Systems and methods for powering devices with a magnetic tube generator

Abstract

Described herein are systems using motion to generate electrical power to power external components. The disclosure also includes potential uses of said devices. An electrical energy generation system may include (A) a first tube generator comprising: (i) a housing, (ii) a permanent magnet positioned within the housing, (iii) a first and second damper positioned at the first and second end of the housing, and (iv) an electrically-conductive material that is coupled to the housing and extends along at least some of the travel length; (B) an energy storage unit electrically-coupled to the electrically-conductive material; and (C) a wireless communication unit electrically-coupled to the energy storage device, wherein the wireless communication unit is configured to one or both of transmit first data to a device that is external to the electrical energy generation system or receive second data from the device that is external to the electrical energy generation system.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR POWERING DEVICES WITH A MAGNETIC TUBEGENERATORCROSS-REFERENCE[1] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 508,210, filed June 14, 2023, which application is incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND[2] Many devices use electrical power to implement their various capabilities. In addition, many devices may be enhanced though integrating components that require electrical power. The ability to generate electric energy in a way that may take advantage of movement may be useful for these devices.SUMMARY[3] In one aspect, an electrical energy generation system comprises: (A) a first tube generator comprising: (i) a housing having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end and the second end are positioned along a first axis of the housing, and wherein the first end and the second end are separated by a travel length, (ii) a permanent magnet positioned within the housing, wherein the permanent magnet is reciprocally movable within the housing along the first axis and over at least a portion of the travel length, (iii) a first damper positioned at the first end of the housing configured to apply a first force to the permanent magnet proximal to the housing and a second damper positioned at the second end of the housing configured to apply a second force to the permanent magnet proximal to the housing, and (iv) an electrically- conductive material that is coupled to the housing and extends along at least some of the travel length; (B) an energy storage unit electrically-coupled to the electrically-conductive material; and (C) a wireless communication unit electrically-coupled to the energy storage device, wherein the wireless communication unit is configured to one or both of transmit a first data to a device that is external to the electrical energy generation system or receive a second data from the device that is external to the electrical energy generation system. In some embodiments, the device that is external to the electrical energy generation system comprises a mobile device. In some embodiments, the mobile device comprises a smartphone. In some embodiments, the mobile device comprises an extended reality device. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system further comprises: (D) a smart output electrically-coupled to the energy storage device, wherein the smart output is configured to output electrical power based at least in part on data received from the device that is external to the electrical energy generation system.In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system further comprises: (E) one or more sensors electrically-coupled to the energy storage device, wherein the first data comprises sensor data collected by the one or more sensors. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors track movement of the electrical energy generation system. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors are chosen from among an accelerometer, a gyroscope, an initial measurement unit sensor (IMU), a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, an optical sensor, or an acoustic sensor. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system further comprises: (F) an electrical output electrically-coupled to the energy storage device, wherein the electrical output is configured to output electrical power that is stored within the energy storage device. In some embodiments, the electrical output is configured to be removably electrically-coupled to a mobile or wearable device to charge the mobile or wearable device via the electrical power that is stored within the energy storage device. In some embodiments, the mobile or wearable device is the device that is external to the electrical energy generation system. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system further comprises: (G) an electrical input electrically-coupled to the energy storage device, wherein the electrical input is configured to input electrical power to the energy storage device. In some embodiments, the electrical input is configured to be electrically-coupled to a power source. In some embodiments, the power source comprises a solar panel. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system further comprises: (H) one or more onboard devices electrically-coupled to the energy storage device. In some embodiments, the one or more onboard devices comprise one or more of a light, a vibrator, or a heater. In some embodiments, the first damper and the second damper each comprise a magnet that is oriented to each be in polar opposition to the permanent magnet. In some embodiments, the electrically-conductive material comprises one or more looping wires that loop externally around the housing along the first axis. In some embodiments, the one or more looping wires comprises a first loop of wire that loops externally around the housing along the first axis, a second loop of wire that loops externally around the housing along the first axis, and a third loop of wire that loops externally around the housing along the first axis, wherein each of the first loop of wire, the second loop of wire, and the third loop of wire collectively form a three-phase circuit. In some embodiments, each of the first loop of wire, the second loop of wire, and the third loop of wire are connected via a three-phase bridge rectifier. In some embodiments, the energy storage unit comprises a lithium-ion battery, a water-based battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a lithium-polymer battery, a lead-acid battery, or a solid- state battery. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system is included within a wearable article. In some embodiments, the wearable article is a shoe. In some embodiments, the wearable article is a backpack. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system isincluded within a sports instrument. In some embodiments, the sports instrument is one or more of a bat, a racket, a ball, a surfboard, a skateboard, a snowboard, a weight, or a helmet. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system is included within a vehicle. In some embodiments, the vehicle is one or more of a car, a bicycle, a jet ski, a motorcycle, or a boat. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system is included within scientific research equipment. In some embodiments, the scientific research equipment is one or more of a floating device or a device configured to be attached to a human or an animal. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system is included within a toy. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system further comprises: (I) a second tube generator that is orthogonal to the first tube generator. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system further comprises: (J) a third tube generator that is orthogonal to both the first tube generator and the second tube generator. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system further comprises: (K) a fourth tube generator that is parallel to the third tube generator and orthogonal to both the first tube generator and the second tube generator. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system further comprises: (L) a second tube generator that is parallel to the first tube generator. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system further comprises: (M) a third tube generator that is orthogonal to both the first tube generator and the second tube generator. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system further comprises: (N) a fourth tube generator that is parallel to the third tube generator and orthogonal to both the first tube generator and the second tube generator. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system further comprises: (O) a power control toggle configured to change a powered state of one or more of elements (A) through (K). In some embodiments, the (B) energy storage unit that is removable from the electrical energy generation system.[4] In another aspect, provided herein is an electrical energy generation system, comprising a first tube generator. The first tube generator may comprise a housing having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end and the second end are positioned along a first axis of the housing, and wherein the first end and the second end are separated by a travel length. In some embodiments, the tube generator may comprise a permanent magnet positioned within the housing, such that the permanent magnet is reciprocally movable within the housing along the first axis and over at least a portion of the travel length. In some embodiments, a first damper may be positioned at the first end of the housing configured to apply a first force to the permanent magnet proximal to the housing and a second damper may be positioned at the second end of the housing configured to apply a second force to the permanent magnet proximal to the housing. In some embodiments, an electrically-conductive material that may be coupled to the housing and extends along at least some of the travel length. In some embodiments, the systemmay further comprise an energy storage unit electrically-coupled to the electrically-conductive material. In some embodiments, the system may further comprise a wireless communication unit electrically-coupled to the energy storage device which may be configured to transmit data to a device that is external to the electrical energy generation system or receive second data from the device that is external to the electrical energy generation system. In some embodiments, the device that is external to the electrical energy generation system may be a mobile device. In some embodiments, the mobile device may be a smartphone. In some embodiments, the mobile device may comprise an extended reality device (XR). Extended reality is a catch-all term to refer to augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR), or any technology intended to combine or mirror the physical world with a digital world able to interact with it in some aspect. In another aspect, provided herein is a device that may comprising a smart output electrically-coupled to the energy storage device. In some embodiments, the smart output may be configured to output electrical power based, at least in part, on data received from the device that is external to the electrical energy generation system. In some embodiments, the device may comprise one or more sensors electrically-coupled to the energy storage device. In some embodiments, sensor data collected by the one or more sensors may be transmitted to an external device. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors may track movement of the electrical energy generation system. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors may comprise an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or both.[5] In another aspect, disclosed herein the system may further comprise an electrical output electrically-coupled to the energy storage device. In some embodiments, the electrical output may be configured to output electrical power that is stored within the energy storage device. In some embodiments, the electrical output may be configured to be removably electrically-coupled to a mobile device to charge the mobile device via the electrical power that is stored within the energy storage device. In some embodiments, the mobile device may be the device that is external to the electrical energy generation system.[6] In another aspect, the electrical energy generation system may further comprise an electrical input electrically-coupled to the energy storage device. In some embodiments, the electrical input may be configured to input electrical power to the energy storage device. In some embodiments, the electrical input may be configured to be electrically-coupled to a power source. In some embodiments, the power source may comprise a solar panel. In another aspect, disclosed herein the device may further comprise one or more onboard devices electrically-coupled to the energy storage device. In some embodiments, one or more onboard devices may comprise one or more of a light, a vibrator, or a heater.[7] In another aspect, the first damper and the second damper may each comprise a magnet that is oriented to each be in polar opposition to the permanent magnet. In some embodiments, the electrically-conductive material may comprise one or more looping wires that loop externally around the housing along the first axis. In some embodiments, the one or more looping wires may comprise a first loop of wire that loops externally around the housing along the first axis, a second loop of wire that loops externally around the housing along the first axis, and a third loop of wire that loops externally around the housing along the first axis, wherein each of the first loop of wire, the second loop of wire, and the third loop of wire collectively form a three-phase circuit. In some embodiments, there may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 independent looping wires of conductive material. The independent looping wires may comprise a 4-phase, 5-phase, 6-phase, 7-phase, 8-phase, 9-phase, 10-phase, or more phase circuit. In some embodiments, each of the first loop of wire, the second loop of wire, and the third loop of wire may be connected via a three-phase bridge rectifier. In some embodiments, the energy storage unit may comprise a lithium-ion battery, a water-based battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a lithium-polymer battery, a lead-acid battery, or a solid-state battery.[8] In another aspect, the electrical energy generation system may be included within a wearable article. In some embodiments, the wearable article may be a shoe. In some embodiments, the wearable article may be a backpack. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system may be included within a sports instrument. In some embodiments, the sports instrument may be a bat, a racket, a ball, a surfboard, a skateboard, a snowboard, a weight, or a helmet. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system may be included within a vehicle. In some embodiments, the vehicle may be a car, a bicycle, a jet ski, a motorcycle, or a boat. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system may be included within scientific research equipment. In some embodiments, the scientific research equipment may be one or more of a floating device or a device configured to be attached to a human or an animal. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system may be included within a toy.[9] In another aspect, the electrical energy generation system may comprise a second tube generator that is orthogonal to the first tube generator. In some embodiments, disclosed herein the device may further comprise a third tube generator that is orthogonal to both the first tube generator and the second tube generator. In some embodiments, the electrical energy generation system may further comprise a fourth tube generator that is parallel to the third tube generator and orthogonal to both the first tube generator and the second tube generator. In some embodiments, the system may further comprise a second tube generator that is parallel to the firsttube generator. In some embodiments, the system may comprise a third tube generator that is orthogonal to both the first tube generator and the second tube generator. In some embodiments, the system may further comprise a fourth tube generator that is parallel to the third tube generator and orthogonal to both the first tube generator and the second tube generator.

[0010] In another aspect, the device may further comprise a power control toggle configured to change a powered state of one or more of elements of the system. In some embodiments, the system may comprise an energy storage unit that is removable from the electrical energy generation system.

[0011] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for performing operations that implement any of the systems above or elsewhere herein.

[0012] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure may become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following detailed description, wherein only illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are shown and described. As may be realized, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the disclosure.Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.

[0013] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a system comprising one or more computer processors and computer memory coupled thereto. The computer memory comprises machine executable code that, upon execution by the one or more computer processors, implements any of the methods above or elsewhere herein.

[0014] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following detailed description, wherein only illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are shown and described. As will be realized, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the disclosure.Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

[0015] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. To the extent publications and patents or patent applications incorporated by reference contradict the disclosure contained in the specification, the specification is intended to supersede and / or take precedence over any such contradictory material.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings (also “Figure” and “FIG.” herein), of which:

[0017] FIG 1A illustrates an example device for the generation, storage, use, and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG IB illustrates another example device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 1C illustrates another example device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present the present disclosure;

[0020] FIG ID illustrates another example device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present the present disclosure;

[0021] FIG IE illustrates another example device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present the present disclosure;

[0022] FIG. IF illustrates another example device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present the present disclosure;

[0023] FIG 1G illustrates another example device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present the present disclosure;

[0024] FIG. 2A illustrates an example schematic for a device for the generation, storage, use, and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0025] FIG 2B illustrates another example schematic for a device for the generation, storage, use, and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0026] FIG. 2C illustrates another example schematic for a device for the generation, storage, use, and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0027] FIG 2D illustrates another example schematic for a device for the generation, storage, use, and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0028] FIG. 2E illustrates another example schematic for a device for the generation, storage, use, and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0029] FIG. 3A illustrates an example of a tubular generator consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0030] FIG. 3B illustrates an example of a cross section of a tubular generator consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0031] FIG. 3C illustrates an example of a tubular generator consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0032] FIG. 3D illustrates an example of a device comprising multiple tubular generator consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0033] FIG. 4A illustrates an example of a shoe comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0034] FIG. 4B illustrates an alternative angle of an example of a shoe comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0035] FIG. 4C illustrates a see-through view of an example of a shoe comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0036] FIG. 4D illustrates another see-through view of another example of a shoe comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0037] FIG. 4E illustrates another see-through view of another example of a shoe comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0038] FIG. 4F illustrates another see-through view of another example of a shoe comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0039] FIG. 4G illustrates a device for the generation, storage, and transmission of electrical energy operatively connected to a heating element consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0040] FIG. 5A illustrates an example of an athletic shoe comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0041] FIG. 5B illustrates an example of a boot comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0042] FIG. 6A illustrates an example of a baseball bat comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0043] FIG. 6B illustrates an example of a tennis racket comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0044] FIG. 7A illustrates an example of a basketball comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG. 7B illustrates an example of a soccer ball comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG. 7C illustrates an example a person wearing a shoe comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure while playing with a soccer ball comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0047] FIG. 8A illustrates an example of a surfboard comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG. 8B illustrates an example of a jet ski comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG. 8C illustrates an example of a buoy comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0050] FIG. 9A illustrates an example of a backpack comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0051] FIG. 9B illustrates an example of a portable speaker comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0052] FIG. 10A illustrates an example of weightlifting plates comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0053] FIG. 10B illustrates an example of a kettlebell comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0054] FIG. HA illustrates an example of a person wearing an extended, virtual, or augmented reality headset, handheld controllers, and shoes all individually comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0055] FIG. 11B illustrates an example of an extended, virtual, or augmented reality headset comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0056] FIG. 11C illustrates an example of a handheld controller comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0057] FIG. HD illustrates an example of another handheld controller comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0058] FIG. HE illustrates an example of sunglasses comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0059] FIG. 12A illustrates an example of a bicycle comprising multiple devices for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0060] FIG. 12B illustrates an example of a gear and pedal system of a bicycle comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0061] FIG. 12C illustrates an example of a bicycle lock comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0062] FIG. 13A illustrates an example of a skateboard comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0063] FIG. 13B illustrates an example of a snowboard comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0064] FIG. 14A illustrates an example of a bike helmet comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0065] FIG. 14B illustrates an example of a military helmet comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0066] FIG. 14C illustrates an example of a motorcycle helmet comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0067] FIG. 14D illustrates an alternative angle of an example of a motorcycle helmet comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0068] FIG. 15A illustrates an example of a briefcase comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0069] FIG. 15B illustrates an example of a duffle bag comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0070] FIG. 15C illustrates an example of a suitcase comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0071] FIG. 16A illustrates an example of a child’s toy comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0072] FIG. 16B illustrates an example of a child’s toy being shaken by a user, the toy comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0073] FIG. 16C illustrates an example of a teddy bear comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0074] FIG. 16D illustrates an example of a teddy bear being shaken by a user, the teddy bear comprising a comprising a device for the generation, storage, use and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0075] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a person wearing shoes and an extended, virtual, or augmented reality headset both comprising devices for the generation, storage, use, and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0076] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a person using weights comprising devices for the generation, storage, use, and transmission of electrical energy consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0077] FIG. 19A illustrates an example of a curved tubular generator consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0078] FIG. 19B illustrates an example of a rectangular tubular generator consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0079] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a device comprising three rectangular tubular generators in a triangular configuration consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0080] FIG. 21A illustrates an example of a device comprising three tubular generators in a triangular configuration consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0081] FIG. 21B illustrates an example of a device comprising two triangular configurations of three tubular generators consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0082] FIG. 22A illustrates an example of a springed tubular generator consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0083] FIG. 22B illustrates an example of a magnetized tubular generator consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0084] FIG. 23A illustrates an example of a three-phased tubular generator consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0085] FIG. 23B illustrates another example of a three-phased tubular generator consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0086] FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a charging system consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0087] FIG. 25 illustrates an example of a wheel with tubular generators consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0088] FIG. 26A illustrates an example of a wheel of gym equipment with tubular generators consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0089] FIG. 26B illustrates another example of a wheel of gym equipment with tubular generators consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0090] FIG. 27A illustrates an example of a wheel of a bicycle with tubular generators consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0091] FIG. 27B illustrates another example of a wheel of a bicycle with tubular generators consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0092] FIG. 28A illustrates an example of a portable tube generator consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure;

[0093] FIG. 28B illustrates another example of a portable tube generator consistent with certain examples of the present disclosure; and

[0094] FIG. 29 shows an example of a computer system that is programmed or otherwise configured to the methods disclosed herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0095] While various embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed.Example of Electrical Generator

[0096] Disclosed herein is a system for effective and flexible electrical power generation that can be integrated in a wide range of potential applications that implement power generation or storage. As disclosed herein, electricity can be effectively generated from even very slight movements all the way to larger movements (e.g., in a horizontal, vertical, or depthwise plane) of a magnet support structure.. In some cases, the movement of the magnet support structure may be caused by human motion. For example, a walking motion or other motions such as running, swimming, lifting, jumping, turning, tapping, bowing, riding on a vehicle subject to motion, etc. can generate useful amounts of electricity. In some cases, the support structure for the magnets may be mechanically coupled to a user (e.g., held in the user's hand). In some cases, the movement may be caused by sources other than a human. For example, movements due to waves, wind, animals, etc. can also be used for electrical generation.

[0097] Disclosed herein, the system may employ magnets that are movable relative to a common support structure. FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B illustrate a tubular generator 102 for generating electrical energy. As illustrated, two dampers, illustrated as fixed magnets, 172 are disposed ateither end of a support structure 170, which is illustrated in the form of a tubular non-magnetic support structure. The dampers in the form of fixed magnets 172 may be in identical or similar conformation to each other, with their facing ends having different magnetic polarity. The tubular generator 102 further comprises a movable magnet 122 configured to move (e.g., freely move) within the support structure. The movable magnet 122 may be disposed such that it is has the same magnetic polarity as the faces of the magnets at either end of the support structure 170. Therefore, the movable magnet 122 may be repelled by both fixed magnets 172 at either end of the support structure 170.

[0098] In some cases, the movable magnet 122 may comprise multiple movable magnets. The movable magnet 122 may cause generation of electrical power as the movable magnet 122 reciprocally moves. To improve efficiency and adaptability, the movable magnet 122, when comprising multiple movable magnets, may have the multiple movable magnets arranged in various configurations, including alternating polarity (North-South or South-North) or consistent polarity (North-North, South-South). This flexibility in magnet orientation may enable optimization of magnetic field interactions, thereby improving induction process where the movement of the movable magnet 122 generates electrical current. By adjusting the arrangement and polarity of the movable magnets within the movable magnet 122, the tubular generator 102 can be finely tuned to improve power output and accommodate different operational environments or requirements.

[0099] The tubular generator 102 further comprises a conductive coil 124 wound around the support structure 170. The structure may be designed such that moving a magnet through the conductive coil 124 induces an electrical current flow in the conductive coil 124. If the movable magnet 122 is moved back and forth in a reciprocating motion, the direction of current flow in the coil 124 may be reversed for each successive traverse, yielding an AC current. In some cases, to improve electrical generation, friction inside the support structure 170 may be reduced. For example, a lubricant (e.g., a dry lubricant) may be sealed inside the support structure 170 to help the movable magnet 122 move more freely.

[0100] The conductive coil 124 may comprise at least 1 loop, at least 2 loops, at least about 5 loops, at least about 10 loops, at least about 20 loops, at least about 50 loops, at least about 100 loops, at least about 150 loops, at least about 200 loops, at least about 250 loops, at least about 300 loops, at least about 500 loops, at least about 750 loops, at least about 1000 loops, at least about 1,500 loops, at least about 2,500 loops, at least about 5,000 loops, or more around the support structure 170. In some cases, there may be at least 1 conductive coil.

[0101] In some cases, the tubular generator 102 may be encircled by multiple independent conductive coils, such as two independent conductive coils, three independent conductive coils,four independent conductive coils, etc. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 3C, three independent conductive coils 124a, 124b, 124c are wrapped around the support structure 170. This may enable the tubular generator 102 to functions as a three-phase electrical generator. Accordingly, the tubular general 102 of FIG. 3C may generate multiple separate alternating current as the movable magnet 122 move past each of the separate conductive coils 124a-c. for example, each time the movable magnet 122 passes by each of the conductive coils 124a, 124b, 124c in FIG. 3C, the tubular generator 102 may generate an alternating current thus resulting in 3 alternating currents for the example. This multi-phase configuration may be a three-phase configuration. This multi-phase configuration may be a bi-phasic configuration. FIG. 23A illustrates another example of a three-phased tubular generator. Unlike FIG. 3C, which uses three separate conductive coils, FIG. 23A illustrates an example using three movable magnets 122a, 122b, and 122c to achieve a three-phase current output. Each of the three movable magnets 122a- 122c may be separated by spacers 123. Each of the three movable magnets 122a-122c may have aligned polarities. Other elements of the tubular generator illustrated in FIG. 23A may be the same as or similar to other elements of the other tubular generators disclosed herein (e.g., with respect to FIGs. 3A and 3B). FIG. 23B illustrates another example of a three-phased tubular generator. Notably, in addition to having three movable magnets 122a-c, FIG. 23B also illustrates having three conductive coils 124a, 124b, and 124c.

[0102] In some cases, the support structure 170 may be made of non-conductive materials that may be sealed to the outside environment. The non-conductive materials may comprise one or more of metallic, plastic, rubber, ceramic, or a synthetic blend of materials. The support structure 170 may comprise one or more of polyvinyl chloride, bamboo, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polylactic acid (PLA), wool felt, or cellulose acetate bioplastic. The support structure 170 may comprise one or more of vulcanized, non-vulcanized, synthetic, or natural rubber. The support structure 170 may comprise one or more of silicone, nitrile, carbon fiber, neoprene, etc.

[0103] The support structure 170 may be a variety of lengths, diameters, or thicknesses depending on application. For example, the support structure 170 may be at least about 10 millimeters (mm), about 20 mm, about 50 mm, about 100 mm, about 200 mm, about 500 mm, about 75 centimeter (cm), 100 cm, about 250 cm, about 500 cm, about 1,000 cm, about 2,000 cm, about 3000 cm, about 4, 000 cm, about 5,000 cm, about or longer. The support structure 170 may be at least .1 mm thick, .25 mm thick, .5 mm thick, .75 mm thick, 1 mm thick, 1.5 mm thick or greater. The support structure 170 may have an inner diameter of at least 1 millimeters (mm), 2 mm, about 3 mm, about 5 mm, about 7.5 mm, about 10 mm, about 12.5 mm, about 15 mm, about17.5 mm, about 20 mm, about 50 mm, about 100 mm, about 200 mm, about 500 mm, about 1 centimeter (cm), about 10 cm, about 25 cm, about 50 cm, about 75 cm, about 100 cm or greater.

[0104] In some cases, the system may comprise an individual tubular generator 102 as depicted in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B in each device. In some cases, the device may comprise multiple tubular generators 102 in each device. In some cases, the device may comprise two tubular generators 102. In one example, the tubular generators 102 may be disposed in a parallel configuration such as displayed in FIG. IE. In another example, the tubular generators 102 may be disposed in an orthogonal configuration such as displayed in FIG. IF. In some cases, there may be three tubular generators 102 in a device. For example, the tubular generators 102 may be arranged in a parallel configuration or an orthogonal configuration in the same plane or a combination of the two, such as is illustrated in FIG. 1G. The tubular generators 102 may be arranged such that each of three tubular generators are orthogonal to each other, disposed with one tubular generator each in the x, y, and z axes relative to each other as displayed in FIG. 3D. Advantageously, the configuration of FIG. 1G may enable capturing motion of the system of tubular generators 102, regardless of whether the motion is in one or more of the x, y, or z direction. Also advantageously, the configuration of FIG. IF may enable capturing motion of the system of tubular generators 102 across two different axes.

[0105] In some cases, a device may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more tubular generators 102. The tubular generators 102 may be arranged together or separately. The tubular generators 102 may be parallel or orthogonal to any other number of the tubular generators 102 or any angle between 0° and 180° relative to the x, y, or z axis.

[0106] In some cases, the dampers 172 disposed at either end of the support structure 170 may be any suitable mechanism of preventing or reducing the likelihood of the movable magnet 122 impacting (e.g., damaging) the support structure 170. The dampers 172 may further operate to provide force onto the movable magnet 122 in the proximal direction of the device, as in, towards the opposing damper 172. In some cases, the opposing force may be physical, magnetic, or electrical. For example, such damper 172 may comprise a compressible gas, a spring (e.g., a metallic spring), a compressible or bouncy surface (e.g., rubber plugs), etc.

[0107] In some cases, the system for energy generation, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 1A- 1G, may be housed within a protective encasing. In some cases, the protective encasing may be incorporated into a device that is at least partially powered by the system for energy generation. In some cases, the protective encasing may enclose the system for energy generation, while also having external ports or otherwise making available the system for energy generation for electrical, mechanical, or digital interactions. In some cases, the protective encasing may be configured to be reversibly engaged into a device, such that the encased system for energygeneration can be easily removed or integrated into the supports or electronics of the device. In some cases, the protective encasing may be designed such that only a portion of the system for electrical generation may be housed within the protective encasing. In some cases, the protective encasing may be designed such that different portions of the system for electrical generation may be housed within different, separate protective encasings. In some cases, the protective encasing may be integrated into the structure of a device that comprises a system of electrical generation.

[0108] The protective encasing may be made of any suitable material configured to withstand the forces that the system for energy generation is expected to encounter. This may include high temperatures, low temperatures, concussive forces, sudden accelerations or decelerations, submergence in water or other liquids, other incidental contact with liquids, external pressures, internal pressures, or other strains to the protective encasing. The protective encasing may also protect users 530, from any hazards that may be generated by the system for electrical generation. This may include potentially hazardous leaks of a gaseous, particulate, or liquid chemical, thermal discharge, fire or flames, explosions, or any other form of harmful changes the system for electrical generation may undergo. In some cases, the protective encasing may be made of a fireproof or fire-resistant material. In some cases, the protective encasing may be made of a carbon fiber, a graphite composite, a metal alloy, a ceramic composite, a plastic, or any combination thereof.

[0109] Although tubular generators may be illustrated as a linear tube (e.g., at FIGs. 1A-1G, 3A- 3D, etc.), in some cases, the tubular generator may be a curved tube. For example, FIG. 19A illustrates an example of a curved tubular generator 1700. Similar to a linear generator, the curved tubular generator 1700 may include conductive coils 124 wrapped around a hollow support structure 170 that is curved, rather than linear. As illustrated, in FIG. 19A, the conductive coils 124 include three electrically-separate coils, enabling, for example, three-phase applications. Also similar to a linear generator, the curved tubular generator 1700 may include a moving magnet (e.g., that may be the same as or similar to the movable magnet 122) inside the hollow support structure 170. Also similar to a linear generator, the moving magnet may be bound in between two fixed magnets 172. Advantageously, the curved tubular generator 1700 may be used in applications where a path of movement is curved. For example, this may include on a rotating surface (e.g., on a wheel). In another example, this may include on a surface with an arc-shaped or curve-shaped movement pattern (e.g., on a shoe).

[0110] Although tubular generators may be illustrated as a cylindrical tube (e.g., at FIGs. 1A- 1G, 3A-3D, etc.), in some cases, the tubular generator may be a non-cylindrical tube. The non- cylindrical tubes may be of a triangular, rectangular (e.g., square), pentangular, sextangular, septangular, octangular, etc. shape. In some cases, the non-cylindrical tubes may be of a regularshape (e.g., a square). In some cases, the non-cylindrical tubes may be of a non-regular shape (e.g., a non-regular polygon, a non-regular curved shape, etc.). For example, FIG. 19B illustrates an example of a rectangular tubular generator 1800. Similar to a cylindrical generator, the rectangular tubular generator 1800 may include conductive coils 124 wrapped around a hollow support structure 170 that is rectangular, rather than cylindrical. Although illustrated in FIG. 19B as having one conductive coil 172, in some cases, the conductive coil 172 may comprise a plurality of conductive coils (e.g., similar to the conductive coils 172 of FIG. 19A). Also similar to a cylindrical generator, the rectangular tubular generator 1800 may include a moving magnet (e.g., that may be the same as or similar to the movable magnet 122) inside the hollow support structure 170. Also similar to a cylindrical generator, the moving magnet may be bound in between two fixed magnets 172. Advantageously, the rectangular tubular generator 1800 may be used in certain applications to improve form factor of devices, and better stack multiple generators on top of each other..

[0111] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a device 1900 comprising three rectangular tubular generators 1800 (that may be the same as or similar to the rectangular tubular generator 1800 of FIG. 19B) in a triangular configuration. As illustrated, the device 1900 comprises a support structure 1902 that is configured to mechanically support each of the three rectangular tubular generators 1800. In some cases, the support structure 1902 may be a wheel (e.g., a transportation wheel, a flywheel, a motor wheel, a factory equipment wheel, etc.). Advantageously, the triangular configuration may be used in rotating applications to increase electrical production of the device 1900 over a similar device having fewer than three rectangular tubular generators 1800. Further advantageously, the distribution of the three triangular tubular generators 1800 over the outer portion of the support structure 1902 may improve balance of weight as the support structure 1902 rotates. In some cases, to still further improve balance of weight as the support structure 1902 rotates, more than three rectangular tubular generators 1800 may be used. For example, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, etc. rectangular tubular generators 1800 may be distributed (e.g., in a regular arrangement) over the outer portion of the support structure 1902. In some cases, to still further improve balance of weight as the support structure 1902 rotates, a curved tubular generator may be used (e.g., as shown in FIG. 27A) that may be the same as or similar to the curved tubular generator 1700 of FIG. 19A. For example, a circularly shaped tubular generator may concentrically trace the outer portion of the support structure 1902, thereby improving balance of weight.

[0112] FIG. 21 A illustrates an example of a device 2000 comprising three tubular generators in (that may be the same as or similar to the tubular generators of FIGs. 3A and 3B) in a triangular housing 2002. As illustrated, the housing 2002 includes all three of the tubular generators,mechanical support for each of the three rectangular tubular generators. In some cases, the support structure 2002 may be attached to another surface, such as a wheel (e.g., a transportation wheel, a flywheel, a motor wheel, a factory equipment wheel, etc.). This device 2000 may benefit from similar advantages as disclosed herein with respect to FIG. 20.

[0113] FIG. 21B illustrates an example of a device 2010 comprising two triangular configurations 2000 of three tubular generators. As illustrated, the two triangular configurations 2000 may be attached to a surface, such as a wheel 2012. Advantageously, the two triangular configurations 2000 may be used in rotating applications to increase electrical production of the device 2010 (e.g., over a similar device one triangular configuration). Further advantageously, the distribution of the two triangular configurations 2000 over the wheel 2012 may improve balance of weight as the wheel 2012 rotates. In some cases, to still further improve balance of weight as the support structure 1902 rotates, more than the two triangular configurations 2000 may be used (e.g., three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, etc.).Example of Permanent Magnets

[0114] In some cases, the movable magnet 122 or the fixed magnets 172 disposed at either end of the hollow support structure 170 of the present invention may comprise one or more different types of magnets. The fixed magnets 172 may be permanent magnets, temporary magnets, or electromagnets. For example, the fixed magnets 172 may comprise one or more of aluminumnickel-cobalt (alnicos), strontium-iron (ferrites, also known as ceramics), neodymium-iron-boron (a.k.a. neodymium magnets, or “super magnets”), or samarium-cobalt-magnet-material. In another example, the fixed magnets 172 may be rare earth magnets. In another example, the fixed magnets 172 may be special alloys (e.g., that have been found through research to create increasingly better magnets). In another example, the fixed magnets 172 may be soft iron or certain iron alloys, such as permalloy (a mixture of iron and nickel) that may be magnetized in the presence of weak magnetic fields.

[0115] In some cases, the magnetic material of the fixed magnets 172 may be bare. The fixed magnets 172 also may be coated in a materials to increase the resistance of the magnetic material to corrosion, wear, or reactivity. The coating may also protect the fixed magnets 172 from damage cause by the movable magnet 122 being forced into each of the fixed magnets 172. The coating may be gold, iron, nickel, plastic, or rubber.

[0116] The fixed magnets 172 may vary in size. The fixed magnets 172 may be about the same size as the diameter of support structure 170. The fixed magnets 172 may be affixed (e.g., detachably or permanently) to the distal ends of the support structure 170. For example, the fixed magnets 172 may be permanently affixed to the distal ends of the support structures by any appropriate mechanism for permanent fixation, such as glue, epoxy, or solder. The fixed magnets172 may be smaller than the encloser and may be held in place by mechanical mechanism, such being embedded in a cap that attached to the support structure 170 by any appropriate mechanism, such as glue, solder, or epoxy. The fixed magnets 172 may be larger than the diameter of the support structure 170. The fixed magnets 172 may be attached to the support structure 170 through any appropriate mechanism, such as glue, solder, or epoxy.

[0117] In some cases, each of the fixed magnets 172 may be at least 1 gram, about 5 grams, at least about 10 grams, at least about 15 grams, at least about 20 grams, at least about 25 grams, at least about 35 grams, at least about 45 grams, at least about 55 grams, at least about 100 grams, at least about 200 grams, at least about 400 grams, at least about 600 grams, at least about 800 grams, at least about 1,000 grams, at least about 1,500 grams, or more.

[0118] In some cases, the movable magnet 122 housed inside the support structure 170 may be disposed between the two fixed magnets 172 in such a way that the movable magnet 122 may be repelled by both fixed magnets 172 attached to either side of the support structure 170. The movable magnet 122 may be made out of aluminum -nickel-cobalt (alnicos), strontium -iron (ferrites, also known as ceramics), neodymium-iron-boron (a.k.a. neodymium magnets, or "super magnets"), and samarium-cobalt-magnet-material. The movable magnet 122 may be rare earth magnets. The movable magnet 122 may be special alloys that have been found through research to create increasingly better magnets. They may be soft iron or certain iron alloys, such as permalloy (a mixture of iron and nickel) that can be very easily magnetized in the presence of weak magnetic fields.

[0119] The magnetic material of the movable magnet 122 may be bare. The movable magnet 122 also may be coated in a materials to increase the resistance of the magnetic material to corrosion, wear, or reactivity. The coating may also protect the magnets from damage cause by the movable magnet 122 being forced into each of the fixed magnets 172. The coating may be gold, iron, nickel, plastic, or rubber.

[0120] The movable magnet 122 may be of varying size and density. The moving magnet may be at least 1 gram, about 5 grams, 10 grams, 15 grams, 20 grams, 25 grams, 35 grams, 45 grams, 55 grams, 100 grams, 200 grams, 400 grams, 600 grams, 800 grams, 1,000 grams, 1,500 grams, or more. The magnet moving may be at least 5 mm, about 6 mm, about 7 mm, about 8 mm, about 9 mm, about 10 mm, about 12.5 mm, about 15 mm, about 17.5 mm, about 20 mm, about 25 mm, about 30 mm, about 40 mm, about 50 mm, about 75 mm, about 100 mm, about 150 mm, about 200 mm, about 250 mm, about 500 mm, about 750 mm, about 1,000 mm, about or longer. The moving magnet may be 99%, 98%, 97%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 60%, 50%, or less of the diameter of the support structure 170.Example of Electrically Conductive Material

[0121] In some cases, the conductive coil 124 may comprise any appropriately conductive material that can be formed into the encircling coil as shown in FIG. 3A. In some cases, the conductive material may be copper. In some cases, the conductive material may also be silver, gold, zinc, nickel, platinum, copper, or aluminum. In some cases, the conductive material may be a pure metal or an alloy of any of the previous metal in any proportions. In some cases, the conductive material may be steel, bronze, brass, or stainless steel.

[0122] The conductive material may be of a variety of thicknesses. The conductive material may be 16 gauge, 14 gauge, 12 gauge, 10 gauge, 8 gauge, 6 gauge, 4 gauge, 3 gauge, 2 gauge, or less. In some cases, the conductive material may be bare or sheathed. In some cases, a portion of the conductive material may be bare, and another portion may be sheathed.Example of Energy Storage

[0123] In some cases, each device lOOa-lOOd may further comprise an integrated rechargeable battery 106 operatively connected to the tubular generator 102. The integrated rechargeable battery 106 may function to store electricity generated from the tubular generators 102. The integrated rechargeable battery 106 may also function to distribute stored power to other components of the device.

[0124] In some cases, the integrated rechargeable battery 106 may be a Nickel -Cadmium (NiCAD) Battery. The integrated rechargeable battery 106 may comprise a nickel oxidehydroxide positive electrode plate, a cadmium negative electrode plate, a separator, and a potassium hydroxide electrolyte. The integrated rechargeable battery 106 may be a Nickel -Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery. The integrated rechargeable battery 106 may comprise a nickel hydroxide positive electrode plate, a hydrogen ion negative electrode plate, a separator, and an alkaline electrolyte such as potassium hydroxide. The integrated rechargeable battery 106 may be a Lithium ion battery.

[0125] In some cases, the integrated rechargeable battery 106 may comprise a positive electrode of an intercalated lithium compound and a negative electrode made of graphite. The positive electrode may additionally or alternatively comprise a layered oxide (such as lithium cobalt oxide), a polyanion (such as lithium iron phosphate) or a spinel (such as lithium manganese oxide). The integrated rechargeable battery 106 may have an aqueous electrolyte or a nonaqueous electrolyte. The electrolyte may be a mixture of organic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate containing complexes of lithium ions.

[0126] In some cases, current collectors of the integrated rechargeable battery 106 may comprise a variety of different compositions. The current collector may be a foil, mesh, foam (dealloyed), etched (wholly or selectively), or coated (with various materials) design.

[0127] In some cases, the integrated rechargeable battery 106 may be a lithium polymer battery or a lithium-ion polymer battery (abbreviated as LiPo, LIP, Li-poly, lithium-poly). The integrated rechargeable battery 106 may comprise a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) such as poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly (acrylonitrile) (PAN), poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF).

[0128] In some cases, the integrated rechargeable battery 106 may comprise a separator which may be a polymer, such as a microporous film of polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP). The integrated rechargeable battery 106 may comprise a positive electrode of a lithium -transit! on- metal-oxide (such as LiCoO2 or LiMn2O4), a conductive additive, and a polymer binder of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF). The negative electrode material may comprise a carbon, a conductive additive, and a polymer binder of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF).

[0129] In some cases, the integrated rechargeable battery 106 may be replaceable. The integrated rechargeable battery 106 may provide a specific voltage to the electrical circuit. The integrated rechargeable battery 106 may provide at least .5 volts, 1 volt, 1.25 volts, 1.5 volts, 2 volts, 1 volt, 2.5 volts, 3 volts, 4 volts, 5 volts, 6 volts, 7 volts, 8 volts, 9 volts, 10 volts, 12.5 volts, 15 volts, etc. The integrated rechargeable battery 106 may have a capacity of at least 100 milliamp hours (mAh), 200 mAh, about300 mAh, about400 mAh, about500 mAh, about600 mAh, about700 mAh, about800 mAh, about900 mAh, aboutl,000 mAh, aboutl,500 mAh, about2,000 mAh, about2,500 mAh, about3,000 mAh, about3,500 mAh, about4,000 mAh, about5,000 mAh, about6,000 mAh, about7,000 mAh, about8,000 mAh, about9,000 mAh, aboutl 0,000 mAh, aboutor more. The battery may have a power capacity of at least .5 Watt hours (Wh), 1 Wh, about2 Wh, about3 Wh, about4 Wh, about5 Wh, aboutl 0 Wh, aboutl 5 Wh, about20 Wh, about30 Wh, about40 Wh, about50 Wh, about75 Wh, aboutlOO Wh, about250 Wh, about500 Wh, aboutor more.

[0130] In some cases, the device may further comprise a second removable or rechargeable battery 166 that can be connected and disconnected from the rest of the device in an easy and reversable manner. The second removable rechargeable battery 166 may be of the same, similar, or different design as the integrated rechargeable battery 106 discussed above. The second removable rechargeable battery 166 may be of any of the types and functions of one or more of the batteries discussed above. The second removable rechargeable battery 166 may have built in connection that allow for simple charging of secondary devices from the second rechargeable battery 166. Such connection may be exemplified by USB, USB type C, or Lightning™ type connectors. The second removable rechargeable battery 166 may further comprise a mechanism for allowing wireless charging, such as via inductive loops.Example of Wireless Communication

[0131] In some cases, the device lOOa-lOOd may be configured to send and receive data or instructions wirelessly. The device lOOa-lOOd may comprise a transceiver that enables sending and receiving data or instructions wirelessly. The transceiver may be a wireless transceiver 110 (or wireless transceiver 142 of FIG. 2B, for example) that enables both the transmission and reception of wireless signals in one component.

[0132] In some cases, the wireless transceiver 110 may be a half-duplex transceiver. The wireless transceiver 110 may be a full duplex transceiver. The wireless transceiver 110 may use the same frequency as the receiver, or it may use different a different frequency. The wireless transceiver 110 may be an infrared wave transceiver. The wireless transceiver 110 may communicate using a frequency between about 300 GHz and about 400 THz. The wireless transceiver 110 may comprise a radio frequency transceiver. The wireless transceiver 110 may communicate using a frequency of between about 3 kHz and about 300 GHz.

[0133] In some cases, the wireless transceiver 110 may further comprise an electronic switch that allows the transmitter and receiver to be allied to the same radio antenna, so that the transmitter can be protected from the damage of the receiver. The wireless transceiver 110 may comprise a wireless router. The wireless router may transmit over a Wi-Fi network. The wireless transceiver 110 may comprise a Bluetooth™ communication system. In addition or in alternative, the wireless transceiver 110 may comprise a Zigbee, Long Range (LoRa), Narrowband loT (NB- loT), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Low Energy, Z-Wage, Sigfox, IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Aera Networks (6L0WPAN), cellular (e.g., 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G), etc. The wireless transceiver 110 may have a satellite communication module enabling the device to send and receive signals from a satellite in orbit around the Earth. The wireless transceiver 110 may comprise a cellular transceiver. This may enable the device lOOa-lOOd to communicate with other cellular devices over established third party cellular networks. The wireless transceiver 110 may comprise a microwave transceiver. The wireless transceiver 110 may communicate using a frequency between about 1 GHz and about 300 GHz.

[0134] In some cases, the wireless transceiver 110 may comprise two functional layers: a physical (PHY) layer and a media access control (MAC) layer. The PHY layer may consists of an RF front end and a baseband processor. The baseband processor may modulate a bitstream to a constellation symbol stream for transmission. The receiver may demodulate a symbol stream to recover the transmitted signal. The wireless transceiver 110 front end may add a carrier wave to the baseband symbol stream for transmission and convert the received signal to baseband. The MAC layer may provide link traffic control for the wireless transmitter to access the wirelesslinks, avoid collisions, and optimize data throughput. The front end may have power and low noise amplifiers with variable gain for transmitter and receiver, respectively.

[0135] In some cases, the wireless transceiver 110 may enable the device lOOa-lOOd to connect to other devices 148. The wireless transceiver 110 may enable the device to connect to servers 150. The servers 150 may contain larges data sets, perform calculations, or host internet websites. The servers 150 may be cloud based servers. The wireless transceiver 110 may also connect directly to the internet, allowing for connections to multiple servers simultaneously. The wireless transceiver 110 may connect (e.g., directly or indirectly) to smartphones. This connection may allow for control of the device by the smartphone or vice versa. The connection to the smartphone may be enabled by a specific software application run by the smartphone. This application may allow the user to receive information regarding the device or other device outputs. The wireless transceiver 110 may also allow users to store or transmit this information to other people, either directly through the smartphone or through an internet connection. The device may also connect to other smart devices 148. The other smart devices 148 may have the mechanical and electronic means to receive and process data by means of a microprocessor to signals transmitted by other devices. The other smart devices 148 may be one or more of smart watches, smart headphones, smart glasses, smart locks, smart lights, smart cameras, smart speakers, smart thermostats, or other such electronic devices.Example of Sensors

[0136] In some cases, the device lOOa-lOOd may comprise at least one sensor 108 (e.g., a motion sensor) or a wide number and variety of sensors 108. The sensor 108 may be an optical sensor that converts an electromagnetic signal into an electronic signal. The sensor 108 may be a photoconductive sensor configured to measure the resistance by converting a change in incident light into a change of resistance. The sensor 108 may be a photovoltaic cell (solar cell) that converts an amount of incident light into an output voltage. The sensor 108 may be a photodiode that converts an amount of incident light into an output current. The sensor 108 may be configured to sense ambient light. The sensor 108 may be configured to sense a physiological parameter such as respiration rate, heart rate, blood pressure or blood oxygenation. The sensor 108 may be used to sense changes in the environmental conditions around the sensor. The sensor 108 may be used to detect wavelengths of light not normally visible to humans and enable an output that allows a human to perceive that wavelength of light. The sensor 108 may be paired with an optical transmitter, which may be produced by a light emitting diode or a laser. It may sense at a particular wavelength or a range of wavelengths.

[0137] In some cases, the sensor 108 of the device lOOa-lOOd may comprise at least one positional sensor. Position sensors are devices that can detect the movement of an object ordetermine the object’s relative position measured from an established reference point. These types of sensors can also be used to detect the presence of an object or the object’s absence. The sensor 108 may be an inductive position sensor that detects the position of an object by changes in the characteristics of a magnetic field that is induced in the coils of the sensor. The sensor 108 may be a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT). The LVDT position sensor, may comprise three separate coils that are wound on a hollow tube. A ferromagnetic core may be placed inside of the hollow tube, and the armature may be connected to an object whose position is being measured. An excitation voltage signal may be applied to the primary coil thereby inducing an EMF in the secondary coils of the LVDT. By measuring the voltage difference between the two secondary coils, the relative position of the armature (and thus the object to which the armature is attached) can be determined. The sensor 108 may also be a capacitive displacement sensor, eddy-current sensor, hall effect sensor, inductive sensor, laser doppler vibrometer (optical), photodiode array, piezo-electric, transducer (piezo-electric), position encoders: absolute encoder, incremental encoder, linear encoder, or rotary encoder, potentiometer, proximity sensor (optical), string potentiometer (also known as a string potentiometer, string encoder or cable position transducer), or ultrasonic sensor.

[0138] In some cases, the sensor 108 of the device lOOa-lOOd may comprise at least one accelerometer. An accelerometer is a tool that measures acceleration (or, in some cases, any derivative of acceleration, e.g., jerk). Accelerometers can be single or multi-axis accelerometers and may be able to detect both the magnitude and the direction of acceleration, as a vector quantity, and can be used to sense orientation (because the direction of weight changes), coordinate acceleration, vibration, or shock. The accelerometer may be a micromachined microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers. The MEMS may comprise a cantilever beam with a proof mass (also known as seismic mass). The accelerometer may also be a thermal (or convective) accelerometer. The accelerometer may be a piezoelectric accelerometer that use piezoceramic sensors (e.g., lead zirconate titanate) or single crystals (e.g., quartz, tourmaline).

[0139] In some cases, the sensor 108 of the device lOOa-lOOd may comprise at least one gyrometer which may allow for measuring changes in the angular velocity or rotational motion of the device. The gyrometer may be a vibration gyrometer sensor that senses angular velocity from the Coriolis force applied to a vibrating element. The gyrometer may use a piezoelectric transduce which may be made of quartz crystal or ceramic. The structure of the sensor may be a double-T structure, a tuning fork structure, a H-shaped tuning fork structure, a prismatic structure, or a columnar structure. The gyrometer may also be a silicon transducer composed of silicon and using a silicone MEMS structure.

[0140] In some cases, the sensor 108 of the device lOOa-lOOd may comprise one or more environmental sensors. The environmental sensors may include sensors that detect the ambient temperature, humidity, UV exposure, atmospheric pressure, particulate matter, or airflow. These sensors may be of the composition as previously described or may be of a structure known in the art.

[0141] In some cases, the sensor 108 of the device lOOa-lOOd may comprise an audio transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal conventionally known as a microphone or mic. The audio transducer may be a dynamic microphone, which uses a coil of wire suspended in a magnetic field. The audio transducer may be a condenser microphone, which uses the vibrating diaphragm as a capacitor plate. The audio transducer may be a contact microphone, which uses a crystal of piezoelectric material. The audio transducer may also comprise a preamplifier configured to increase the signal of the microphone to enable recordation or reproduction. The microphone may be used for the detection of ambient noise or to detect and identify speech of the user.

[0142] In some cases, the sensor 108 of the device lOOa-lOOd may comprise a health sensor that is configured to assess, monitor, or determine the health of a user. The health sensor may be configured to use inputs such as sound, light, pressure, movement, temperature, chemical compositions, or electrical fields. The health sensor may be configured to determine cardiac function or health, respiratory function or health, muscular function or health, nerve function or health, neurological function or health, among the function or health of other biological systems. Examples of health sensors may include one or more of thermometers, pulse oximeters, electrocardiographs, electroencephalographs, glucose monitors, and pulsometers, among others.

[0143] In some cases, the sensor 108 of the device lOOa-lOOd may comprise sensors including AR, VR, or XR sensors. In some cases, the sensor 108 of the device lOOa-lOOd may include a gaming sensor. In some cases, the sensor 108 of the device lOOa-lOOd may include a medical sensor. In some cases, the sensor 108 of the device lOOa-lOOd may include a military sensor. In some cases, the sensor 108 of the device lOOa-lOOd may include a humanitarian use-case sensor.Example of External Electrical Charging Devices.

[0144] In some cases, the device lOOa-lOOd may be configured to receive electrical energy 112 from an external source 132, as an alternative or supplement to the energy generated by the internal energy generating portion of the device lOOa-lOOd. The device lOOa-lOOd may comprise an inductive charging coil 134 that enables the device 100a- lOOd to be charged using an inductive charger. This may enable the device lOOa-lOOd to be charged wirelessly using inductive coupling. The device lOOa-lOOd may be charged by creating an alternating current passing through an induction coil 134 in the charging station or pad. The moving electric charge maycreate a magnetic field, which may fluctuate in strength because the electric current's amplitude is fluctuating. This changing magnetic field may create an alternating electric current in the portable device's induction coil 134 (e.g., due to Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction), which in turn, passes through a rectifier to convert the alternating current to direct current. Then, the direct current may charge a battery (e.g., the integrated rechargeable battery 106) of the device lOOa-lOOd. The inductive loops may be made of any of the previously-disclosed conductive materials.

[0145] In some cases, the device lOOa-lOOd may be connected to at least one photovoltaic cell 136 to provide an alternative power source to the integrated rechargeable battery 106. A photovoltaic (PV) cell, commonly called a solar cell, is a nonmechanical device that converts light (e.g., sunlight) 138 directly into electricity. The PV cell 136 may be comprised of one or more layers of materials. The first layer may be a specially treated semiconductor layer. The first layer may be comprised of two distinct layers (p-type and n-type), and may convert solar energy into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. On either side of the semiconductor may be a layer of conducting material that collects and transmits the electricity produced. The PV cell 136 may also comprise an anti -refl ection coating, having a layer that is applied only to the illuminated side of the PV cell 136. This layer can reduce the reflection loss experienced from the reflective surface of the semiconductor layer. The PV cell 136 may be manufactured in a variety of ways and from many different materials. The PV cell 136 may be comprised of Silicon (Si), Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) or Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS). It may be constructed from brittle crystalline structures (Si, GaAs) or as flexible thin- film cells (Si, CdTe, CIGS). Crystalline cells may also be either monocrystalline or polycrystalline. The PV cell 136 may be the basic building block of a PV system. Individual cells can vary from one about half of an inch to about 4 inches across.

[0146] In some cases, a plurality of the PV cells 136 may be electrically connected in a packaged, weather-tight PV panel (sometimes called a module). The PV panels may vary in size and in the amount of electricity they can produce. The PV panels may be connected in groups to form a PV array. The PV array can comprise of as little as two PV panels to hundreds of PV panels.

[0147] In some cases, the device lOOa-lOOd may be configured to receive electrical energy from any source that provides electrical energy. For example, the power input 112 may come from a wind based generator, a water based generator, or a steam based generator. The power input 112 may come from a battery or another form of energy storage device. The power input 112 may come from a gasoline powered generator or may be from an electric power grid for example supplied by a municipal utility. The power input 112 may come from a mechanical source, suchas a hand crank that may be powered by person. The power input 112 may come from a solar panel.

[0148] FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a charging system 2200. As illustrated, the charging system 2200 include input 2204 (e.g., wireless, induction or long range, through ports, etc.), output 2206 (e.g., wireless, induction or long range, through ports, etc.), and additional components 2202 (e.g., rectifier, battery, etc.).Example of Electrical Circuit

[0149] In some cases, the device lOOa-lOOd may comprise electrical circuitry 104 configured to perform one or more functions. The circuitry 104 may comprise a rectifier 126. The rectifier 126 may convert alternating current (AC) generated by the tube generators 102 into direct current (DC). For example, the rectifier 126 may convert the AC to the DC via one or more P-N junction diodes, which direct current to flow in a single direction, in a process known as rectification. The rectifier 126 may be an uncontrolled or controlled rectifier. The rectifier 126 may also be either a half wave rectifier or a full wave rectifier. The rectifier 126 may be a vacuum tube diode, a wet chemical cell, a mercury-arc valve, a stack of copper and selenium oxide plates, a semiconductor diode, a silicon-controlled rectifier, or other silicon-based semiconductor switches. The rectifier 126 may be a full bridge rectifier. In some cases, through implementation of the rectifier 126, compatibility with energy storage and electronic devices may be improved via converting alternating current to direct current. For example, a battery may be configured to store energy corresponding to the direct current. In one example, electricity may travel from the tubular generator 102 to the rectifier 126 to storage (e.g., capacitor storage) to integrated circuitry, thereby achieving controlled discharge. In another example, following the integrated circuitry of the previous example, the electricity may then travel to a battery (e.g., a LiPo battery) and then to a booster (e.g., boosting to, 5V, for example, may help with short circuit or overcharge protection). In some cases, AC power is provided to the energy storage, such as with a flywheel.

[0150] Although illustrated as the rectifier 126, any number of power conditioning units may perform an energy conversion operation between energy generated from the tube generators 102 prior to the energy entering energy storage. For example, the power conditioning unit may be configured to convert AC power to DC power.

[0151] In some cases, the device lOOa-lOOd may comprise one or more capacitors 128. A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field by virtue of accumulating electric charges on two close surfaces insulated from each other. The capacitor 128may be a passive electronic component with two terminals. The capacitor 128 may contain at least two electrical conductors in the form of metallic plates or surfaces, which may be a foil, thin film, sintered bead of metal, or an electrolyte. The capacitor 128 may also contain a nonconductingdi electric between the two surfaces to increase charge capacity of the capacitor 128. The nonconducting dielectric may include glass, ceramic, plastic film, paper, mica, air, or an oxide layer.

[0152] In some cases, the device lOOa-lOOd may comprise a microcontroller 130. The microcontroller 130 may contain one or more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and programmable input / output peripherals. Program memory may be in the form of ferroelectric RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM, as well as possibly a small amount of RAM. Input and output devices that the microprocessor is programed to interact with may include switches, relays, solenoids, LEDs, small or custom liquid-crystal displays, radio frequency devices, and sensors for data, in addition to any other components or devices discussed herein.

[0153] The device lOOa-lOOd may also comprise a switch 105. The switch 105 may be a physical switch. The switch 105 may be an electronic switch, which may be under the control of the microcontroller 130. The switch 105 may allow the user to turn the device on and off. The switch 105 may allow another signal received by the device though the wireless transceiver 110 to turn the power to the device on or off. The switch 105 may be programed to automatically turn the power to the device off if, for example, the integrated rechargeable battery 106 satisfies a set maximum or minimum charge capacity level.Example of Output Devices

[0154] In some cases, the device lOOa-lOOd may further comprise a variety of output devices 109 under the control of the electrical circuitry 104, as previously discussed. The device 100a- lOOd may also comprise multiple different types of electrical output ports 114 that enable other devices to be connected to the electrical circuitry 104, e.g., in order to charge the other device or the device lOOa-lOOd. The electrical output port 114 may be a USC Type C, a USB, or a lighting connector. The device lOOa-lOOd may also comprise an inductive loop 134 that may allow a second device to receive charge from the device lOOa-lOOd wirelessly. The output device 109 may comprise a speaker 168, which is an electroacoustic transducer that converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound. The speaker 168 may comprise a linear motor attached to a diaphragm which couples that motor's movement to motion of air. The speaker 168 may be comprised of multiple different sizes of linear motors to produce difference frequencies of sound. The linear motor may also comprise a magnet in order to affect the movement of the diaphragm.

[0155] In some cases, the device lOOa-lOOd may comprise at least one light 164. The light 164 may be a light emitting diode (LED). An LED is a semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through the LED. The LEDs may produce light in a visible, ultraviolet (UV), or infrared wavelengths, and in any of a high, low, or intermediate light output. The light 164 may be a single LED or an array of LEDs.

[0156] In some cases, the device lOOa-lOOd may comprise at least one vibrator or haptic feedback device 160. The vibrator or haptic feedback device 160 may comprise a type of eccentric rotating mass (ERM) actuator, consisting of an unbalanced weight attached to a motor shaft. As the shaft rotates, the spinning of this irregular mass causes the actuator and the attached device to shake. The vibrator or haptic feedback device 160 may also comprise a piezoelectric actuator that produce vibrations when an electrical current is introduced onto the actuator. The vibrator or haptic feedback device 160 may also comprise a force feedback devices that uses motors to manipulate the movement of an item held by the user.

[0157] In some cases, the device lOOa-lOOd may also comprise a device for altering the temperature of the user or their immediate surroundings. The device used to reduce the temperature of the environment may comprise a fan. The device used to increase the temperature may be a heating element 162 that converts electrical energy into heat through the resistance encountered by the flow of electricity through the heating element, resulting in heating of the element As illustrated, in FIG. 4G. The heating element 162 may be a resistance wire, which is a metallic resistance heating element that may be wire or ribbon, straight, or coiled. The heating element 162 may be composed of nichrome (80% Nickel, 20% Chromium) wire, kanthal (FeCrAl) wire, or cupronickel (CuNi) alloys. The heating element 162 may also be an etched foil which are generally made from the same alloys as resistance wire elements, but are produced with a subtractive photo-etching process that starts with a continuous sheet of metal foil and ends with a complex resistance pattern. The heating element 162 may also be a ceramic and semiconductor composition such as molybdenum disilicide (MoSi?), silicon carbide, or silicon nitride. The heating element 162 may also be a thick film heater which is a resistive heater that can be printed on a thin substrate. A heating element 162 may be printed on a variety of substrates including metal (such as aluminum 6061-T6 or stainless steel), ceramic, glass (such as muscovite or phlogopite mica sheets), or a polymer using metal or alloy-loaded thick film pastes.Example of Computer Systems

[0158] The present disclosure provides various examples of computer systems that are programmed to implement methods of the disclosure. While the various example computer systems may be shown in FIGs. 2A-2E, reference may be made herein specifically to the computer system 200c of FIG. 2E (although one or more aspects may be applicable to one or more of the computer systems of FIGs. 2A-2D). In one example, FIG. 2E shows a computer system 200c that is programmed or otherwise configured to send a wireless signal by means of a wireless transceiver 110 to a central processing unit (CPU, also “processor” and “computer processor” herein) 144. The computer system 200c can regulate various aspects of the power generation and usage of the present disclosure, such as, for example, allowing the user to turn theoutput of the device on and off. The computer system 200c can be an electronic device of a user or a computer system that is remotely located with respect to the electronic device. The electronic device can be a mobile electronic device.

[0159] The computer system 200c includes the CPU 144, which can be a single core or multi core processor, or a plurality of processors for parallel processing. The computer system 200c can be operatively coupled to a computer network (“network”) with the aid of the communication interface 142. The network can be the Internet, an internet and / or extranet, or an intranet and / or extranet that is in communication with the Internet. The network in some cases is a telecommunication and / or data network. The network may use blockchain technology, cryptography, or distributed ledger technology. The network can include one or more computer servers, which can enable distributed computing, such as cloud computing. The network, in some cases with the aid of the computer system 200c, can implement a peer-to-peer network, which may enable devices coupled to the computer system 200c to behave as a client or a server.

[0160] The CPU 144 can execute a sequence of machine-readable instructions, which can be embodied in a program or software. The instructions may be stored in a memory location, such as the memory 130. The instructions can be directed to the CPU 144, which can subsequently program or otherwise configure the CPU 144 to implement methods of the present disclosure. Examples of operations performed by the CPU 144 can include fetch, decode, execute, and writeback.

[0161] The CPU 144 can be part of a circuit, such as an integrated circuit. One or more other components of the system 200c can be included in the circuit. In some cases, the circuit is an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

[0162] In some cases, the CPU 144 may be configured to operate methods or routines involved with a distributed ledger technology. The distributed ledger may take the form of a blockchain system. The blockchain may involve a peer-to-peer computer network system. The methods or routines may comprise a blockchain node or may be configured to execute consensus algorithm protocols for verifying a public blockchain node. The algorithm may be a proof of work consensus mechanism. The methods or routines may comprise adding data to a block of a blockchain or hashing a block on the blockchain. The blockchain may be associated with a digital currency or cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Dogecoin (DOGE), Pepe Coin (PEPE) or Tether (USDT), among others. The digital currency or cryptocurrency may be a new coin that is uniquely associated one of the embodiments of the systems disclosed herein. The new coin may be earned by interacting with one of the embodiments of the systems disclosed herein. The blockchain may be associated with non-fungible tokens. The blockchain data maycomprise user data, which may be generated during use of a device of the general descriptions provided herein.

[0163] The storage unit can store files, such as drivers, libraries and saved programs. The storage unit can store user data, e.g., user preferences and user programs. The computer system 200c in some cases can include one or more additional data storage units that are external to the computer system 200c, such as located on a remote server that is in communication with the computer system 200c through an intranet or the Internet.

[0164] The computer system 200c can communicate with one or more remote computer systems through a network. For instance, the computer system 200c can communicate with a remote computer system of a user (e.g., to track the location of the computer system). Examples of remote computer systems include personal computers (e.g., portable PC), slate or tablet PC’s (e.g., Apple® iPad, Samsung® Galaxy Tab), telephones, Smart phones (e.g., Apple® iPhone, Android-enabled device, Blackberry®), or personal digital assistants. The user can access the computer system 200c via a network.

[0165] The systems, the methods, the devices, and the techniques as described herein can be implemented by way of machine (e.g., computer processor) executable code stored on an electronic storage location of the computer system 200c, such as, for example, on the memory or electronic storage unit. The machine executable or machine readable code can be provided in the form of software. During use, the code can be executed by the CPU 144. In some cases, the code can be retrieved from the storage unit and stored on the memory for ready access by the CPU 144. In some situations, the electronic storage unit can be precluded, and machine-executable instructions are stored on memory.

[0166] The code can be pre-compiled and configured for use with a machine having a processer adapted to execute the code, or can be compiled during runtime. The code can be supplied in a programming language that can be selected to enable the code to execute in a pre-compiled or as- compiled fashion.

[0167] Aspects of the systems and methods provided herein, such as the computer system 200c, can be embodied in programming. Various aspects of the technology may be thought of as “products” or “articles of manufacture” typically in the form of machine (or processor) executable code and / or associated data that is carried on or embodied in a type of machine readable medium. Machine-executable code can be stored on an electronic storage unit, such as memory (e.g., read-only memory, random-access memory, flash memory) or a hard disk. “Storage” type media can include any or all of the tangible memory of the computers, processors or the like, or associated modules thereof, such as various semiconductor memories, tape drives, disk drives and the like, which may provide non-transitory storage at any time for the softwareprogramming. All or portions of the software may at times be communicated through the Internet or various other telecommunication networks. Such communications, for example, may enable loading of the software from one computer or processor into another, for example, from a management server or host computer into the computer platform of an application server. Thus, another type of media that may bear the software elements includes optical, electrical and electromagnetic waves, such as used across physical interfaces between local devices, through wired and optical landline networks and over various air-links. The physical elements that carry such waves, such as wired or wireless links, optical links or the like, also may be considered as media bearing the software. As used herein, unless restricted to non-transitory, tangible “storage” media, terms such as computer or machine “readable medium” refer to any medium that participates in providing instructions to a processor for execution.

[0168] Hence, a machine readable medium, such as computer-executable code, may take many forms, including but not limited to, a tangible storage medium, a carrier wave medium or physical transmission medium. Non-volatile storage media include, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as any of the storage devices in any computer(s) or the like, such as may be used to implement the databases, etc. shown in the drawings. Volatile storage media include dynamic memory, such as main memory of such a computer platform. Tangible transmission media include coaxial cables; copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise a bus within a computer system. Carrier-wave transmission media may take the form of electric or electromagnetic signals, or acoustic or light waves such as those generated during radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) data communications. Common forms of computer-readable media therefore include for example: a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, DVD or DVD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch cards paper tape, any other physical storage medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a ROM, a PROM and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave transporting data or instructions, cables or links transporting such a carrier wave, or any other medium from which a computer may read programming code and / or data. Many of these forms of computer readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions to a processor for execution.

[0169] The computer system 200c can include or be in communication with an electronic display (e.g., a display 1520 of FIG. 17) that comprises a user interface (UI) (e.g., a user interface 1522 of FIG. 17) for providing, for example, feedback on the user’s performance with the device. Examples of UFs include, without limitation, a graphical user interface (GUI) and web-based user interface.

[0170] Methods and systems of the present disclosure can be implemented by way of one or more algorithms. An algorithm can be implemented by way of software upon execution by the CPU 144. The algorithm can, for example, warn the user when the charge is running low or alter the function of the computer system 200c to allow for external power 112 charging when available.

[0171] In some cases, the system may comprise a mechanism for short-range wireless communication. Short-range may mean it is able to communicate with other devices within 1 centimeter (cm), 2 cm, about 3 cm, about 4 cm, about 5 cm, about 6 cm, about 7 cm, about 8 cm, about 9 cm, about 10 cm, about 25 cm, about 50 cm, about 100 cm, about 250 cm, about or 1,000 cm of the system. The system may comprise a Bluetooth® transceiver, and infrared transceiver, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) device, or a near-field communication (NFC) device, among other mechanisms for short-range wireless communication. These short-range wireless communication devices may, by means of wireless communication, direct other devices to a unique domain address associated with the specific system which the short-range wireless communication device is associated with. This unique domain address may act as a digital tag for the specific system. This unique domain address may keep track of various uses, measurements, statistics, or tracking information of an embodiment disclosed herein such as medals and badges earned by user, step count, carbon offset, date of issue, and serial code, among others. This unique domain address may be associated with distributed ledger technology such as blockchain technology to be decentralized, self-operating, and self-updating. The unique domain address may be a decentralized application (dApp), a regular internet domain, or Interplanetary File System (IPFS) domain.

[0172] FIG. 29 illustrates another example of a computer system. Referring to FIG. 29, a block diagram is shown depicting an example machine that includes a computer system 2900 (e.g., a processing or computing system) within which a set of instructions can execute for causing a device to perform or execute any one or more of the methods or techniques for static code scheduling of the present disclosure. In some cases, one or more components of FIGs. 2A-2E may be included in or may be implemented by one or more components of the computer system 2900. The components in FIG. 29 are examples and do not limit the scope of use or functionality of any hardware, software, embedded logic component, or a combination of two or more such components with particular implementations.

[0173] Computer system 2900 may include one or more processors 2901, a memory 2903, and a storage 2908 that communicate with each other, and with other components, via a bus 2940. The bus 2940 may also link a display 2932, one or more input devices 2933 (which may, for example, include a keypad, a keyboard, a mouse, a stylus, etc.), one or more output devices 2934, one ormore storage devices 2935, and various tangible storage media 2936. All of these elements may interface directly or via one or more interfaces or adaptors to the bus 2940. For instance, the various tangible storage media 2936 can interface with the bus 2940 via storage medium interface 2926. Computer system 2900 may have any suitable physical form, including but not limited to one or more integrated circuits (Ics), printed circuit boards (PCBs), mobile handheld devices (such as mobile telephones or PDAs), laptop or notebook computers, distributed computer systems, computing grids, or servers.

[0174] Computer system 2900 includes one or more processors 2907 (e.g., central processing units (CPUs), general purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs), or quantum processing units (QPUs)) that carry out functions. Processors 2901 optionally contains a cache memory unit 2902 for temporary local storage of instructions, data, or computer addresses. Processors 2901 are configured to assist in execution of computer readable instructions. Computer system 2900 may provide functionality for the components depicted in FIG. 29 as a result of the processors 2901 executing non-transitory, processor-executable instructions embodied in one or more tangible computer-readable storage media, such as memory 2903, storage 2908, storage devices 2935, or storage medium 2936. The computer-readable media may store software that implements particular operations, and processors 2901 may execute the software. Memory 2903 may read the software from one or more other computer-readable media (such as mass storage devices 2935, 2936) or from one or more other sources through a suitable interface, such as network interface 2920. The software may cause processors 2901 to carry out one or more processes or one or more operations of one or more processes described or illustrated herein. Carrying out such processes or operations may include defining data structures stored in memory 2903 and modifying the data structures as directed by the software.

[0175] The memory 2903 may include various components (e.g., machine readable media) including, but not limited to, a random access memory component (e.g., RAM 2904) (e.g., static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phasechange random access memory (PRAM), etc.), a read-only memory component (e.g., ROM 2905), and any combinations thereof. ROM 2905 may act to communicate data and instructions unidirectionally to processors 2901, and RAM 2904 may act to communicate data and instructions bidirectionally with processors 2901. ROM 2905 and RAM 2904 may include any suitable tangible computer-readable media described below. In one example, a basic input / output system 2906 (BIOS), including basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer system 2900, such as during start-up, may be stored in the memory 2903.

[0176] Fixed storage 2908 is connected bidirectionally to processors 2901, optionally through storage control unit 2907. Fixed storage 2908 provides additional data storage capacity and mayalso include any suitable tangible computer-readable media. Storage 2908 may be used to store operating system 2909, executables 2910, data 2911, applications 2912 (application programs), and the like. Storage 2908 can also include an optical disk drive, a solid-state memory device (e.g., flash-based systems), or a combination of any of the above. Information in storage 2908 may, in appropriate cases, be incorporated as virtual memory in memory 2903.

[0177] In one example, storage devices 2935 may be removably interfaced with computer system 2900 (e.g., via an external port connector (not shown)) via a storage device interface 2925. Particularly, storage devices 2935 and an associated machine-readable medium may provide nonvolatile or volatile storage of machine-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data for the computer system 2900. In one example, software may reside, completely or partially, within a machine-readable medium on storage devices 2935. In another example, software may reside, completely or partially, within processors 2901.

[0178] Bus 2940 connects a wide variety of subsystems. Herein, reference to a bus may encompass one or more digital signal lines serving a common function, where appropriate. Bus 2940 may be any of several types of bus structures including, but not limited to, a memory bus, a memory controller, a peripheral bus, a local bus, and any combinations thereof, using any of a variety of bus architectures. As an example and not by way of limitation, such architectures include an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, an Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association local bus (VLB), a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, a PCI-Express (PCI-X) bus, an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) bus, HyperTransport (HTX) bus, serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) bus, and any combinations thereof.

[0179] Computer system 2900 may also include an input device 2933. In one example, a user of computer system 2900 may enter commands or other information into computer system 2900 via input devices 2933. Examples of an input devices 2933 include, but are not limited to, an alphanumeric input device (e.g., a keyboard), a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or touchpad), a touchpad, a touch screen, a multi-touch screen, a joystick, a stylus, a gamepad, an audio input device (e.g., a microphone, a voice response system, etc.), an optical scanner, a video or still image capture device (e.g., a camera), and any combinations thereof. In some cases, the input device is a Kinect, Leap Motion, or the like. Input devices 2933 may be interfaced to bus 2940 via any of a variety of input interfaces 2923 (e.g., input interface 2923) including, but not limited to, serial, parallel, game port, USB, FIREWIRE, THUNDERBOLT, or any combination of the above.

[0180] In some cases, when computer system 2900 is connected to network 2930, computer system 2900 may communicate with other devices, specifically mobile devices and enterprisesystems, distributed computing systems, cloud storage systems, cloud computing systems, and the like, connected to network 2930. Communications to and from computer system 2900 may be sent through network interface 2920. For example, network interface 2920 may receive incoming communications (such as requests or responses from other devices) in the form of one or more packets (such as Internet Protocol (IP) packets) from network 2930, and computer system 2900 may store the incoming communications in memory 2903 for processing. Computer system 2900 may similarly store outgoing communications (such as requests or responses to other devices) in the form of one or more packets in memory 2903 and communicated to network 2930 from network interface 2920. Processors 2901 may access these communication packets stored in memory 2903 for processing.

[0181] Examples of the network interface 2920 include, but are not limited to, a network interface card, a modem, and any combination thereof. Examples of a network 2930 or network segment 2930 include, but are not limited to, a distributed computing system, a cloud computing system, a wide area network (WAN) (e.g., the Internet, an enterprise network), a local area network (LAN) (e.g., a network associated with an office, a building, a campus or other relatively small geographic space), a telephone network, a direct connection between two computing devices, a peer-to-peer network, and any combinations thereof. A network, such as network 2930, may employ a wired or a wireless mode of communication. In general, any network topology may be used.

[0182] Information and data can be displayed through a display 2932. Examples of a display 2932 include, but are not limited to, a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD), an organic liquid crystal display (OLED) such as a passive-matrix OLED (PMOLED) or active-matrix OLED (AMOLED) display, a plasma display, and any combinations thereof. The display 2932 can interface to the processors 2901, memory 2903, and fixed storage 2908, as well as other devices, such as input devices 2933, via the bus 2940. The display 2932 is linked to the bus 2940 via a video interface 2922, and transport of data between the display 2932 and the bus 2940 can be controlled via the graphics control 2921. In some cases, the display is a video projector. In some cases, the display is a head-mounted display (HMD) such as a VR headset. In further cases, suitable VR headsets include, by way of non-limiting examples, HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, Samsung Gear VR, Microsoft HoloLens, Razer OSVR, FOVE VR, Zeiss VR One, Avegant Glyph, Freefly VR headset, and the like. In still further cases, the display is a combination of devices such as those disclosed herein.

[0183] In addition to a display 2932, computer system 2900 may include one or more other peripheral output devices 2934 including, but not limited to, an audio speaker, a printer, a storage device, and any combinations thereof. Such peripheral output devices may be connected to thebus 2940 via an output interface 2924. Examples of an output interface 2924 include, but are not limited to, a serial port, a parallel connection, a USB port, a FIREWIRE port, a THUNDERBOLT port, and any combinations thereof.

[0184] In addition or as an alternative, the computer system 2900 may provide functionality as a result of logic hardwired or otherwise embodied in a circuit, which may operate in place of or together with software to execute one or more processes or one or more operations of one or more processes described or illustrated herein. Reference to software in this disclosure may encompass logic, and reference to logic may encompass software. Moreover, reference to a computer-readable medium may encompass a circuit (such as an IC) storing software for execution, a circuit embodying logic for execution, or both, where appropriate. The present disclosure encompasses any suitable combination of hardware, software, or both.

[0185] Various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm operations described in connection with the examples disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and operations have been described above generally in terms of their functionality.

[0186] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the examples disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0187] The operations of a method, a technique, or an algorithm described in connection with the examples disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by one or more processors, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An example storage medium may be coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside inan ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

[0188] In accordance with the description herein, suitable computing devices include, by way of non-limiting examples, server computers, desktop computers, laptop computers, notebook computers, sub-notebook computers, netbook computers, netpad computers, set-top computers, media streaming devices, handheld computers, Internet appliances, mobile smartphones, tablet computers, personal digital assistants, video game consoles, and vehicles. Select televisions, video players, and digital music players with optional computer network connectivity may be suitable for use in the system. Suitable tablet computers, in various cases, include those with booklet, slate, and convertible configurations.

[0189] In some cases, the computing device includes an operating system configured to perform executable instructions. The operating system is, for example, software, including programs and data, which manages the device’s hardware and provides services for execution of applications. Suitable server operating systems may include, by way of non-limiting examples, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD®, Linux, Apple® Mac OS X Server®, Oracle® Solaris®, Windows Server®, and Novell® NetWare®. Suitable personal computer operating systems may include, by way of non-limiting examples, Microsoft® Windows®, Apple® Mac OS X®, UNIX®, and UNIX-like operating systems such as GNU / Linux®. In some cases, the operating system is provided by cloud computing. Suitable mobile smartphone operating systems may include, by way of nonlimiting examples, Nokia® Symbian® OS, Apple® iOS®, Research In Motion® BlackBerry OS®, Google® Android®, Microsoft® Windows Phone® OS, Microsoft® Windows Mobile® OS, Linux®, and Palm® WebOS®.

[0190] In some cases, the systems, the methods, the computer-readable media, and the techniques the methods, the computer-readable media, and the techniques disclosed herein include one or more non-transitory computer readable storage media encoded with a program including instructions executable by the operating system of an optionally networked computing device. In further cases, a computer readable storage medium is a tangible component of a computing device. In still further cases, a computer readable storage medium is optionally removable from a computing device. In some cases, a computer readable storage medium includes, by way of non-limiting examples, CD-ROMs, DVDs, flash memory devices, solid state memory, magnetic disk drives, magnetic tape drives, optical disk drives, distributed computing systems including cloud computing systems and services, and the like. In some cases, the program and instructions are permanently, substantially permanently, semi -permanently, or non- transitorily encoded on the media.

[0191] In some cases, the systems, the methods, the computer-readable media, and the techniques the methods, the computer-readable media, and the techniques disclosed herein include at least one computer program, or use of the same. A computer program includes a sequence of instructions, executable by one or more processors of the computing device’s CPU, written to perform a specified task. Computer readable instructions may be implemented as program modules, such as functions, objects, APIs, computing data structures, and the like, that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. A computer program may be written in various versions of various languages.

[0192] The functionality of the computer readable instructions may be combined or distributed in various ways across various environments. In some cases, a computer program comprises one sequence of instructions. In some cases, a computer program comprises a plurality of sequences of instructions. In some cases, a computer program is provided from one location. In some cases, a computer program is provided from a plurality of locations. In some cases, a computer program includes one or more software modules. In some cases, a computer program includes, in part or in whole, one or more web applications, one or more mobile applications, one or more standalone applications, one or more web browser plug-ins, extensions, add-ins, or add-ons, or combinations thereof.

[0193] In some cases, a computer program includes a web application. A web application, in various cases, may utilize one or more software frameworks and one or more database systems. In some cases, a web application is created upon a software framework such as Microsoft® .NET or Ruby on Rails (RoR). In some cases, a web application utilizes one or more database systems including, by way of non -limiting examples, relational, non-relational, object oriented, associative, XML, and document oriented database systems. In further cases, suitable relational database systems include, by way of non-limiting examples, Microsoft® SQL Server, mySQL™, and Oracle®. In some cases, a webapplication may be built using Angular on TypeScript. A web application, in some cases, may be written in one or more versions of one or more languages. A web application may be written in one or more markup languages, presentation definition languages, client-side scripting languages, server-side coding languages, database query languages, or combinations thereof. In some cases, a web application is written to some extent in a markup language such as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML), or extensible Markup Language (XML). In some cases, a web application is written to some extent in a presentation definition language such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). In some cases, a web application is written to some extent in a client-side scripting language such as Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX), Flash® ActionScript, JavaScript, or Silverlight®. In some cases, a web application is written to some extent in a server-side codinglanguage such as Active Server Pages (ASP), ColdFusion®, Perl, Java™, JavaServer Pages (JSP), Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), Python™, Ruby, Tel, Smalltalk, WebDNA®, or Groovy. In some cases, a web application is written to some extent in a database query language such as Structured Query Language (SQL). In some cases, a web application integrates enterprise server products such as IBM® Lotus Domino®. In some cases, a web application includes a media player element. In some cases, a media player element utilizes one or more of many suitable multimedia technologies including, by way of non-limiting examples, Adobe® Flash®, HTML 5, Apple® QuickTime®, Microsoft® Silverlight®, Java™, and Unity®.

[0194] In some cases, a computer program includes a mobile application provided to a mobile computing device. In some cases, the mobile application is provided to a mobile computing device at the time it is manufactured. In other cases, the mobile application is provided to a mobile computing device via the computer network disclosed herein.

[0195] In view of the disclosure provided herein, a mobile application may be created using hardware, languages, and development environments known to the art. In some cases, mobile applications are written in several languages. Suitable programming languages may include, by way of non-limiting examples, C, C++, C#, Objective-C, Java™, JavaScript, Pascal, Object Pascal, Python™, Ruby, VB.NET, WML, and XHTML / HTML with or without CSS, or combinations thereof.

[0196] Suitable mobile application development environments are available from several sources. Commercially available development environments include, by way of non-limiting examples, AirplaySDK, alcheMo, Appcelerator®, Celsius, Bedrock, Flash Lite, .NET Compact Framework, Rhomobile, Swift, Kotlin, and WorkLight Mobile Platform. Other development environments are available without cost including, by way of non-limiting examples, Lazarus, MobiFlex, MoSync, and PhoneGap. Also, mobile device manufacturers distribute software developer kits including, by way of non-limiting examples, iPhone and iPad (iOS) SDK, Android™ SDK, BlackBerry® SDK, BREW SDK, Palm® OS SDK, Symbian SDK, webOS SDK, and Windows® Mobile SDK.

[0197] Several commercial forums may be available for distribution of mobile applications including, by way of non-limiting examples, Apple® App Store, Google® Play, Chrome WebStore, BlackBerry® App World, App Store for Palm devices, App Catalog for webOS, Windows® Marketplace for Mobile, Ovi Store for Nokia® devices, and Samsung® Apps.

[0198] In some cases, a computer program includes a standalone application, which is a program that is run as an independent computer process, not an add-on to an existing process, e.g., not a plug-in. Standalone applications may be compiled. A compiler may be a computer programs that transforms source code written in a programming language into binary object code such asassembly language or machine code. Suitable compiled programming languages include, by way of non-limiting examples, C, C++, Objective-C, COBOL, Delphi, Eiffel, Java™, Lisp, Python™, Visual Basic, and VB .NET, or combinations thereof. Compilation is often performed, at least in part, to create an executable program. In some cases, a computer program includes one or more executable complied applications.

[0199] In some cases, the computer program includes a web browser plug-in (e.g., extension, etc.). In computing, a plug-in is one or more software components that add specific functionality to a larger software application. Makers of software applications support plug-ins to enable third- party developers to create abilities which extend an application, to support easily adding new features, and to reduce the size of an application. When supported, plug-ins enable customizing the functionality of a software application. For example, plug-ins are commonly used in web browsers to play video, generate interactivity, scan for viruses, and display particular file types. Web browser plug-ins may include Adobe® Flash® Player, Microsoft® Silverlight®, and Apple® QuickTime®. In some cases, the toolbar comprises one or more web browser extensions, add-ins, or add-ons. In some cases, the toolbar comprises one or more explorer bars, tool bands, or desk bands.

[0200] Several plug-in frameworks may be available that enable development of plug-ins in various programming languages, including, by way of non-limiting examples, C++, Delphi, Java™, PHP, Python™, and VB .NET, or combinations thereof.

[0201] Web browsers (also called Internet browsers) are software applications, designed for use with network-connected computing devices, for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. Suitable web browsers include, by way of non-limiting examples, Microsoft® Internet Explorer®, Mozilla® Firefox®, Google® Chrome, Apple® Safari®, Opera Software® Opera®, and KDE Konqueror. In some cases, the web browser is a mobile web browser. Mobile web browsers (also called microbrowsers, mini-browsers, and wireless browsers) are designed for use on mobile computing devices including, by way of non-limiting examples, handheld computers, tablet computers, netbook computers, subnotebook computers, smartphones, music players, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and handheld video game systems. Suitable mobile web browsers include, by way of non-limiting examples, Google® Android® browser, RIM BlackBerry® Browser, Apple® Safari®, Palm® Blazer, Palm® WebOS® Browser, Mozilla® Firefox® for mobile, Microsoft® Internet Explorer® Mobile, Amazon® Kindle® Basic Web, Nokia® Browser, Opera Software® Opera® Mobile, and Sony® PSP™ browser.

[0202] In some cases, the systems, the methods, the computer-readable media, and the techniques disclosed herein include software, server, or database modules, or use of the same.Software modules may be created by techniques using machines, software, and languages. The software modules disclosed herein are implemented in a multitude of ways. In some cases, a software module comprises a file, a section of code, a programming object, a programming structure, a distributed computing resource, a cloud computing resource, or combinations thereof. In some cases, a software module comprises a plurality of files, a plurality of sections of code, a plurality of programming objects, a plurality of programming structures, a plurality of distributed computing resources, a plurality of cloud computing resources, or combinations thereof. In some cases, the one or more software modules comprise, by way of non-limiting examples, a web application, a mobile application, a standalone application, and a distributed or cloud computing application. In some cases, software modules are in one computer program or application. In some cases, software modules are in more than one computer program or application. In some cases, software modules are hosted on one machine. In some cases, software modules are hosted on more than one machine. In some cases, software modules are hosted on a distributed computing platform such as a cloud computing platform. In some cases, software modules are hosted on one or more machines in one location. In some cases, software modules are hosted on one or more machines in more than one location.

[0203] In some cases, the systems, the methods, the computer-readable media, and the techniques disclosed herein include one or more databases, or use of the same. In some cases, various databases may be suitable for storage and retrieval of various types of data (e.g., encrypted, unencrypted, etc.) one or more of which may be historical, present, or future data or information. In some cases, suitable databases include, by way of non-limiting examples, relational databases, non-relational databases, object oriented databases, object databases, entityrelationship model databases, associative databases, XML databases, document oriented databases, and graph databases. Further non-limiting examples include SQL, PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle, DB2, Sybase, and MongoDB. In some cases, a database is Internet-based. In further cases, a database is web-based. In still further cases, a database is cloud computing-based. In a particular case, a database is a distributed database. In other cases, a database is based on one or more local computer storage devices.Example 1: Smart workout, fitness, and sports equipmentSelf-Powered Smart Weight

[0204] A smart weight 820 or 830 that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd or 200, as described herein and illustrated in FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B. The smart weight may be configured to communicate with a smart phone 1520 in order to track performance and fitness and health goals 1522, As illustrated, in FIG. 18. The self-powered smart weights 820 and 830 may be constructed using: amicroprocessor, sensors for measuring weight and motion, the power generating system as described herein for harvesting energy from human motion, a display screen for displaying weightlifting stats, a battery for storing energy and powering the device, wireless transmitters for connecting with computational devices and wearable devices.

[0205] With the integrated power, the weights may not need to be charged (at all, or as often) and the power generated by the integrated system may be used to power sensors 180 and wireless transmitters 110 for: counting reps and sets, tracking weightlifting progress, recording exercises and workouts, displaying weightlifting stats in real-time, analyzing form and technique, providing personalized training programs, integration with fitness apps and wearable devices, etc. The smart weight may function by operations of: a user lifts the smart weight 820 or 830, the power generator 102 harvests energy from motion of the weight being lifted by the user, sensors 108 measure data (e.g., weight, motion, reps, etc.), the microcontroller 130 processes the data, the integrated rechargeable battery 106 stores energy and powers the device, the wireless transmitter 110 connects with computational 1520 and the information is displayed on a screen 1522 and stored in a device.

[0206] The system may further comprise a physical fitness tracking program using the smart weight 820 and 830 having the functionality described herein. The smart weights 820 and smart kettlebells 830 comprise a system 1600 comprising at least one of the tube generators 102, at least one of the electrical circuitry 104, at least one of the wireless transceiver 110, at least one of the battery 106, and at least one of the motion sensor 108 such that when the smart weights 820 or 830 are used in an exercise activity, electrical energy is generated and used to power the sensors 108 and the wireless transceiver 110, position and movement may be tracked by the sensors 108, and information is sent to a computing device 1520 via a wireless transceiver 110. The computing device 1520 may be programed to use the received output of the position of the smart weights 820 and 830 to calculate the user’s 530 exercise statistics, display the statistics 1522, and save the data on the computing device 1520.

[0207] Additional examples of integration of the systems, the methods, the computer-readable media, and the techniques disclosed herein with workout or gym equipment are illustrated in FIGs. 26A and 26B. FIG. 26A illustrates an example of a wheel of gym equipment with tubular generators; and FIG. 26B illustrates another example of a wheel of gym equipment with tubular generators. Specifically, FIG. 26A depicts a plurality of tubular generators positioned on a wheel of an elliptical machine. The tubular generators in FIG. 26A may be the same as or similar to the tubular generators disclosed herein (e.g., in FIGs. 3A-3C). FIG. 25 illustrates a more detailed view of how tubular generators may be positioned on a wheel. Alternatively, FIG. 26B depicts two triangular configurations of three tubular generators positioned on a wheel of an ellipticalmachine that may be the same as or similar to the two triangular configurations of three tubular generators 2000 of FIG. 21B.Self-Powered Smart Snowboard

[0208] A smart snowboard 1120 that is powered, completely or in part, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 13B. This smart snowboard 1120 may enhance the snowboarding experience by incorporating features such as tracking performance data, navigation, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart snowboard 1120 may be able to track performance by collecting data on speed, airtime, turns, and other metrics to help snowboarders using onboard sensors. The smart snowboard 1120 may be able to provide real-time information about the location, trail maps, and conditions to help snowboarders navigate the mountain by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart snowboard 1120 may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services. The smart snowboard 1120 may allow snowboarders to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart snowboard 1120 to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18).

[0209] The self-powered smart snowboard 1120 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting performance data, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Self-Powered Smart Skateboard

[0210] A smart skateboard 1110 that is powered (e.g., completely or partially) by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 13A. This smart skateboard 1110 may enhance the skateboarding experience by incorporating features such as tracking performance data, navigation, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C).The smart skateboard 1110 may be able to track performance by collecting data on speed, airtime, turns, and other metrics to help skaters using onboard sensors. The smart skateboard 1110 may be able to provide real-time information about the location, city, and weather conditions to help skaters navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart skateboard 1110 may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services or for recovering a stolen skateboard. The smart skateboard 1110 may allow skaters to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart skateboard 1110 to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18).

[0211] The self-powered smart skateboard 1110 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130, and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting performance data, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices. Although illustrated as a skateboard, other wheeled devices may integrated the systems, the methods, the computer-readable media, and the techniques disclosed herein, such as, for example, baby strollers, shopping carts, wagons, etc.Self-Powered Sports Ball

[0212] A smart basketball 510, soccer ball 520, football, baseball, etc. that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 200 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B. This smart ball may enhance the sports experience by incorporating features such as tracking performance data, by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmission components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart ball may be able to track performance by collecting data on speed, airtime, position, force, motion and other metrics to help sports players 530 using onboard sensors. The smart ball may be able to provide real-time information about the player’s 530 performance by using sensors 108 and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart ball may have educational features that analyze the sensor data to provide feedback to the player to improve their performance through their computing device. The smart ball may allow sports players 530 to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smartball to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18).

[0213] The self-powered smart ball may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 200 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and other sensors for collecting performance data, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.

[0214] The self-powered smart ball may further be programed to interact with smart shoes 300 as described elsewhere in this application As illustrated, in FIG. 7C. The information and communication of the smart ball and the smart shoes may provide even deeper analysis of the performance statistics and enhance the performance of the player 530.Self-Powered Sports Equipment

[0215] A smart tennis racket 420, baseball bat 410, football pads, or lacrosse stick that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B. This smart equipment may enhance the sports experience by incorporating features such as tracking performance data, by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart equipment may be able to track performance by collecting data on speed, airtime, position, force, motion and other metrics to help sports players 530 using onboard sensors. The smart equipment may be able to provide realtime information about the player’s 530 performance by using sensors 108 and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart equipment may have educational features that analyze the sensor data to provide feedback to the player to improve their performance through their computing device. The smart equipment may allow sports players 530 to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart equipment to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18).

[0216] The self-powered smart equipment may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 200 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes,and other sensors for collecting performance data, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Self-Powered Bicycle

[0217] A smart bicycle 1000 that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 12A. This smart bicycle 1000 may comprise pedal shafts 1010 that also may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 12B. This smart bicycle 1000 may enhance the biking experience by incorporating features such as tracking performance data, navigation, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart bicycle 1000 may be able to track performance by collecting data on speed, turns, pedal rate and other metrics to help bikers using onboard sensors. The smart bicycle 1000 may be able to provide real-time information about the location, maps, and weather conditions to help bikers navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart bicycle 1000 may have safety features such as lights integrated in the pedal shaft 1012 and lights integrated into the pedals 1022, automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services. The smart bicycle 1000 may allow bikers to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart bicycle 1000 to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18).

[0218] The self-powered smart bicycle 1000 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting performance data, lights 1012 and 1022, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.

[0219] Additional examples of integrations of the systems, the methods, the computer-readable media, and the techniques disclosed herein into bicycles are depicted in FIGs. 27A and 27B. FIG. 27A illustrates an example of a wheel of a bicycle with tubular generators; and FIG. 27B illustrates another example of a wheel of a bicycle with tubular generators. Specifically, FIG. 27A depicts four curved tubular generators positioned on each wheel of a bicycle. The curvedtubular generators in FIG. 27A may be the same as or similar to the curved tubular generator 1700 of FIG. 19A. Alternatively, FIG. 27B depicts two triangular configurations of three tubular generators on each wheel of a bicycle that may be the same as or similar to the two triangular configurations of three tubular generators 2000 of FIG. 21B.Self-Powered Surfboard

[0220] A smart surfboard 610 that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 8A. This smart surfboard 610 may enhance the surfing experience by incorporating features such as tracking performance data, navigation, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart surfboard 610 may be able to track performance by collecting data on speed, airtime, turns, and other metrics to help surfers using onboard sensors. The smart surfboard 610 may be able to provide real-time information about the location, ocean and beach maps, and weather conditions to help surfers navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart surfboard 610 may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services. The smart surfboard 610 may allow surfers to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart surfboard 610 to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18).

[0221] The self-powered smart surfboard 610 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting performance data, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Self-Powered Jet Ski

[0222] A smart jet ski 620 that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 8B. This smart jet ski 620 may enhance the surfing experience by incorporating features such as tracking performance data, navigation, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which maybe the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart jet ski 620 may be able to track performance by collecting data on speed, airtime, turns, and other metrics to help surfers using onboard sensors. The smart surfboard 610 may be able to provide real-time information about the location, ocean and beach maps, and weather conditions to help surfers navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart jet ski 620 may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services. The smart jet ski 620 may allow surfers to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart surfboard to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18).

[0223] The self-powered smart jet ski 620 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting performance data, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Example 2: Smart clothes and smart accessoriesSelf-Powered Smart Shoes

[0224] A smart shoe 300a that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 4A-FIG. 4F. The shoe may take on multiple different forms such as a smart athletic shoe 300b illustrated in FIG. 5A or a smart boot 300c illustrated in FIG. 5B. This smart shoe 300a may enhance the exercise or hiking experience by incorporating features such as tracking performance data, navigation, health and fitness data, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart shoe 300a may be able to track performance by collecting data on location, speed, calories used, pace, stride, impact, and other metrics to help people using onboard sensors. The smart shoe 300a may be able to provide real-time information about the location, city or hike maps, and weather conditions to help people navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart shoe 300a may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signalbeacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services if the person is in a remote location. The smart shoe 300a may allow people to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart shoe to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18). The smart shoe 300a may comprise multiple different output devices that may provide additional function to the shoe. For example, the smart shoes may comprise vibration haptic feedback motors 160 for use with VR / AR / XR systems As illustrated, in FIG. 11A and FIG. 4E, lights 164, As illustrated, in FIG. 4D, to allow a user 530 to safely navigate in the dark, entertain themselves and others, or enhance an VR / AR / XR system experience, a heating elements 162 to keep the user’s 530 feet warm As illustrated, in FIG. 4F and FIG. 4G, or a combination thereof.

[0225] The smart shoes 300a may integrate a system that involves a distributed ledger technology. As the user 530 walks around in the smart shoe 300a, the smart shoe 300a may use the power generated to power a CPU 144 that uses a wireless transceiver 142 to communicate with a blockchain. The CPU 144 may be configured to perform a proof-of-work consensus algorithm to verify blockchain addition, through which the user 530 may be rewarded with transaction fee for the verification, also known as cryptocurrency mining. The blockchain may be associated with a cryptocurrency, a non-fungible token, or other form of digital currency. The CPU 144 may be configured to tokenize the user data generated from the use of the smart shoe 300a, such as the location data, the time data, or the speed data, among other information. User 530 may then be able to add such tokens onto a blockchain and may be able to share or monetize the tokens.

[0226] The self-powered smart shoe may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting performance data, output devices for increased functionality such as vibration haptic feedback motors 160, lights 164 and a heating elements 162, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.

[0227] In some cases, the smart shoes 300a are designed to capitalize on the natural gait cycle of a person to generate electricity efficiently. Normal walking speeds may range from approximately 3.6 to 4.5 km / h, with a gait cycle averaging around 60 cycles per minute. The smart shoes 300a can utilize the different phases of the gait cycle to optimize power generation: heel strike phase, midstance phase, push-off phase, and swing phase. Heel Strike Phase (0 to 15% of Gait Cycle): During heel strike, significant force is exerted on the heel, this force initiatesor accelerates the magnet's movement, generating an initial burst of electrical energy. Midstance Phase (15 to 30% of Gait Cycle): body weight is transferred over the stationary foot, stabilizing the magnet's movement within the tube and allowing for energy collection. Push-Off Phase (30 to 45% of Gait Cycle): as the foot pushes off the ground, increased force and motion accelerate the magnet further, producing additional electrical energy. Swing Phase (45 to 60% of Gait Cycle): acceleration of the swinging leg maintains the magnet's momentum, ensuring continuous electricity generation. By harnessing these phases (e.g., via being configured to have improved performance for one or more of these phases), the smart shoes 300a effectively converts natural walking movements into electrical energy.

[0228] In some cases, the smart shoes 300a may provide certain monitoring or sensing capabilities. For example, the smart shoes 300a, powered at least in part by gait, may provide microfluidic and touch-based sweat glucose level monitoring. Glucose levels may be monitored by the smart shoes 300a using a combination of microfluidic sensors and a touch-based electrochemical sensor, such as with a polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, powered by gait-generated energy. Another example may monitor glucose levels via biocompatible sensors configured to conform to the contours of the foot or ankle. In some cases, this sensing data (e.g., glucose level data) may be wirelessly transmitted from the smart shoes 300a to a mobile device (e.g., incorporating real-time monitoring and alert capabilities). While disclosed herein with respect to the smart shoes 300a, the monitoring or sensing capabilities may be extended to one or more of the applications disclosed herein. Advantageously, the integration of glucose level monitoring into the smart shoe 300a may be useful for people having diabetes to easily and passively track their health.Self-Powered Smart Belt

[0229] A smart belt that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein. This smart belt may enhance the exercise or hiking experience by incorporating features such as tracking performance data, navigation, health and fitness data, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart belt may be able to track performance by collecting data on location, heartrate, speed, calories used, temperature, pulse oxygenation and other metrics to help people using onboard sensors. The smart belt may be able to provide real-time information about the location, city or hike maps, and weather conditions to help people navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. Thesmart belt may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services if the person is in a remote location. The smart belt may allow people to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart belt to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18). The smart belt may comprise an motor that is configured to wind the strap of the belt into the belt buckle. The motor may be engaged by pressing a button on the buckle and may be an electrical or mechanical motor. The motor may be configured to eject the strap of the belt from the buckle when a second button is pressed.

[0230] The self-powered smart belt may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, a motor to control movement of the smart belt, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting performance data, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Self-Powered Wearable Face Mask

[0231] A smart face mask that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein. This smart face mask may enhance everyday life, exercise or hiking experience by incorporating features such as tracking performance data, navigation, environmental conditions such as air particulate, health and fitness data, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart face mask may be able to track performance by collecting data on location, heartrate, speed, calories used, temperature, pulse oxygenation and other metrics to help people using onboard sensors. The smart face mask may be able to provide real-time information about the location, city or hike maps, and weather conditions to help people navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart face mask may have safety features such as emergency filters, automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services if the person is in a remote location. The smart face mask may allow people to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart face mask to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18).

[0232] The smart face mask may be used to detect the air quality and determine the safety of the individual wearing the mask. In addition, the mask may comprise components that can be activated to mitigate certain detected dangers in the air quality. The dangers that the smart face mask is configured to detect may be physical, chemical, biochemical, or biological. This may include poisonous particulate matter, viruses, or bacteria. The CPU 144 may be configured to analyze the data from the sensors 108 and determine the danger. The CPU 144 may be further configured to activate specific countermeasures such as engaging specific types or forms of filter in order to actively mitigate the detected hazard. The smart face mask may include a wireless transmission element to transmit the data regarding air quality and detection events to a computational device for transmission of warnings to others, display, and storage.

[0233] The self-powered smart face mask may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, photodetectors and other sensors for collecting performance data, environmental data, and detecting airborne hazards, speakers 168 to allow for voice assistance and communication, a microphone for voice assistance and communication, vibrators or a haptic feedback system 160, a variety of filters, for example HEPA filters which may be able to be engaged and disengaged, and a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Self-Powered Smart Helmet

[0234] A smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 14A, FIG. 14B, FIG. 14C, and FIG. 14D. This smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 may enhance the military, biking, or outdoor experience by incorporating features such as tracking performance data, navigation, health and fitness data, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 may be able to track performance or safety by collecting data on location, heartrate, speed, calories used, temperature, pulse oxygenation and other metrics to help people using onboard sensors. The smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 may be able to provide real-time information about the location, city or hike maps, and weather conditions to help people navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and onboard screen that displays onto the visor of the smart helmet or wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 may have safetyfeatures such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services. The smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 may allow people to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18). The smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 may be used as part of an AR / VR / XR system. The smart helmet may integrate haptic feedback systems to provide vibrations to the user 530. The screen of the smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 may function as a screen onto which the augmented component of the AR / VR / XR system is displayed. The smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 may comprise a wireless transceiver 142 to communicate with other devices including AR / VR / XR systems.

[0235] The smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 may be used to detect the air quality and determine the safety of the individual wearing the mask. In addition, the smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 may comprise components that can be activated to mitigate certain detected dangers in the air quality. The dangers that the smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 is configured to detect may be physical, chemical, biochemical, or biological. This may include poisonous particulate matter, viruses, or bacteria. The CPU 144 may be configured to analyze the data from the sensors 108 and determine the danger. The CPU 144 may be further configured to activate specific countermeasures such as engaging specific types or forms of filter in order to actively mitigate the detected hazard. The smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 may include a wireless transmission element to transmit the data regarding air quality and detection events to a computational device for transmission of warnings to others, display, and storage.

[0236] The self-powered smart helmet 1210, 1220, and 1230 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting performance data, environmental data, and detecting airborne hazards, speakers 168 to allow for voice assistance and communication, a microphone for voice assistance and communication, vibrators or a haptic feedback system 160, a variety of filters, for example HEPA filters which may be able to be engaged and disengaged. Self-Powered Smart Sunglasses

[0237] A smart pair of sunglasses 940 that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG HE. This smart sunglasses 940 may enhance the exercise or hiking experience by incorporating featuressuch as tracking performance data, navigation, health and fitness data, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart sunglasses 940 may be able to track performance by collecting data on location, heartrate, speed, calories used, temperature, pulse oxygenation and other metrics to help people using onboard sensors. The smart sunglasses 940 may be able to provide real-time information about the location, city or hike maps, and weather conditions to help people navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart sunglasses 940 may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services. The smart sunglasses 940 may allow people to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart sunglasses to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18). The smart sunglasses 940 may be part of an extended reality (XR), virtual reality (VR), or augmented reality (AR) system which may be paired with handheld controllers such as those illustrated in FIG. 11C or FIG. 11D. The smart sunglasses 940 may communicate with the other components of the VR / AR / XR system through the wireless transceiver and display the information on the lenses of the smart sunglasses 940.

[0238] The self-powered smart sunglasses 940 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting performance data, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Self-Powered Smart Pet Collar

[0239] A smart pet collar that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein. This smart pet collar may enhance the pet ownership experience by incorporating features such as tracking location, health, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart pet collar may be able to track the health and safety of the pet by collecting data on location, heartrate, speed, calories used, temperature, pulse oxygenation and other metrics using onboard sensors. The smart pet collar may be able toprovide real-time information about the location to help people know the location of their pet by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart pet collar may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services. The smart pet collar may allow people to share their pet’s data and statistics with friends or veterinarians on social media or over the internet using the data collected and transmitted from the smart pet collar to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18).

[0240] The self-powered smart pet collar may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting performance data, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Self-Powered Camera

[0241] A camera that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein. This smart wearable camera may enhance the exercise or hiking experience by incorporating features such as tracking performance data, navigation, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart wearable camera may be able to track performance by collecting data on location, speed, and other metrics while also capturing images or video of the experience using onboard sensors. The camera may be able to provide real-time information about the location, maps, and weather conditions to help people navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The camera may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services or if the smart camera has been lost or stolen. The camera may allow people to share their performance data and statistics along with the picture or video with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the camera to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18). The camera may be a wearable camera, or attachable to other wearable devices. The camera may be embedded in clothing or accessories such as a vest, hat, bag, or other common wearable or portable objects.

[0242] The self-powered camera may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting performance data, a transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices, and a camera. In some cases, the camera may be an action camera (e.g., a GoPro) or a military camera or the like that experiences frequent movement. Advantageously, this frequent movement may help provide power via the tube generators disclosed herein.Self-Powered Smart Hat

[0243] A smart hat that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein. This smart hat may enhance the exercise or hiking experience by incorporating features such as tracking performance data, navigation, health and fitness data, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart hat may be able to track performance by collecting data on location, heartrate, speed, calories used, temperature, pulse oxygenation and other metrics to help people using onboard sensors. The smart hat may be able to provide real-time information about the location, city or hike maps, and weather conditions to help people navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart hat may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services if the person is in a remote location. The smart hat may allow people to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart hat to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18).

[0244] The self-powered smart hat may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting performance data, vibrators to allow for haptic feedback systems, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Self-Powered Smart Keychain

[0245] A smart keychain that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein. This smart key chain may enhance the exercise or hiking or everyday experience by incorporating features such as tracking navigation, fitness data, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart key chain may be able to track performance by collecting data on location, speed, and other metrics to help people using onboard sensors. The smart keychain may be able to provide real-time information about the location, city or hike maps, and weather conditions to help people navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart keychain may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services. The smart keychain may be able to provide identification or unlocking features by integrating an NFC or RFID signal component. The smart keychain may allow people to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart keychain to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18).

[0246] The self-powered smart keychain may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting performance data, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices such as RFIDs and NFC transmission components.Self-Powered Vest

[0247] A smart vest that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein. This smart vest may enhance everyday life, exercise or hiking experience by incorporating features such as tracking performance data, navigation, environmental conditions such, health data, fitness data, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart vest may be able to track performance by collecting data on location, heartrate, speed, calories used, temperature, pulse oxygenation, andother metrics to help people using onboard sensors. The smart vest may be able to provide realtime information about the location, city or hike maps, and weather conditions to help people navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart vest may have safety features such as emergency lights, automatic transmission of emergency situations, and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services if the person is in a remote location. The smart vest may allow people to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart vest to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18). The smart vest may be integrated into an XR / VR / AR system, such as one exemplified in FIG. 11 A. This may allow users 530 to have a heightened experience by integrating spatial sounds, feelings, location sensing, lights, and other components into the smart vest systems.

[0248] The self-powered smart vest may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1 A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, photodetectors and other sensors for collecting performance data, environmental data, and positional data, speakers 168 to allow for voice assistance and communication, a microphone for voice assistance and communication, vibrators or a haptic feedback system 160, and a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other deviceExample 3: Smart monitorins equipmentSelf-Powered Ocean Monitoring Device

[0249] A smart ocean monitoring buoy 630 that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 8C. This smart ocean monitoring buoy 630 may allow for complex long term monitoring of remote oceanic or aquatic areas by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart ocean monitoring buoy 630 may be able to track environmental data by collecting data on location, wind speed, water speed, tides, weather, salinity, UV levels, pH, biological or material compositions, other metrics that may be helpful for monitoring environmental conditions using onboard sensors. The smart ocean monitoring buoy 630 may be able to provide real-time information about the location and conditions to help people better monitor the environment byusing an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart ocean monitoring buoy 630 may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by recovery services. The smart ocean monitoring buoy 630 may allow people to share the environmental condition data and statistics with the public on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart ocean monitoring buoy 630 to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18).

[0250] The self-powered smart ocean monitoring buoy 630 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting environmental data, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Example 4: Smart toysSelf-Powered Smart Kid’s Toy

[0251] A smart toy 1410 and 1420 that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 16A- FIG.16D. This smart toy 1410 and 1420 may allow for enhanced play and interaction by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The toy 1410 and 1420 may be able to track behavioral data by collecting data on location, play time, movement, interaction and other metrics that may be helpful for creating better toys and provide information to parents and teachers. The smart toy 1410 and 1420 may be able to provide real-time information about the conditions and activities to help people better monitor children by using an onboard sensors and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart toy 1410 and 1420 may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating. The smart toy 1410 and 1420 may also be programed to activate the toy to interact with the children during play. The toy 1410 and 1420 may comprise a speaker 1422 to communicate with the child during play or lights 1412 to power during active play.

[0252] The self-powered smart toy 1410 and 1420 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, , and other sensors for collecting interactive data, speakers 1422, lights 1412, and other interactive output devices, and a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.

[0253] Although illustrated as a toy rocket, the systems, the methods, the computer-readable media, and the techniques disclosed herein may be integrated into other handheld objects, such as, for example, a game controller (e.g., a controller designed for use, such as the Nintendo Wii or the like), a handheld lighter, a smartphone, a radio, etc.Self-Powered Smart Speaker

[0254] A smart speaker 730 that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 9B. This smart speaker 730 may allow for enhanced play and interaction by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The speaker 730 may be able to be programed to play certain music or respond with specific response to preprogramed conditions. The smart speaker 730 may be able to provide real-time information about the conditions and activities to help people better monitor children by using onboard sensors and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart speaker 730 may comprise an input port 732 that allows a person to directly play music or sounds from another device. The smart speaker may be able to understand and respond to verbal commands of the user, either through an integrated program or through wireless communication with a voice assistant or artificial intelligence system.

[0255] The self-powered smart speaker 730 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and other sensors for collecting data, speakers 168, haptic vibrators 160, one or more microphones, and a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Self-Powered Smart Drumstick

[0256] A smart drumstick that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 16A-FIG.16D.This smart drumstick may allow for enhanced interaction and performance tracking by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The drumstick may be able to track performance data by collecting data on movement, acceleration, timing, precision, orientation, and other metrics that may be helpful for providing feedback to a drummer to improve their performance or enhance a performance. The smart drumstick may be able to provide real-time information about the performance to activate performance enhancing devices such as fireworks, lights, cameras, or others by using an onboard sensors and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to control the performance enhancing devices. The smart drumstick may allow users 530 to play games which may involve an AR / VR / XR system. The smart drumstick may be used to allow users 530 to experience immersive simulations.

[0257] The self-powered smart drumstick may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, , and other sensors for collecting performance data, other interactive output devices, and a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Self-Powered Virtual Reality or Augmented Realty System

[0258] A smart VR / AR / XR system that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 11A-E and FIG. 17. The smart VR / AR / XR system may comprise a headset 910, handheld controllers 920 and 930, and smart shoes 300. Each of these components may individually or together comprise an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd . This smart VR / AR / XR system may allow for enhanced interaction and body tracking by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The VR / AR / XR system may be able to track performance data by collecting data on movement, acceleration, timing, precision, orientation, and other metrics that may be helpful for providing feedback to a user 530 or a VR / AR / XR system to improve their performance or enhance an experience. The smart VR / AR / XR system may be able to provide real-time information 1522 about the performance to track the user’s 530 experience by using an onboard sensors and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device 1520 to control the VR / AR / XR system devices.

[0259] The self-powered smart VR / AR / XR system may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the system into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and other sensors for collecting performance data, other interactive output devices, speakers 168, haptic vibrators 160, one or more microphones, and a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting 1512 to other devices.Example 5: Smart storage devices and equipmentSelf-Powered Portable Water Filter Bottle

[0260] A smart portable water filter bottle that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein. This smart portable water filter bottle may allow for enhanced hiking and camping tracking by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The portable water filter bottle may be able to track performance data by collecting data on movement, location, weather, volume of water consumed, quality of water pumped through the filter, and other metrics that may be helpful for ensuring the health and safety of a hiker or camper. The smart portable water filter bottle may be able to provide real-time information about the location, local maps, and weather conditions to help people navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart portable water filter bottle may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating by emergency services. The smart portable water filter bottle may be able to use the power generated to power a water filter to allow for a hiker or camper to pump water from the environment through a filter to create potable water for consumption. The smart portable water filter bottle may be able assess the quality of the water using the onboard sensors 108 to ensure the safety of the water.

[0261] The self-powered smart portable water filter bottle may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, pH sensors, optical sensors, and other sensors for collecting performance and safetydata, a water pump, water filters, and a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Self-Powered Smart Lock

[0262] A smart lock 1050 that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 12C. This smart lock 1050 may allow for enhanced security by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart lock 1050 may be able to collect data on movement, location, activity, and other metrics that may be helpful for ensuring the security of the locked item or location. The smart lock 1050 may be able to provide real-time information about the location, and lock condition (i.e., opened or closed) to help people keep track of their security using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart lock 1050 may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations like if the lock sense an attempt to break it open and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating. Although illustrated as a bicycle lock, the smart lock 1050 may be embodied as any number of locks (e.g., door locks, vehicle locks, etc.).

[0263] The self-powered smart lock 1050 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and other sensors for collecting location and safety data, and a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Self-Powered Smart Luggage

[0264] A smart luggage 1330 that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 15C. This smart luggage 1330 may allow for enhanced security by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart luggage 1330 may be able to collect data on movement, location, activity, and other metrics that may be helpful for ensuring the security of the luggage or the luggage’s location. The luggage 1330 may be able to provide real-time information about the location, and condition (i.e., opened or closed) to help people keep track of their security using an onboard GPStransmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart luggage 1330 may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations like if there is an attempt to break it open and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating.

[0265] The self-powered smart luggage 1330 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and other sensors for collecting location and safety data, and a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Self-Powered Smart Wallet

[0266] A smart wallet that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein. This smart wallet may enhance the exercise or hiking or everyday experience by incorporating features such as tracking navigation, fitness data, and safety features by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart wallet may be able to track performance by collecting data on location, speed, and other metrics to help people using onboard sensors. The smart wallet may be able to provide real-time information about the location, city or hike maps, and weather conditions to help people navigate by using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart wallet may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating. The smart wallet may be able to provide identification or unlocking features by integrating an NFC or RFID signal component. The smart wallet may allow people to share their performance data and statistics with others (e.g., friends) on social media using the data collected and transmitted from the smart wallet to a computing device (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 1520 of FIG. 18).

[0267] The self-powered smart wallet may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and other sensors for collecting performance data, a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices such as RFIDs and NFC transmission components.Self-Powered Smart Backpack

[0268] A smart backpack 700 that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 9A. This smart backpack 700 may allow for enhanced security by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart backpack 700 may be able to collect data on movement, location, activity, and other metrics that may be helpful for ensuring the security of the luggage or the luggage’s location. The smart backpack 700 may be able to have enhanced security by integrating a lock 710 with a keypad or fingerprint pad for unlocking the smart backpack powered by the electrical generation system. The smart backpack 700 may be able to provide real-time information about the location, and condition (i.e., opened or closed) to help people keep track of their security using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart backpack 700 may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations like if there is an attempt to break it open and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating. The smart backpack 700 may have features that enhance the use of the backpack such as a speaker 720 to play music or a screen 136 to interact with the other onboard components that may be powered by the electrical generation system 100.

[0269] The self-powered smart backpack 700 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and other sensors for collecting location and safety data, an interactive screen 136, a speaker 720, a lock 710 with an integrated keypad or fingerprint pad 712, a solar panel 136 integrated into the circuitry, a second researchable removable battery 166, charging ports, such as a USB -C or a lighting port operatively connected to the microcontroller 130, and a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Self-Powered Smart Briefcase

[0270] A smart briefcase 1310 that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 15A. This smart briefcase 1310 may allow for enhanced security by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). Thesmart briefcase 1310 may be able to collect data on movement, location, activity, and other metrics that may be helpful for ensuring the security of the luggage or the luggage’s location. The smart briefcase 1310 may be able to provide real-time information about the location, and condition (i.e., opened or closed) to help people keep track of their security using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart briefcase 1310 may have safety features such as automatic transmission of emergency situations like if there is an attempt to break it open and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating.

[0271] The self-powered smart briefcase 1310 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and other sensors for collecting location and safety data, and a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.

[0272] In some cases, the smart briefcase 1310 may be expanded to include portable tube generators configured to move separate from the smart briefcase 1310. For example, FIGs. 28A and 28B illustrate examples of a portable tube generators attached to the outside of a bag. Attachment can be a hook, spring, elastic, etc. to increase motion of portable tube generator charger, when someone walks with the bag. Attachment may alternatively be via being placed inside a pocket. The systems, the methods, the computer-readable media, and the techniques disclosed herein may be applied to numerous bags, such as, for example, backpacks, briefcases, luggage, fanny packs, lunch boxes, coolers, shopping bags, etc.Self-Powered Smart Duffle Bag

[0273] A smart duffle bag 1320 that is powered, completely or partially, by motion may be constructed comprising an electrical generation system 100 that may be the same as or similar to the electrical generation systems lOOa-lOOd described herein As illustrated, in FIG. 15B. This smart duffle bag 1320 may allow for enhanced security by integrating sensors (which may be the same as or similar to the sensors 108 of FIG. 2C) and wireless transmissions components (which may be the same as or similar to the wireless transmissions components 110 of FIG. 2C). The smart duffle bag 1320 may be able to collect data on movement, location, activity, and other metrics that may be helpful for ensuring the security of the duffle bag or the duffle bag’s location. The smart duffle bag 1320 may be able to provide real-time information about the location, and condition (i.e., opened or closed) to help people keep track of their security using an onboard GPS transmitter and wireless transceiver 142 to connect to a computing device to display the information. The smart duffle bag 1320 may have safety features such as automatictransmission of emergency situations like if there is an attempt to break it open and a signal beacon to allow for easy locating.

[0274] The self-powered smart duffle bag 1320 may be made with the following hardware components: an electrical generation system 100 (e.g., as described herein with respect to FIGs. 1A-1E) for converting motion of the board into electricity, a microcontroller 130 and memory for processing and storing data from the sensors, sensors 108 such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and other sensors for collecting location and safety data, and a wireless transmission module 110 for connecting to other devices.Certain Definitions and Additional Considerations

[0275] Whenever the term “at least,” “greater than,” or “greater than or equal to” precedes the first numerical value in a series of two or more numerical values, the term “at least,” “greater than” or “greater than or equal to” applies to each of the numerical values in that series of numerical values. For example, greater than or equal to 1, 2, or 3 is equivalent to greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, or greater than or equal to 3.

[0276] Whenever the term “no more than,” “less than,” or “less than or equal to” precedes the first numerical value in a series of two or more numerical values, the term “no more than,” “less than,” or “less than or equal to” applies to each of the numerical values in that series of numerical values. For example, less than or equal to 3, 2, or 1 is equivalent to less than or equal to 3, less than or equal to 2, or less than or equal to 1.

[0277] Certain inventive embodiments herein contemplate numerical ranges. When ranges are present, the ranges include the range endpoints. Additionally, every sub range and value within the range is present as if explicitly written out.

[0278] The term “about” or “approximately” may mean within an acceptable error range for the particular value, which will depend in part on how the value is measured or determined, e.g., the limitations of the measurement system. For example, “about” may mean within 1 or more than 1 standard deviation, per the practice in the art. Alternatively, “about” may mean a range of up to 20%, up to 10%, up to 5%, or up to 1% of a given value. Where particular values are described in the application and claims, unless otherwise stated the term “about” meaning within an acceptable error range for the particular value may be assumed.

[0279] As used herein, “or” is intended to mean an “inclusive or” or what is also known as a “logical OR,” wherein when used as a logic statement, the expression “A or B” is true if either A or B is true, or if both A and B are true, and when used as a list of elements, the expression “A, B or C” is intended to include all combinations of the elements recited in the expression, for example, any of the elements selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, (A, B), (A, C), (B,C), and (A, B, C); and so on if additional elements are listed. As such, any reference to “or” herein is intended to encompass “and / or” unless otherwise stated.

[0280] It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, region, or substrate is referred to as being “on” or extending “onto” another element, it may be directly on or extend directly onto the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” or extending “directly onto” another element, there are no intervening elements present. Likewise, it will be understood that when an element such as a layer, region, or substrate is referred to as being “over” or extending “over” another element, it may be directly over or extend directly over the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly over” or extending “directly over” another element, there are no intervening elements present. It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present.

[0281] Relative terms such as “below” or “above” or “upper” or “lower” or “horizontal” or “vertical” may be used herein to describe a relationship of one element, layer, or region to another element, layer, or region as illustrated in the Figures. It will be understood that these terms and those discussed above are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the Figures.

[0282] It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element may be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element may be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0283] While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and disclosed herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. It is not intended that the invention be limited by the specific examples provided within the specification. While the invention has been described with reference to the aforementioned specification, the descriptions and illustrations of the embodiments herein are not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. Furthermore, it shall be understood that all aspects of the invention are not limited to the specific depictions, configurations or relative proportions set forth herein which depend upon a variety of conditions and variables. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of theinvention disclosed herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is therefore contemplated that the invention shall also cover any such alternatives, modifications, variations, or equivalents. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

[0284] It should be noted that various illustrative or suggested ranges set forth herein are specific to their example embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope or range of disclosed technologies, but, again, merely provide example ranges for frequency, amplitudes, etc. associated with their respective embodiments or use cases. Where values are described as ranges, it will be understood that such disclosure includes the disclosure of all possible sub-ranges within such ranges, as well as specific numerical values that fall within such ranges irrespective of whether a specific numerical value or specific sub-range is expressly stated.

[0285] It should be understood that, unless a term is expressly defined in this patent, there is no intent to limit the meaning of that term, either expressly or by implication, beyond its plain or ordinary meaning, and such term should not be interpreted to be limited in scope based at least in part on any statement made in any section of this patent (other than the language of the claims). To the extent that any term recited in the claims at the end of this patent is referred to in this patent in a manner consistent with a single meaning, that is done for sake of clarity only so as to not confuse the reader, and it is not intended that such claim term be limited, by implication or otherwise, to that single meaning.

[0286] Throughout this specification, plural instances may implement components, operations, or structures described as a single instance. Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustrated and described as separate operations, one or more of the individual operations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that the operations be performed in the order illustrated. Structures and functionality presented as separate components in example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of the subject matter herein.

[0287] Additionally, certain embodiments are disclosed herein as including logic or a number of routines, subroutines, applications, or instructions. These may constitute either software (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium) or hardware. In hardware, the routines, etc., are tangible units capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner. In example embodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardware modules of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application orapplication portion) as a hardware module that operates to perform certain operations as disclosed herein.

[0288] In various embodiments, a hardware module may be implemented mechanically or electronically. For example, a hardware module may comprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured (e.g., as a special-purpose processor, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to perform certain operations. A hardware module may also comprise programmable logic or circuitry (e.g., as encompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor) that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware module mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations.

[0289] Accordingly, hardware modules may encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations disclosed herein. Considering embodiments in which hardware modules are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware modules need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where the hardware modules comprise a general-purpose processor configured using software, the general -purpose processor may be configured as respective different hardware modules at different times. Software may accordingly configure processor, for example, to constitute a particular hardware module at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware module at a different instance of time.

[0290] Hardware modules may provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware modules. Accordingly, the described hardware modules may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple of such hardware modules exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) that connect the hardware modules. In embodiments in which multiple hardware modules are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware modules may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware modules have access. For example, one hardware module may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware module may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware modules may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and may operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information). Elements that are described as being coupled and or connected mayrefer to two or more elements that may be (e.g., direct physical contact) or may not be (e.g., electrically connected, communicatively coupled, etc.) in direct contact with each other, but yet still cooperate or interact with each other.

[0291] The various operations of example methods disclosed herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modules that operate to perform one or more operations or functions. The modules referred to herein may, in some example embodiments, comprise processor-implemented modules.

[0292] Similarly, the methods or routines disclosed herein may be at least partially processor- implemented. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or more processors or processor-implemented hardware modules. The performance of certain operations may be distributed among the one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the processor or processors may be located in a single location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment or as a server farm), while in other embodiments the processors may be distributed across a number of locations.

[0293] The performance of certain operations may be distributed among the one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the one or more processors or processor-implemented modules may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within an office environment, or a server farm). In other example embodiments, the one or more processors or processor-implemented modules may be distributed across a number of geographic locations.

[0294] In some cases, the methods or routines disclosed herein may involve a distributed ledger technology. The distributed ledger may take the form of a blockchain system. The blockchain may involve a peer-to-peer computer network system. The methods or routines may comprise a blockchain node or may be configured to execute consensus algorithm protocols for verifying a public blockchain node. The algorithm may be a proof of work consensus mechanism. The methods or routines may comprise adding data to a block of a blockchain or hashing a block on the blockchain. The blockchain may be associated with a digital currency or cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Dogecoin (DOGE), Pepe Coin (PEPE) or Tether (USDT), among others. The digital currency or cryptocurrency may be a new coin that is uniquely associated one of the embodiments of the systems disclosed herein. The methods or routines disclosed herein may allow a user to earn the new coin by interacting with one of the embodiments of the systems disclosed herein. The methods or routines disclosed herein may beassociated with non-fungible tokens. The blockchain data may comprise user data, which may be generated during use of a device of the general descriptions provided herein.

[0295] A blockchain (which may also be referred to e.g., as a distributed ledger or a shared ledger) is a technique that may be used for achieving a distributed consensus on validity or invalidity of information in a chain. In other words, the blockchain provides a decentralized trust to participants and observers. As opposed to using a central authority, a blockchain is a distributed database, or ledger, in which a transactional record may be maintained at each node of a peer to peer network.

[0296] The distributed ledger may be comprised of groupings of transactions bundled together into a “block,” and ordered sequentially (thus the term “blockchain”). Nodes may join and leave the blockchain network over time and may obtain blocks that were propagated while the node was gone from peer nodes. Nodes may maintain addresses of other nodes and exchange addresses of known nodes with one another to facilitate the propagation of new information across the network in a decentralized, peer-to-peer manner.

[0297] The nodes that share the ledger form what may be referred to as a distributed ledger network. The nodes in the distributed ledger network may validate changes to the blockchain (e.g., when a new transaction or block is created) according to a set of consensus rules, where each node forms a consensus as to how the change is integrated into the distributed ledger. The consensus rules may depend on the information being tracked by the blockchain and may include rules regarding the chain itself. For example, a consensus rule may include that the originator of a change supply a proof-of-identity such that only approved entities may originate changes to the chain. A consensus rule may include that blocks and transactions adhere to format requirement and supply certain meta information regarding the change (e.g., blocks must be below a size limit, transactions must include a number of fields, etc.). Consensus rules may include a mechanism to determine the order in which new blocks are added to the chain (e.g., through a proof-of-work system, proof-of-stake, etc.).

[0298] Upon consensus, the agreed upon change is pushed out to each node so that each node maintains a copy (e.g., identical copy) of the updated distributed ledger. For example, additions to the blockchain that satisfy the consensus rules may be propagated from nodes that have validated the addition to other nodes that the validating node is aware of. If all the nodes that receive a change to the blockchain validate the new block, then the distributed ledger reflects the new change as stored on all nodes, and it may be said that distributed consensus has been reached with respect to the new block and the information contained therein. Any change that does not satisfy the consensus rule may be disregarded by validating nodes that receive the change and may not be propagated to other nodes. Accordingly, unlike a central authority, a single partycannot unilaterally alter the distributed ledger, unless the single party can do so in a way that satisfies the consensus rules. This inability to modify past transactions leads to blockchains being generally described as trusted, secure, and immutable.

[0299] The validation activities of nodes applying consensus rules on a blockchain network may take various forms. For example, the blockchain may be viewed as a shared spreadsheet that tracks data such as the ownership of assets. In another example, the validating nodes execute code contained in “smart contracts” and distributed consensus is expressed as the network nodes agreeing on the output of the executed code.

[0300] A smart contract may be a computer protocol that enables the automatic execution or enforcement of an agreement between different parties. In particular, the smart contract may be computer code that is located at a particular address on the blockchain. In some cases the smart contract may run automatically in response to a participant in the blockchain sending funds (e.g., a cryptocurrency such as bitcoin, ether, or other digital or virtual currencies) to an address where the smart contract is stored. Additionally, smart contracts may maintain a balance of the amount of funds that are stored at their address. In some cases, when this balance reaches zero the smart contract may no longer be operational. The smart contract may include one or more trigger conditions, that, when satisfied, correspond to one or more actions. For some smart contracts, which actions from the one or more actions are performed may be determined based at least in part on one or more decision conditions. In some cases, data streams may be routed to the smart contract so that the smart contract may detect that a trigger condition has occurred or analyze a decision condition.

[0301] Some blockchains may be deployed in an open, decentralized, and permissionless manner meaning that any party may view information, submit new information, or join the blockchain as a node responsible for confirming information. This open, decentralized, and permissionless approach to a blockchain may have certain limitations. As an example, these blockchains may not be good candidates for interactions that require information to be kept private or for interactions that require all participants to be vetted prior to their participation.

[0302] Other blockchains may be deployed as private (e.g., permissioned ledgers) blockchains that keep chain data private among a group of entities authorized to participate in the blockchain network. Other blockchain implementations may be both permissioned and permissionless whereby participants may need to be validated, but only the information that participants in the network wish to be public is made public.

[0303] In some cases, to create a new block in a blockchain, each transaction within a block may be assigned a hash value (e.g., an output of a cryptographic hash function, such as SHA-256 or MD5). These hash values may then be combined together utilizing data storage andcryptographic techniques (e.g., a Merkle Tree) to generate a hash value representative of the entire new block, and consequently the transactions stored in the block. This hash value may then be combined with the hash value of the previous block to form a hash value included in the header of the new block, thereby cryptographically linking the new block to the blockchain. To this end, the precise value utilized in the header of the new block may be dependent on the hash value for each transaction in the new block, as well as the hash value for each transaction in every prior block.

[0304] In some cases, information stored in blockchains may be trusted (e.g., at least partially trusted), because the hash value generated for the new block and a nonce value (an arbitrary number used once) may be used as inputs into a cryptographic puzzle. The cryptographic puzzle may have a difficulty set by the nodes connected to the blockchain network, or the difficulty may be set by administrators of the blockchain network. In one example of the cryptographic puzzle, a solving node uses the hash value generated for the new block and repeatedly changes the value of the nonce until a solution for the puzzle is found. For example, finding the solution to the cryptographic puzzle may involve finding the nonce value that meets certain criteria (e.g., the nonce value begins with five zeros).

[0305] When a solution to the cryptographic puzzle is found, the solving node publishes the solution and the other nodes may then verify that the solution is valid. Since the solution may depend on the particular hash values for each transaction within the blockchain, if the solving node attempts to modify any transaction stored in the blockchain, the solution may not be verified by the other nodes. More specifically, if a single node attempts to modify a prior transaction within the blockchain, a cascade of different hash values may be generated for each tier of the cryptographic combination technique. This may result in the header for one or more blocks being different than a corresponding header in every other node that did not make the exact same modification.

Claims

CLAIMSWHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An electrical energy generation system, comprising:(A) a first tube generator comprising:(i) a housing having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end and the second end are positioned along a first axis of the housing, and wherein the first end and the second end are separated by a travel length,(ii) a permanent magnet positioned within the housing, wherein the permanent magnet is reciprocally movable within the housing along the first axis and over at least a portion of the travel length,(iii) a first damper positioned at the first end of the housing configured to apply a first force to the permanent magnet proximal to the housing and a second damper positioned at the second end of the housing configured to apply a second force to the permanent magnet proximal to the housing, and(iv) an electrically-conductive material that is coupled to the housing and extends along at least some of the travel length;(B) an energy storage unit electrically-coupled to the electrically-conductive material; and(C) a wireless communication unit electrically-coupled to the energy storage device, wherein the wireless communication unit is configured to one or both of transmit a first data to a device that is external to the electrical energy generation system or receive a second data from the device that is external to the electrical energy generation system.

2. The electrical energy generation system of claim 1, wherein the device that is external to the electrical energy generation system comprises a mobile device.

3. The electrical energy generation system of claim 2, wherein the mobile device comprises a smartphone.

4. The electrical energy generation system of either claim 2 or 3, wherein the mobile device comprises an extended reality device.

5. The electrical energy generation system of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising:(D) a smart output electrically-coupled to the energy storage device, wherein the smart output is configured to output electrical power based at least in part on data received from the device that is external to the electrical energy generation system.

6. The electrical energy generation system of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising:(E) one or more sensors electrically-coupled to the energy storage device, wherein the first data comprises sensor data collected by the one or more sensors.

7. The electrical energy generation system of claim 6, wherein the one or more sensors track movement of the electrical energy generation system.

8. The electrical energy generation system of claim 7, wherein the one or more sensors are chosen from among an accelerometer, a gyroscope, an initial measurement unit sensor (IMU), a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, an optical sensor, or an acoustic sensor.

9. The electrical energy generation system of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising:(F) an electrical output electrically-coupled to the energy storage device, wherein the electrical output is configured to output electrical power that is stored within the energy storage device.

10. The electrical energy generation system of claim 9, wherein the electrical output is configured to be removably electrically-coupled to a mobile or wearable device to charge the mobile or wearable device via the electrical power that is stored within the energy storage device.

11. The electrical energy generation system of claim 10, wherein the mobile or wearable device is the device that is external to the electrical energy generation system.

12. The electrical energy generation system of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising:(G) an electrical input electrically-coupled to the energy storage device, wherein the electrical input is configured to input electrical power to the energy storage device.

13. The electrical energy generation system of claim 12, wherein the electrical input is configured to be electrically-coupled to a power source.

14. The electrical energy generation system of claim 13, wherein the power source comprises a solar panel.

15. The electrical energy generation system of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising:(H) one or more onboard devices electrically-coupled to the energy storage device.

16. The electrical energy generation system of claim 15, wherein the one or more onboard devices comprise one or more of a light, a vibrator, or a heater.

17. The electrical energy generation system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first damper and the second damper each comprise a magnet that is oriented to each be in polar opposition to the permanent magnet.

18. The electrical energy generation system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrically-conductive material comprises one or more looping wires that loop externally around the housing along the first axis.

19. The electrical energy generation system of claim 14, wherein the one or more looping wires comprises a first loop of wire that loops externally around the housing along the first axis, a second loop of wire that loops externally around the housing along the first axis, and a third loop of wire that loops externally around the housing along the first axis, wherein each of the first loop of wire, the second loop of wire, and the third loop of wire collectively form a three-phase circuit.

20. The electrical energy generation system of claim 19, wherein each of the first loop of wire, the second loop of wire, and the third loop of wire are connected via a three-phase bridge rectifier.

21. The electrical energy generation system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage unit comprises a lithium-ion battery, a water-based battery, a nickel-cadmiumbattery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a lithium-polymer battery, a lead-acid battery, or a solid- state battery.

22. The electrical energy generation system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical energy generation system is included within a wearable article.

23. The electrical energy generation system of claim 22, wherein the wearable article is a shoe.

24. The electrical energy generation system of claim 22, wherein the wearable article is a backpack.

25. The electrical energy generation system of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the electrical energy generation system is included within a sports instrument.

26. The electrical energy generation system of claim 25, wherein the sports instrument is one or more of a bat, a racket, a ball, a surfboard, a skateboard, a snowboard, a weight, or a helmet.

27. The electrical energy generation system of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the electrical energy generation system is included within a vehicle.

28. The electrical energy generation system of claim 22, wherein the vehicle is one or more of a car, a bicycle, a jet ski, a motorcycle, or a boat.

29. The electrical energy generation system of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the electrical energy generation system is included within scientific research equipment.

30. The electrical energy generation system of claim 29, wherein the scientific research equipment is one or more of a floating device or a device configured to be attached to a human or an animal.

31. The electrical energy generation system of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the electrical energy generation system is included within a toy.

32. The electrical energy generation system of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising:(I) a second tube generator that is orthogonal to the first tube generator.

33. The electrical energy generation system of claim 32, further comprising:(J) a third tube generator that is orthogonal to both the first tube generator and the second tube generator.

34. The electrical energy generation system of claim 33, further comprising:(K) a fourth tube generator that is parallel to the third tube generator and orthogonal to both the first tube generator and the second tube generator.

35. The electrical energy generation system of any one of claims 1-31, further comprising:(L) a second tube generator that is parallel to the first tube generator.

36. The electrical energy generation system of claim 35, further comprising:(M) a third tube generator that is orthogonal to both the first tube generator and the second tube generator.

37. The electrical energy generation system of claim 36, further comprising:(N) a fourth tube generator that is parallel to the third tube generator and orthogonal to both the first tube generator and the second tube generator.

38. The electrical energy generation system of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising:(O) a power control toggle configured to change a powered state of one or more of elements (A) through (K).

39. The electrical energy generation system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the (B) energy storage unit that is removable from the electrical energy generation system.

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