Jig, truss unit jig set, and roof section forming method

Abstract

The object of the present invention is to provide a truss and truss unit capable of improving construction efficiency at a construction site, a jig for transporting the truss unit, and a truss unit jig set combining the truss unit and the jig. [Solution] A truss consisting of an upper chord member, a lower chord member, and multiple truss bundle members that are spanned between the upper chord member and the lower chord member, the upper chord member having a fixing portion where it is fixed to another truss via a single fixing member. Also, a truss unit in which multiple trusses are fixed via the fixing member, a jig for forming and transporting the truss unit, and a truss unit jig set combining the truss unit and the jig are provided.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a truss, a truss unit, a jig, and a truss unit jig set. [Background technology]

[0002] In buildings with gable roofs, a method has been adopted to easily construct roof trusses by hoisting prefabricated trusses on site using a crane and installing them on the eaves beams, then joining the trusses to the roof.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 listed below describes that the roof portion installed on top of the main body of a building is composed of multiple truss frames, and that reinforcing members for reinforcing this roof portion are installed on the roof frame and the building structure. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2013-133642 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] By using the truss described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to improve construction efficiency at a construction site. However, even when such a truss is used, the truss must be lifted one by one onto the roof with a crane, and then each truss must be connected to the building body and reinforcing members on the roof, which means that work on the roof takes time, and there has been a demand for further improvements in work efficiency.

[0006] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a truss and truss unit that can improve work efficiency at construction sites, a jig for transporting the truss unit, and a truss unit jig set that combines the truss unit and the jig. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] As a result of intensive research into solving the above problems, the inventors discovered that the problem could be solved by providing fixing points on a truss and fixing a plurality of trusses at these fixing points to form a truss unit, and thus arrived at the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows. [1] A truss consisting of an upper chord, a lower chord, and a number of truss bundle members spanning between the upper chord and the lower chord, wherein the upper chord has a fixing point at which it is fixed to another truss via a single fixing member. [2] A truss as described in [1], wherein the fixing material is a purlin and the fixing point is a notch that supports the purlin. [3] The truss described in [1] or [2], wherein the truss is gable-shaped with a pair of upper chords arranged diagonally and symmetrically. [4] The truss described in [1], wherein the fixing material is a fixing jig. [5] The truss described in [4], wherein the upper chord member is trapezoidal in shape consisting of a flat portion provided at the top and a hypotenuse portion connected to the flat portion, and the fixing point is provided on the hypotenuse portion. [6] The truss is a truss described in any one of [1] to [5] that constitutes a roof structure of a building. [7] A truss unit comprising three or more trusses described in any one of [1] to [6], wherein the three or more trusses are fixed at the fixing points via the fixing material. [8] The truss unit described in [7], further comprising a fascia provided at both ends of the upper chord, wherein the three or more trusses are fixed. [9] A jig for forming and transporting a truss unit as described in [7] or [8], comprising a bottom portion and a plurality of pairs of opposing wall surfaces erected from the bottom portion, with a stepped portion between adjacent pairs of wall surfaces.

[10] A truss unit jig set comprising: a base, a plurality of pairs of opposing walls erected from the base, and a stepped portion between the adjacent pairs of walls; a plurality of first truss units comprising two or more trusses as described in any one of [1] to [6], to which the two or more trusses are fixed by fascias provided at both ends of the upper chord members of the two or more trusses; and a second truss unit comprising two or more trusses as described in any one of [1] to [6], to which the fixing points of the upper chord members of the two or more trusses are fixed via fixing materials and to which the two or more trusses are fixed by fascias provided at both ends of the upper chord members. The lower chord members of the first truss units are installed from the bottom side of the stepped portion of the jig, and after the first truss units are installed, the second truss unit is installed. Effect of the Invention

[0008] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a truss and truss unit that can improve work efficiency at construction sites, a jig for transporting the truss unit, and a truss unit jig set that combines the truss unit and the jig. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a building in which the truss of the present invention is used. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a front view showing the truss of the present embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 13 is a front view showing a truss according to another embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 13 is a front view showing a truss according to still another embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a truss unit formed by integrating trusses of the present embodiment. [Figure 6]FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a truss unit formed by integrating trusses according to another embodiment. [Figure 7] 1 is a side view showing a state in which a truss unit is placed on a jig of the present embodiment. FIG. [Figure 8] 1 is a front view showing a state in which a truss unit is placed on a jig of the present embodiment. FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a side view of the truss unit jig set of the present embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 2 is a front view of the truss unit jig set of the present embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 13 is a side view showing a state in which a truss unit is placed on a truss unit jig set according to another embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the state in which the truss unit of the present invention is placed on the main body of a building. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0010] Hereinafter, a truss, a truss unit, a jig, and a truss unit jig set of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0011] [Buildings] First, a building in which the truss of the present invention is used will be described. Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a building in which the truss of the present invention is used. In the building 10 shown in Fig. 1, eaves beams 5 are placed in each row on columns 4, 4, ... arranged side by side in two rows in the girder direction, and beam members 6 are arranged at the positions of the columns 4, 4 at both ends in the girder direction to connect the eaves beams 5, 5 in the beam-to-beam direction. This forms the framework of the building main body 7. Then, the framework of the roof 8 is formed by placing truss units made of the truss of the present invention, which will be described later, on the eaves beams 5.

[0012] [truss] Next, the truss of the present invention will be described. Fig. 2 is a front view showing the truss of this embodiment. The truss 30 of this embodiment has a shape of a substantially isosceles triangle when viewed from the front. The truss 30 is composed of a lower chord 34 arranged at the base of the isosceles triangle, a pair of upper chords 32 arranged at the hypotenuse of the isosceles triangle, and a truss beam 36 arranged between the lower chord 34 and the upper chord 32. The upper chord 32, the lower chord 34, and the truss beam 36 are joined at their respective joint nodes via fastening hardware 38 such as gang nails, thereby forming a strong truss structure.

[0013] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the joint nodes between the upper chord members 32, which form the vertices of an isosceles triangle, have fixing points for fixing multiple trusses 30 via a ridge pole 40 (see FIG. 5). In the truss shown in FIG. 2, the ridge pole corresponds to the fixing member. In FIG. 2, the fixing point is a cut-out portion 42 that supports the ridge pole 40. The shape of the cut-out portion 42 is not particularly limited as long as the ridge pole 40 can be inserted into it. By inserting the ridge pole 40 into the cut-out portion 42 and fixing it via the ridge pole 40, a truss unit 100, which will be described later, can be formed. The fixing points are not limited to the notches 42. They may have other shapes as long as they can fix the ridge pole, and may be points on which a symbol or the like is printed as a marker for the position to fix the ridge pole, or may be points on which a marker or the like is written as a marker for the position to fix the ridge pole. Also, the pair of upper chords 32 may be configured as a single member that does not have a joint node.

[0014] (Another embodiment of the truss) Figures 3 and 4 are diagrams for explaining other embodiments of the truss. In Figure 2, a truss having an isosceles triangle shape has been described, but it can also be a trapezoid as shown in Figure 3, or a shape in which one of the upper chord members forming the hypotenuse of the triangle is extended as shown in Figure 4. The shape of the truss is not limited to these, and trusses of various shapes can be used as long as they have fixing points and multiple trusses can be fixed with fixing members.

[0015] For example, a trapezoidal truss 50 as shown in Fig. 3 has an upper chord 52 consisting of a flat portion 52a provided at the top and oblique portions 52b, 52c provided adjacent to the flat portion 52a. The flat portion 52a is disposed at the upper base of the trapezoid, and the oblique portions 52b, 52c are disposed at the legs of the trapezoid. The truss 50 further has a lower chord 54 disposed at the lower base of the trapezoid, and a truss beam 56 disposed between the upper chord 52 and the lower chord 54. In the truss shown in Figure 3, fixing points 62 are provided on the hypotenuse portions 52b and 52c, and by fixing this fixing point 62 to another truss via a single fixing jig, the same effect as the truss shown in Figure 2 can be achieved.

[0016] Fixing point 62 may be configured in any way as long as the truss can be fixed with the fixing jig; for example, it may be a point on which a symbol or the like is printed to mark the position for fixing the fixing jig, or a point on which a symbol or the like is written to mark the position for fixing the ridge beam.

[0017] Also, as shown in Fig. 4, the end of one of the upper chords constituting the hypotenuse of the triangle can be extended. The truss 70 shown in Fig. 4 also consists of a lower chord 74 arranged at the base of the triangle, upper chords 72a, 72b arranged at the hypotenuse of the triangle, and a truss beam 76 arranged between the lower chord 74 and the upper chords 72a, 72b. One upper chord 72b is formed by extending from the position where it joins with the other upper chord 72a.

[0018] In the truss 70 shown in Figure 4, a fixing point 82 is provided at the upper end of the upper chord member 72b, and by fixing this fixing point 82 to other truss 70 via a fixing material, the same effect can be achieved as with the truss shown in Figure 2.

[0019] Fixing point 82 may be configured in any way as long as the truss can be fixed with a fixing material; for example, it may be a cut-out, a point with a symbol or the like printed on it to indicate the position where the fixing material is to be fixed, or a point with a mark or the like written on it to indicate the position where the ridge beam is to be fixed.

[0020] [Truss unit] FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a truss unit of the present invention, which is a truss unit formed by integrating three trusses. As shown in FIG. 5, a truss unit 100 is formed by fitting one ridge beam 40 into a notch 42 provided in each of three trusses 30 and fixing them via this ridge beam 40. In addition to the ridgepole 40, it is preferable that both ends of the upper chord 32 of each truss 30 of the truss unit 100 are fixed to the fascia board 102. By fixing to the fascia board 102, the fixing of each truss 30 of the truss unit 100 can be made even more stable.

[0021] In this way, by integrating a plurality of trusses 30 into a truss unit 100, the truss unit 100 can be raised onto the roof by a crane. Then, since it is only necessary to join the truss units 100 together on the roof, the work on the roof can be simplified. Conventionally, the trusses were raised onto the roof one by one by a crane and joined on the roof, which took time. According to this embodiment, by fixing a plurality of trusses 30 as the truss unit 100 before raising it onto the roof, it is only necessary to join the truss units 100 together and to the building body on the roof. Furthermore, when each truss unit 100 is placed on the roof, the ridge beams 40 of adjacent truss units 100 are connected to each other to form the roof section 8 (see FIG. 1). By connecting the ridge beams 40 to each other, the strength of the roof section 8 can be improved.

[0022] According to the truss and truss unit of this embodiment, by combining multiple trusses into a truss unit at a factory or construction site, etc. before lifting the trusses onto the roof by crane, assembly work on the roof can be reduced, thereby improving construction efficiency.

[0023] FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a truss unit in which trusses of another embodiment are integrated, and is a truss unit in which the trapezoidal truss 50 shown in FIG. 3 is integrated. When the trapezoidal truss shown in Fig. 3 is used in a roof structure, the resulting roof is formed so that it becomes higher toward the center of the roof. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 6(a), in a truss unit 150 consisting of trapezoidal trusses 50, the oblique sides 52b, 52c of the upper chord 52 of the truss 50 are configured at the same angle to the lower chord 54, but the flat parts 52a of the upper chord 52 are different heights, and the truss unit 150 is formed so that each truss 50 becomes gradually higher.

[0024] In the trapezoidal truss 50, the trusses 50 can be fixed at the fixing points 62 provided on the oblique sides 52b, 52c by a fixing jig 160 shown in Fig. 6(b) to form a truss unit 150 by integrating the trusses 50. The fixing jig 160 has a cutout 162, and the fixing points 62 of each truss 50 fit into this cutout 162 to fix the trusses 50. Note that, in the truss unit 150 shown in Fig. 6, it is preferable that the ends of the oblique sides 52b, 52c opposite the flat part 52a are fixed by the fascia 102.

[0025] In the case of the truss unit 150 as well, the work on the roof can be simplified by integrating each truss 50 into the truss unit 150 and lifting it onto the roof with a crane. Note that the fixing jig 160 for the truss unit 150 shown in Fig. 6 is for fixing the truss unit 150 and is removed after it is lifted onto the roof.

[0026] [Jig and truss unit jig set] Next, a jig for transporting a truss unit and a truss unit jig set in which a truss unit is placed on the jig will be described. Fig. 7 is a side view showing a state in which a truss unit is placed on the jig of this embodiment, and Fig. 8 is a front view thereof. Fig. 9 is a side view of the truss unit jig set in which a truss unit is placed on the jig, and Fig. 10 is a front view thereof. The jig 200 of this embodiment includes a bottom 210 and a plurality of pairs of wall surfaces 212a, 212b, 212c, 212d, and 212e that are erected from the bottom 210 and face each other. Step-like difference portions 214a, 214b, and 214c are provided between adjacent wall surfaces 212a and 212b, between wall surfaces 212b and 212c, and between wall surfaces 212c and 212d. A gap portion 216 is provided between wall surfaces 212d and 212e. The number of truss units 100 placed on the jig 200 is determined by the number of the difference portions 214a, 214b, and 214c and the number of the gap portions 216. The number of truss units 100 that constitute the truss unit 100 is determined by the number of the difference portions 214a, 214b, and 214c and the number of the gap portions 216.

[0027] 7 and 8 has three steps 214a, 214b, and 214c and one gap 216, and the steps 214a, 214b, and 214c are arranged in a four-step staircase shape. In other words, the jig shown in Figs. 7 and 8 has a structure capable of installing one truss unit having four trusses fixed thereto, and three truss units having three trusses fixed thereto.

[0028] 9 is composed of the above-mentioned jig 200, a first truss unit 100a in which four of the above-mentioned trusses 30 are fixed at the ends of the upper chord members 32 with the fascia board 102, two units of first truss units 100b and 100c in which three of the above-mentioned trusses 30 are fixed at the ends of the upper chord members 32 with the fascia board 102, and a second truss unit 100d in which three of the above-mentioned trusses 30 are fixed at the notches (fixing points) 42 with the ridge beam 40 interposed therebetween and the ends of the upper chord members 32 are fixed with the fascia board 102. The truss unit jig set 300 is formed by sequentially placing these on the jig 200.

[0029] When the first truss unit 100a, 100b, 100c, and the second truss unit 100d are installed on the jig 200, the first truss unit 100a is placed on the bottom 210 where the step parts 214a, 214b, 214c, and the gap part 216 are provided, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. The first truss unit 100a is composed of four trusses 30, so it is placed on the step parts 214a, 214b, 214c, and the gap part 216. Furthermore, the first truss unit 100b is placed on the first step from below the step parts 214a, 214b, and 214c. Since the first truss unit 100a is not fixed by a ridgepole, the next first truss unit 100b can be placed on the top of the first truss unit 100a placed on the jig 200. Similarly, the first truss unit 100c is placed on the second tier from the bottom of the stepped portions 214a, 214b, and 214c. Finally, the second truss unit 100d is placed on the third tier. Since the third tier of the stepped portions 214a, 214b, and 214c is the top tier of the jig 200, no further stacking is performed on the truss unit placed on the third tier, so the top tier of stacked truss units can be the second truss unit 100c fixed with the ridge pole 40 interposed. By placing the truss unit placed on the top tier of the stepped portions 214a, 214b, and 214c as the second truss unit 100d fixed with the ridge pole 40 interposed, the number of fixing points increases, so the truss unit jig set 300 can be stabilized. By stabilizing the truss unit jig set 300, the truss unit jig set 300 manufactured in a factory can be easily transported.

[0030] In addition, in Figs. 7 and 8, the first truss unit 100a, 100b, 100c, and the second truss unit 100d are placed on the jig 200 in a state where they are fixed by the fascia 102, but the fixing by the fascia 102 may be performed on the jig 200. For example, in a factory, the truss 30 described in Fig. 2 is installed on the bottom 210 of the step parts 214a, 214b, and 214c and in the gap part 216. Then, both ends of the upper chord of each truss 30 are fixed by joining them with the fascia 102. By fixing each truss 30 in a state where the truss 30 is placed on the jig 200, it is possible to easily fix multiple trusses 30, and it is easy to manufacture the truss unit 100 (100a). Similarly, by placing a truss 30 on the next step of each step portion 214a, 214b, 214c and joining them with the fascia 102, multiple trusses 30 can be easily fixed, and the truss unit 100 (100b, 100c, 100d) can be easily manufactured.

[0031] Fig. 9 is a side view of the truss unit jig set, and Fig. 10 is a front view thereof. As shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, by stacking the first truss units 100a, 100b, 100c, and the second truss unit 100d on the jig 200 using the jig 200, the truss units can be stacked and transported even when the truss unit 100 is made up of a plurality of trusses 30, so that the truss units can be efficiently transported to the construction site using a truck or the like.

[0032] Furthermore, at the construction site, the second truss unit 100d of the truss unit jig set 300 transported to the construction site can be raised directly to the roof by a crane. Since the first truss units 100a, 100b, and 100c can be fixed to the ridge pole 40 while still placed on the jig 200, the ridge pole 40 can be easily fixed, and the truss unit 100 fixed to the ridge pole 40 can be raised directly to the roof by a crane.

[0033] Conventionally, each truss was stacked one by one and transported to the construction site by truck, but when a truss unit is made, it becomes difficult to stack and transport them. Therefore, by using the jig of the present invention, multiple truss units can be placed on the jig and transported together, so that truss units can be manufactured in the factory and transported easily.

[0034] FIG. 11 is a side view showing a state in which a truss unit is placed on a truss unit jig set according to another embodiment. The truss unit jig set in FIG. 11 differs from the jig 200 shown in FIG. 7 in that the jig 400 has three steps 414a, 414b, and 414c and has no gaps. The jig 400 shown in FIG. 11 has a structure in which a total of four units can be installed: a first truss unit 450a, 450b, 450c formed from three trusses 30, and a second truss unit 450d also consisting of three trusses 30. In this way, by changing the number of step portions or the number of gap portions, it is possible to change the number of trusses 30 constituting the truss unit 100. In addition, since the jig 400 shown in Fig. 11 has three steps in the step portion, a truss unit can be placed on each step of the bottom 410 and the step portions 414a, 414b, and 414c, so that four truss units can be placed on it, but by increasing the number of steps in the step portions 414a, 414b, and 414c, it is possible to increase the number of truss units that can be placed on the jig 400. In this way, the number of trusses constituting the truss unit can be changed as appropriate depending on the size of the roof of the building to be constructed, and for example, a truss unit consisting of two trusses can be combined with a truss unit consisting of three, four, five or more trusses. Also, a jig can be manufactured to make the truss unit 100 easy to transport.

[0035] Fig. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing the state in which the truss unit of the present invention is placed on the building body. The truss unit jig set 300 shown in Figs. 9 and 10 has the second truss unit 100d installed on the top stage, so first, the second truss unit 100d is placed on the eaves beam 5 of the building body 7 by a crane. After that, the first truss unit 100c is fixed to the ridgepole 40, and the first truss unit 100c is placed on the eaves beam 5 of the building main body 7 by a crane. This is repeated, and the first truss units 100b and 100a fixed to the ridgepole 40 are placed on the eaves beam 5 of the building main body 7. Then, these truss units 100a, 100b, 100c, and 100d are joined together to form the roof 8. In FIG. 12, 13 trusses 30 are used, but in the past, the 13 trusses were raised one by one onto the roof and joined together. According to this embodiment, it is only necessary to raise four truss units onto the roof, and since three or four trusses are already fixed, the roof can be stabilized on the roof, and the truss units can be easily joined together. Therefore, the work efficiency can be improved. [Industrial Applicability]

[0036] According to the present invention, a truss unit can be formed by combining a plurality of trusses in a factory or at a construction site, and work on the roof can be reduced, thereby enabling efficient construction of buildings. [Explanation of symbols]

[0037] 4 Pillars 5 eaves girder 6 Beam material 7. Main building 8 Roof 10 Buildings 30, 50, 70 truss 32, 52, 72a, 72b Upper chord 34, 54, 74 Lower chord 36, 56, 76 Truss beams 38 Fastening hardware 40 Ridgepole 42 Notch 52a Flat area 52b, 52c hypotenuse 62 82 Fixing point 100, 150 truss unit 100a, 100b, 100c, 450a, 450b, 450c First truss unit 100d, 450d 2nd truss unit 102 Fascia 160 Fixing jig 162 Cutout 200, 400 Jig 210 Bottom 212a, 212b, 212c, 212d, 212e, 412a, 412b, 412c, 412d Wall 214a, 214b, 214c, 414a, 414b, 414c Step 216 Gap 300 Truss unit jig set

Claims

1. A jig for forming and transporting a truss unit including two or more trusses each consisting of an upper chord member, a lower chord member, and a plurality of truss bundle members that are spanned between the upper chord member and the lower chord member, each of the trusses being fixed to the upper chord member via a fascia board or a purlin and a fascia board, A bottom portion and a plurality of pairs of wall surfaces standing upright from the bottom portion and facing each other, The jig has a stepped portion between adjacent pairs of wall surfaces.

2. A jig including a bottom portion and a plurality of pairs of wall surfaces that are erected from the bottom portion and face each other, and a step-like step portion is provided between adjacent pairs of wall surfaces; A plurality of first truss units each including two or more trusses each including an upper chord member, a lower chord member, and a plurality of truss bundle members disposed between the upper chord member and the lower chord member, the two or more trusses being fixed by fascias provided at both ends of the upper chord members of the two or more trusses; a second truss unit comprising two or more trusses each consisting of an upper chord member, a lower chord member, and a plurality of truss beams spanned between the upper chord member and the lower chord member, the upper chord members of the two or more trusses being fixed with a ridgepole interposed therebetween, and the two or more trusses being fixed with fascias provided at both ends of the upper chord member; A truss unit jig set in which the lower chord of the first truss unit is installed from the bottom side of the stepped portion of the jig, and after the first truss unit is installed, the second truss unit is installed.

3. 3. The truss unit jig set according to claim 2, wherein the truss is gable-shaped with a pair of upper chord members arranged diagonally and symmetrically.

4. The truss unit jig set according to claim 2 , wherein the truss constitutes a roof structure of a building.

5. A method for forming a roof portion using the truss unit jig set according to claim 2, comprising the steps of: The second truss unit is placed on a building body; Each of the plurality of first truss units is fixed to a purlin, and the first truss units fixed to the purlin are placed on the building main body; A method for forming a roof portion, comprising joining the second truss unit and a plurality of the first truss units arranged on the building main body portion to form a roof portion.

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