Low-fat, low-irritation diet composition for companion animals

Abstract

This disclosure provides a low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food composition for companion animals containing approximately 50 to approximately 80 g / Mcal of protein, wherein the protein comprises at least approximately 80% hydrolyzed protein, approximately 120 to approximately 180 g / Mcal of starch, wherein the starch comprises at least one rice source, approximately 10 to approximately 30 g / Mcal of total food fiber (TDF), and less than approximately 25 g / Mcal of fat. The composition can be used for companion animals suffering from adverse food reactions (AFRs) such as concomitant hyperlipidemia, lymphangiectasia, or any form of fat intolerance, fat malabsorption, and / or chronic intestinal disease.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] 1. Cross - reference to related applications This application claims the benefit of priority of European Patent Application No. 23167128.0, filed on April 6, 2023, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] 2. Technical Field The present disclosure relates to low - fat, low - stimulus nutritional compositions for achieving fat restriction in companion animals suffering from adverse food reactions (AFR), such as any form of fat intolerance, fat malabsorption, and / or nutritional supplementation in cases of concomitant hyperlipidaemia, lymphangiectasia, or chronic intestinal diseases, especially when proteins are lost due to intestinal diseases.

Background Art

[0003] 3. Background Art Protein - losing enteropathy (PLE) is a syndrome of excessive intestinal protein loss secondary to diseases that affect the intestinal mucosa and surrounding structures. The exact mechanism leading to protein loss is not well - described in veterinary medicine, but it is likely due to changes in intestinal permeability, direct mucosal erosion or ulceration related to changes in lymphatic function, and direct loss of protein - rich lymph.

[0004] There are numerous potential causes of PLE, but idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) are considered the most common causes of PLE in dogs.

[0005] In humans with PLE, nutritional management is considered the mainstay of therapy. Dietary therapy is equally important in dogs with PLE. Novel or hydrolyzed protein diets are often suggested for dogs with inflammatory bowel disease, while strict fat restriction is often recommended for dogs with IL. Therefore, commercially available hydrolyzed diets generally have a higher fat content than those commonly recommended for dogs with lymphangiectasia, which can make dietary selection difficult when managing patients with histopathological evidence of both inflammatory bowel disease and lymphangiectasia.

[0006] U.S. Patent Publication 2017 / 0332669 discloses an extruded and packaged pet food product for a low-fat diet. In particular, this disclosure does not teach a hypoallergenic diet using hydrolyzed protein. European Patent Application 3 639 674 discloses a hypoallergenic pet food with a limited amount of starch, up to 30% by weight, where lower amounts of starch are associated with lower energy density.

[0007] Therefore, there remains a need for nutritionally complete dietary compositions adapted to the diets of companion animals that combine one or more dietary restrictions, including low-fat and low-allergen diets.

[0008] In particular, there remains a need for nutritionally complete food compositions that can be recommended for companion animals that require hydrolyzed protein diets, such as animals that are low in fat but suffer from harmful food reactions.

[0009] There is still a need for a nutritionally complete food composition that is low in irritants and fat, and can be recommended for companion animals suffering from hyperlipidemia.

[0010] Furthermore, there remains a need for nutritionally complete food compositions that are hypoallergenic, low in fat, and suitable for companion animals suffering from fat intolerance or fat assimilation.

[0011] In particular, such complete nutritionally complete food compositions should maintain palatability, be well-tolerated by pets, and be easy to manufacture despite their low fat content. [Overview of the project]

[0012] 4. Outline of the Invention In a first aspect, the present disclosure relates to a low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food composition for companion animals, comprising: protein in amounts of about 50 g / Mcal to about 80 g / Mcal, wherein the protein comprises at least about 80% hydrolyzed protein; starch in amounts of about 120 g / Mcal to about 180 g / Mcal, wherein the starch is derived from at least one rice source; total food fiber (TDF) in amounts of about 10 g / Mcal to about 30 g / Mcal; and less than about 25 g / Mcal of fat.

[0013] In another aspect, the disclosure relates to a method for producing a low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition for companion animals, comprising at least the step of mixing all the ingredients together.

[0014] In another aspect, the Disclosure relates to a low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition obtained by the Disclosure or by the Method of the Disclosure for use as a nutritional supplement for companion animals suffering from adverse food reactions.

[0015] Furthermore, this disclosure relates to low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food compositions obtained by or using the methods herein, for use as nutritional supplements for companion animals suffering from fat intolerance and / or dyslipidemia.

[0016] Another aspect relates to a low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition obtained by or using the methods herein, for use as a nutritional supplement for companion animals suffering from hyperlipidemia. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0017] 5. Modes for Carrying Out the Invention One of the purposes of this disclosure is to provide a novel, highly tolerable diet food composition that can be fed to companion animals that require two or more dietary restrictions, including a low-fat diet and a low-allergen diet.

[0018] To be clear rather than restrictive, this detailed explanation is divided into the following sub-sections.

[0019] 5.1 Definition 5.2 units 5.3 Low-fat, low-irritant food composition 5.4 Uses and methods for preparing low-fat, low-food compositions

[0020] 5.1. Definition The terms used herein generally have their usual meanings in the art, within the context of this subject matter, and in the specific context in which each term is used. Specific terms are defined below to provide additional guidance for describing the compositions and methods of the subject matter of this disclosure, as well as their preparation and use.

[0021] As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include the plural form unless otherwise explicitly stated by context. Thus, for example, a reference to a compound includes mixtures of compounds.

[0022] As used herein, the terms "about" or "approximately" mean within an acceptable error range for a particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which will depend in part on how the value is measured or determined, i.e., the limitations of the measurement system. For example, about can mean within three standard deviations, or more than three standard deviations, depending on the practice in the art. Alternatively, "about" can mean within a range of up to 10%, more preferably up to 5%, even more preferably up to 1% of a given value.

[0023] As used herein, the terms "including", "comprising", or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, composition, article, or apparatus that includes the recited elements may include not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed or other elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0024] In the detailed description herein, references to "an embodiment", "one embodiment", "some embodiments", or "various embodiments" mean that one or more of the described embodiments may include a particular configuration, structure, or feature, but not every embodiment may necessarily include that particular configuration, structure, or feature. Further, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular configuration, structure, or feature is described in connection with an embodiment, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that such configuration, structure, or feature may affect other embodiments whether or not explicitly described in connection with those other embodiments. One or more techniques for implementing the present disclosure in alternative embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art upon reading this specification.

[0025] As used herein, a companion animal or pet refers to a domestic or wild (stray) animal. In certain embodiments, it can refer to an animal of the Canidae family including dogs, or an animal of the Felidae family including cats.

[0026] As used herein, the term Felidae includes animals that include pet animals selected from cheetahs, pumas, jaguars, leopards, lions, mountain lions, ligers, tigers, panthers, bobcats, ocelots, saber-toothed tigers, caracals, servals, and cats. As used herein, cats include feral cats and pet cats. In certain embodiments, the cat is a pet cat.

[0027] As used herein, the term "Canidae" includes animals that include pet animals selected from recognized dog breeds (some of which are further subdivided), including Afghan Hound, Airedale, Akita, Alaskan Malamute, Basset Hound, Beagle, Belgian Shepherd, Bloodhound, Border Collie, Border Terrier, Borzoi, Boxer, Bulldog, Bull Terrier, Cairn Terrier, Chihuahua, Chow Chow, Cocker Spaniel, Collie, Corgi, Dachshund, Dalmatian, Doberman, English Setter, Fox Terrier, German Shepherd, Golden Retriever, Great Dane, Greyhound, Griffon Bruxellois, Irish Setter, Irish Wolfhound, King Charles Spaniel, Labrador Retriever, Lhasa Apso, Mastiff, Newfoundland, Old English Sheepdog, Papillon, Pekingese, Pointer, Pomeranian, Poodle, Pug, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard, Saluki, Samoyed, Schnauzer, Scottish Terrier, Shetland Sheepdog, Shih Tzu, Siberian Husky, Skye Terrier, Springer Spaniel, West Highland Terrier, Whippet, Yorkshire Terrier, and the like.

[0028] As used in this disclosure, the terms “food composition” or “diet” encompass all foods, diets, foods, or materials that may contain proteins, carbohydrates, and / or crude fats. Foods may also contain supplementary substances or additives, such as minerals, vitamins, and formulations. Such food compositions may be nutritionally complete. In certain embodiments, the food composition according to this disclosure is a nutritionally complete food composition.

[0029] As used in this disclosure, the terms wet food or wet food composition generally refer to a food composition which may have a water content of about 30% by weight or more, and generally more than about 40% by weight, relative to the total weight of the food composition. In certain embodiments, the wet food composition may have a water content of less than about 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the food composition. Generally, this is the final product of a process which includes a final sterilization step instead of a final drying step. In certain embodiments, the wet food consists of chunk form, more specifically, heavy form chunks. In certain embodiments, the wet food consists of chunks and gravy, jelly chunks, loaf, mousse, terrine, and bite forms.

[0030] Chunk and gravy products contain pre-formed meat particles, prepared by creating a meat emulsion and passing this emulsion through a muzzle under pressure, followed by cooking. The cooked meat and other products are then diced into chunks, which are ultimately mixed with weight or flavorings. The two components are then filled into containers, typically cans or pouches, which are seam- or sealed and sterilized. In contrast to minced meat loaf, chunk and gravy compositions have individual chunks (i.e., ground meat and grain fragments) that are physically separated during preparation. These individual particles are present in the gravy-type liquid in the final container. When serving, chunk and gravy products can flow out of the can and easily mix with other dry products. While chunk and gravy products allow for better integrity of the individual components, the uneven formulation of chunky and gravity products may be undesirable to consumers.

[0031] Wet food compositions are generally packaged in can-like containers and are considered "wet" in appearance due to the moisture they contain. Two types of wet compositions are generally known in the art. The first is known in the art as "ground loaf." Loaf products are typically prepared by bringing a mixture of constituent elements into contact under heat to produce a ground loaf, which is a mass of essentially homogeneous meat particles arranged in a honeycomb pattern. The mass of ground loaf is then packaged in a cylindrical container such as a can. During packaging, the ground loaf takes on the shape of the container so that it must be cut when serving companion animals.

[0032] In certain embodiments, the packaging may be for a wet food composition. In this way, consumers can identify the ingredients in the food from the packaging and confirm that it is suitable for the specific pet they are targeting. The packaging may be made of metal, plastic, paper, or card.

[0033] As used in this disclosure, the terms dry food or dry food composition generally refer to a food or composition having a water content of less than about 12% by weight, and generally less than about 7% by weight, relative to the total weight of the food composition. In certain embodiments, the dry food according to this disclosure may have a water content of up to about 12% by weight. In certain embodiments, the dry food described above may have a water content of about 7% by weight or less, such as about 5% by weight. In certain embodiments, the dry food may have a water content of more than about 3% by weight relative to the total weight of the food composition. For example, the examples provided herein illustrate a dry food having a water content of about 9.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the food composition. In certain embodiments, the dry food may be in the form of kibble (dried pet food). In certain embodiments, for example, and not limited to, the kibble may consist of particles, pellets, pieces of pet food, dehydrated meat, meat analogues, vegetables, and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, for example, and not limited to, the kibble may consist of pet snacks such as meat or vegetable jerky, rawhide, and biscuits.

[0034] Dry food compositions can be manufactured by mixing ingredients and kneading together to produce a consistent dough that can be cooked. Generally, they can be the final product of a process that includes an extrusion step followed by a drying step. The process of producing dry pet food can usually be done by baking and / or extrusion molding. The dough may be configured to be fed into a machine called an expander and / or extruder, which typically uses pressurized steam or hot water to heat the raw materials. Inside the extruder, the dough is under extreme pressure and high temperature. The dough is then extruded through a die (a hole of a specific size and shape) and can then be cut using a knife. The expanded dough pieces are made into dry products such as kibble by passing them through a dryer so that the moisture content is reduced to a defined target that ensures the food's stability until consumption. The product / kibble can then be sprayed with fats, oils, minerals, vitamins, a cocktail of natural extracts, and flavorings and optionally sealed in packaging.

[0035] As used in this disclosure, the term "kibble" encompasses particulate pellet-like components of animal feed, such as dog and cat feed, which typically have a moisture or water content of less than 12% by weight relative to the total weight of the kibble. The texture of kibble can range from hard to soft. The internal structure of kibble can range from coarse to dense. Kibble can be formed by an extrusion process. For example, kibble can be formed from a core and a coating to form coated kibble, also known as coated kibble. When the term "kibble" is used, it should be understood that it can refer to either uncoated kibble or coated kibble.

[0036] The process of producing dry food is typically carried out by baking and / or extrusion. The dough is usually fed into a machine called an expander and / or extruder, which uses pressurized steam or hot water to cook the raw materials. Inside the extruder, the dough is subjected to extreme pressure and high temperature. The dough is then extruded through a die (particularly holes for sizing and shaping) and subsequently cut using a knife. The expanded dough pieces are then made into kibble by passing them through a dryer to reduce the moisture content to a defined target, ensuring the food's stability until consumption. The kibble can then be sprayed with a cocktail of fats, oils, minerals, vitamins, and natural extracts and optionally sealed in packaging. In certain embodiments, the dry food composition is packaged. In this way, consumers can identify the ingredients in the food from the packaging and confirm that it is suitable for a particular pet, e.g., the target dog. The packaging can be metal, plastic, paper, or card.

[0037] In certain embodiments, the composition is a dry food composition, particularly in the form of kibble.

[0038] As used in this disclosure, the terms “semi-wet food” or “semi-wet food composition” generally refer to a food composition having an intermediate moisture content of about 12% to about 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the food composition. Thus, such semi-wet food compositions are generally the final product of a process that enables an intermediate moisture content between dry food and wet food. In certain embodiments, the process described above may include a step of adding a humectant. In certain embodiments, the process may include an extrusion step using a superheated stream (SHS) and subsequent processing steps. In certain embodiments, the semi-wet food according to this disclosure may have a moisture content of more than about 12% and up to about 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the food composition. In certain embodiments, the semi-wet food composition may have a moisture content of about 11% to about 20% by weight and / or a water activity of about 0.64 to about 0.75 relative to the total weight of the food composition. In certain embodiments, the semi-wet food composition may have a water content of about 11% to about 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the food composition, and a water activity of about 0.64 to about 0.75.

[0039] As used in this disclosure, a hypoallergenic food composition refers to a composition that substantially limits or does not produce an allergic reaction at the time of consumption. The hypoallergenic food compositions disclosed herein may be dry food compositions or wet food compositions. In particular, a hypoallergenic food composition may also be a dry food composition.

[0040] In this disclosure, the terms "low-irritation, nutritionally complete dry food composition," "food composition," and "composition" are used interchangeably to refer to the low-irritation, nutritionally complete dry food composition of this disclosure.

[0041] As used in this disclosure, low-fat food composition means a composition or diet having a significantly lower fat content than a normal diet. In Europe, according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2020 / 354 of March 4, 2020, a diet with low levels of fat is a complete diet with a moisture content of 12% and fat ≤ 110 g / kg, and a dry material energy density of 3500 kcal / kg (according to the NRC06 equation based on crude fiber), which translates to low-fat average fat ≤ 35.7 g / Mcal (ME NRC06). In the United States, low-fat is defined as <9% fat for a product with moisture < 20%, assuming a dry material energy density of 4000 kcal / kg (according to the NRC85 equation), which can be translated to low-fat average fat < ​​22.5-28 g / Mcal (ME NR85). Although not restrictive, it can be considered that being low-fat means having fat < ​​25 g / Mcal.

[0042] As used in this disclosure, "nutritionally complete" means that the composition of this disclosure provides a companion animal with complete and balanced nutritional requirements. Specifically, a nutritionally complete food composition contains, for example, all known necessary nutrients for the intended recipient of the food composition in appropriate amounts and proportions, based on recognized and recommended by the competent authorities in the field of animal nutrition. A nutritionally complete food composition may contain carriers, diluents, or excipients. Depending on the intended use, the carriers, diluents, or excipients may be selected to be suitable for use by animals. As used in this disclosure, "nutritional support" means that this disclosure may be used to overcome nutritional deficiencies in the diet of a companion animal, as a result, the companion animal may have a complete daily nutritional food intake.

[0043] Where used in this disclosure, the expression “adverse food reaction” refers to an abnormal or excessive reaction of a companion animal to the ingestion of a food composition, and this negative response may cause a loss of appetite, which may lead to refusal to eat. The adverse food reaction response may be immunomediated, known as a food allergy. The negative response may also be a non-immunomediated response, known as food intolerance. Exemplaryly, adverse food reactions include pruritus, often referred to as itching, and may result in additional dermatological signs such as alopecia, seborrhea, or pyoderma.

[0044] As used in this disclosure, the terms “allergic reaction” or “allergy” refer to a clinically altered immune response by an individual to a food allergen. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may affect the skin (e.g., urticaria, angioedema, pruritus), the respiratory system (e.g., wheals, cough, laryngeal edema, runny nose, watery / itchy eyes), the gastrointestinal system (e.g., vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea), and / or the cardiovascular system (if a systemic reaction occurs). An allergic reaction to a food composition may cause an adverse food reaction in a companion animal fed this food composition.

[0045] In some embodiments, adverse food reactions may consist of damage to the skin, respiratory, digestive, and / or cardiovascular systems. Damage to the skin system may include urticaria, angioedema, alopecia, seborrhea, pyoderma, and / or pruritus. Damage to the respiratory system may include sneezing, coughing, laryngeal edema, rhinorrhea, and / or watery / itchy eyes. Damage to the gastrointestinal system may include vomiting, abdominal pain, and / or diarrhea. Damage to the cardiovascular system may include angina, heart attack, and / or heart failure.

[0046] Where used in this disclosure, hyperlipidemia (also known as hyperlipidemia), endocrine disorder, or lipid metabolism disorder is a disorder of lipid metabolism resulting in elevated levels of lipids in the blood, particularly triglycerides (triacylglycerides) and / or cholesterol. In companion animals, the most clinically relevant type of hyperlipidemia is the discovery of excessive concentrations of triglycerides in the blood, hypertriglyceridemia (or hypertriacylglyceridemia). The main cause of hyperlipidemia can be either genetic or familial. The main forms in companion animals may be idiopathic hyperlipidemia in miniature schnauzers and hyperthyromicronemia in cats. Secondary hyperlipidemia may be associated with endocrine disorders (i.e., diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and hyperadrenocorticism) or pancreatitis.

[0047] As used in this disclosure, “fat intolerance” refers to a condition in which a companion animal is unable to tolerate normal levels of fat.

[0048] Where used in this disclosure, “fat disanabolism” or “fat malabsorption” refers to a condition that impairs or disrupts the digestion and / or absorption of fats by companion animals. Food fats are among the most complex nutrients to be processed in the gastrointestinal tract. Because this process involves multiple organs and multiple steps, disruption of fat digestion and absorption can occur in several gastrointestinal disorders. The resulting fat disanabolism not only hinders fat absorption but also interferes with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, and bile salts. Malabsorbed fats and bile acids are hydroxylated and deconjugated by colonic bacteria to produce potent secretory substances. Deconjugated bile acids and hydroxylated fatty acids are toxic to the colonic mucosa and can cause increased mucosal permeability, altered motility, and secretory diarrhea. Companion animals with this type of diarrhea may experience rapid dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and rapid weight loss.

[0049] Animals with fat intolerance and / or fat assimilation may, in more severe cases, exhibit signs such as diarrhea and weight loss, or fatty bleeding (excessive excretion of fat in the stool, resulting in solid, limp, greasy, and foul-smelling feces).

[0050] As used in this disclosure, “lymphandilation” or “intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL)” is a disorder characterized by dilation, obstruction, and / or dysfunction of the lymphatic vessels in the small intestine. Dogs with IL often suffer from diarrhea, weight loss, vomiting, and fluid retention, secondary to protein loss from the intestines. IL in dogs may occur as a primary condition or as a result of another condition that causes alterations in lymphatic flow, such as chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIE).

[0051] 5.2. Units The amounts of the components of the compositions disclosed herein are generally expressed in terms of weight per mcal (megacalories) unless otherwise specified (e.g., % when fed, but not limited to).

[0052] When used in this disclosure, the amount of an ingredient expressed as weight / Mcal consists of the weight of the ingredient in terms of metabolic energy (ME) units of the total animal food composition.

[0053] When used in this disclosure, the ME parameter is intended to represent the energy value of a food composition that is directly metabolized after consumption. Within the scope of this disclosure, the ME value can be measured by any suitable method known in the art.

[0054] Exemplary, the ME value can be measured using a feeding test. In practice, the total energy (GE) of the food is determined in the laboratory, and the amount of food consumed by the animal is recorded. Feces and urine are collected from the animal, and their respective energies are determined, referred to as fecal energy (FE) and urine energy (UE), respectively. Then, the ME is calculated as follows:

[0055] ME (kcal / kg) = [GE - (FE + UE)] / kg of food consumed Alternatively, the ME value can be measured by mathematical methods, taking into account the proportions of crude fat (CF), crude protein (CP), and NFE (carbohydrates) in the composition. In practice, each percentage is multiplied by its respective Atwater coefficient. Then, the resulting sum is multiplied by 10. The mathematical method can be expressed by the following formula:

[0056] ME(kcal / kg)=10×[(3.5×CP)+(8.5×CF)+(3.5×NFE)]

[0057] To calculate nutrient content on an energy basis, the energy density of the diet (in kcal / kg) and the nutrient concentration in the diet (in %) or mg / kg) are required. Nutrient values ​​can be calculated using the following formula.

[0058] Nutrient value in g / mcal = (Nutrient concentration % at time of intake multiplied by 10) / (Energy density of diet in kcal / kg) × 1000 or Nutrient value in mg / Mcal = (Nutrient concentration in diet in mg / kg) / (Energy density of diet in kcal / kg) × 1000

[0059] For example, a diet with an energy density of 3900 kcal / kg and a zinc content of 180 mg / kg means that 180 mg of zinc is present in 3900 kcal, and therefore the diet contains 1000 kcal (Mcal). The nutritional value of zinc = 180 / 3900 × 1000 = 46 mg / Mcal In some embodiments, ME can be determined according to a predictive equation proposed by the National Research Council (NRC) in 2006, which has been shown to be more accurate than previous equations for animal food compositions (Calvez et al., PLoS One. 2019).

[0060] In certain embodiments of this disclosure, particularly for felines, the ME in kcal / 100g can be calculated as follows:

[0061] ME=GE×[95.6-(0.89×TDF×100 / DM)] / 100)-(0.77×CP) or ME=GE×[87.9-(0.88×CF×100 / DM)] / 100)-(0.77×CP) GE = (5.7 x CP) + (9.4 x CF) + [4.1 x (NFE + CF)]

[0062] In certain embodiments of this disclosure, particularly for canids, the ME in kcal / 100g can be calculated as follows:

[0063] ME=GE×[96.6-(0.95×TDF×100 / DM)] / 100-(1.04×CP) or ME=GE×[91.2-(1.43×CF×100 / DM)] / 100)-(1.04×CP) GE = (5.7 x CP) + (9.4 x CF) + [4.1 x (NFE + CF)]

[0064] 5.3. Low fat hypoallergenic food composition This disclosure provides low-fat, low-irritant dietary compositions. As will be seen from the following examples, low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete pet food compositions containing hydrolyzed protein, starch from rice sources, fiber, and less than approximately 25 g / Mcal of fat are demonstrated to remain highly palatable, be highly digestible, and have the ability to improve the health of companion animals suffering from gastrointestinal disorders.

[0065] 5.3.1. Proteins The food compositions according to this disclosure may include one or more separate sources of protein. In certain embodiments, the food compositions described herein may consist of a single protein source. In certain embodiments, the compositions according to this disclosure may contain about 50 g / Mcal to about 80 g / Mcal of protein.

[0066] The protein content of the compositions of this disclosure shall be sufficiently high to ensure the maintenance of lean body mass. In certain embodiments, the compositions of this disclosure may be configured to contain hydrolyzed or non-hydrolyzed protein in amounts ranging from about 50 g / Mcal to about 80 g / Mcal. In certain embodiments, the compositions of this disclosure may be configured to contain about 55 g / Mcal to about 80 g / Mcal of protein, about 55 g / Mcal to about 75 g / Mcal of protein, about 60 g / Mcal to about 80 g / Mcal, or about 60 g / Mcal to about 75 g / Mcal of protein. In certain embodiments, the disclosure may be configured to contain about 70 g / Mcal of protein.

[0067] When used in this disclosure, protein content in the range of approximately 50g / Mcal to approximately 80g / Mcal is 50g / Mcal, 51g / Mcal, 52g / Mcal, 53g / Mcal, 54g / Mcal, 55g / Mcal, 56g / Mcal, 57g / Mcal, 58g / Mcal, 59g / Mcal, 60g / Mcal, 61g / Mcal, 62g / Mcal, 63g / Mcal, 64g / Mcal. The composition may include protein content of g / Mcal, 65g / Mcal, 66g / Mcal, 67g / Mcal, 68g / Mcal, 69g / Mcal, 70g / Mcal, 71g / Mcal, 72g / Mcal, 73g / Mcal, 74g / Mcal, 75g / Mcal, 76g / Mcal, 77g / Mcal, 78g / Mcal, 79g / Mcal, and 80g / Mcal.

[0068] The proteins suitable for the compositions of this disclosure may be derived from plant or animal sources. Any suitable animal source of protein may be used, including but not limited to poultry, chicken, chicken meal, lamb, lamb meal, fish, fish meal, meat and bone meal, meat by-products, meat meal, turkey, plasma, insects, bone marrow, and feathers. Any suitable plant protein source may be used, including but not limited to soybeans, chickpeas, corn, rice, lentil, or barley.

[0069] In certain embodiments, the compositions of the Disclosure do not contain non-hydrolyzed proteins. In certain embodiments, the compositions of the Disclosure do not contain non-hydrolyzed proteins derived from wheat gluten, dried egg, beef, chicken, yeast, potato protein, and pea protein.

[0070] In certain embodiments, the compositions of the Disclosure contain about 50 to about 80 g / Mcal of protein, and such protein contains at least about 80% hydrolyzed protein, meaning that the protein content of the compositions according to the Disclosure may contain at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or at least about 100% hydrolyzed protein relative to the total weight of protein in the composition. When used in the Disclosure, a protein containing at least 80% hydrolyzed protein may be a composition containing a protein that contains about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 100% hydrolyzed protein relative to the total weight in the composition.

[0071] In certain embodiments, hydrolyzed plant proteins, such as soybeans in particular, may be used. In certain embodiments, hydrolyzed proteins derived from feathers, particularly from poultry, may be used. In certain embodiments, the single source of protein is feather hydrolysates, particularly poultry feather hydrolysates.

[0072] In certain embodiments, hydrolyzed protein is the sole source of protein in the composition of the Disclosure. In certain embodiments, the composition of the Disclosure may comprise hydrolyzed plant protein as the sole source of protein. In certain embodiments, the hydrolyzed protein is derived from a single source of protein. In certain embodiments, the single source of protein may comprise a plant source of protein, particularly selected from soybeans, chickpeas, corn, rice, lentils, or barley. In certain embodiments, the single source of protein may comprise feather hydrolysates, particularly poultry feather hydrolysates.

[0073] Methods for hydrolyzing proteins are well known. Hydrolyzates can be produced by any known chemical or enzymatic method, such as the methods disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,589,357, U.S. Patent No. 4,879,131, U.S. Patent No. 5,039,532, or European Patent No. 1,236,405, which are incorporated herein by reference in non-limiting examples.

[0074] In certain embodiments, the hydrolyzed protein may have a molecular weight in the range of approximately 1,000 Da to approximately 15,000 Da, approximately 1,000 Da to approximately 11,000 Da, approximately 1,000 Da to approximately 5,000 Da, approximately 2,000 Da to approximately 15,000 Da, approximately 2,000 Da to approximately 11,000 Da, or approximately 2,000 Da to approximately 5,000 Da.

[0075] When used in this disclosure, the range of approximately 1,000 Da to approximately 15,000 Da is 1,000 Da, 1,250 Da, 1,500 Da, 1,750 Da, 2,000 Da, 2,250 Da, 2,500 Da, 2,750 Da, 3,000 Da, 3,250 Da, 3,500 Da, 3,750 Da a, 4,000Da, 4,250Da, 4,500Da, 4,750Da, 5,000Da, 5,250Da, 5,500Da, 5,750Da, 6,000Da, 6,250Da, 6,500Da, 6,750Da, 7,000Da, 7,250Da, 7,500Da, 7,750Da, 8,000Da, 8,250Da, 8,500Da, 8,750Da, 9,000Da, 9,250Da, 9,500Da, 9,750Da, 10,000Da, 10,250Da, 10,500Da, 10,750Da, 11,000Da, 11,250Da, 11,500Da, 11, This includes 750Da, 12,000Da, 12,250Da, 12,500Da, 12,750Da, 13,000Da, 13,250Da, 13,500Da, 13,750Da, 14,000Da, 14,250Da, 14,500Da, 14,750Da, and 15,000Da.

[0076] 5.3.2. Fibers The hood compositions described herein may include one or more separate sources of fibers and fiber types. Generally, the hood compositions described herein include multiple fiber sources.

[0077] Total food fiber (TDF) is the residue of edible plant cell wall polysaccharides, lignin, and related substances resistant to hydrolysis by digestive enzymes. As used in this disclosure, food fiber represents the indigestible portion of plant food. The most common food fibers are lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and gum. Suitable food fibers for the compositions of this disclosure may include lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, gum, beta-glucan, or combinations thereof.

[0078] In certain embodiments, the food composition contains total food fiber (TDF) of approximately 10 g / Mcal to approximately 30 g / Mcal, approximately 10 g / Mcal to approximately 20 g / Mcal, approximately 20 g / Mcal to approximately 30 g / Mcal, or approximately 15 g / Mcal to approximately 25 g / Mcal, approximately 15 g / Mcal to approximately 20 g / Mcal, or approximately 16 g / Mcal.

[0079] As used in this disclosure, approximately 10 g / mcal to approximately 30 g / mcal may include 10 g / mcal, 11 g / mcal, 12 g / mcal, 13 g / mcal, 14 g / mcal, 15 g / mcal, 16 g / mcal, 17 g / mcal, 18 g / mcal, 19 g / mcal, 20 g / mcal, 21 g / mcal, 22 g / mcal, 23 g / mcal, 24 g / mcal, 25 g / mcal, 26 g / mcal, 27 g / mcal, 28 g / mcal, 29 g / mcal and 30 g / mcal.

[0080] Examples of suitable sources of food fiber for carrying out the compositions of the present disclosure include rice husks, corn and corn by-products, soybean husks, beet pulp, dried potato products, cellulose, bran, peanut shells, pectin, and mixtures thereof.

[0081] As used in this disclosure, total food fiber may consist of soluble and insoluble fiber. Soluble fiber is generally accepted to be defined as being resistant to digestion and absorption in the small intestine and capable of undergoing full or partial fermentation in the large intestine, even if it is not bound. Insoluble fiber is generally accepted to be defined as non-starch polysaccharides that are resistant to digestion and absorption in the small intestine and capable of fermentation in the large intestine.

[0082] In certain embodiments, for the purposes of the present disclosure, the preferred source of soluble fiber may be selected from beet pulp, guar gum, chicory pulp, chicory root, psyllium, pectin, blueberries, cranberries, pumpkins, apples, oats, beans, citrus fruits, barley, and peas.

[0083] In certain embodiments, for the purposes of this disclosure, the preferred source of insoluble fiber may be selected from cellulose, whole wheat products, wheat oats, corn bran, flaxseed, grapes, celery, kidney beans, cauliflower, potato peels, fruit peels, vegetable peels, peanut shells, and soy fiber.

[0084] 5.3.3. Carbohydrates or NFE As used in this disclosure and as is permitted in the conventional art, nitrogen-free extracts (NFEs) consist of soluble carbohydrate fractions present in the food compositions disclosed herein. When present in the aforementioned food compositions, NFEs include soluble polysaccharides, starches, gums, mucus, and pectins.

[0085] Therefore, as is conventionally permitted in the art, in certain embodiments, the crude fiber material that may be present in the food composition does not contain an insoluble carbohydrate fraction.

[0086] Typically, the content of a food composition in a nitrogen-free extract can be determined by subtracting the content of each of the other components (protein, fat, crude fiber, ash) from the total dry content of the food composition.

[0087] NFE or carbohydrates may be supplied under any suitable source(s) known in the art. Suitable sources of NFE may be selected from oat fiber, cellulose, peanut shells, beet pulp, parboiled rice, corn starch, corn gluten meal, and any combination thereof. Examples of grains supplying carbohydrates include, but are not limited to, wheat, corn, barley, and rice.

[0088] In certain embodiments, the composition according to this disclosure may include NFE of about 130 g / Mcal to about 190 g / Mcal, about 130 g / Mcal to about 160 g / Mcal, about 130 g / Mcal to about 150 g / Mcal, about 140 g / Mcal to about 190 g / Mcal, about 140 g / Mcal to about 160 g / Mcal, about 140 g / Mcal to about 150 g / Mcal, or about 145 g / Mcal.

[0089] When used in this disclosure, NFE content in the range of approximately 130 g / Mcal to approximately 190 g / Mcal is 130 g / Mcal, 131 g / Mcal, 132 g / Mcal, 133 g / Mcal, 134 g / Mcal, 135 g / Mcal, 136 g / Mcal, 137 g / Mcal, 138 g / Mcal, 139 g / Mcal, 140 g / Mcal, 141 g / Mcal, 142g / Mcal, 143g / Mcal, 144g / Mcal, 145g / Mcal, 146g / Mcal, 147g / Mcal, 148g / Mcal, 149g / Mcal, 150 g / Mcal, 151g / Mcal, 152g / Mcal, 153g / Mcal, 154g / Mcal, 155g / Mcal, 156g / Mcal, 157g / Mcal, 158g / M cal, 159g / Mcal, 160g / Mcal, 161g / Mcal, 162g / Mcal, 163g / Mcal, 164g / Mcal, 165g / Mcal, 166g / Mcal , 167g / Mcal, 168g / Mcal, 169g / Mcal, 170g / Mcal, 171g / Mcal, 172g / Mcal, 173g / Mcal, 174g / Mcal, 17 This may include 5g / Mcal, 176g / Mcal, 177g / Mcal, 178g / Mcal, 179g / Mcal, 180g / Mcal, 181g / Mcal, 182g / Mcal, 183g / Mcal, 184g / Mcal, 185g / Mcal, 186g / Mcal, 187g / Mcal, 188g / Mcal, 189g / Mcal, and 190g / Mcal.

[0090] 5.3.4. Starch Digestible carbohydrates provide the body with an important energy source in the form of glucose, which is the primary energy form for tissues such as the brain and red blood cells. Digestible carbohydrates include complex carbohydrates such as starch (polysaccharides) and sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides). When carbohydrate supply is limited, glucose can also be synthesized from proteins and other compounds. Sufficient amounts of starch in the diet allow for the conservation of protein use.

[0091] The compositions of this disclosure needed to have the highest possible energy density, although fat was restricted, which is one reason why high levels of starch were targeted. Increasing the level of starch is preferred for this purpose, in contrast to other alternatives that consider the metabolizable energy level of carbohydrates such as starch compared to, for example, protein. From a nutritional standpoint, dietary carbohydrates such as starch can provide a highly digestible energy source and reserve protein. This means that when the body uses carbohydrates to provide the energy it needs, food protein is saved from being used for this purpose and can still be used to provide essential amino acids, build and repair body tissues and support a healthy immune system. In addition, increasing the amount of protein may have negatively affected palatability (since hydrolyzed proteins are known to be unpalatable).

[0092] The compositions of this disclosure contain starch in amounts of approximately 120 g / Mcal to approximately 180 g / Mcal, approximately 120 g / Mcal to approximately 160 g / Mcal, approximately 140 g / Mcal to approximately 180 g / Mcal, approximately 140 g / Mcal to approximately 160 g / Mcal, or approximately 130 to approximately 150 g / Mcal. In certain embodiments, the starch is derived from at least one rice source.

[0093] In certain embodiments, the food composition described comprises one starch source. In certain embodiments, one of the starch sources is rice. In certain embodiments, one of the starch sources is a rice source.

[0094] In certain embodiments, one source of starch is a combination of several rice sources. In certain embodiments, the starch source can be any type of rice. In certain embodiments, the rice is not whole rice.

[0095] In certain embodiments, the rice source may consist of rice, crushed rice grains, rice flour, whole grain rice, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the rice source may consist of broken rice grains, rice flour, or a combination thereof.

[0096] As defined herein, broken rice grains are intended to mean rice grains that are considered unsuitable for human food for any reason (such as appearance, color, or integrity). Broken rice grains may consist of particles with an average size of approximately 2 mm to 5 mm.

[0097] As defined herein, rice flour is intended to mean a fine powder that can be obtained by mechanical grinding and sieving of broken rice. Rice flour may have a composition having an average particle size of about 150 μm.

[0098] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the rice source may consist of rice flour in an amount of at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, or at least about 60% of the total weight of the rice source in the composition.

[0099] When used in this disclosure, the rice source is approximately 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 85%, 83%, 84%, The composition may include 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% rice flour.

[0100] According to some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure do not contain starches from sources other than rice, more specifically from tapioca, corn, barley, or wheat.

[0101] 5.3.5. Fat Where used in this disclosure, the expressions “fat,” “crude fat,” or “source of fat” are intended to refer to fats and / or oils permissible in any food. The fats in this disclosure may be in fluid and / or solid form, without particular limitation. The compositions in this disclosure may consist of fats of animal and / or plant origin. The fats may be supplied by any suitable source known to those skilled in the art. The fat content of the food compositions in this disclosure may be determined by any method known in the art.

[0102] In certain embodiments, the compositions according to the Disclosure may contain less than about 25 g / Mcal of fat, less than about 24 g / Mcal, less than about 22 g / Mcal, or less than about 20 g / Mcal of fat. In certain embodiments, the compositions according to the Disclosure may contain about 10 to about 24 g / Mcal of fat, about 15 to about 22 g / Mcal of fat, or about 18 to about 20 g / Mcal of fat.

[0103] When used in this disclosure, fat less than about 25 g / Mcal may be in a configuration that includes fat content of about 25 g / Mcal, about 24 g / Mcal, about 23 g / Mcal, about 22 g / Mcal, about 21 g / Mcal, about 20 g / Mcal, about 19 g / Mcal, about 18 g / Mcal, about 17 g / Mcal, about 16 g / Mcal, about 15 g / Mcal, about 14 g / Mcal, about 13 g / Mcal, about 12 g / Mcal, about 11 g / Mcal, or about 10 g / Mcal.

[0104] In certain embodiments, the fat source is selected from vegetable fats, animal fats, or mixtures thereof. Suitable vegetable fat sources for the purposes of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, wheat fat, soybean oil, sunflower, safflower, rapeseed, olive, borage, flaxseed, peanut, blackcurrant seeds, cottonseed, germ, corn germ, and oils derived from these and any combination thereof. Suitable animal fat sources for the purposes of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, meat, meat by-products, chicken fat, turkey fat, beef tallow, duck fat, pork fat, lamb fat, fish oil, krill oil, seafood, dairy products, eggs, and combinations thereof.

[0105] For example, the fat content may consist of sources including linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, omega-6 fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and mixtures thereof (EPA+DHA).

[0106] In certain embodiments, the composition according to this disclosure may contain approximately 0.2 g / Mcal to approximately 1 g / Mcal of EPA+DHA, approximately 0.3 g / Mcal to approximately 0.8 g / Mcal of EPA+DHA, approximately 0.4 g / Mcal to approximately 0.6 g / Mcal of EPA+DHA, or approximately 0.4 g / Mcal of EPA+DHA.

[0107] In one embodiment, the composition according to this disclosure may contain about 3 g / Mcal to about 8 g / Mcal of linoleic acid (LA), particularly about 4 g / Mcal to about 6 g / Mcal of LA, and more specifically about 4.5 g / Mcal.

[0108] 5.3.6. Ash content In some embodiments, the compositions according to this disclosure may contain ash content of about 5 g / Mcal to about 8 g / Mcal, about 6 g / Mcal to 7 g / Mcal, or about 6.2 g / Mcal.

[0109] Within the scope of this disclosure, ash is intended to refer to minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chloride, potassium, and magnesium.

[0110] 5.3.7. Other Ingredients The compositions according to this disclosure may further comprise one or more trace elements, particularly those selected from iron, copper, manganese, zinc, iodine, and selenium. The compositions according to this disclosure may further comprise one or more vitamins, particularly those selected from vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, ascorbic acid, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, biotin, vitamin B12, and choline.

[0111] In certain embodiments, the food composition according to this disclosure may further comprise an antioxidant source. As used in this disclosure, the expression “antioxidant” is intended to mean a substance that can react with and neutralize free radicals. Exemplary examples of such substances include, but are not limited to, carotenoids, including β-carotene, lycopene and lutein, selenium, coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone), tocotrienols, soy isoflavones, S-adenosylmethionine, glutathione, taurine, N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E, vitamin C, lipoic acid, and L-carnitine.

[0112] In certain embodiments, the composition may further comprise at least one fragrance, particularly a natural fragrance. In certain embodiments, the fragrance may be of protein origin.

[0113] According to certain embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure may further comprise one or more additional components selected from colorants, flavors, fillers, preservatives such as antioxidants including lutein or beta-carotene, vitamins such as choline, amino acids such as taurine, trace elements such as zinc, and minerals.

[0114] 5.4. Use and method for preparing low-fat, low-irritant dietary compositions The disclosure also relates to a method for producing a low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition for companion animals as defined above, comprising at least the step of mixing all the ingredients together.

[0115] Given the low fat content of the composition and the role of fat in canine palatability, the maximum amount of available fat should be applied externally to the product to maintain palatability. On the other hand, the application of low fat in the coating needs to be carefully controlled to ensure good homogeneity and appropriate palatability performance.

[0116] This disclosure further relates to low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food compositions obtained by the present disclosure or by the methods of the present disclosure for use as nutritional support for companion animals suffering from adverse food reactions. This disclosure also relates to low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food compositions obtained by the present disclosure or by the methods of the present disclosure for use as nutritional support for companion animals suffering from fat intolerance and / or fat anastomosis.

[0117] This disclosure further relates to a low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition obtained using the method of this disclosure for use as a nutritional supplement for companion animals suffering from hyperlipidemia.

[0118] The disclosure further relates to methods for reducing the clinical signs of fat intolerance and / or fat anastomosis in companion animals, the aforementioned methods comprising at least the step of providing companion animals with a low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food composition obtained by or by the methods of the disclosure.

[0119] The Disclosure further relates to a method for reducing the likelihood of fat intolerance and / or fat disintegration occurring in companion animals, the method comprising at least the step of providing a companion animal with a low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food composition obtained by or using the method of the Disclosure.

[0120] This also relates to a method for reducing the clinical signs of hyperlipidemia in companion animals, wherein the aforementioned method includes at least the step of providing a companion animal with a low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food composition obtained by or by the method of the present disclosure.

[0121] This also relates to a method for reducing the likelihood of hyperlipidemia occurring in companion animals, wherein the aforementioned method includes at least the step of providing a companion animal with a low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food composition obtained by or using the method herein.

[0122] This also relates to a method for reducing the clinical signs of adverse food reactions in companion animals, the aforementioned method comprising at least the step of providing a companion animal with a low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food composition obtained by or by the method of the present disclosure.

[0123] Finally, the Disclosure relates to a method for reducing the likelihood of adverse food reactions occurring in companion animals, the aforementioned method comprising at least the step of providing a companion animal with a low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition obtained by or using the method of the Disclosure.

[0124] This disclosure also relates to low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food compositions obtained by or using the methods described herein, for use in the prevention or treatment of fat intolerance and / or fat assimilation in companion animals.

[0125] This disclosure further relates to low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food compositions obtained by or using the methods described herein, for use in the prevention or treatment of hyperlipidemia in companion animals.

[0126] This disclosure ultimately relates to low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food compositions obtained by the methods of this disclosure or for use in the prevention or treatment of adverse food reactions in companion animals.

[0127] Where used in this disclosure, the term "treatment" includes the alleviation and / or elimination of symptoms associated with a particular disorder or condition. In the context of this disclosure, the term "prevention" means, for example, in this disclosure, a reduction to a lower degree of the risk or probability of occurrence of a given phenomenon, such as fat intolerance and / or fat anastomosis, hyperlipidemia, and / or adverse food reactions. [Examples]

[0128] 6. Examples Example 1: Preparation of the dry food composition of the present disclosure The dry food composition according to this disclosure was prepared according to the method described below.

[0129] As a non-limiting example, the compositions had the following formulas (g / Mcal and %) during feeding, as shown in Table 1.

[0130] [Table 1]

[0131] The ingredients were mixed in the proportions shown in the table above, with the dry ingredients mixed first, followed by the wet ingredients.

[0132] The composition was prepared using a conventional extrusion molding process.

[0133] 1. Administration: Mix the dried components to obtain a diet and provide line throughput. 2. Preconditioning: Moisture addition by water and steam injection and pre-cooking of the diet. Addition of the remaining liquid. The average holding time was approximately 3 minutes. Moisture was added to the diet at the outlet of the preconditioner and preheated (to a temperature of approximately 85-90°C), but it remained in powder form without showing any clumps, spherical shapes, or stickiness.

[0134] 3. Extrusion: The final step of cooking and shaping (cutting). Add the remaining amount of steam / water as needed. Final cooking with mechanical energy.

[0135] The final process parameters were set to limit the viscosity of the preconditioner and avoid blockage of the downspout between the preconditioner and the extruder. Water and steam were adjusted within the preconditioner to have good hydration uniformity but a lower food temperature.

[0136] The final cooking was carried out primarily within the extruder by mixing through the screw and plate opening regions. As a result, a higher specific mechanical energy (50-55 SME) was obtained for this formula compared to those obtained previously.

[0137] Example 2: Palatability Test - Comparison of the Food Composition of the Disclosure with a Commercially Available Low-Allergen Pet Food Composition The palatability of the compositions disclosed herein was determined using a two-bowl test. This test allows for the determination of the palatability of a food in relation to the food preferences of animals between two different foods.

[0138] A panel of 33 dogs was fed the food composition of the present disclosure, prepared as described in Example 1 (Product A), and the following commercially available food composition: Purina ProplanCanine Hypoallergenic (Registered Trademark) (Product B). All 33 dogs ate normally.

[0139] Products A and B were placed in separate bowls and presented to each animal simultaneously. The bowls were left with the animals for 20 minutes. The amount of food provided in each bowl was sufficient to meet the animals' daily calorie needs. The experiment was conducted twice a day. Fresh water was always available. The remaining food was collected and weighed to determine the amount of each food consumed by the animals. Each food was categorized together with the others as a function of its consumption.

[0140] Palatability was measured according to dietary selectivity, which consisted of the proportion of animals that preferred product A, the proportion of animals that preferred product B, and the proportion of animals that had no preference (no selection).

[0141] result The results of the two-bowl test, which evaluated palatability, are shown in Table 2 below.

[0142] [Table 2]

[0143] In conclusion, the food composition of this disclosure was accepted by the panel of dogs. In fact, the food composition of this disclosure was significantly preferred over other commercially available hypoallergenic dog food compositions.

[0144] In particular, contrary to the common knowledge of those skilled in the art, the compositions of this disclosure have been shown to be palatable and attractive to dogs, despite their small amount of fat as well as a large amount of hydrolyzed protein (it is well known that hydrolyzed protein is not attractive to dogs).

[0145] Example 3: Digestive Rate Study of the Food Composition of the Disclosure The purpose of this study was to analyze the digestibility of the food compositions of this disclosure by analyzing the feces of dogs after they were fed a diet containing these food compositions.

[0146] A panel of nine dogs was included in this study. Each dog was given a certain amount of the food composition prepared in Example 1.

[0147] To cover each animal's energy requirements, calculations are performed according to their weight and body score conditions.

[0148] All animals included in the study had their stool graded daily during the fecal collection phase thanks to a fecal scoring scale.

[0149] Based on their consistency, the stools were categorized into five types: very soft, soft, moderate, very hard, and hard.

[0150] The results are provided in Table 3 below (these percentages correspond to the number of dogs in each category compared to the total number of dogs in Table 3).

[0151] [Table 3]

[0152] In conclusion, the food composition of this disclosure has been shown to be well tolerable by administered dogs in terms of its digestibility.

[0153] Example 4 Clinical Study - Administration of the Food Composition of the Disclosure to Dogs Suffering from Gastrointestinal Disorders The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the food composition of this disclosure, as well as its perception by veterinarians and pet owners.

[0154] protocol The panel included 17 dogs, of which 15 completed the trial.

[0155] The selection criteria were as follows:

[0156] - A dog that has come to the veterinary clinic due to gastrointestinal problems (diarrhea ± vomiting).

[0157] - Age: 1-12 years old - Properly vaccinated, decomposed, and treated against external parasites (fleas, ticks, etc.).

[0158] - No current medication - Chronic intestinal disease: loose or liquid stools at least twice a week for at least two weeks, and the following signs: increased frequency of stools, increased volume of stools, vomiting in dogs with adaptation CCEAI (without albumin) >= 5, or recurrent intestinal disease: adult animals with loose stools, or increased frequency of stools, increased volume of stools, vomiting, and one or more additional signs of loose or liquid stools, having been consulted at least once in the past year (excluding GI disorders with known inappropriate element intake by the pet, stress, or co-existing conditions). Use adaptation CCEAI (without albumin) >= 5 for dogs.

[0159] - Approved animals were those that had previously been administered under one or more protocols (anti-inflammatory agents, antibiotics) and had not fully responded to treatment.

[0160] The exclusion or termination criteria were as follows: - Severe comorbidities.

[0161] - Refusal to eat, insufficient food consumption (<80% MER over 3 days), or need for tube feeding.

[0162] - Worsening of symptoms during the test.

[0163] - Use of prohibited drugs - Removal criteria: - Undesirable weight loss exceeding 15% in the first few months.

[0164] - treatment o Dietary treatment only during the trial (=only the test diet, no additional medication).

[0165] - Prohibited substances: o Short- and long-acting (injectable or oral) steroids, o Essential fatty acid supplements, prebiotics, and probiotics.

[0166] o Antibiotic treatment.

[0167] - Approval will be granted during the trial if the veterinarian deems it necessary: - Treatments that do not affect the GI duct: shampoos, ear washes, ear drops, etc. - Supportive care such as antiemetics and fluids - Worm Pharmaceuticals The dogs were fed the food composition of this disclosure only during the protocol, in amounts calculated according to each dog's weight and body score criteria to cover each animal's energy needs. The dogs' general health status was assessed by a veterinarian and pet owner at least the following times:

[0168] Inclusion visit on D0 (V0): Completion of full clinical examination by a veterinarian and GI questionnaire.

[0169] Monthly follow-up veterinary visit (V1): Follow-up / collection of owner input regarding food consumption, and veterinary clinical examination for symptom onset.

[0170] The last visit (V2) was more than two months ago, and the process was the same as a:V0+: collecting input from the owner and evaluating product effectiveness.

[0171] Furthermore, the effectiveness of the food composition diet was evaluated by the following veterinarian and pet owner during the follow-up veterinary visit (V1) and the final visit (V2).

[0172] Veterinarian-assessed criteria (V0, V1, and V2): - A physical examination including the dog's weight and BCS (Body Condition Score), as well as its hydration status (adequate if dehydrated <5%, slightly dehydrated if dehydrated 5-8%, and insufficient if dehydrated >8%).

[0173] - Assessment of signs of gastrointestinal discomfort (GI): presence or absence of diarrhea, vomiting, melina or bloody stools, fecal mucus, abdominal pain, tendons, abnormal behavior, or any other GI-related clinical signs.

[0174] - GI impairment assessment scale (fitted to validated scores such as the Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI)) Criteria evaluated by pet owners (at V0, day 7, V1, and V2): - Digestive symptoms score: appetite, vomiting / nausea, stool consistency, frequency of bowel movements, pain / discomfort.

[0175] - Quality of Life (QoL) indicator scoring: activity level, play / hunting, interaction with other pets / family, grooming, happiness.

[0176] For each item, the score was corrected from 0=normal to 3=severe, and the GI score and QoL score were established.

[0177] result Veterinary evaluation results Veterinarians used the CCECAI index to assess the clinical index activity score of each dog in V0, V1, and V2.

[0178] The results showed that after two months of treatment with the dietary composition of this disclosure, 83% of dogs showed a reduction of at least one point in their clinical index activity score.

[0179] Results of pet owner evaluations Improvement or disappearance of gastrointestinal disorder symptoms was reported in all dogs that completed the 2-month trial.

[0180] Global pet owners appeared unaware of the impact of chronic intestinal disease on their pets' quality of life. However, overall, a slight reduction in anxiety in dogs was reported after two months. Furthermore, over 80% of pet owners reported an improvement in quality of life after one month.

Claims

1. A low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition for companion animals, a) A protein comprising approximately 50 g / mcal to approximately 80 g / mcal, wherein the protein contains at least approximately 80% hydrolyzed protein, b) Starch in an amount of approximately 120 g / mcal to approximately 180 g / mcal, wherein the starch comes from at least one rice source, c) Total food fiber (TDF) of approximately 10g / mcal to approximately 30g / mcal, d) A food composition containing less than approximately 25 g / mcal of fat.

2. The low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one rice source comprises rice, rice flour, whole grains, or a combination thereof.

3. The low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one rice source contains at least about 30% rice flour.

4. The low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 1, wherein the protein comprises at least about 95% hydrolyzed protein.

5. The low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 1, wherein the hydrolyzed protein has a molecular weight in the range of about 1,000 Da to about 15,000 Da, particularly about 1,000 Da to about 11,000 Da, and particularly about 2,000 Da to about 5,000 Da.

6. The low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 1, wherein the hydrolyzed protein is derived from a single source of protein.

7. The low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 6, wherein the single source of protein is selected from plant sources of protein, particularly those selected from soybeans, tikhema, corn, rice, lentils, or barley.

8. The low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 6, wherein the single source of the protein is feather hydrolysate, particularly poultry feather hydrolysate.

9. The low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 1, wherein the fat source is selected from vegetable fat, animal fat, or a mixture thereof.

10. The low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 9, wherein the vegetable fat source is selected from wheat fat, soybean oil, sunflower, safflower, rapeseed, olive, borage, flaxseed, peanut, blackcurrant seed, cottonseed, germ, corn germ, and oils derived therefrom and any combination thereof.

11. The low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 9, wherein the animal fat source includes meat, chicken fat, turkey fat, beef tallow, quince fat, pork fat, lamb fat, and other meat by-products, fish oil, krill oil, seafood, dairy products, eggs, or combinations thereof.

12. The low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 1, wherein the food fiber (TDF) comprises lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, gum, beta-glucan, or a combination thereof.

13. The low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more additional components selected from colorants, flavorings, fillers, preservatives such as antioxidants containing lutein or beta-carotene, vitamins such as choline, amino acids such as taurine, trace elements such as zinc, and minerals.

14. The low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is a dry food composition, and more particularly in the form of kibble.

15. A method for producing a low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition for companion animals, wherein the low-fat, low-irritant, nutritionally complete food composition is a) A protein comprising approximately 50 g / mcal to approximately 80 g / mcal, wherein the protein contains at least approximately 80% hydrolyzed protein, b) Starch in an amount of approximately 120 g / mcal to approximately 180 g / mcal, wherein the starch comes from at least one rice source, c) Total food fiber (TDF) of approximately 10g / mcal to approximately 30g / mcal, d) Contains less than approximately 25g / mcal of fat, A manufacturing method comprising at least one step of mixing all the aforementioned components together.

16. The low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 1, wherein the low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food is for companion animals suffering from adverse food reactions.

17. The low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 1, wherein the low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food composition is intended for nutritional support of companion animals suffering from fat intolerance and / or liposomnia.

18. The low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food composition according to claim 1, wherein the low-fat, low-irritation, nutritionally complete food is for nutritional supplementation of companion animals suffering from hyperlipidemia.

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