Beverage or food preparation systems

Abstract

1. A container for use in a beverage or food preparation machine, comprising: a storage portion for containing a precursor material; a code storing preparation information to be used by the machine to process the precursor material, the code being readable by a code reading system of the machine, the code having an illumination system that irradiates the code with radiation; and a camera system that captures a digital image of the code, the code being readable by a code reading system of the machine ...

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates generally to an electrically operated beverage or food preparation system in which beverages or foods are prepared from pre-portioned capsules. [Background technology]

[0002] A system for preparing a beverage includes a beverage preparation machine and a capsule. The capsule contains a serving of beverage-forming precursor material, such as ground coffee or tea. The beverage preparation machine is configured to perform a beverage preparation process on the capsule, typically by exposing the precursor material to pressurized and heated water. Treating the capsule in this manner causes the precursor material to be at least partially extracted from the capsule as a beverage.

[0003] This configuration of beverage preparation machine has grown in popularity due to 1) improved user convenience compared to traditional beverage preparation machines (e.g., compared to manually operated stovetop espresso makers), and 2) an improved beverage preparation process in which brewing information encoded by a code on the capsule to define a recipe is read by the machine, which in turn uses the recipe to optimize the brewing process in a capsule-specific manner. In particular, the encoded brewing information may include selected operating parameters in the beverage preparation process, including fluid temperature, fluid pressure, brewing duration, and fluid volume.

[0004] EP 2594171 A1 discloses a machine for reading codes from the underside of the flange of a capsule. A drawback is that the code can only be read from a rigid support, making it impossible to apply the code to more flexible capsule parts, such as the closure. Furthermore, the code is adapted to be read based on being formed on an optically opaque carrier material.

[0005] Therefore, despite the efforts already expended in developing such systems, further improvements are desirable. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present disclosure provides a container for use in a machine for preparing beverages and / or food, in an embodiment the container includes a body portion with a reservoir portion for containing precursor material.

[0007] In embodiments, the container includes a closure member for closing the storage portion (e.g., in the case of a container configured as a capsule). In embodiments, the closure member overlaps the precursor material contained in the storage portion. As used herein, the term "overlapping" with respect to the closure member and precursor material can refer to a plane of the closure member having a normal that intersects with the precursor material. For example, the normal may be in the depth direction, and the closure member may extend in a plane defined by the lateral and longitudinal directions. In embodiments, the storage portion has a cavity extending in the depth direction from the closure member. In embodiments, the body portion includes a flange portion for connecting the storage portion to the closure member. In embodiments, the flange portion and / or the closure member extend in a plane defined by the lateral and longitudinal directions. The cavity of the storage portion extends in the depth direction from the flange. In embodiments, the flange is flat. As used herein, the term "flat" with respect to a flange can refer to a flange that is positioned to extend completely in the lateral and longitudinal directions or to extend substantially in those directions (e.g., with major components in the lateral and longitudinal directions, but not in the depth direction).

[0008] In embodiments, the body portion is formed of walls that are joined at seams and / or folded (eg, in the case of a container configured as a packet).

[0009] The container includes a code for (e.g., configured for) storing preparation information. The preparation information may be used by the machine to process the precursor material. In embodiments, the code is configured to be readable by a code reading system of the machine, which may include an illumination system for irradiating the code for reading (e.g., by illumination) and a camera system (e.g., for capturing a digital image of the code upon receiving the radiation). The preparation information may be associated with the container and, for example, selected to correspond to the precursor material and / or container dimensions, so that the processing unit of the machine can be controlled in a process specifically adapted for the particular container. In embodiments, the closure member includes a code formed, for example, as one or more layers thereof. As used herein, the term "code" can refer to one or more iterations of the code, each storing preparation information and separately readable. In embodiments, the code and associated layers extend in a plane defined by the lateral and longitudinal directions and have a thickness in the depth direction.

[0010] In embodiments, the cord is positioned so that it overlaps the precursor material (e.g., the normal to the plane in which the cord is positioned extends into the precursor material such that radiation from the illumination system is irradiated into the precursor material). For example, the cord is positioned on a closure member or on a wall of the packet. In embodiments, the cord is positioned so that it does not overlap the precursor material, for example, on a flange or seam of the packet.

[0011] In embodiments, the radiation from the illumination system has a wavelength greater than 700 nm or 800 nm. The radiation may be at substantially infrared wavelengths. The radiation may have a peak at any value between 800 and 1000 nm, with a HWHM of ±100, 50, or 25 nm. The camera system may be correspondingly configured to acquire digital images within that wavelength range. The camera system may include a high-pass filter to pass wavelengths greater than 700 nm or 800 nm. The radiation and / or camera system may operate at a maximum wavelength of 1200 nm or 1500 nm.

[0012] [Radiation-transparent support layer] In an embodiment, the container comprises a support layer for supporting the cord. In an embodiment, the support layer is made of a material that is at least partially transparent to radiation (e.g., to light) from the lighting system (e.g., some or all of the radiation may pass through the support layer). In an embodiment, the cord comprises an absorbing layer configured to absorb radiation and a reflective layer configured to reflect radiation, the reflective layer being arranged to reflect radiation before it is transmitted to the support layer.

[0013] By implementing a transparent support layer (a support layer made of a material that is at least partially transparent to the radiation from the illumination system), the support layer may be thin enough to be penetrable by a machine (for processing the precursor material) while still being able to support the closure member-forming layer, and / or the support layer may be made of a biodegradable material (which is generally optically transparent). Examples include paper or biodegradable plastic. A reflective layer may compensate for the transparency of the support layer by reflecting radiation before it reaches the support layer, while an absorbing layer may absorb radiation; the combination of both layers allows the units of the code to be distinguished against a contrasting background. In one example without a reflective layer, radiation may penetrate the support member and be absorbed by the precursor material, which may not allow for adequate contrast with the absorbing layer.

[0014] In an embodiment, the reflective layer is continuous. By implementing a reflective layer that is integrally disposed (e.g., over the area including the absorbing layer), a large uniform reflection of radiation beneath the absorbing layer may be achieved, which may improve the readability of the code.

[0015] In an embodiment, the reflective layer is connected (including directly or via an adhesive or other connection) to the support layer so that the reflective layer is adjacent to the support layer. Connecting the reflective layer to the support layer may ensure that radiation is reflected before passing through the support layer.

[0016] In embodiments, the support layer extends in a plane defined by the lateral and longitudinal directions and has a thickness in a depth direction, which extends from the outer surface (e.g., the outer surface of the closure member, or in other embodiments, the portion of the container that comprises the cord). The outer surface may comprise the exposed surface of the protective layer, or in embodiments without the protective layer, the cord may comprise the exposed surface of the absorbent layer.

[0017] In an embodiment, the reflective layer is arranged to overlie the entire support layer when viewed in that plane. By overlaying the reflective layer over the entire support layer (e.g., in the area including the absorbing layer of the code), it may be ensured that radiation is reflected before passing through the support layer.

[0018] In embodiments, the absorbing layer is disposed depthwise between the reflective layer and the outer surface such that the absorbing layer is closest to the outer surface than the reflective layer, and the reflective layer is disposed depthwise between the support layer and the outer surface. By disposing the absorbing layer closest to the outer surface, the absorbing layer can absorb radiation that is not interrupted by the reflective layer, and the reflective layer is disposed to subsequently reflect the radiation and prevent its absorption by the support layer and / or precursor material.

[0019] In embodiments, the portion of the container comprising the support layer and cord (and other layers, including barrier and protective layers, if present, e.g., the entire closure) is configured to be penetrable by one or more piercing points, each having a tip angle of 70-30 degrees, when subjected to a force greater than a threshold. The tips may be fully circular with a radius corresponding to the tip angle. The threshold force may be 7-10 N or 5-15 N per piercing point. Alternatively, the threshold may be a total force of 700 N (±20% or ±30%) applied to all piercing points, for example, a total of 88 or 50-150 piercing points.

[0020] By implementing this threshold penetration, the support layer can be pierced by machines during processing, but not accidentally pierced when handled. In embodiments, the support layer is the primary support layer, e.g., capable of withstanding a higher tensile strength than other layers. In embodiments, the support layer has a thickness of 50 to 150 μm.

[0021] In embodiments, the support layer transmits at least 30-80% of the radiation from the lighting system. Due to its transparency to radiation, the support layer may be thin so that it is machine-penetrable and / or biodegradable. In embodiments, the precursor material absorbs at least 60% of the radiation from the lighting system. In embodiments, the support layer comprises one or more of: paper-based, aluminum-based, and plastic-based.

[0022] In an embodiment, the absorbent layer comprises carbon and the reflective layer does not comprise carbon. The support layer may also be carbon-free. In an embodiment, the absorbent layer is formed of a black ink that comprises carbon, and the reflective layer is formed of one or more inks that do not comprise carbon, such as a white ink. The use of carbon as an absorber and the absence of carbon as a reflector allows the code to be conveniently read in the infrared spectrum. The layers may also be conveniently formed using inks by printing.

[0023] In an embodiment, the reflective layer is configured to diffusely reflect radiation. The reflectivity for radiation may be at least 70%. Diffusely reflecting light may provide a convenient homogeneous background (e.g., white) for the code (since an alternative to specular reflection may be readable as a saturated white spot). In an embodiment, the absorbing layer has a reflectivity of less than 10%. The lower reflectivity compared to the reflective layer may provide adequate contrast between the layers when reading the code. In an embodiment, the thickness of the absorbing layer and / or reflective layer is 1-5 μm.

[0024] [Support layer with specular reflection] In an embodiment, the support layer is configured for specular reflection of radiation from the illumination system, and the code comprises an absorbing layer configured to absorb the radiation and a reflective layer arranged to diffusely reflect the radiation, the reflective layer being arranged to reflect the radiation before it is transmitted to the support layer.

[0025] By implementing the support layer for specular reflection, a particular surface finish can be provided (e.g., so that at least 50%, 70%, or 80% of the light reflected from the support layer is reflected as specular reflection). The specular reflection can also illuminate the code to improve reading, but the reflective layer can reflect most of the radiation before it penetrates the support layer, and can also reflect any of the radiation reflected from the support layer so that the code reader does not see the specular reflection, which could otherwise cause saturation of the digital image of the code. Specular reflection may also be achieved by a particular smoothness or other surface finish, such as aluminum or other polished / smooth metal.

[0026] In an embodiment, the reflective layer is continuous, the reflective layer is connected to the support layer so as to be adjacent to the support layer, the support layer extends in a plane defined by the lateral and longitudinal directions and has a thickness in the depth direction, and the reflective layer overlaps the entire support layer when viewed in that plane.

[0027] In embodiments, the support layer extends in a plane defined by the lateral and longitudinal directions and has a thickness in a depth direction, the depth direction extending from the outer surface, the absorbing layer being disposed in the depth direction between the reflective layer and the outer surface such that the absorbing layer is closest to the outer surface than the reflective layer, and the reflective layer being disposed in the depth direction between the support layer and the outer surface, In embodiments, the absorbing layer is disposed so as to entirely overlie the reflective layer when viewed in that plane.

[0028] In embodiments, the support layer is configured to provide at least 60%, 80%, or 90% of the tensile strength of the associated laminate, including the support layer, reflective layer, and absorbent layer (and any other layers that may optionally be present, such as protective and barrier layers). By implementing the support layer to provide the primary structural support under tension relative to the other layers present, the support layer may provide structural strength to resist accidental penetration due to handling and adequate support to allow reading of the supported code, for example, without distortion. In embodiments, the support layer has a thickness of 2 to 50 μm or 5 to 10 μm.

[0029] In an embodiment, the support layer has a reflectivity of at least 70%. By implementing the support layer to reflect a significant amount of incident radiation, the code can be illuminated for more convenient reading. In an embodiment, the support layer is optically opaque.

[0030] In embodiments, the reflective layer is configured to diffusely reflect radiation. The reflectivity for radiation may be at least 70% or 80%. Diffusely reflecting light can provide a convenient homogeneous background (e.g., white) for the code (since an alternative to specular reflection may be readable as a saturated white spot). In embodiments, the absorbing layer has a reflectivity of less than 10%. The lower reflectivity compared to the reflective layer can provide adequate contrast between layers when reading the code. In embodiments, the absorbing layer and / or the reflective layer have a thickness of 1 to 5 μm. The reflective layer may have a white surface. The reflective layer may be configured for diffuse reflection, for example, it may have a surface finish, such as a rough, matte surface, that diffusely reflects the wavelength of radiation.

[0031] In embodiments, the reflective layer is configured to diffusely reflect radiation. At least 60%, or 70% to 80% of the radiation may be reflected as diffuse light. Diffuse light may be defined as light that is substantially uniform in intensity due to scattering by the surface of the reflective layer.

[0032] In embodiments, the reflective layer may be partial to radiation, including transmitting less than 20% or 30% of the radiation, with an optional minimum transmittance of 5% or 10%. By allowing some of the radiation to pass through the reflective layer, that transmitted light may be transmitted to the support layer. In the case of a specular support layer, such transmittance may allow the surface finish of the support layer to be observed through the code. A slight transmittance may be achieved by white ink printing.

[0033] In embodiments, the absorbing layer has a reflectivity of less than 10% or 30%.

[0034] In embodiments, the support layer is aluminum-based. The aluminum support layer may be food-safe and / or provide a barrier to moisture and / or oxygen. The aluminum system may include aluminum polymers, including, for example, PET12u / Alu30 / BOPP30.

[0035] [Precursor material as an absorber layer] In an embodiment, the container comprises a cord arranged to overlie the precursor material and a support layer supporting the cord, the support layer being at least partially transparent to radiation from the lighting system, the cord comprising a reflective layer configured to reflect radiation before the radiation is transmitted to the support layer, and the precursor material is arranged to absorb the radiation.

[0036] By implementing a support layer that is transparent to the radiation and the precursor material that absorbs the radiation, the precursor material may be visible in a digital image as a dark periphery, and the reflective layer forms units of the code that are visible as light areas on a dark border. Dedicated absorbent layers in the code or other components of the container (e.g., closure member) may be dispensed with, which may make forming the code more convenient.

[0037] In embodiments, the precursor material absorbs at least 60% of the radiation from the illumination system. By implementing the precursor material so that it absorbs a large portion of the radiation, for example, more than 50% or 70%, the precursor material can provide a uniform and relatively dark background in the image.

[0038] In an embodiment, the precursor material comprises ground coffee, which has been found to have high absorbance of selected wavelengths of radiation disclosed herein due to its high carbon content.

[0039] In embodiments, the reflective layer is configured to diffusely reflect radiation. By implementing the reflector to substantially diffusely reflect radiation, the units of the code may be accurately readable, as opposed to, for example, specular reflection, which may cause saturation in a digital image. The diffuse reflection may be uniform across the reflective layer, including minimal specular reflection (e.g., less than 10% or 5% is specular).

[0040] In embodiments, the reflective layer is configured to have a reflectivity of at least 60%, 70%, or 80% to the radiation. By implementing the reflective layer to have a relatively high reflectivity to the precursor material, there can be adequate contrast between the reflective layer and the precursor material in the image.

[0041] In embodiments, the reflective layer is formed of one or more inks that are carbon-free and the precursor material contains carbon. By implementing the reflective layer so that it is carbon-free, the presence of carbon in the precursor material may be utilized to improve the contrast of the reflective layer when subjected to radiation from a light source having a wavelength greater than 700 nm or 800 nm, and the camera system is positioned to detect light of that wavelength.

[0042] [Information carrying layer] In an embodiment, the code is readable by a code reading system of a machine, the code reading system comprising an illumination system that illuminates the code with radiation of 700 nm or 800 nm or greater, a camera system operating at wavelengths of 700 nm or greater or 800 nm or greater that captures a digital image of the code, the code being arranged to absorb and / or reflect radiation for capture in the digital image by the camera system, and an information-bearing layer comprising container information visible at visible wavelengths and having a relatively low absorbance and / or reflectance for the radiation, the information-bearing layer being arranged in operative proximity to the code layer to conceal the code. The container information on the information-bearing layer may be arranged to be readable by a user.

[0043] By implementing the code so that it is readable at substantially infrared wavelengths (e.g., greater than 700 nm, and possibly up to 100 μm), reading of the code may not be interfered with by an information-bearing layer that is visible at visible wavelengths (e.g., 380-700 nm) but does not absorb (including substantially absorb) or reflect (including substantially reflect) those wavelengths. Furthermore, because the information-bearing layer is visible in the visible wavelength range, it may be used to present information to a user while reducing the visibility of the code in the visible wavelength range.

[0044] As used herein, the term "container information" may refer to information related to the container and / or precursor material and may include, for example, one or more of an identifier used by a user to identify the container or the beverage to be prepared therefrom, information that a user may use to select operating parameters of the machine (e.g., milk portion and / or milk preparation parameters, or the amount of water the container requires (and that must be present in the machine) for the preparation process, or the amount of beverage to be prepared so that the user may select the appropriate cup size), information to identify the manufacturer of the container, expiration information, and other information. The container information on the information-bearing layer may be arranged to be readable by a user.

[0045] As used herein, the term "operably adjacent" may refer to a positional arrangement of the information-bearing layer and the code such that the code is concealed by the information-bearing layer, and such arrangement may include one or more of overlapping (which may include above or below the code relative to the outer surface of the layer), adjacent, e.g., close (including within 10 or 30% of the side length or diameter of the code), or touching when viewed perpendicular to the plane in which the code is arranged (which may include above or below the code relative to the outer surface of the layer).

[0046] As used herein, the term "concealing the code" can refer to an information-bearing layer being arranged to reduce the visibility of the code in the visible wavelength band compared to its presence without the information-bearing layer, which may be achieved by the object of the information-bearing layer having a characteristic dimension (which may be the largest dimension of the object) that is at least 2-10 times the characteristic dimension of the code (which may be the side length or diameter of the code). The characteristic dimension of the object may be up to 30 times the characteristic dimension of the code.

[0047] In embodiments, the code is not readable at visible wavelengths due to the presence of an information-bearing layer in the digital image. Such a configuration may define the code as being hidden.

[0048] In an embodiment, the information-bearing layer has an absorbance of less than 20% for the radiation and a reflectance of less than 30% for said radiation. By implementing the information-bearing layer to have said low absorbance and low reflectance for the radiation and / or wavelengths at which the camera system operates, the information-bearing layer can have reduced / no appearance in the digital image and therefore can have low / no interference with code reading.

[0049] In embodiments, the information-bearing layer is continuous. By implementing an information-bearing layer that is integrally constructed (e.g., over an area that includes the absorbent layer), the information-bearing capacity can be increased while conveniently hiding the code. In embodiments, the information-bearing layer is adjacent to the code. By implementing the information-bearing layer directly adjacent to the code (e.g., the absorbent layer and / or its reflective layer), the code can be properly hidden.

[0050] In embodiments, the information-bearing layer extends in a plane defined by the lateral and longitudinal directions and has a thickness in a depth direction extending from the outer surface. In embodiments, the information-bearing layer is positioned to overlie the entire code when viewed in that plane. By implementing the information-bearing layer so that it overlies the code (e.g., the absorbent layer and / or its reflective layer), the code can be adequately hidden.

[0051] In embodiments, the code (e.g., its absorbent layer) is located closest to the outer surface than the information-bearing layer. By placing the code (e.g., absorbent layer) on the outer surface than the information-bearing layer, the code can be read with minimal interference from the information-bearing layer.

[0052] In an embodiment, the code comprises an absorbing layer configured to absorb radiation and a reflective layer configured to reflect radiation, the reflective layer being configured to reflect visible wavelengths, the information-bearing layer being disposed in a depth direction between the reflective layer and an outer surface of the closure member, and the absorbing layer being disposed in a depth direction between the reflective layer and the outer surface of the closure member. By implementing the reflective layer to reflect visible wavelengths (as well as wavelengths of radiation from the illumination system), including all visible wavelengths such that it appears white, a uniform background may be provided against which the information-bearing layer is viewed.

[0053] In an embodiment, the reflective layer extends in a plane defined by the lateral and longitudinal directions, has a thickness in the depth direction, is continuous, and overlaps the information-carrying layer in that plane.

[0054] In an embodiment, the information-bearing layer includes one or more objects that provide the information. The objects may be formed in one or more different colors. The objects can provide information to the user while concealing the code. Multiple colors (e.g., formed from cyan, magenta, and yellow inks) can increase information-bearing capacity.

[0055] In an embodiment, the container comprises a color layer arranged to provide a background color. In an embodiment, the color layer is arranged in depth between the reflective layer and the outer surface. In an embodiment, the color layer is arranged in depth between the reflective layer and the information-bearing layer. In such a configuration, the color layer can provide a background color (e.g., brown) to the information-bearing layer other than the background color of the reflective layer (which may be white). In an embodiment, the color layer is continuous (e.g., integral across the reflective layer and / or information-bearing layer). In an embodiment, the color layer is formed from one or more inks that do not contain carbon. In an embodiment, the information color layer is arranged to overlie the entire information-bearing layer when viewed in that plane.

[0056] In an embodiment, the container comprises a protective layer, through which the code is readable by a code reading system. In an embodiment, the protective layer is transparent (including substantially transparent) to the radiation from the illumination system and to said radiation reflected from the reflective layer, i.e. made of a material that is at least partially transparent to the radiation from the illumination system.

[0057] In embodiments, the protective layer is moisture and / or oxygen resistant. By implementing a protective layer to provide a moisture and / or oxygen barrier, the cord can be protected from degradation and / or ensure food safety.

[0058] In an embodiment, the protective layer comprises regenerated cellulose, such as that formed from cellophane DN 22. Regenerated cellulose may be biodegradable, yet is food safe and suitably optically transparent.

[0059] In embodiments, the code (e.g., absorbent layer and / or reflective layer) is formed by printing onto the protective layer (including directly or via an intervening layer). By using a printing device to print a layer of the code directly onto the protective layer, the closure (or in other embodiments, other portions of the container that include the code) can be conveniently formed with high precision.

[0060] In embodiments, the container includes a barrier layer arranged to bind the precursor material, the barrier layer being moisture and / or oxygen resistant and may include a biodegradable polymer. The barrier layer may provide isolation of the precursor material from the support layer and / or other component layers, which may improve food safety and / or improve the longevity of the layer.

[0061] In an embodiment, the container (e.g., its closure, or in another embodiment, the portion of the container comprising the cord) is biodegradable as defined by reference to that defined by EN 13432:2000 (anaerobic conditions, including disintegration, etc.) and / or EN 14046:2004 (aerobic conditions).

[0062] In an embodiment, a container according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the material on which the cord is formed (e.g., the closure member) has a total thickness of 100 to 250 μm.

[0063] [system] The present disclosure provides a system comprising a container of any preceding embodiment or another embodiment disclosed herein and a machine for preparing a beverage or food product by processing the precursor material, the machine comprising a code reading system for reading the code, a processing unit for processing the materials in the container into a beverage or food product, and an electrical circuit for controlling the processing unit to process the container based on the preparation information.

[0064] In an embodiment, the processing unit comprises a perforator for perforating a cord-carrying portion of the container (e.g., a closure of the container). In an embodiment, the perforator is an injector for injecting liquid into the container. In an embodiment, the perforator is used to provide an outlet for a beverage or food product from the container.

[0065] The present disclosure provides a closure member for closing a storage portion of a container for use in a beverage or food preparation machine, the closure member comprising a cord and associated layer of any of the preceding embodiments or another embodiment disclosed herein.

[0066] The present disclosure provides for the use of a closure member of any of the foregoing embodiments or another embodiment disclosed herein for a container containing precursor material for use in a beverage or food preparation machine.

[0067] [Formation method] The present disclosure provides a method of forming a container (e.g., a closure or packet wall thereof) having a cord for use in a beverage or food preparation machine, which method may implement features of any other embodiment or another embodiment disclosed herein.

[0068] In an embodiment, the method comprises printing a code on a protective layer, the code being readable by a code reading system through the protective layer, the code comprising an absorbing layer configured to absorb radiation from the code reading system and a reflective layer configured to reflect (e.g., diffusely) the radiation, the reflective layer being arranged to reflect the radiation before it transmits to the support layer, and connecting the layers to the support layer, the support layer being at least partially transmissive to the radiation. In an embodiment, the support layer is configured for specular reflection of radiation from the illumination system. In an embodiment, the support layer is configured to be substantially transmissive to the radiation from the illumination system.

[0069] In an embodiment, the method comprises the steps of printing a code on a protective layer, the code being readable by a code reading system through the protective layer, the code comprising a reflective layer configured to reflect radiation from the code reading system, the reflective layer being arranged to reflect the radiation before it transmits to a support layer, and connecting the plurality of layers to a support layer, the support layer being at least partially transparent to radiation or configured for specular reflection of radiation from an illumination system.

[0070] In an embodiment, the method comprises printing a code on a protective layer, the code being readable by a code reading system through the protective layer, the code layer being arranged to absorb and / or reflect radiation for capture in a digital image by a camera system operating at wavelengths of 700 nm or greater or 800 nm or greater and printing an information-bearing layer on the protective layer, the information-bearing layer being arranged to conceal the code, the information-bearing layer comprising container information that is visible at visible wavelengths and has relatively low absorption and / or reflectivity to radiation; and bonding the plurality of layers to a support layer.

[0071] In an embodiment, the method includes disposing one or more of a code, a protective layer, an information-carrying layer, and a support layer over the precursor material (e.g., overlapping, e.g., by closing a storage portion).

[0072] [Reading method] The present disclosure provides a method for reading formulation information from a code on a container containing precursor material, which may implement features of any other embodiment or another embodiment disclosed herein.

[0073] In an embodiment, the method comprises absorbing radiation of an illumination system of a code reading system with an absorption layer of the code, reflecting (e.g., diffusely) the radiation with a reflective layer of the code such that the radiation is at least partially attenuated through a support layer that is at least partially transparent to the radiation or against a support layer configured for specular reflection, acquiring a digital image of the code layer using a camera system of the code reading system, and processing the digital image to extract the preparation information.

[0074] In an embodiment, the method includes reflecting radiation from an illumination system of a code reading system off a reflective layer of the code such that the radiation is at least partially attenuated through a support layer, the support layer being at least partially transparent to the radiation; absorbing the radiation transmitted through the support layer with a precursor material; acquiring a digital image of the code layer using a camera system of the code reading system; and processing the digital image to extract the preparation information.

[0075] In an embodiment, the method includes absorbing and / or reflecting radiation for an illumination system of a code reading system having a wavelength greater than 700 nm or 800 nm in the code, avoiding reflection or absorption of the radiation in an information-carrying layer containing container information visible at visible wavelengths, acquiring a digital image of the code layer with a camera system operating at wavelengths greater than or equal to 700 nm or greater than or equal to 800 nm, and processing the digital image to extract the preparation information.

[0076] The method of reading preparation information from the code may be implemented as part of a method of preparing a beverage or food product, the method comprising controlling a processing unit of a beverage or food preparation machine to process the container based on the determined preparation information. The method may comprise perforating a code-bearing portion of the container (e.g. a support layer of a closure) with a perforator of the beverage or food preparation machine, and injecting fluid into a reservoir portion of the container containing the precursor material.

[0077] The foregoing summary is provided for the purpose of summarizing some embodiments to provide a basic understanding of aspects of the subject matter described herein. Accordingly, the above-described features are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the scope or spirit of the subject matter described herein in any way. Furthermore, the above-described and / or preceding embodiments may be combined in any suitable combination to provide further embodiments. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter described herein will become apparent from the following detailed description, brief description of the drawings, and claims. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0078] Aspects, features, and advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description of embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals refer to like elements. [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block system diagram illustrating an embodiment of a system for beverage or food preparation. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a block system diagram illustrating an embodiment of a machine of the system of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] 3 is an illustration of an embodiment of a fluid regulation system for the machine of FIG. 2. [Figure 4] 3A-3C are diagrams illustrating an embodiment of the container processing system of the machine of FIG. 2 in open and closed positions. [Figure 5] 3A-3C are diagrams illustrating an embodiment of the container processing system of the machine of FIG. 2 in open and closed positions. [Figure 6] 3 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the control circuitry of the machine of FIG. 2. [Figure 7] 2 is an illustration of an embodiment of a container of the system of FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a preparation process performed by the system of FIG. 1. [Figure 9] 2 is a plan view of one embodiment of a cord for the container of the system of FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process for extracting formulation information from the code of FIG. 9. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process for extracting formulation information from the code of FIG. 9. [Figure 12] FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of the material of the container of FIG. 7. [Figure 13] FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of the material of the container of FIG. 7. [Figure 14] FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of the material of the container of FIG. 7. [Figure 15]15 is an image provided by a code reading system of the code of the closure member of FIGS. 12 to 14. [Figure 16] 15 is an image provided by a code reading system of the code of the closure member of FIGS. 12 to 14. [Figure 17] 15 is an image provided by a code reading system of the code of the closure member of FIGS. 12 to 14. [Figure 18] FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of the material of the container of FIG. 7. [Figure 19] FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of the material of the container of FIG. 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0079] Before describing several embodiments of the system, it should be understood that the system is not limited to the details of construction or method steps set forth in the following description. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure that the system is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways.

[0080] The present disclosure may be better understood in view of the following description.

[0081] As used herein, the term "machine" may refer to an electrically operated device capable of preparing beverages and / or foods from precursor materials, or precursor materials from pre-precursor materials that can subsequently be prepared into beverages and / or foods. For convenience, a machine for preparing beverages and / or foods may also refer to the preparation of precursors for beverages and / or foods prepared from pre-precursor materials. The machine may perform the preparation by one or more of the following processes: diluting, heating, cooling, mixing, frothing, dissolving, steeping, soaking, extracting, conditioning, infusing, grinding, and other similar processes. The machine may be sized for use on a countertop; for example, the preparation machine may have a length, width, and height of less than 70 cm. As used herein, the term "preparing" with respect to beverages and / or foods may refer to the preparation of at least a portion of the beverage and / or food (e.g., a beverage may be prepared in whole or in part by the machine, and an end user may manually add additional fluids, including milk and / or water, before consumption).

[0082] As used herein, the term "container" may refer to any configuration for containing precursor material, e.g., a pre-portioned amount, such as a single serving. The container may have a maximum capacity that can contain only a single serving of precursor material. The container may be single-use and, for example, physically modified after the preparation process, including one or more of perforations for providing fluid to the precursor material, perforations for providing beverage / food from the container, and opening by a user to extract the precursor material. The container may be configured to operate with a container processing unit of the machine and may include, for example, flanges for alignment and for passing the container through or placing the container onto the unit. The container may include a rupture portion configured to rupture when subjected to a specific pressure to deliver the beverage / food. The container may have a membrane for closing the container. The container may have various shapes, including one or more of a frustum, cylinder, disk, hemisphere, packet, or other similar shapes. The container may be formed from various materials, such as metal, plastic, or a combination thereof. The materials may be selected to be one or more of: food-safe; able to withstand the pressure and / or temperature of the preparation process; and biodegradable. The container may be formed as a capsule, which may have an internal volume of 20 to 100 mL. The capsule includes coffee capsules, such as Nespresso® capsules (including Classic, Professional, Vertuo, Dolce Gusto, or other capsules). The container may be formed as a receptacle, which may have an internal volume of 150 to 350 mL. The receptacle is typically intended for consumption by an end user and includes a pot for consumption via utensils including a spoon and a cup for drinking from it. The container may be formed as a packet, which may be formed from a flexible material including plastic or foil. The packet may have an internal volume of 150 to 350 mL, or 200 to 300 mL, or 50 to 150 mL.

[0083] As used herein, the terms "external device" or "external electronic device" or "peripheral device" may include electronic components external to the machine, for example, electronic components co-located with the machine or electronic components remote from the machine that communicate with the machine over a computer network. An external device may include a communication interface for communicating with the machine and / or a server system. An external device may include devices including smartphones, PDAs, video game controllers, tablets, laptops, or other similar devices.

[0084] As used herein, the term "server system" may refer to an electronic component external to a machine, e.g., an electronic component located remotely from the machine and communicating with the machine via a computer network. A server system may include a communication interface for communicating with the machine and / or external devices. A server system may include a network-based computer (e.g., a remote server), a cloud-based computer, or any other server system.

[0085] As used herein, the terms "system" or "beverage or food preparation system" may refer to any combination of two or more of a beverage or food preparation machine, a container, a server system, and peripheral devices.

[0086] As used herein, the term "beverage" may refer to any substance that can be processed into a drinkable substance, which may be chilled or hot. A beverage may be one or more of a solid (e.g., a solid suspended in a liquid), a liquid, a gel, a paste. A beverage may include one or a combination of tea, coffee, hot chocolate, milk, juice, a vitamin composition, herbal tea / infusion, infused / flavored water, and other substances. As used herein, the term "food" may refer to any substance that can be processed into nutrients for eating, which may be chilled or hot. A food may be one or more of a solid, liquid, gel, a paste. A food may include yogurt, mousse, parfait, soup, ice cream, sorbet, custard, smoothie, and other substances. It is understood that there is some overlap between the definitions of beverage and food, for example, a beverage may be a food, and thus a machine that is said to prepare a beverage or a food does not exclude the preparation of both.

[0087] As used herein, the term "precursor material" may refer to any material that can be processed to form part or all of a beverage or food product. Precursor materials may include one or more of powder, crystal, liquid, gel, solid, and others. Examples of beverage-forming precursor materials include ground coffee, milk powder, tea leaves, cocoa powder, vitamin compositions, herbs for forming herbal teas / infusions, flavorings, and other similar materials. Examples of food-forming precursor materials include dried vegetables or stocks as anhydrous soup powders, powdered milk, flour-based powders including custard, powdered yogurt or ice cream, and other similar materials. Precursor material may also refer to any pre-precursor material that can be processed into a precursor material as defined above, i.e., any precursor material that can be subsequently processed into a beverage and / or food product. In one example, a pre-precursor material includes coffee beans that can be ground and / or heated (e.g., roasted) into a precursor material.

[0088] As used herein, the term "fluid" (with respect to a fluid supplied by a fluid conditioning system) may include one or more of water, milk, etc. As used herein, the term "conditioning" with respect to a fluid may refer to changing its physical attributes and may include one or more of heating or cooling, agitating (including frothing by whipping to introduce foam and mixing to introduce turbulence), portioning into single serving amounts suitable for use in single serving containers, pressurizing to, for example, brewing pressure, carbonation, filtering / purifying, or other conditioning process.

[0089] As used herein, the term "processing unit" may refer to a configuration capable of processing precursor materials into beverages or foods. It may refer to a configuration capable of processing pre-precursor materials into precursor materials.

[0090] As used herein, the term "container processing unit" may refer to a configuration capable of processing a container to derive an associated beverage or food product from a precursor material. The container processing unit may be configured to process the precursor material by one or more of the following processing steps: diluting, heating, cooling, mixing, frothing, dissolving, immersing, steeping, extracting, conditioning, pressurizing, infusing, and other processing steps. Thus, depending on the processing step, the container processing unit may implement various units, including an extraction unit (which may apply pressure and / or heat, e.g., heating or cooling, to perform the brewing process), a mixing unit (which mixes the beverage or food product in the container for consumption by the end user), a dispensing and dissolving unit (which extracts a portion of the precursor material from a reservoir, processes it by dissolving, and dispenses it into a container), and other similar units.

[0091] As used herein, the terms "electrical circuitry" or "circuitry" or "control circuitry" may refer to one or more hardware and / or software components, examples of which may include application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), electronic / electrical components (which may include combinations of transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc.), one or more processors, non-transitory memory (e.g., implemented by one or more memory devices) that may store one or more software or firmware programs, combinatorial logic circuitry, and interconnections of the above. The electrical circuitry may be located entirely on the machine or distributed among one or more of the machine, external devices, and server systems.

[0092] As used herein, the terms "processor" or "processing resource" may refer to one or more units for processing, examples of which include an ASIC, a microcontroller, an FPGA, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a state machine, or other suitable components. A processor may be configured to execute a computer program, which may take the form of machine-readable instructions that may be stored, for example, in non-transitory memory and / or programmable logic. A processor may have various configurations corresponding to those described for circuits, for example, implemented in a machine or distributed as part of a system. As used herein, any machine-executable instructions or computer-readable medium may be configured to cause, for example, a machine or system as disclosed herein to perform the disclosed methods, and thus may be used synonymously or interchangeably with the term method.

[0093] As used herein, the terms "computer-readable medium(s)" or "data storage" may include any medium capable of storing a computer program and may take the form of one or more of any conventional non-transitory memory, such as random access memory (RAM), CDs, hard drives, solid-state drives, memory cards, DVDs, etc. The memory may have various configurations corresponding to the described configurations of the circuits.

[0094] As used herein, the terms "communications resource" or "communications interface" may refer to hardware and / or firmware for electronic information transmission. A communications resource / interface may be configured for wired communications ("wired communications resource / interface") or wireless communications ("wired communications resource / interface"). Wireless communications resources include hardware that transmits and receives signals wirelessly and may include, for example, various protocol implementations of the 802.11 standard described by the Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) and Bluetooth® sold by the Bluetooth® Special Interest Group of Kirkland, Washington. Wired communications resources include Universal Serial Bus (USB), High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI®), or other protocol implementations. A machine may include communications resources for wired or wireless communications with external devices and / or server systems.

[0095] As used herein, the terms "network" or "computer network" may refer to a system for transmitting electronic information between multiple apparatus / devices. A network may include, for example, one or more networks of any type, which may include a public land mobile network (PLMN), a telephone network (e.g., a public switched telephone network (PSTN) and / or a wireless network), a local area network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wide area network (WAN), an Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network, a private network, the Internet, or an intranet.

[0096] As used herein, the term "code" may refer to a storage medium encoding formulation information. The code may be an optically readable code, such as a barcode. The code may be configured as a bit code (e.g., a binary sequence of 0s and 1s encoded by the presence or absence of elements). The code may be formed of multiple units, which may also be referred to as elements or markers. The elements may implement a finder portion and a data portion, and the finder portion encodes a predetermined reserved string of bits that is identifiable when processing the code from the data portion to enable location of the data portion encoding the formulation information. The code may be arranged as a one-dimensional code that is read by relative movement between the code and a code reading system. The code reading system may provide a bitstream signal or high and low signals for processing to extract formulation information. The code may also be arranged as a two-dimensional code and processed via a digital image acquired from a camera system of the code reading system. It will be understood, therefore, that the code may exclude a mere surface finish or brand name on a container that is not configured in any way for information storage.

[0097] As used herein, the term "preparation information" may refer to one or more of parameters defined herein, recipes defined herein, identifiers, and other information related to the operation of the machine.

[0098] As used herein, the term "parameter" may refer to a variable used as an input (e.g., RPM) and / or attribute (e.g., fluid target temperature or volume) for control of a beverage / food or beverage / food precursor controlled by a processing unit during the preparation process. Depending on the implementation of the processing unit, such parameters may vary. Examples include the volume of a particular component of the beverage and / or food, fluid temperature, fluid flow rate, processing unit operating parameters such as the RPM of a centrifugal-based brewing unit, the closing force of a hydraulic extraction unit, the order of dispensing of beverage and / or food ingredients, agitation (e.g., foaminess), or any of the foregoing defined for one or more stages where the preparation process consists of a series of consecutive, discrete stages. Parameters may be numerical or have values ​​that can vary in predetermined increments between predetermined limits; for example, the temperature of water may vary between 60 and 90°C in 5°C increments.

[0099] As used herein, the term "recipe" or "control data set" may refer to a combination of parameters, e.g., as a complete or partial set of inputs, used by a processing unit to prepare a particular beverage and / or food product.

[0100] As used herein, the term "preparation process" may refer to a process for preparing a beverage or food product from a precursor material, or a process for preparing a pre-precursor material from a precursor material. The preparation process may refer to a process performed by an electrical circuit to control a processing unit to process the precursor or pre-precursor material.

[0101] As used herein, the term "code reading process" may refer to a process of reading a code to extract conditioning information (which may include identifiers and / or parameters). The process may include one or more of the following steps: obtaining a digital image of the code or code signal; extracting a sequence of bits from the code; identifying a finder portion of the code within the sequence; locating a data portion using the finder portion; and extracting conditioning information from the data portion.

[0102] [System Overview] 1, system 2 includes machine 4, container 6, server system 8, and peripheral device 10. Server system 8 communicates with machine 4 via computer network 12. Peripheral device 10 communicates with machine 4 via computer network 12.

[0103] In alternative embodiments not shown, the peripheral devices and / or server system are omitted.

[0104] Although the computer network 12 is shown as being the same between the machine 4, the server system 8, and the peripheral device 10, other configurations are possible, including different computer networks for intercommunication between each device, i.e., the server system communicating with the machine through the peripheral device rather than directly. In a particular example, the peripheral device communicates with the machine over a wireless interface, for example using the Bluetooth™ protocol, and the server system communicates with the machine over a wireless interface, such as the IEEE 802.11 standard, and also over the Internet.

[0105] [Machine] Referring to FIG. 2, the machine 4 comprises a processing unit 14 for processing the precursor material, an electrical circuit 16 and a code reading system 18 .

[0106] The electrical circuitry 16 controls the code reading system 18 to read a code (not shown in Figure 2) from the container 6 and determine brewing information therefrom. The electrical circuitry 16 uses the brewing information to control the processing unit 14 to carry out a brewing process in which precursor materials are processed into a beverage or food product or a precursor to a beverage or food product.

[0107] [First example of a processing unit] 3, 4 and 5, in a first example of a processing unit 14, the unit comprises a vessel processing unit 20 and a fluid regulation system 22.

[0108] The container processing unit 20 is configured to process the container 6 to derive a beverage or food product from precursor materials (not shown) therein. A fluid regulation system 22 regulates the fluids supplied to the container processing unit 20. The electrical circuitry 16 uses the preparation information read from the container 6 to control the container processing unit 20 and the fluid regulation system 22 to carry out the preparation process.

[0109] [Fluid Regulation System Referring to FIG. 3 , the fluid conditioning system 22 includes a reservoir 24, a pump 26, a heat exchanger 28, and an outlet 30 for the conditioned fluid. The reservoir 24 typically contains enough fluid for multiple preparation processes. The pump 26 moves the fluid from the reservoir 24, through the heat exchanger 28, and to the outlet 30 (connected to the vessel processing unit 20). The pump 26 can be implemented as any suitable device for driving the fluid, including a reciprocating pump, a rotary pump, and other suitable configurations. The heat exchanger 28 is implemented to heat the fluid and can include an in-line thermoblock-type heater, a heating element for directly heating the fluid in the reservoir, and other suitable configurations.

[0110] In alternative embodiments not shown, the pump is omitted, for example, the fluid is supplied to the vessel processing unit by gravity or pressurized by a mains water supply; the reservoir is omitted, for example, the water is supplied by a mains water supply; the heat exchanger is configured to cool the fluid and may include, for example, a refrigeration cycle heat pump; the heat exchanger is omitted, for example, the mains water supply provides water at the desired temperature; and the fluid conditioning system includes a filtration / purification system, for example, a UV light system the degree of which can be controlled to be applied to the fluid, and a carbonation system that controls the degree to which the fluid is carbonated.

[0111] [Container processing unit] The container processing unit 20 can be implemented in various configurations, as shown in the following Examples 1 to 6. Generally, in examples in which the machine 2 includes a guide portion into which a container is inserted and guided by gravity (e.g., under its own weight) into the container processing unit 20, the container processing unit 20 is configured with a container holding portion and a closure portion, which are movable in a depth direction perpendicular (including substantially perpendicular) to the direction of transport of the guide portion between a container receiving position and a container processing position.

[0112] 4 and 5, a first example of a container processing unit 20 is for processing containers configured as capsules 6 (a suitable example of a capsule is shown in FIG. 7, which will be described below), to prepare a beverage. The container processing unit 20 is configured as a brewing unit 32 for extracting a beverage from the capsule 6. The brewing unit 32 includes a capsule-holding portion 34 and a closure portion 36. The brewing unit 32 is movable to a capsule-receiving position (FIG. 4), in which the capsule-holding portion 34 and the closure portion 36 are arranged to receive the capsule 6 therebetween. The brewing unit 32 is movable to a capsule-extracting position (FIG. 5), in which the capsule-holding portion 34 and the closure portion 36 form a seal around the capsule 6, allowing the beverage to be extracted from the capsule 6. The brewing unit 32 may be actuator-driven or may be manually movable between said positions.

[0113] An outlet 30 of the fluid conditioning system 22 is arranged as an injection head 38 on the capsule holding part 34 for injecting the conditioned fluid, typically under high pressure, into the capsule 6 at the capsule extraction position. A beverage outlet 40 on the closure part 36 is configured to capture the extracted beverage and transport it from the brewing unit 32.

[0114] The brewing unit 32 is configured to prepare a beverage by applying a pressurized (e.g., at 10-20 bar) and heated (e.g., at 50-98°C) fluid to precursor material in the capsule 6. The pressure is increased for a predetermined amount of time until it exceeds the pressure of a ruptured portion of the capsule 6 (not shown in Figures 4 and 5), causing that portion to rupture and delivering the beverage to the beverage outlet 40.

[0115] In an alternative embodiment not shown, the injection head and beverage outlet are shown as being arranged on the capsule-holding part and the closure part, respectively, but may be arranged alternatively, including the injection head and beverage outlet being arranged on the closure part and the capsule-holding part, respectively, or both being arranged on the same part. Furthermore, the brewing unit may include both parts arranged as capsule-holding parts for capsules that are symmetrical about the flange, including, for example, Nespresso® Professional capsules. Examples of suitable brewing units are provided in EP 1 472 156 A1 and EP 1 784 344 A1, which provide hydraulically sealed brewing units.

[0116] In a second example of a container processing unit (not shown), a brewing unit similar to the first example is provided, but the brewing unit operates by centrifugation at lower pressure. An example of a suitable capsule is the Nespresso® Vertuo capsule. A suitable brewing system is disclosed in EP 2 594 171 A1. In such an example (or indeed any other example), a guide portion may not be necessary, and the container is loaded into the brewing unit manually.

[0117] In a third example (not shown), the capsule processing unit operates by dissolving a selected beverage precursor under high-pressure, high-temperature fluid. This configuration is similar to the brewing units of the first and second examples, but because the pressure is lower, a sealed brewing unit is not required. In particular, fluid can be injected into the capsule lid, and the bursting portion is located at the base of the capsule's reservoir. An example of a suitable capsule is the Nespresso® Dolce Gusto capsule. Examples of suitable brewing units are disclosed in EP 1 472 156 A1 and EP 1 784 344 A1.

[0118] In a fourth example (not shown) in which the containers are configured as packets, the container processing unit implements a brewing unit operable to receive the packets and inject fluid from the fluid regulation system at its inlet. The injected fluid mixes with precursor materials in the packets to at least partially prepare a beverage, and the prepared beverage exits via the packet's outlet. An example of such a configuration is provided in WO2014125123A1.

[0119] In a fifth example (not shown), the container processing unit is arranged as a mixing unit for preparing beverages or food precursors stored in containers, which are receptacles for consumption by end users. The mixing unit comprises an agitator (e.g., a planetary mixer, a spiral mixer, and a vertical cut mixer) for mixing the beverage or food precursor in the receptacle, and a heat exchanger for heating / cooling the beverage or food precursor in the receptacle. The fluid supply system may also supply fluid to the receptacle. An example of such a code is provided in WO2014067987A1.

[0120] In a sixth example (not shown), the container processing unit is arranged as a dispensing and dissolving unit. The dispensing and dissolving unit is arranged to extract a serving of beverage or food precursor from a storage portion of the machine (which may include any multi-portioned container, including a packet or box). The dispensing and dissolving unit is configured to mix the extracted serving with conditioned fluid from the fluid conditioning system and dispense the beverage or food into a receptacle. An example of such an arrangement is provided in EP 14167344(A).

[0121] [Code reading system] 4 and 5, the code reading system 18 is arranged to read a code 44 located on the lid of the container 6. The code reading system 18 is integrated with the brewing unit 32 of the first example of the container processing unit 20. The code 44 is read with the brewing unit 32 in the capsule extraction position (as shown in FIG. 4).

[0122] The code reading system 18 includes a code reader 46 having an image capture unit and a read head housing the image capture unit for capturing a digital image of the code 44. The image capture unit includes an illumination system and a camera system. Examples of suitable image capture units include the Sonix SN9S102, Snap Sensor S2 imager, oversampled binary image sensors, and other similar systems.

[0123] The electrical circuitry 18 includes image processing circuitry (not shown) for identifying codes in the digital image and extracting formulation information. An example of an image processing circuit is a Texas Instruments TMS320C5517 processor running a code processing program.

[0124] In a variant embodiment not shown, the code reading system is separate from the container processing unit and is arranged in a channel into which a user places a container and which transports the container to the container processing unit, and the code reading system is configured to read a code on a receptacle arranged to receive a beverage from the beverage outlet of the dispensing and dissolving unit. In a further variant embodiment not shown, the code reading system is configured to read codes on different parts of the container, for example on a flange or a receiving part. In a further variant embodiment not shown, the code is a one-dimensional code that is read by relative movement between the code reader and the code to generate a code signal.

[0125] [Control electrical circuit] 6, the electrical circuitry 16 is implemented as a control electrical circuitry 48 for controlling the processing unit 14 to carry out the preparation process. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, for illustrative purposes, a processing unit 14 comprising a vessel processing unit 20 and a fluid supply unit 22 is shown as a first example.

[0126] The electrical circuitry 16, 48 at least partially implements (e.g., in combination with hardware) an input unit 50 for receiving input from a user that determines whether the machine 4 is to perform a preparation process, a processor 52 for receiving input from the input unit 50 and providing a control output to the processing unit 14, and a feedback system 54 for providing feedback from the processing unit 54 during the preparation process that can be used to control the preparation process.

[0127] The input unit 50 is implemented as a user interface and may include one or more of buttons such as joystick buttons or push buttons, a joystick, LEDs, a graphic or character LDC, a graphical screen with touch-sensitive buttons and / or screen edge buttons, other similar devices, and a sensor for determining whether a container has been dispensed into the machine by a user.

[0128] The feedback system 54 a flow sensor for determining the flow rate / volume of fluid into outlet 30 (shown in FIG. 3) of fluid supply system 22, which can be used to meter the correct amount of fluid into container 6 and thereby adjust the power to pump 26; a temperature sensor for determining the temperature of the fluid into the outlet 30 of the fluid supply unit 22, which can be used to ensure that the temperature of the fluid into the vessel 6 is correct and thereby adjust the power to the heat exchanger 28; a level sensor for determining whether the level of fluid in the reservoir 24 is sufficient for the brewing process; and One or more position sensors for determining the position of the brewing unit 32 (e.g., capsule extraction position or capsule receiving position) or one or more other feedback control based operations may be implemented.

[0129] It will be understood that the electrical circuits 16, 44 may be suitably adapted to other examples of the processing unit 14, for example a second example of a container processing system in which a feedback system may be used to control the rotational speed of the capsule.

[0130] [container] 7, a first example of a container 6 for use in a first example of a processing unit 14 includes a container 6 configured as a capsule 6. The capsule 6 includes a closure member 56, a body portion 62 with a reservoir portion 58, and a flange portion 60.

[0131] The reservoir portion 58 includes a cavity for storing a precursor material (not shown). The reservoir cavity extends in a depth direction 106 from the flange portion 60. Referring to Figures 4 and 5, the reservoir portion 56 is perforated by the injection head 38 to deliver the conditioned fluid into the capsule.

[0132] The storage portion 58 is made of a paper-based material. The thickness of the storage portion 58 is 0.2 mm. The closing member 56 is made of a paper-based material. The closing member 58 has a thickness of 0.15 mm or 2 to 30 mm.

[0133] As used herein, "paper-based" may refer to a sheet formed at least in part from a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically treating cellulose fibers derived from one or more of wood, waste cloth, grass, or other plant material in water, draining the water through a fine mesh to leave the fibers evenly distributed on the surface, and then pressing and drying.

[0134] The closure member 56 may comprise a flexible membrane that closes and hermetically seals the storage portion 58. Referring to Figures 4 and 5, the closure member 56 is perforated to allow the beverage / food to be expelled.

[0135] The flange portion 60 is integrally formed with the storage portion. The flange portion 60 is located at the junction of the storage portion 58 and the closure member 56 and includes a flat extension of the storage portion 58 that overlaps a portion of the closure member secured thereto to hermetically seal the precursor material. The flange portion 60 extends in a plane defined by the lateral direction 102 and the longitudinal direction 100. The closure member is therefore flat in that plane.

[0136] The capsule 6 is of circular cross-section such that it is rotationally symmetric about the axis 108. In this way, the user can present the capsule to the machine 2 in any orientation about the axis 108. The capsule 6 has a diameter of 53 mm, measured across the outer or inner circumference of the flange portion 60 in the plane of the flange portion 60. The capsule 6 can be configured in different sizes characterized by different depths, for example 7 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm, 18 mm, 21 mm, etc.

[0137] In alternative embodiments not shown, the closure member may be arranged in a convex or concave configuration relative to the reservoir portion. For example, in a convex configuration, the center of the closure member may extend 1 mm ± 10% or 20% of the depth into the reservoir portion. The minimum concavity may be 0.2 mm. For example, in a concave configuration, the center of the closure member may extend 4 mm ± 10% or 20% of the depth away from the reservoir portion. The minimum concavity may be 0.5 mm.

[0138] In alternative embodiments not shown, the body portion comprises a flange portion that is not integrally formed with the storage portion but is connected to it; the body portion omits the flange portion, for example, the closure member is wrapped around the storage portion; the container may not have a rotationally symmetrical shape, for example, it may have a square cross section or other shape; the capsule may have alternative dimensions, including a diameter across the outer or inner circumference of the flange portion of 40 to 70 mm or 53 mm ± 10% or 20%, and a depth of any of the stated depths ± 10% or 20%; the thickness of the storage portion may be 0.1 to 0.4 mm, or 0.2 ± 20% or 30%; the thickness of the closure member may be 0.05 to 0.3 mm, or 0.15 ± 20% or 30%; the storage portion and / or closure member may be made of or comprise another material, including, for example, a plastic-based or aluminum-based material.

[0139] [Code Placement] Referring to FIG. 7, the code 44 may be located on the exterior surface of the container 6 in any suitable location such that it can be read by the code reading system 18 .

[0140] In a first example, the code 44 is located in a central region of the closure member 56. Therefore, if a code reader is aligned with the center of the container, the code can be read. In a second example, the code is replicated across the entire closure member and can be read from any exterior position on the closure member 56. In such a configuration, the closure member does not require any particular alignment with the storage portion, thereby simplifying the process of cutting and assembling the container 6.

[0141] In an alternative embodiment not shown, a cord may be located on the flange portion 60 (including on both sides) and on the storage portion 58. A cord may also be located on the closure member, but not in the central region.

[0142] [Process for preparing beverages] Referring to Figure 8, a process for preparing beverages / food products from precursor materials is shown.

[0143] Block 70: A user provides a container 6 to the machine 4.

[0144] Block 72: The electrical circuit 16 (eg, its input unit 50) receives a user instruction to prepare a beverage / food from a precursor, and the electrical circuit 16 (eg, processor 52) starts the process.

[0145] Block 74: The electrical circuit 16 controls the processing unit 14 to perform processing on the container (e.g., in the first example of the container processing unit 20, the extraction unit 32 is moved from the capsule receiving position (Figure 4) to the capsule extraction position (Figure 5)).

[0146] Block 76: The electronic circuitry 16 controls the code reading system 18 to provide a digital image of the code 6 on the container.

[0147] Block 78: The code processing circuitry of the electronic circuitry 16 processes the digital image to extract formulation information.

[0148] Block 80: The electrical circuitry 16 performs a preparation process by controlling the processing unit 14 based on the preparation information. In a first example of a processing unit, this preparation process includes controlling the fluid conditioning system 22 to supply fluid to the vessel processing unit 20 at a temperature, pressure, and duration specified in the preparation information.

[0149] The electrical circuit 16 then controls the container processing unit 20 to move from the capsule extraction position through the capsule ejection position to eject the container 6 and back to the capsule receiving position.

[0150] In alternative embodiments not shown, the above blocks may be executed in a different order, for example, block 72 before block 70, or block 76 before block 74; some blocks may be omitted, for example, block 70 may be omitted if the machine stores a magazine of capsules.

[0151] Blocks 76 and 78 may be referred to as code reading and processing processes. Block 80 may be referred to as a preparation process. Electrical circuitry 16 includes instructions, for example as program code, for the preparation process(es). In one embodiment, processor 52 executes instructions stored in memory (not shown).

[0152] As part of the preparation process, the electrical circuitry 16 may obtain additional preparation information from the server system 8 and / or peripheral devices 10 via the computer network 12 using the machine's communications interface (not shown).

[0153] [Code Summary] 9, the code 44 is formed of a plurality of circular units 80 arranged on a border 82. The units 80 are dark in color (e.g., including one of black, dark blue, purple, and dark green) and the border 82 is relatively light in color (e.g., including one of white, light blue, yellow, and light green) so that there is sufficient contrast for the image capturing unit 46 to distinguish between them.

[0154] Unit 80 is circular in shape. As used herein, the term "shape" with respect to a unit may refer to the exact shape or an approximation of the actual shape, which may result from variations in printing or other manufacturing accuracy.

[0155] In alternative embodiments not shown, the units are light in color and the border is dark in color, and in alternative embodiments not shown, the units have other shapes, including one or a combination of triangles, polygons, particularly quadrilaterals, such as squares or parallelograms; or other suitable shapes.

[0156] The units 80 typically have a unit length of 50 to 200 μm. As used herein, the term "unit length" with respect to the units 80 may refer to a suitably defined distance of the units 80, such as the diameter of a circular shape; the side length of a square; the distance between opposite or adjacent vertices of a polygon; or the hypotenuse of a triangle. The units 80 are positioned with an accuracy of about 1 μm.

[0157] The unit 80 is formed by printing, for example by an ink printer. As an example of printing, the ink may be a conventional printer ink and the substrate may be polyethylene terephthalate (PET), lacquered aluminum (as found in Nespresso Classic capsules), or other suitable substrate.

[0158] In alternative embodiments not shown, the units are alternatively formed, including by embossing, engraving, or other suitable means; and the units are alternatively sized, for example, with a unit length of 80 to 120 μm.

[0159] [General organization of the code] Still referring to FIG. 9, these units 80 are organized into a reference portion R (also called the s-reference portion) for locating and orienting the code 44, and a data portion D for storing preparation information.

[0160] The unit 80 of the code 44 positioned as the reference portion R includes three reference units 84. These reference units 84 have a unique spatial arrangement within the code 44 so that the reference portion R can be identified in the digital image by the electrical circuit 16 (e.g., using a relationship stored in the circuit's memory). The unique spatial arrangement includes the reference units 84 positioned at three of the vertices of an imaginary rectangle (not shown) centered on the origin O at the center of the rectangle, with specific distances between the reference units 84.

[0161] In alternative embodiments not shown, the reference portion may be alternatively implemented, including having different arrangements of the reference units, including other shapes such as circular or rectangular, having a different number of reference units, including four or five, and the reference units may have a unique shape that is distinguishable from the shapes of the other units forming the code.

[0162] This arrangement of the reference units 84 allows for a single reference line r to be defined at a particular vector relative to the units 84. The reference line r is an imaginary line and is determined by the electrical circuit 16 (e.g., using a relationship stored in the circuit's memory).

[0163] In a particular example, the reference units 84 define a first imaginary line (not shown) and a second imaginary line (not shown) using the right-hand rule, where the thumb represents the first imaginary line intersecting the centers of the two reference units 84, the index finger represents the second imaginary line intersecting the centers of the two reference units, one of which is common to the first imaginary line, and the middle finger points toward the plane of the page of the code 44. A reference line r extends from the origin O and is parallel to the first imaginary line and perpendicular to the second imaginary line.

[0164] In alternative embodiments not shown, the reference line may be alternatively defined and may, for example, include an actual line drawn on the code; or may have an alternative geometric arrangement relative to the reference unit.

[0165] A unit 80 of the code 44 arranged as a data portion D includes a plurality of data units 86. The data units 86 are arranged on a coding line E that intersects with a reference line r. The coding line E is an imaginary line determined by the electrical circuit 16 (e.g., the coding line has a predetermined radius stored in the circuit's memory). The center of the circle of the coding line E is arranged at the origin O of the reference portion R. Thus, the reference line r intersects with the coding line E with a tangent perpendicular to the reference line r. There are two coding lines E1, E2, each of which includes a plurality of data units 86.

[0166] In alternative embodiments not shown, other numbers of coding lines are implemented, including three, four, or five; the coding lines may have shapes other than circular, including rectangular or triangular; and the coding lines include actual lines drawn on the code.

[0167] The coding line E includes one or more individual data portions, each including a starting position 88 and one data unit 86, which is located a distance d along the coding line E from the starting position 88 as a variable encoding a parameter of the preparation information. The starting position 88 may be virtually defined and determined by the electrical circuit 16 (e.g., the starting position may be stored in the circuit's memory).

[0168] In the first encoding line E1, the data portion includes two individual data portions, and in the first individual data portion, the distance d can be any continuous distance from the starting position 88 on the reference line r to the first data unit 86 clockwise from the reference line r; in the second individual data portion, the distance d can be any continuous distance from the starting position 88 of the data unit 86 of the first individual data portion to the midpoint m between two subsequent data units 86 in the clockwise direction.

[0169] In the second encoding line E2, the data portion comprises one individual data portion, and the distance d can be any one of a number of separate distances, which are illustrated as discrete positions 90 from a starting position 88 on the reference line r, each position associated with a value of a parameter. In this example, there are ten discrete positions 90.

[0170] In alternative embodiments not shown, the start position can be located anywhere on the coding line, including a position away from the reference line; multiple start positions may exist on the coding line, each with an associated data unit; the start positions may be formed as units as part of the code rather than being virtually defined; the coding line may include a combination of parameters coded by continuous distance and multiple discrete positions; one or more data units on the coding line may define a parameter that can be determined as an average of multiple positions; and the data portion may include any suitable number of individual data portions.

[0171] The code 44 includes a perimeter 92 within which multiple units 80 are disposed. The perimeter 92 is rectangular and has a characteristic dimension of 600-1600 μm, or approximately 1100 μm. The code 44 may be repeated such that multiple repetitions of the code 44 are disposed within a single digital image so that one or more of the best captured code repetitions can be selected for processing.

[0172] In alternative embodiments not shown, the perimeter may be alternative shapes, including circular; the perimeter may have alternative sizes, including larger or smaller than the range of this example.

[0173] In alternative embodiments not shown, the data portion may alternatively encode the value of the parameter, including alphanumeric symbols or other structures.

[0174] Referring to FIG. 10 with reference to the code of FIG. 9, the code processing process performed by the electrical circuit 16 (or the code processing circuit of the electrical circuit) for extraction of formulation information includes the following. Step 1: Identify the code unit location Block 100: Acquire a digital image of the code 44 via the code reading system 118.

[0175] Block 102: Assign pixels to dark areas in the digital image that represent units 80.

[0176] Block 104: If several units are close to each other, determine that unit 80 is present.

[0177] Block 106: For each determined unit, the center of a pixel group is determined by a rule such as feature extraction, and the coordinates of the center of the unit are determined.

[0178] In alternative embodiments not shown, alternative processing techniques for determining units and unit coordinates may be implemented, including other techniques for locating the center of a unit or identifying the presence of a unit, for example, some degree of magnification may be implemented so that a single pixel is determined as a unit and the center of the unit is determined as the center of the pixel.

[0179] Step 2: Identifying the location of the reference part of the code and the reading angle Referring to FIG. 11 with reference to the code of FIG. 9, the processing of code 44 includes the following:

[0180] Block 108: Locate the reference portion R by retrieving the coordinates of the multiple units 80 of the code 44 to identify the unique separation pattern and geometry of the reference unit 84. This may be performed by geometric rules, including the Pythagorean theorem and trigonometry or other suitable rules. The separation pattern and geometry are stored on the electrical circuitry 16 and can be accessed during retrieval.

[0181] Block 110: For the located reference portion R, determine the location of the origin O and the reference line r using the stored relationship. The location of the origin and the reference line can be stored on the electrical circuit 16 and mapped onto the coordinates of the located reference portion.

[0182] Block 112: For each unit (other than the units in the reference portion), determine which coding line E the unit belongs to based on its distance from the origin O. The electrical circuit 16 can store the radius range of each coding line E and can use geometric rules to determine the distance of each unit from the origin O and which radius range it falls within.

[0183] Block 114: For each unit (other than the unit of the reference portion), determine angles α1, α2 relative to the reference line r. Note that angles represent circumferential distances and may be used interchangeably. The angles can be calculated via the known geometric relationship between the coordinates of the reference line r and an imaginary line extending from the origin O through the relevant unit.

[0184] Step 3: Determine the parameter values ​​of the preparation information Referring to FIG. 11 with reference to the code of FIG. 9, the processing of code 44 includes the following:

[0185] Block 116: A coding distance d is determined for each individual data portion. This is accomplished by implementing a set of rules for determining the coding distance d, which are stored by the electrical circuitry 16. This may include one or more of the number of individual data portions on each coding line and the starting position 88 of the individual data portions; whether a single unit or multiple units represent the data unit 86; and other suitable relationships.

[0186] For example, referring to FIG. 9, the rules for determining the coding distance d of the coding line E1 include: there are two individual data portions; the starting position 88 of the first individual data portion is at the intersection of the reference line r and the coding line E1; the starting position 88 of the second individual data portion is at a data unit 86 of the first individual data portion; the data unit 86 of the first individual data portion is represented as a single unit of the code 44; and the data unit 86 of the second individual data portion is represented as two units of the code 44.

[0187] For example, referring to FIG. 9, the rules for determining the coding distance d for coding line E2 include that there is a single individual data portion, the starting position 88 is at the intersection of reference line r and coding line E2, and the data unit 86 of the first individual data portion is represented as a single unit of code 44.

[0188] Block 118: The coding distance d of each data portion is converted into a value of a parameter. This is achieved by implementing a set of rules for converting distances into values, stored by the electrical circuit 16.

[0189] For example, in the coding line E1, the first individual data portion may encode the amount of water in the brewing process, and the distance d may be any continuous value that is linearly related to the amount of water; the second individual data portion may encode the time of the brewing process, and the encoded distance d may be any continuous value that is exponentially related to the time.

[0190] For example, in coding line E2, a single individual data portion encodes the water temperature of the brewing process, the coding distance d is a discrete value that varies incrementally by 5°C for each discrete location 90, and the rule may specify which 5 degree increment is closest to the determined coding distance d.

[0191] In alternative embodiments not shown, other rules can be implemented, including other mathematical functions relating the coding distance to the value of the parameter, whether the coding distance is the average of the distances of multiple individual data portions, and other suitable relationships.

[0192] [Closure element] 12, a first example of a closure member 56 is provided that includes a code 44. The code 44 is integrally formed within a layer of the closure member 56, as described below. The code 44 is arranged as described in connection with FIG. 9 and is arranged in identical repeats on the closure member 56, so that any one code is readable and formulation information can be obtained. In alternative embodiments not shown, other codes, such as bar codes, may be used, and there may be only a single repeat of the code.

[0193] The code reading system 18 includes an illumination system 110 and a camera system 112. The illumination system 110 emits incident radiation 114 onto the closure member 56. The camera system 112 captures a digital image of the code 44 from reflected radiation 116, an example of which is shown in FIG. 9, as described below.

[0194] The emitted radiation 114 from the illumination system 110 is substantially infrared, e.g., greater than 700 nm or 800 nm. The radiation may have a peak at any value between 800 and 1000 nm, with an HWHM of ±100, 50, or 25 nm from the peak. In one example, the peak is 850 nm and the HWHM is ±30 nm.

[0195] The camera system 112 is correspondingly configured to acquire the digital image within a wavelength band, which can be achieved by implementing filters that pass frequencies above 800 nm or 700 nm or other suitable values ​​selected to remove interfering wavelengths from the information-bearing and color layers, as described below.

[0196] Closure member 56 is flat and extends in a longitudinal direction 100 and a lateral direction 102, and in a depth direction 104 extends through its thickness from an outer surface 118 (shown in FIG. 7 ) facing away from storage portion 58 to an inner surface 120 facing the precursor material (not shown in FIG. 12 ) stored in the storage portion. Although closure member 56 is illustrated as flat, it may be flexible and therefore may take on a variety of forms based on how it is connected to body portion 62 (shown in FIG. 7 ).

[0197] [Protective layer] The closure member 56 includes a protective layer 122 through which the code 44 is readable by the code reading system 18. The outer surface of the protective layer 122 is disposed as the outer surface 118. The protective layer 120 provides a food-safe barrier and also a protective cover for the code 44. The protective layer 110 is formed of regenerated cellulose. The thickness of the protective layer 110 is 22 μm. The protective layer has a transparency of at least 80% to the incident radiation 114 and the reflected radiation 116, which is selected to allow reading of the code 44 through the protective layer 122.

[0198] The protective layer 122 may be implemented with a matte finish, for example, for diffuse light reflection, one example being a matte lacquer.

[0199] In alternative embodiments not shown, the protective layer may alternatively be formed of other materials including one or more of translucent paper including Ahlstrom-Munksjo's sulpack white, parchment paper or super gloss finish paper, translucent plastics including PLA, PET, PE and PP, and the protective layer may have an alternative thickness, for example 5 to 50 μm, or the protective layer may be omitted.

[0200] [Absorbing layer] The cord 44 comprises an absorbing layer 124 configured to absorb the incident radiation 114 and a reflective layer 126 configured to reflect the incident radiation 114 as reflected radiation 116. The cord 44 is supported by a support layer 128 that is substantially transparent to the incident radiation 116. The reflective layer 126 is positioned to reflect the radiation before it penetrates the support layer 128, as described below.

[0201] The absorbing layer 124 is disposed between the reflective layer 126 and the outer surface 118 in the depth direction 104, the absorbing layer 124 being closer to the outer surface 118 than the reflective layer 126, and the reflective layer 126 being disposed between the support layer 128 and the outer surface 118 in the depth direction 104.

[0202] The absorbent layer 124 includes a formation of units 80 (shown in FIG. 9) that together form individual repeats of the cord 44. The absorbent layer 124 has a reflectivity of less than 10% and an absorbency of at least 80% or 90%.

[0203] The units 80 are formed of an ink having a carbon black color pigment, so that the absorbing layer 124 absorbs all wavelengths in the visible spectrum, e.g., 390 nm to 700 nm (as well as the wavelength of the irradiated radiation 114), and therefore, as described below, it is desirable to conceal the absorbing layer 124. The thickness of the absorbing layer 124 is 1 to 5 μm. The ink is selected to be biodegradable as defined herein.

[0204] In an alternative embodiment not shown, the absorber layer is alternatively formed using non-carbon based pigments which may include other relatively dark colors such as dark blue, dark purple, dark green, etc., and alternatively the units are formed from solid pieces of material rather than ink.

[0205] The reflective layer 126 is continuous at a depth below the formation of the units 80 that comprise the absorbing layer 124. In such an arrangement, a portion of the incident radiation 114 that passes through a gap between units 80 in the absorbing layer 126 is reflected from the reflective layer 126 and passes back through the gap in the absorbing layer 124 as reflected radiation 116.

[0206] [Reflective layer] The reflective layer 126 is configured to diffusely reflect the incident radiation 114 as reflected radiation 116. The reflective layer 126 has a reflectivity for radiation of at least 70% and an absorption and / or transmission for radiation of less than 30% or 20%.

[0207] The reflective layer 126 is formed of an ink having a titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based white pigment. The reflective layer 126 diffusely reflects all wavelengths in the visible spectrum, e.g., 390 nm to 700 nm (similar to the wavelength of the irradiated radiation 114), and therefore appears white when viewed by a user. The reflective layer 126 has a thickness of 1 to 5 μm. The ink is selected to be biodegradable as defined herein.

[0208] The reflective layer 126 is connected to the support layer 128 by a connecting layer (which may be as described for the barrier layer), for example, adjacent to the support layer.

[0209] The reflective layer 126 is positioned to overlie the entire support layer 128 when viewed in the plane defined by the longitudinal direction 100 and the lateral direction 102. In this way, it is ensured that minimal / no transmission of the irradiated radiation 114 through the support layer 128.

[0210] In alternative embodiments not shown, the reflective layer may alternatively be formed, non-titanium oxide-based pigments may be used, which may include other relatively light colors such as white, pale blue, yellow, pale green, etc., the reflective layer may alternatively be formed from one or more solid pieces of material having the same optical properties rather than ink, the reflective layer may be discontinuous, for example, the reflective layer may be formed as a separate part that may be positioned deep below the absorbing layer or at the same depth as the absorbing layer but between units, or a combination of such arrangements in which the reflective layer has a functional arrangement to reflect radiation passing between gaps in the units of the absorbing layer, the reflective layer being arranged to form the units of the code, and the absorber being arranged to absorb radiation between the units. In one such example of Figure 12, the reflective and absorbing layers are swapped in position.

[0211] [Support layer] Support layer 128 is configured to provide the primary structural support for closure member 56. For example, at least 70%, or 80%, or 90% of the tensile strength of closure member 56 may be provided by support layer 128.

[0212] The closure member 56 is selected to meet penetration test standards.

[0213] In one embodiment, the test standard includes a closure member 56 configured to be penetrable (perforated completely in depth to form a penetration hole) by one or more piercing portions when subjected to a force greater than a threshold value.

[0214] The specifications of the piercing section are a tip section angled 70-30 degrees to taper outward from the piercing point occurring at the apex of the tip section, the piercing section is circular in cross section (transverse and longitudinal planes), the tip section has a perfect circle applied to the apex with a radius selected to correspond to the tip angle, and the base of the piercing section (e.g., distal to the apex) has a diameter of 1.5 mm.

[0215] The threshold force is 7-10 N or 5-15 N per puncture. Alternatively, the threshold may be a total force of 700 N (±20% or ±30%) applied to all punctures, for example, there may be a total of 88 or 50-150 punctures.

[0216] This penetration criterion ensures that closure member 58 is penetrable by machine 2, while also being sufficiently impenetrable to prevent accidental penetration, for example, during handling. Because support layer 128 is the primary structural support for closure member 56, this criterion can be achieved by appropriately selecting the thickness of support layer 128.

[0217] In this example, the support layer 128 comprises kraft paper (60 gsm) having a thickness of approximately 96 μm. Such a thickness range has been found to be conveniently penetrable by the machine 2 while providing adequate structural support. Paper produced from the kraft process (e.g., less lignin and less cellulose degradation) provides paper with relatively high elasticity and high tear resistance compared to paper produced from conventional pulping processes. The support layer 128 is selected to be biodegradable as defined herein.

[0218] Due to the transparency and biodegradability requirements, the support layer 128 transmits at least 30-80% of the emitted radiation 114 from the illumination system 110 .

[0219] In alternative embodiments not shown, the support layer may have an alternative thickness, for example 2-50 μm, 50-150 μm or 75-125 μm, and may be formed from other materials, for example aluminum and / or plastic systems including PET12u / Alu30 / BOPP30, and the support layer may be arranged as two or more layers which together have the required strength / permeability.

[0220] [Barrier layer] 12 and 13, the closure member 56 comprises a barrier layer 130 comprising a laminate of an inner cover layer 132, a connecting layer 134, a sealing layer 136, a connecting layer 138, and an outer cover layer 140.

[0221] The outer layer 132 and the inner layer 140 are configured to prevent the permeation of water into the sealing layer and also the permeation of oil or similar substances from the precursor material. The outer layer 132 and the inner layer 140 include a biodegradable aliphatic polyester. Examples include one or more of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), polybutylene sebacate terephthalate (PBST), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), and polybutylene adipate terphthalate (PBAT). Other suitable components include poly(alkylene dicarboxylate), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and starch. One example is Ecovio, which contains PBAT and PLA.

[0222] The connecting layers 134, 136 are configured to interconnect adjacent cover and seal layers. The connecting layers 134, 136 include one or more biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, such as PBS, PBAT, and / or PBST. The thickness is 3 to 5 micrometers (μm).

[0223] The sealing layer 136 is configured to provide an oxygen barrier to improve the shelf life of the container 6 by reducing the amount of oxygen permeable through the closure member 58 to the precursor material. The sealing layer 136 includes a vinyl alcohol polymer, including a copolymer. The vinyl alcohol polymer includes a highly amorphous vinyl alcohol polymer (HAVOH), including copolymers such as butanediol vinyl alcohol copolymer (BVOH). One example is referred to as G-Polymer.

[0224] In alternative embodiments not shown, alternative barrier layers may be implemented, there may be more than one sealing layer, only one of the outer or inner layers may be present, and the barrier layer may be omitted.

[0225] The thickness of the barrier layer 120 ranges from 20 to 125 μm. The thicknesses of the connecting layers 124 and 126 are in micrometers (μm). The thicknesses of the outer layer 122 and inner layer 130 are 20 to 50 μm. The thickness of the sealing layer 126 is 1.5 to 10 μm. Such thickness is selected so that the closure member 56 is penetrable by the aforementioned penetration test. Due to such thickness, the barrier layer 130 is permeable to the irradiated radiation 114. The barrier layer 120 is selected to be biodegradable as defined herein.

[0226] Barrier layer 130 is connected to support layer 128 by a connecting layer (not shown) such as those described above for connecting layers 134, 136.

[0227] [Information carrying layer] 12 and 14, closure member 56 includes an information-bearing layer 142. Information-bearing layer 142 is configured to conceal code 44 from a user (compared to an embodiment without information-bearing layer 142) when the user views closure member 56 while displaying container information to the user. This effect is achieved by operative positioning of information-bearing layer 142 relative to absorbent layer 124 and the configuration of reflective layer 126 and information-bearing layer 58, as described below.

[0228] 14, the information-bearing layer 142 is configured to provide container information (as described above) as one or more discrete objects 148 that are visible to a user, e.g., that are visible at wavelengths between 380 and 750 nm and that are of an observable size. The information-bearing layer 142 is visible to a user through the protective layer 122 and the absorbing layer 124.

[0229] The information-bearing layer 142 has a relatively low absorbance and reflectance for the applied radiation 114 so as not to substantially interfere with reading of the code 44 at the wavelengths described above. In embodiments, the information-bearing layer has an absorbance for the radiation of less than 20% and a reflectance for the radiation of less than 30%.

[0230] To improve the visibility of the objects of the information-bearing layer 142, the reflective layer 126 is configured to diffusely reflect all visible wavelengths, e.g., it appears as white (similar to the wavelengths of the irradiated radiation 114). In this way, the reflective layer 126 appears as a white emitting background upon which the objects 148 of the information-bearing layer 142 are superimposed.

[0231] The object 148 is configured with a characteristic dimension L, which is typically the largest dimension of the object 148; for example, L is the side length of the rectangle or the diameter of the circle for rectangular or circular objects 148, respectively, or for objects of other shapes, it is the dimension of a rectangle or circle fitted around the object. The characteristic dimension L is greater than the aforementioned characteristic dimension m of the code 44. In embodiments L>a m, a=2 or 3 or 5, up to 10 or 20. In the example code 44 of FIG. 9, m is 600-1600 μm and L is 4-15 mm.

[0232] In such a size relationship, it has been found that users focus on the larger length scale of the object 148 rather than the code 44 .

[0233] In an alternative embodiment not shown, the object is formed in multiple different colors (e.g., a combination of cyan, magenta, and yellow) to allow for carrying additional information and to enhance concealing of the code.

[0234] Because the code 44 and the object 148 are both in the visible spectrum, the code 44 may not be readable at visible wavelengths due to the presence of the information-bearing layer 142 in the digital image. Such a configuration may define the code 44 as being hidden.

[0235] The information-bearing layer 142 has a thickness of 1-5 μm. The information-bearing layer 142 is formed of ink, particularly a carbon-free ink so as not to interfere with reading the code 44 at the wavelengths described. The information-bearing layer 142 is selected to be biodegradable as defined herein.

[0236] The information-bearing layer 142 completely overlaps the reflective layer 126 and is disposed between the reflective layer 126 and the absorbing layer 124. In this manner, the reflective layer 126 illuminates the entire information-bearing layer 142.

[0237] The emitted radiation 114 is projected in the depth direction 104 through the information-bearing layer 142, and the reflected radiation 116 is projected in the reverse depth direction 104 through the information-bearing layer 142. Visible wavelengths are projected in the same way as the emitted wavelengths, but wavelengths of related colors are absorbed by the information-bearing layer 142.

[0238] The information-carrying layer 142 completely overlaps the absorbent layer 126. In this way, the code 44 is effectively hidden. The absorbent layer 126 is closest to the outer surface 118 than the information-carrying layer 142.

[0239] In alternative embodiments not shown, the information-carrying layer may alternatively be formed, for example, from a solid piece of material rather than ink, or may alternatively be formed seamlessly on the reflective layer rather than as a separate object, or the information-carrying layer may be omitted, or the information-carrying layer may alternatively be disposed between the absorbent layer and the outer surface, or between units of the absorbent layer, or including a combination of such arrangements.

[0240] [Colored layer] 12, the closure member 56 includes a color layer 146 arranged to provide a background color, for example brown, to the closure member 56. The color layer 146 is implemented in combination with the information-carrying layer 142 to apply the background color to an associated object 144.

[0241] The colored layer 146 is continuous and completely overlaps the reflective layer 128, being disposed between the reflective layer 126 and the information-carrying layer 142. In this manner, the reflective layer 126 illuminates the entire colored layer 146. The emitted radiation 114 is directed in the depth direction 104 through the information colored layer 146, and the reflected radiation 116 is directed in the opposite direction through the colored layer 146. Visible wavelengths are emitted in the same manner as the emitted wavelengths, but wavelengths of related colors are absorbed by the colored layer 146.

[0242] The colored layer 146 completely overlaps the absorbent layer 126 and the information-carrying layer 142. In this way, the code 44 is effectively hidden and the object 144 is colored.

[0243] The color layer has the same formation characteristics and transparency to radiant and visible light as the information-bearing layer 142, which will not be repeated for the sake of brevity.

[0244] In alternative embodiments not shown, the color layer may alternatively be formed, for example, from solid pieces of material rather than ink, the color layer may be formed at discrete locations on the reflective layer, for example at the location of the object and / or absorbent layer, the color layer may be omitted, the color layer may alternatively be positioned between the absorbent layer and the outer surface, or between units of the absorbent layer, or a combination of such positions.

[0245] [result] 15, a digital image is shown of a laminate with all the layers of the first example closure member as shown in FIG. 12, but without the reflective layer 126, captured by camera system 112. The image shows acceptable resolution between units 80 of code 44.

[0246] 16, a digital image of the same laminate when placed on a precursor material (not shown) is shown, and it can be seen that the resolution between units 80 of the code 44 is significantly reduced to a level known to cause reading errors.

[0247] 17, a digital image of the closure member 56 of FIG. 12 is shown when placed on precursor material (the precursor material is the same as the stack of FIGS. 13 and 14, but with the addition of a reflective layer 126). It can be seen that the inclusion of the reflective layer 126 improves the resolution between units 80 compared to the digital image of FIG. 14, and also compared to the digital image of FIG. 13.

[0248] [Precursor material as an absorber layer] Referring to FIG. 18 , a second example of a closure member 56 is provided, which includes similar layers and associated variations as the first example, but the absorbent layer is omitted and the reflective layer 126 is instead moved to the position of the absorbent layer to form a unit 80 of the cord 44.

[0249] The reflective layer 126 reflects the incident radiation 114 as reflected radiation 116 to form a digital image of the code (not shown). Thus, the incident radiation 114 passes between the units formed by the reflective layer 126 and into subsequent layers.

[0250] Without the reflective layer 126 preventing the irradiated radiation 114 from impinging on the support layer 128, the radiation would be directed into and pass through the support layer 128 (and barrier layer 130) just as the irradiated radiation 114 would pass through the closure member 56. The irradiated radiation 114 would be directed into the storage portion 58 (see FIG. 7) and onto the precursor material 150.

[0251] The precursor material 150 acts as an absorbing layer in the first example providing a dark background. The units 80 of code 44 appear as bright units on a dark background because the reflective layer 126 diffusely reflects the radiation.

[0252] The precursor material 150 absorbs at least 60% of the incident radiation 114 from the illumination system 110. By implementing the precursor material to absorb a large portion of the incident radiation 114, for example, more than 50% or 70%, the precursor material 150 provides a uniform and relatively dark background in the image.

[0253] The precursor material 150 includes ground coffee, which (like the ink that formed the absorbent layer in the first example) has been found to have high absorbance of selected wavelengths of radiation disclosed herein due to its high carbon content.

[0254] In alternative embodiments not shown, other precursor materials may be used, for example brown, and with respect to the first example, the reflective layer may be positioned in various locations within the closure member, including above, below, or between the information-carrying layer and the colored layer, and the reflective layer may be below the support layer.

[0255] [Specular reflector as a supporting layer] Referring to FIG. 19 , a third example of a closure member 56 is provided, which includes similar layers and associated variations as the first example, but in which the support layer 128 is alternatively configured for specular reflection of incident illuminated radiation 114 from the illumination system 110.

[0256] As described for the first example, the cord 44 includes an absorbing layer 124 configured to absorb the radiation 114 and a reflective layer 126 configured to diffusely reflect a portion of the radiation 114. The portion of the radiation 114 that travels through the reflective layer 126 undergoes specular reflection.

[0257] As described for the first example, the reflective layer 126 reflects a large portion (e.g., at least 70% reflectivity) of the radiation 144 as reflected radiation 116. Because the reflective layer 116 is diffusely reflective, the reflected radiation includes diffuse light. Transmittance to the radiation may be less than 20% or 30% of the radiation, with optional minimum transmittances of 5% or 10%.

[0258] The remainder of the radiation 144 (not absorbed by the reflective layer 126) may penetrate the reflective layer 126 into the support layer 128, undergo specular reflection, and serve to illuminate the code 44 and / or provide a surface finish on the container that is visible through the code (e.g., a metallic finish for an aluminum support layer). The specular reflection may then be diffusely emitted from the reflective layer 126 (and / or transmitted through the reflective layer as specular reflection).

[0259] In such a configuration, the code 44 may be formed on a support layer that is a specular reflector that would otherwise specularly reflect the radiation 114 and cause saturation of the code reader due to the high intensity of the reflected radiation. For example, the support layer 128 may have a reflectivity of at least 70% or 90%, such that a majority (e.g., at least 70% or 90%) of the radiation is reflected specularly. The support layer 128 may be implemented, for example, as aluminum or an aluminum-based polymer, including, for example, PET12u / Alu30 / BOPP30.

[0260] In the first, second, and third examples, and related variations, the entire closure member 56 is optionally biodegradable. As used herein, the term "biodegradable" may refer to a composition as defined by EN 13432:2000 (including anaerobic conditions, disintegration, etc.) or EN 14046:2004 (aerobic conditions).

[0261] In various embodiments, the material of closure member 56 optionally has a total thickness of 100-250 μm or 150-200 μm, which thickness ranges have been found to provide adequate structural support while remaining conveniently penetrable by the piercing portion of machine 2.

[0262] In alternative embodiments not shown, the cord and associated layer may be formed on other components of the container, for example on a storage portion, on other containers, for example as a wall of a packet.

[0263] The protective layer 110, the absorbing layer 124, the reflective layer 126, the information-carrying layer 142 and the colored layer 146 are formed together as described below and connected to the support layer 128 by connecting layers (not shown) as described above.

[0264] [Method of forming the closure member] Referring to FIG. 12, the process for forming the first example closure member 56 includes the following steps.

[0265] Step 1: The absorbent layer 124 is printed on the inside of the protective layer 122.

[0266] Step 2: Then, the reflective layer 126, the information-carrying layer 142 and the colored layer 146 are printed on the absorbing layer 124 and the protective layer 110 obtained from step 1 to form a print laminate.

[0267] Step 3: The print laminate from step 2 is bonded to a first side of the support layer 128 by a connecting layer (configured as described for the barrier layer).

[0268] Step 4: The barrier layer 130 is bonded to the second side of the support layer 128 by a connecting layer (configured as described for the barrier layer).

[0269] Step 5: The closure member 56 is cut from the printed laminate of step 4 with a cutting tool. Because the code is repeated throughout the laminate, multiple closure members 56 may be formed from the same printed laminate from anywhere on the laminate.

[0270] In an alternative embodiment, for steps 1 and 2, printing of the absorbent layer and the reflective layer can be completed simultaneously, for example, the reflective layer is formed in the gaps of the absorbent layer units, the absorbent layer, the reflective layer, the information-carrying layer and the coloring layer are printed on the support layer code layer, and the laminate is bonded to the protective layer, and steps 3 and 4 can be completed in any order or simultaneously.

[0271] In a second example of a closure member, the layers are printed onto a protective layer (or support layer) similar to the first example, except that the absorbent layer is omitted. The laminate is then connected to the support layer similar to the first example.

[0272] In instances where the code is formed on another part of the container, such as the body portion or the wall of the packet, the layer may be printed directly onto that wall (which is typically the support layer), with an optional protective layer bonded to the printed layer.

[0273] [How to read the code] Referring to FIG. 10 and the associated above description, for the first example of closure member 58, block 100 (capturing a digital image of the cord) includes the following steps.

[0274] Step 1: Irradiating emitted radiation 114 from a light source 110 of the code reading system 18 (see FIG. 18) through the protective layer 112 of the closure member 56.

[0275] Step 2: Absorbing a portion of the irradiated radiation 114 in the absorbing layer 124 (or in the second example of the closing member 58, the precursor material 150) and reflecting a portion of the radiation as reflected radiation 114 in the reflecting layer 126.

[0276] Step 3: Capturing a digital image of the code under the conditions of step 2.

[0277] The digital image from step 3 can then be processed to extract formulation information as described for the code processing steps of FIGS.

[0278] The container 6 can then be processed as described for the steps of Figure 8, including piercing the closure member with a perforator on a beverage or food preparation machine and injecting fluid into the reservoir portion of the container containing the precursor material.

[0279] It will be understood that any of the disclosed methods (or corresponding devices, programs, data carriers, etc.) may be performed by either a host or a client, depending on the particular implementation (i.e., the disclosed methods / devices are forms of communication(s) and, as such, can be performed from either "perspective," i.e., relative to one another). Furthermore, it will be understood that the terms "receiving" and "transmitting" encompass "input" and "output" and are not limited to the RF context of transmitting and receiving radio waves. Thus, for example, a chip, other device, or component implementing an embodiment may generate data for output to another chip, device, or component, or may have as input data from another chip, device, or component, and such output or input may be referred to as gerunds, i.e., "sending" and "receiving," as well as "sending" and "receiving," which include "sending" and "receiving" within the RF context.

[0280] As used herein, any expression used in the style "at least one of A, B, or C," as well as the expression "at least one of A, B, and C," uses the disjunctive "or" and the disjunctive "and," so that these expressions include any or all combinations of A, B, C and several permutations, i.e., A only, B only, C only, A and B in any order, A and C in any order, B and C in any order, A, B, C in any order. There may be more or fewer than three features used in such expressions.

[0281] In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the scope of the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those recited in the claim. Furthermore, as used herein, the terms "a" or "an" are defined as one or more. Also, the use of introductory phrases such as "at least one" and "one or more" in a claim should not be construed as meaning that the introduction of another claim element with the indefinite article "a" or "an" limits a particular claim containing such introduced claim element to inventions containing only one such element, even if the same claim also contains the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and an indefinite article such as "a" or "an." The same applies to the use of definite articles. Unless otherwise specified, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to arbitrarily distinguish between the elements they describe. Thus, these terms are not necessarily intended to indicate a chronological or other priority of such elements. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

[0282] Unless expressly stated as incompatible or unless the physical or other properties of the embodiments, examples, or claims preclude such combination, the features of the foregoing embodiments, examples, and appended claims may be combined together in any suitable configuration, particularly those that result in beneficial effects. This is not limited to any particular benefit alone, but may instead result from an "after-the-fact" benefit. This means that the combination of features is not limited to the described form, particularly the dependency format (e.g., numbering) of the example(s), embodiment(s), or claim(s). Furthermore, this also applies to phrases such as "in one embodiment," "according to one embodiment," and the like, which are merely literal styles and should not be construed as limiting the following features to a separate embodiment relative to all other instances of the same or similar language. This means that a reference to "an," "one," or "some" embodiment(s) may refer to one or more and / or all of the disclosed embodiments, or combination(s) thereof. Likewise, references to "the" embodiment may not be limited to the immediately preceding embodiment.

[0283] As used herein, any machine-executable instructions or computer-readable medium can perform the disclosed methods and thus can be used synonymously or interchangeably with the term method.

[0284] The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from experience with various implementations of the present disclosure. [Explanation of symbols]

[0285] 2. System 4 machines 14 Processing Unit 20 Container processing unit (first example) 32 Extraction Unit 34 Capsule holding part 36 Closed part 38 Injection Head 40 Beverage outlet 22 Fluid Regulation System 24 reservoir 26 Pump 28 Heat exchanger 30 exit 16 Electrical Circuits 48 Control Electric Circuit 50 input units 52 processors 54 Feedback System 18 Code Reading System 46 Image Acquisition Unit 110 Lighting System 114 Irradiated Radiation 116 Reflected Radiation 112 Camera System 6 containers 56 Closure member 44 Code 80 units R reference part 84 reference units r Reference Line O Origin D Data section 86 data units E coded line d distance 88 Starting position 90 discrete positions I Code Identification Part 94 Discrete Locations 96 Identification Unit 82 Border 92 perimeter 118 Exterior 120 Inside 122 Protective layer 44 Code 124 Absorbing Layer 126 Reflective layer 128 Supporter layer 130 Barrier Layer 132 inner cover layer 134 Connection Layer 136 Sealing Layer 138 Connection Layer 140 outer cover layer 142 Information Carrying Layer 144 objects 146 Colored layer 58 Storage section 150 Precursor materials 60 flange part 124 Front 128 Rear 8 Server Systems 10 Peripheral Devices 12 Computer Networks

Claims

1. 1. A container for use in a beverage or food preparation machine, comprising: a reservoir portion for containing a precursor material; a code for storing formulation information used by the machine to process the precursor material, the code configured to be readable by a code reading system of the machine having an illumination system for directing radiation onto the code, the code being positioned over the precursor material such that radiation from the illumination system is directed into the precursor material; the cord comprises a reflective layer configured to reflect the radiation; the container further comprises a support layer for supporting the cord, the support layer being made of a material that is at least partially transparent to the radiation from the lighting system; The vessel, wherein the reflective layer is configured to reflect the radiation before the radiation is transmitted to a support layer, and the precursor material is arranged to absorb the radiation.

2. The container of claim 1 , wherein the precursor material absorbs at least 60% of the radiation from the illumination system.

3. 3. The container of claim 1 or 2, wherein the precursor material comprises ground coffee.

4. 4. The container of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reflective layer is configured to diffusely reflect the radiation with a reflectance of at least 70%.

5. 5. The container of claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is formed from one or more inks that do not contain carbon, and the precursor material comprises carbon.

6. 6. A container according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the radiation of the light source has a wavelength greater than 700 nm or 800 nm, and the camera system is arranged to detect light of said wavelength.

7. 7. The container of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the portion of the container comprising the support layer and the cord is configured to be penetrable by one or more piercing points each having a tip angle of 70 to 30 degrees when subjected to a force of more than 5 to 15 N per piercing point.

8. 8. The container of claim 7, wherein the support layer has a thickness of 50 to 150 μm.

9. the support layer transmits at least 30-80% of the radiation from the lighting system; and / or Container according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the precursor material absorbs at least 60% of the radiation from the illumination system.

10. A container according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the container is biodegradable as defined with reference to this specification.

11. A system comprising a container according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and a machine for preparing a beverage or food product by processing the precursor material, the machine comprising: a code reading system for reading the code; a processing unit for processing the material of the container into the beverage or food product, the processing unit comprising a perforator for perforating the support layer of the container; and an electrical circuit for controlling the processing unit to perform a process on the container based on the preparation information.

12. 1. A closure for closing a storage portion of a container for use in a beverage or food preparation machine, said closure comprising: a code for storing formulation information used by the machine to process the precursor material, the code being configured to be readable by a code reading system of the machine having an illumination system for irradiating the code with radiation, the code being positioned overlying precursor material contained by the storage portion such that radiation from the illumination system is irradiated into the precursor material; the cord comprises a reflective layer configured to reflect the radiation; the closure member further comprises a support layer for supporting the cord, the support layer being made of a material that is at least partially transparent to the radiation from the lighting system; The reflective layer is configured to reflect the radiation before it is transmitted to a support layer, and the precursor material is arranged to absorb the radiation.

13. 13. Use of a closure member according to claim 12 for a container containing precursor material for use in a beverage or food preparation machine.

14. 1. A method of forming a closure for a container for use in a beverage or food preparation machine, the method comprising: printing a code on a protective layer, the code being readable by a code reading system through the protective layer, the code comprising a reflective layer configured to reflect radiation from the code reading system, the reflective layer being arranged to reflect the radiation before it penetrates into a support layer; connecting the plurality of layers to the support layer, the support layer being made of a material that is at least partially transparent to the radiation.

15. 1. A method of reading formulation information from a code on a container containing a precursor material, comprising: - reflecting radiation of an illumination system of a code reading system off a reflective layer of the code so that the radiation is attenuated through a support layer, the support layer being made of a material that is at least partially transparent to the radiation; absorbing the radiation transmitted through the support layer in the precursor material; acquiring a digital image of the code layer by a camera system of the code reading system; and processing the digital image to extract the preparation information.

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