduce its corrosiveness. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 10, characterized in that.

12. The metal oxides are one or more of cuprous oxide, cuprous oxide, ferric oxide, aluminum oxide, cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, tungsten oxide. The basic compounds are one or more of strong bases, weak acid salts of strong bases, and basic organic substances. The cooling material is one or a combination of a plurality of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide. The adsorption material is one or a combination of a plurality of activated carbon, graphite, aluminum oxide, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, and porous glass. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 11, characterized in that.

13. Adjacent reaction devices and / or adsorption devices are connected in series by elbows, and a buffer reflux cavity through which the thermal runaway smoke passes is formed in the elbows. A gas collection bag for collecting the treated thermal runaway smoke is further connected to the outlet of the last adsorption device. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 10, characterized in that.

14. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling unit, a dilution unit, and a mixing device. The cooling unit includes N cooling devices connected in series, and a first cooling substance for cooling the thermal runaway smoke is filled in the cooling devices. N is an integer of 1 or more. The dilution unit is used to generate a dilution gas and / or dilution smoke. The dilution gas and / or dilution smoke and the thermal runaway smoke after cooling treatment are mixed in the mixing device to reduce the concentration of the combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke and make it non-combustible. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that.

15. The dilution unit includes a dilution device provided with an aerosol generator and a sensor switch that activates the dilution device after detecting the thermal runaway smoke to generate aerosol smoke that is mixed with the thermal runaway smoke after cooling treatment in the mixing device. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 14, characterized in that...

16. In the dilution device and / or the mixing device, a second cooling substance for cooling the dilution gas, the dilution smoke, and / or the gas after mixing is further provided. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 15, characterized in that...

17. The first cooling substance is a physical cooling substance, the second cooling substance is a physical cooling substance and / or a chemical cooling substance, the physical cooling substance is at least one of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramics, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide, and the chemical cooling substance is at least one of metal carbonates and basic carbonates. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 16, characterized in that...

18. Adjacent cooling devices are connected in series by a hose or an elbow, and a buffer reflux cavity through which the thermal runaway smoke passes is formed in the hose or the elbow. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that...

19. Further includes an adsorption unit including at least one adsorption device, the adsorption device is provided at the outlet end of the Nth cooling device, and an adsorption substance for adsorbing the thermal runaway smoke after the cooling treatment is provided therein. The thermal runaway smoke after the adsorption treatment is mixed with the dilution gas and / or the dilution smoke in the mixing device. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that...

20. A gas collection unit for collecting the treated thermal runaway smoke is further connected to the outlet of the mixing device. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that...

21. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling housing provided with a baffle for partitioning the internal cavity of the cooling housing into a cooling cavity and a reflux cavity, and a cooling material filled in the cooling cavity for cooling the thermal runaway smoke. A passage is provided in the baffle, the reflux cavity is located below the cooling cavity and is used for collecting the electrolytic solution after cooling. The cooling housing is provided with an air inlet and an exhaust outlet. The thermal runaway smoke enters the cooling housing through the air inlet, is cooled by the cooling material, and is discharged from the exhaust outlet. The electrolytic solution after cooling flows into the reflux cavity. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that...

22. The intake port is provided above the baffle, the exhaust port is provided at the top of the cooling housing, and the cooling housing is provided with a drain valve for discharging the electrolytic solution in the reflux cavity. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 21, characterized in that.

23. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling housing and a honeycomb ceramic column body. The cooling housing includes at least a first housing and a second housing. The first housing and the second housing surround and form a sealed cavity. The honeycomb ceramic column body is provided in the sealed cavity. The first housing and / or the second housing are provided with an intake port and an exhaust port. The thermal runaway smoke enters the cooling housing through the intake port, is cooled by the honeycomb ceramic column body, and is discharged from the exhaust port. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that.

24. The porous structure of the honeycomb ceramic column body is provided with a metal coating for adsorbing combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke. The metal coating is at least one of a rhodium layer, a platinum layer, and a palladium layer. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 23, characterized in that.

25. It includes a liquid treatment agent for battery thermal runaway smoke mainly composed of one or more of an electrolytic solution adsorbent, a combustible gas treatment agent, and an acidic gas treatment agent. The electrolytic solution adsorbent is a liquid compatible with the electrolytic solution and is used to adsorb the electrolytic solution in the thermal runaway smoke. The combustible gas treatment agent is a liquid capable of diluting the combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke. The acidic gas treatment agent is a liquid for treating the acidic gas in the thermal runaway smoke so as to make the acidic gas non-combustible. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that.

26. The electrolytic solution adsorbent is an electrolytic solution activity inhibitor, the combustible gas treatment agent is a liquid flame retardant, and the acidic gas treatment agent is an ionic liquid. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 25, characterized in that.

27. The electrolyte activity inhibitor contains one or more of liquid organic ethers, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubbers. The liquid organic ether contains one or more of methyl perfluorobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethoxymethane, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl methyl tetrahydrofuran, benzenes, and biphenyl. The liquid flame retardant contains one or more of ethyl benzoate, trimethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trifluoroethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, tris(isopropylphenyl) phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl monooctyl phosphate, alkyl phosphate ester, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite, fluorinated acrylate, dimethyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, and γ-butyrolactone. The ionic liquid contains one or more of imidazoles, quaternary ammonium salts, pyridines, and pyrazoles. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 26, characterized in that.

28. The liquid treatment agent for battery thermal runaway smoke mainly consists of components with volume parts of 20 to 50 parts of electrolyte activity inhibitor, 30 to 60 parts of liquid flame retardant, and 5 to 30 parts of ionic liquid. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 26, characterized in that.

29. Use of the liquid treatment agent for battery thermal runaway smoke according to any one of claims 25 to 28 in the treatment of battery thermal runaway smoke.

30. A battery characterized by including the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 24.

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