A nuclear battery in a safety metal container device with a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure.

Abstract

A nuclear battery in a safety metal container device with a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure is provided, utilizing high-level radioactive waste or low-level radioactive waste including debris from a meltdown. [Solution] The nuclear battery of a safety metal container device using a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure has a thallium layer 2 and a lead layer 3 that shield against ionizing radiation arranged in parallel inside the metal container 1 having a cubic or rectangular flat surface, and a 45-degree bent perforated metal plate 20 on the surface of the cooled metal container 5, which is reinforced by providing the circulating water cooling layer 8 or forced air circulation air cooling layer 8 of the cooled metal container 5, to prevent distortion or deformation of the surface due to heat generated by the tandem CVD diamond cell module structure 10 and dissipate heat, thereby improving the utilization of power from perpetual conversion power generation and shielding against ionizing radiation.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to a nuclear battery with a safety metal container device equipped with a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure, in which radioactive waste generated by nuclear fission reactors or nuclear fusion reactors is enclosed in a cubic or rectangular safety metal container, and the ionizing radiation emitted from the radioactive material is converted into electricity using a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure. [Background technology]

[0002] High-level radioactive waste and low-level radioactive waste from nuclear fission reactors (Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), Boiling Water Reactors (BWR), Advanced Boiling Water Reactors (ABWR), Heavy Water Reactors (CANDU-PHW), Advanced Thermal Reactors (ATR), Gas-Cooled Reactors (GCR), Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactors (AGR), High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTGR), Fast Breeder Reactors (FBR)), next-generation reactors (Innovative Light Water Reactors, Small Modular Reactors, High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors, Fast Reactors), and floating reactors (Small Modular Reactors (SMR), Molten Salt Fast Reactors (MCFR)). The treatment and disposal of radioactive waste from fusion reactors (Tokamak, Helical, Mirror, Reversed Field Pinch, Inertial Confinement), the International Fusion Experimental Reactor (ITER), and the Chinese-developed CFETR reactor has not yet been determined. The electricity generated by the long-term conversion power generation of a nuclear battery (Utility Model Registration No. 3251105) in a safety metal container device using a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure converts ionizing radiation (alpha rays and beta rays) and electromagnetic waves (gamma rays and X-rays) emitted from radioactive materials in high-level radioactive waste or low-level radioactive waste, including debris from the meltdown of nuclear power plants (Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Daiichi Units 1 to 3), into electricity. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent application No. 2020-136026 [Patent Document 2] Patent application No. 2020-112115 [Patent Document 3] Patent Application No. 2020-077761 Utility Model Registration Document 1 Utility Model Registration No. 3251105 Utility Model Registration Document 2 Utility Model Registration No. 3251024 Utility Model Registration Document 3 Utility Model Registration No. 3245038 Utility Model Registration Document 4 Utility Model Registration No. 3245277 Utility Model Registration Document 5 Utility Model Registration No. 3243275 Utility Model Registration Document 6 Utility Model Registration No. 3242297 Utility Model Registration Document 7 Utility Model Registration No. 3239423 Utility Model Registration Document 8 Utility Model Registration No. 3238830 Utility Model Registration Document 9 Utility Model Registration No. 3238365 Utility Model Registration Document 10 Utility Model Registration No. 3238270 Utility Model Registration Document 11 Utility Model Registration No. 3233214 Utility Model Registration Document 12 Utility Model Registration No. 3225438 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] One published patent document on the effective use of radioactive waste is the use of electrical energy generated by the Seebeck effect in a thermoelectric conversion module, utilizing the waste heat generated by the decay heat of radioactive materials (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2018-72167). The thermoelectric conversion element "ferromagnetic insulating layer / metal layer" in nuclear batteries is less susceptible to degradation due to radiation exposure, allowing the use of radiation sources (heat sources) that emit radiation other than alpha rays (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-85774). A radiation-to-current conversion device capable of repeatedly converting radiation into current can operate effectively using external radiation sources such as radioactive waste. Another published patent document describes a radiation-to-current conversion device (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-279691) that is configured to allow the same radiation to be used multiple times for radiation-to-current conversion, resulting in a highly efficient means for utilizing radiation energy. The government's Basic Energy Plan, effective February 2025, calls for efforts to develop and install next-generation innovative reactors. Kansai Electric Power Co. and Kyushu Electric Power Co. are considering building new next-generation "innovative light water reactors," but the issue is that the treatment and disposal of radioactive waste has not yet been determined. Overseas, countries such as the United States, Canada, China, Russia, and Romania are rushing to commercialize small-scale nuclear power plants. In Japan, pluthermal reactors have been shut down, leaving over 440,000 tons of plutonium stored that has not been used for MOX fuel. The selection of a final disposal site for the high-level radioactive waste (nuclear waste) produced by nuclear power plants has not progressed, and the method for processing and disposing of low-level radioactive waste has not been determined. This invention utilizes a nuclear battery (Utility Model Registration No. 3251105) in a safety metal container device that uses a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure that utilizes the series-connected DC electromotive force generated by converting the ionizing radiation (alpha and beta rays) and electromagnetic waves (gamma and X-rays) emitted by radioactive materials in radioactive waste. However, there was a problem with distortion or deformation of the surface due to heat generated by the tandem CVD diamond cell module structure installed on the surface of the circulating water cooling layer or forced air cooling layer of a cubic or rectangular parallelepiped cooled metal container. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] In a nuclear battery of a safety metal container device equipped with a tandem-type CVD diamond cell module structure, radioactive waste is sealed in a safety metal container having a cubic or rectangular parallelepiped cooling metal container with a reinforced flat surface and the tandem-type CVD diamond cell module structure is provided, and the ionizing radiation emitted from the radioactive material is converted into electricity. A tandem CVD diamond cell module structure is installed on a flat surface, with a 45-degree bent perforated metal plate set in the circulating water cooling layer of the cooled metal container to maintain spacing and strengthen the cooling layer, preventing distortion or deformation of the surface due to heat generation and dissipating heat.Radioactive waste is sealed in a safety metal container, and the charged particle rays (alpha rays and beta rays) and electromagnetic waves (gamma rays and X-rays) of ionizing radiation emitted from radioactive materials are converted into DC electromotive force, which is connected in series.A nuclear battery for a safety metal container device with a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure, characterized by the use of electricity from long-term conversion power generation after storage and safekeeping of the metal container, burial, or geological disposal.

[0006] A tandem CVD diamond cell module structure installed on a flat surface that prevents distortion or deformation of the surface due to heat generation and strengthens the air-cooling layer by placing a 45-degree folded perforated metal plate in the forced air circulation air-cooling layer of the cooling metal container to maintain spacing. A safety feature that dissipates heat by preventing distortion or deformation of the surface due to heat generation. A safety feature that uses series-connected DC electromotive force converted from the charged particle rays (alpha rays and beta rays) and electromagnetic waves (gamma rays and X-rays) of ionizing radiation emitted from radioactive materials by sealing the radioactive waste in a safety metal container. A nuclear battery with a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure that uses electricity from long-term conversion power generation after storage and safekeeping of the metal container, burial or geological disposal. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] A nuclear battery with a safety metal container device equipped with a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure, which dissipates heat generated by a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure installed on a reinforced flat surface of a cubic or rectangular parallelepiped cooling metal container, and utilizes the power of long-term conversion power generation by connecting the DC electromotive force of the stable tandem CVD diamond cell module structure in series. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1]Reference side and cross-sectional views of a safety metal container device equipped with a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure, in which radioactive waste is sealed in a safety metal container 1 having a metal container 1 shaped like a cube or rectangular parallelepiped on its flat surface, with a thallium layer (TI) 2 and a lead layer (Pb) 3 arranged in parallel, and a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure 10 covered with a radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9 on the flat surface of the cooled metal container 5, in which a 45-degree bent perforated metal plate 20 is provided in the circulating water cooling layer 8 or forced air circulation cooling layer 8 of the cooled metal container 5 to maintain spacing and strengthen the circulating water cooling layer 8 or forced air circulation cooling layer 8. [Figure 2] The top cell layer is provided with a radiation-resistant insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 11 and a flexible graphite sheet electrode 12 on the incident surface of ionizing radiation. The np-type CVD diamond cell layers 13 and 14 are formed by junction of an arsenic (As)-doped n-type cell 13 and a gallium (Ga)-doped p-type cell 14. The bottom cell layer, which suppresses recombination due to heterojunction with an i-type CVD diamond thin film layer 15, is formed by junction of an np-type phosphorus (P)-doped n-type cell 16 and an indium (In)-doped p-type cell 17. Reference cross-sectional diagram of a safety metal container device with a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure, in which flexible graphite sheet electrodes 18 and radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin film layers 19 are provided on tandem CVD diamond cell layers 13-14-15-16-17 joined with CVD diamond cell layers 16-17, and a safety metal container 1 with a thallium layer (TI) 2 and a lead layer (Pb) 3 provided in parallel in a cooling metal container 5 with a circulating water cooling layer 8 or forced air cooling layer 8. [Figure 3]This is a reference cross-sectional view of a safety metal container device having a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure, in which a top cell layer has a radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 11 and a flexible graphite sheet electrode 12 on the ionizing radiation incident surface, a bottom cell layer has an np-type CVD diamond cell layer 13·14 consisting of an arsenic (As)-doped n-type cell 13 and a gallium (Ga)-doped p-type cell 14 junction, and a tandem CVD diamond cell layer 13·14·16·17 consisting of an np-type CVD diamond cell layer 16·17 junction consisting of a phosphorus (P)-doped n-type cell 16 and an indium (In)-doped p-type cell 17 junction, and a flexible graphite sheet electrode 18 and a radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 19 are provided on the tandem CVD diamond cell layer 13·14·16·17, and a lead-thallium (PbTl) alloy layer 4 is provided on the cooling metal container 5 of a circulating water cooling layer 8 or a forced air cooling layer 8. [Figure 4] A tandem CVD diamond cell module structure 10, covered on both sides with a radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9 on the incident surface of the ionizing radiation emitted from the radioactive materials in the radioactive waste, is installed on the plane of the circulating water cooling layer 8 or forced air circulation air cooling layer 8 of the cooling metal vessel 5.The heat generated by the tandem CVD diamond cell module structure 10 is dissipated through the reinforced plane, which is prevented from distortion or deformation of the circulating water cooling layer 8 or forced air circulation air cooling layer 8 by maintaining a gap with a 45° angle folded perforated metal plate 20, and a lead layer (Pb) 3 and a thallium layer (Ti) 2 are installed in parallel on the outside of the cooling metal vessel 5.Reference AA' partial cross-sectional view of a safety metal vessel 1. [Figure 5] A reference diagram of a 45° angle folded perforated metal plate 20 to be installed in a circulating water cooling layer 8 or a forced air circulation air cooling layer 8. [Figure 6] 10 is a reference diagram showing a folded metal plate 20 with holes 21 formed therein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The cooling metal container 5 has a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure 10, which is covered with a radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9 on the surface reinforced by a 45-degree angle folded perforated metal plate 20 in the circulating water cooling layer 8 or forced air circulation cooling layer 8 of the cubic or rectangular safety metal container 1. The cooling metal container 5 has a lead layer (Pb) 3 and a thallium layer (TI) 2 in parallel, or a lead-thallium alloy layer (PbTl) 4 in the safety metal container 1. Radioactive waste is sealed in the safety metal container 1, and electric power is utilized, which is obtained by converting the charged particle rays (alpha rays and beta rays) and electromagnetic waves (gamma rays and X-rays) of ionizing radiation emitted from radioactive materials into DC electromotive forces connected in series. In order to prevent distortion or deformation of the plane of the cooling metal container 5 due to heat generation in the tandem CVD diamond cell module structure, a 45° angled half-perforated metal plate 20 is provided to maintain spacing and strengthen the circulating water cooling layer 8 or forced air circulation air cooling layer 8, and a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure 10 covered with a radiation-resistant and insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9 is provided on the plane, thereby providing enhanced shielding from ionizing radiation in a nuclear battery with a safety metal container device.

[0010] The reference side and cross-sectional views are shown in Figure 1. This nuclear battery for a safety metal container device with a tandem-type CVD diamond cell module structure is constructed by enclosing radioactive waste in a safety metal container 1, which has a cubic or rectangular parallelepiped metal container 1 with a thallium layer (TI) 2 and a lead layer (Pb) 3 arranged in parallel to strengthen ionizing radiation shielding, a 45-degree angle bent metal plate 20 in the circulating water cooling layer 8 or forced air cooling layer 8 of the cooled metal container 5 to maintain spacing and strengthen the circulating water cooling layer 8, and a radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9 on the flat surface covered with a tandem-type CVD diamond cell module structure 10. The ionizing radiation charged particle rays (alpha rays and beta rays) and electromagnetic waves (gamma rays and X-rays) emitted from the radioactive material are converted into DC electromotive force connected in series, and this power is used for storage, preservation, burial, or long-term conversion power generation after the safety metal container 1 is stored, stored, or disposed of in a geological repository. A half-folded perforated metal plate 20 at an angle of 45 degrees is provided in the circulating water cooling layer 8 or the forced air circulation cooling layer 8 at the portion where the tandem CVD diamond cell module structure 10 is provided.

[0011] The cross-sectional view of Figure 2 shows a reference example. Radioactive waste is sealed in a metal container 1, and a top cell layer is provided with a radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 11 and a flexible graphite sheet electrode 12 on the incident surface of the ionizing radiation emitted from the radioactive material. The top cell layer is provided with an np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer 13 / 14 junctioned with an arsenic (As)-doped n-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 13 and a gallium (Ga)-doped p-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 14, and the bottom cell layer is provided with an i-type CVD diamond thin film layer 15 to suppress recombination due to a heterojunction. The bottom cell layer is provided with an np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer 13 / 14 junctioned with a phosphorus (P)-doped n-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 16 and an indium (In)-doped p-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 17. The present invention relates to a nuclear battery for a safety metal container device having a tandem-type CVD diamond cell module structure, which utilizes the electricity generated by the perpetual conversion power generation in the safety metal container 1 after storage, safekeeping, burial or geological disposal, and which includes a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer 13·14·15·16·17, a flexible graphite sheet electrode 18 and a radiation-resistant insulating CVD diamond thin-film layer 19, and dissipates heat generated by the tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer 11·12·13·14·15·16·17·18·19 through a circulating water cooling layer 8 or a forced air cooling layer 8 in a cooled metal container 5. The safety metal container 1 has a lead (Pb) layer 3 and a thallium (Ti) layer 2 provided in parallel to enhance ionizing radiation shielding.

[0012] The cross section of Figure 3 shows a reference example. Radioactive waste is sealed in a metal container 1, and a top cell layer is provided with a radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 11 and a flexible graphite sheet electrode 12 on the incident surface of the ionizing radiation emitted from the radioactive material. The bottom cell layer is provided with np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layers 13-14, each consisting of an arsenic (As)-doped n-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 13 and a gallium (Ga)-doped p-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 14. The bottom cell layer is provided with a tandem CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer 16-17, each consisting of an np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 16 and an indium (In)-doped p-type semiconductor thin film layer 17. A nuclear battery in a safety metal container device with a tandem-type CVD diamond cell module structure that utilizes the electricity generated by the perpetual conversion power generation in the safety metal container 1 after storage, safekeeping, burial, or geological disposal, in which heat generated in the tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layers 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, which include diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layers 13, 14, 16, 17, flexible graphite sheet electrodes 18, and radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin-film layers 19, is dissipated by a circulating water cooling layer 8 or a forced air cooling layer 8 in a cooling metal container 5, and the safety metal container 1 has a lead-thallium alloy (PbTl) layer 4 for enhanced ionizing radiation shielding.

[0013] A module structure in which the DC electromotive forces of tandem CVD diamond cells in a cubic or rectangular parallelepiped safety metal container 1 shown in Figure 2 or Figure 3 are connected in series, or a group of tandem CVD diamond cells is divided into several sections and bypass diamond diodes are provided to connect the DC electromotive forces in series, utilizing the power generated by the secular conversion power generation of the safety metal container 1, and flexible graphite sheet electrode 12 (alpha ray / beta ray) transmission openings or flexible graphite sheet electrode 18 (thermal conductivity) heat dissipation openings are provided, is described in Utility Model Registration No. 3251105, and evaluation 6 of the Utility Model Technical Evaluation Report based on the provisions of Article 12 of the Utility Model Act is described, and details are omitted.

[0014] This is shown in the partial cross section of Reference AA' in Figure 4. A tandem CVD diamond cell module structure 10 covered with a radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9 is installed in a cooled metal vessel 5 on the surface where the charged particle rays (alpha rays and beta rays) and electromagnetic waves (gamma rays and X-rays) of ionizing radiation emitted from radioactive materials are incident, and heat generated by the tandem CVD diamond cell module structure 10 is dissipated in a circulating water cooling layer 8 or a forced air cooling layer 9. A nuclear battery of a safety metal container device with a tandem type CVD diamond cell module structure that dissipates heat generated by a tandem type CVD diamond cell module structure 10 provided in a cubic or rectangular parallelepiped circulating water cooling layer 8 or a forced air circulation cooling layer 8, in which a 45-degree folded perforated metal plate 20 is provided in the circulating water cooling layer 8 or the forced air circulation cooling layer 8 to maintain spacing and prevent distortion or deformation of the plane, and that utilizes electricity for long-term conversion power generation after storage, safekeeping, burial or geological disposal of a safety metal container 1 having a lead layer (Pb) 3 and a thallium layer (TI) 2 provided in parallel in a cooling metal container 5.

[0015] As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the 45° angled half-folded perforated metal plate 20 with holes 21 is a structure that strengthens the plane of the circulating water cooling layer 8 or the forced air circulation cooling layer 8 of the cubic or rectangular parallelepiped cooling metal vessel 5, prevents distortion or deformation due to heat generation, and dissipates heat.

[0016] The decay series of radioactive nuclides that exist in nature are the "thorium series," "uranium series," "actinium series," and plutonium 241 ( 241 Radioactive materials in the four decay chains of radionuclides are classified into four groups: the neptunium group, which is a series of artificial radioactive element decay chains starting with Pu. Utilization of DC electromotive force converted from ionizing radiation emitted from radioactive materials in the four decay chains of radioactive nuclides, connected in series for secular conversion power generation. Or high-level radioactive waste or low-level radioactive waste, including debris from the meltdown of nuclear fission reactors. Utilization of DC electromotive force converted from ionizing radiation emitted from radioactive materials in radioactive waste from nuclear fusion reactors (Tokamak, helical, mirror, reversed field pinch, inertial confinement), the ITER experimental fusion reactor, or the CFETR prototype fusion reactor. [Explanation of symbols]

[0017] 1. Metal container or safety metal container 1-1 Metal container lid 2 Thallium layer (TI) 3 Lead layer (Pb) 4. Lead-thallium alloy layer (PbTI) 5 Cooling metal container 6 Cooling water inlet or air intake 7 Circulating water outlet or forced air circulation outlet 8 Circulating water cooling layer 8 Forced air circulation cooling layer 9 Radiation-resistant and insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 10 Tandem CVD diamond cell module structure 11 Radiation-resistant and insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 12 Flexible graphite sheet electrode (transmittance port) 13 Arsenic (As) doped n-type CVD diamond cell 14 Gallium (Ga) doped p-type CVD diamond cell 15 i-type CVD diamond thin film layer 16 Phosphorus (P) doped n-type CVD diamond cell 17 Indium (In) doped p-type CVD diamond cell 18 Flexible graphite sheet electrode (heat dissipation port) 19 Radiation-resistant and insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 20 ∠45° folded perforated metal plate 21 holes

Claims

1. In a nuclear battery of a safety metal container device equipped with a tandem-type CVD diamond cell module structure, radioactive waste is sealed in a safety metal container having a cubic or rectangular parallelepiped cooling metal container with a reinforced flat surface and the tandem-type CVD diamond cell module structure is provided, and the ionizing radiation emitted from the radioactive material is converted into electricity. A nuclear battery for a safety metal container device with a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure, characterized by the fact that radioactive waste is sealed in a safety metal container that prevents distortion or deformation of the surface due to heat generation and dissipates heat, with a 45-degree angled, half-perforated metal plate set in the circulating water cooling layer of the cooled metal container to maintain spacing and strengthen the cooling layer, and utilizes power generated by long-term conversion after storage and safekeeping of the safety metal container, burial or geological disposal, by converting the charged particle rays (alpha rays and beta rays) and electromagnetic waves (gamma rays and X-rays) of ionizing radiation emitted from radioactive materials into DC electromotive force connected in series.

2. A nuclear battery of a safety metal container device equipped with a tandem-type CVD diamond cell module structure as described in claim 1, in which radioactive waste is sealed in a safety metal container that prevents distortion or deformation of the surface due to heat generation and dissipates heat, and which has a tandem-type CVD diamond cell module structure installed on a plane that has a 45-degree bent perforated metal plate installed in the forced air circulation air-cooling layer of the cooling metal container to maintain a gap and strengthen the air-cooling layer, and which utilizes power generated by converting the charged particle rays ``alpha rays and beta rays'' and electromagnetic waves ``gamma rays and X-rays'' of ionizing radiation emitted from radioactive materials into direct current electromotive forces connected in series.

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