Extruder device, extruder system and use

Abstract

The invention relates to an extruder device (1) for extruding a strand (S) of building material (M) for the 3D printing of a building part (50), wherein the extrusion device (1) has: a discharge nozzle (2) for discharging the strand (S) out of the extruder device (1) in a shaping manner, wherein the discharge nozzle (2) has a nozzle base (3) and an adjustable discharge cross-section (4) for shaping the strand (S), and an adjustment apparatus (5) for adjusting the discharge cross-section (4), wherein the adjustment apparatus (5) has: at least one adjustable shaping portion (6) which at least partially defines the discharge cross-section (4), and at least one deformable, more particularly elastically deformable, adjustment portion (7) which connects the shaping portion (6) to the nozzle base (3).

Description

[0001] Extruder device, extruder system and use

[0002] FIELD OF APPLICATION AND STATE OF THE ART

[0003] The invention relates to an extruder device for extruding a strand of building material for 3D printing a structural component. The invention also relates to an extruder system comprising such an extruder device. Furthermore, the invention relates to such an extruder device and such an extruder system for extruding a strand of building material for 3D printing a structural component.

[0004] TASK AND SOLUTION

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide an extruder device for extruding a strand of building material for 3D printing a building component, an extruder system for extruding a strand of building material for 3D printing a building component, and a use of such an extruder device for extruding a strand of building material for 3D printing a building component and a use of such an extruder system for extruding a strand of building material for 3D printing a building component, which have improved properties.

[0006] This problem is solved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Preferred embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent patent claims.

[0007] An extruder device according to the invention serves for the, in particular automatic, extrusion of a strand of building material for 3D printing a, in particular three-dimensional, building component. The extruder device has a discharge nozzle that serves for shaping the strand out of the extruder device. The discharge nozzle can form a die for the extrusion of the building material, wherein the strand is shaped by the extrusion using the die, in particular in terms of cross-section or profile. The discharge nozzle has a nozzle base and a, in particular automatically, adjustable discharge cross-section. The adjustable discharge cross-section serves for shaping the strand. By adjusting the discharge cross-section, the shape of the strand can thus be adjusted. In addition, the extruder device has an, in particular automatic, adjustment device that serves to adjust the discharge cross-section.The adjustment device can therefore be configured to adjust the discharge cross-section. In this respect, the strand cross-section or the profile of the strand can be adjusted depending on the discharge cross-section by means of the adjustment device. The adjustment device has at least one adjustable shaping section that defines the discharge cross-section at least in sections. The shaping section can be adjustable relative to the nozzle base, in particular automatically. In addition, the adjustment device has at least one, in particular elastically deformable, adjustment section that connects the shaping section to the nozzle base. At least one region of the adjustment section can functionally supplement the shaping section in such a way that this region of the adjustment section also serves and / or is configured to shape the strand and / or to guide the building material for shaping the strand.The adaptor section can therefore act mechanically on the building material during the extrusion of the strand of building material, particularly directly or indirectly, to pre-shape the strand and / or, together with the shaping section, give the strand its cross-sectional shape. By connecting the shaping section to the nozzle base by means of the deformable adaptor section, joints between movable components, joints, or the like, which can be susceptible to wear and / or jamming upon contact with the building material, can be advantageously eliminated. In this respect, the extruder device according to the invention can prove to be particularly robust and reliable in operation.

[0008] The nozzle base is expediently flat, in particular horizontally, at least in some areas. A deflection device of the extruder device can be connected to the nozzle base, in particular horizontally and / or tangentially. The deflection device can be designed to deflect building material, in particular from vertical to horizontal, in order to feed the deflected building material to the discharge nozzle. In particular, the strand can be discharged horizontally at the discharge nozzle. In particular, the forming section defines the discharge cross-section only in sections. The nozzle base can be essentially rigid.

[0009] The forming section is expediently designed and / or configured to define a, in particular shaping, flow or flow cross-section, in particular an area of ​​the flow cross-section, of building material within the discharge nozzle for specifying the strand cross-section of the discharged strand of building material.

[0010] In particular, the extruder device can be referred to as an extruder head. Additionally or alternatively, the extruder device, in particular the discharge nozzle, can be designed for extrusion or for the exit or discharge of the strand of building material from the extruder device in a non-vertical, in particular horizontal, discharge direction. In other words, extrusion or the exit or discharge of the strand of building material from the extruder device, in particular from the discharge nozzle, is not possible in a vertical direction.

[0011] The strand, in particular the one being discharged, can expediently be continuous and / or extend over a certain length.

[0012] The building material may be concrete, in particular fresh concrete, and / or thixotropic and / or puncture-resistant or dimensionally stable, particularly during discharge. Additionally or alternatively, the building material may have a maximum grain size of at least 4 mm, in particular at least 10 mm, in particular at least 16 mm.

[0013] 3D printing can be usefully referred to as additive manufacturing. Additionally or alternatively, the strand can be deposited and / or applied, particularly layer by layer, onto a substrate or onto an already extruded strand to create a layered and / or layered and / or stacked structure of strands for the structural component.

[0014] The structural component can expediently be a building component and / or a wall and / or a ceiling. Additionally or alternatively, the strand, in particular a width of the strand, can have the thickness, in particular the entire thickness, of the wall and / or ceiling.

[0015] The discharge nozzle can be closed all the way around, in particular continuously and / or without gaps, in particular to define the discharge cross-section. The discharge nozzle can have a discharge opening, which in particular has the discharge cross-section. The discharge opening can be arranged at a front and / or front end of the discharge nozzle. The discharge opening can be referred to as an outlet opening or as a discharge opening. An edge of the discharge opening can extend at least partially in a plane that is arranged in particular orthogonal to the discharge direction of the strand. The discharge opening and - alternatively or additionally - the nozzle base can have a, in particular maximum, opening width of at least 100 mm, in particular at least 200 mm, and / or at most 800 mm, in particular at most 600 mm, in particular at most 500 mm, in particular without an adaptation device.The opening width can be measured horizontally, in particular perpendicular to the discharge direction. The outlet opening can have an opening height, in particular a maximum height, of at least 15 mm, in particular a minimum height of 25 mm, and / or at most 400 mm, in particular a maximum height of 200 mm, in particular a maximum height of 100 mm, in particular a maximum height of 50 mm, in particular without an adjustment device. The discharge opening can expediently have a substantially rectangular shape, in particular a trapezoidal shape, in particular a parallelogram shape, in particular a rectangular shape, in particular without an adjustment device. In this context, "substantially" can take into account rounded and / or bevelled corner sections of the rectangular shape.

[0016] The term “configured” can be used synonymously with the term “trained”.

[0017] The terms “comprises” and “has” can be used synonymously with each other and with the term “comprises”.

[0018] In this context, “limit” and / or “define” and / or “enclose” may mean directly or indirectly limit, define or enclose, unless otherwise stated.

[0019] In the present context, “control” can mean, in particular automatic, “regulate” and / or “steer”.

[0020] In an embodiment of the invention, the adjustment device comprises at least one actuator for adjusting the at least one shaping section relative to the nozzle base while elastically deforming the adjustment section. The actuator can be driven electrically, hydraulically, and / or pneumatically. The actuator can be configured to generate a force sufficiently large to adjust the at least one shaping section and elastically deform the adjustment section. In particular, the at least one shaping section can be adjusted continuously and / or in fine steps by means of the actuator.

[0021] In a further embodiment of the invention, the nozzle base defines the discharge section in sections, in particular in the direction of gravity. A lower edge of the discharge cross-section with respect to the direction of gravity can therefore be defined, in particular completely, by the nozzle base. If the nozzle base is horizontal and / or flat, the lower edge of the discharge cross-section can accordingly run straight and / or horizontally. In particular, the at least one shaping section, in particular all shaping sections, together with the nozzle base define the discharge cross-section. In other words: the discharge cross-section, in particular an area of ​​the discharge cross-section, can be completely enclosed by the at least one shaping section, in particular all shaping sections, together with the nozzle base.However, it is also conceivable for the discharge cross-section to be only partially enclosed by the at least one shaping section, in particular all shaping sections, and the nozzle base, with at least one remaining segment of the discharge cross-section, in particular all remaining segments, being delimited by at least one region of the at least one adaptation section, in particular all adaptation sections. Accordingly, the discharge section can be completely enclosed by the at least one shaping section, the nozzle base, and the at least one adaptation section.

[0022] In a further embodiment of the invention, the extruder device has a wall part, in particular a lateral one. The wall part comprises the adaptation section and the at least one shaping section, in particular made of the same material. In other words, the adaptation section and the shaping section can be formed integrally, namely by being integrated into one and the same wall part. It is understood that multiple wall parts can be present, the shaping sections of which can be adjusted relative to the nozzle base, in particular individually, by means of at least one associated actuator.

[0023] In a further embodiment of the invention, the adaptation section of at least one wall part of the extruder device, in particular of the at least one wall part of the extruder device, can be twisted by means of an actuator of the adaptation device in order to pivot the at least one forming section about a pivot axis of the adaptation device. In particular, the pivot axis runs transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the discharge cross-section. In this way, an angle of incidence of the forming section relative to the nozzle base can be adjusted, in particular in order to impart a trapezoidal shape with beveled flank sides to the discharge cross-section. The flank sides can be delimited by the forming section of each wall part.Alternatively or additionally, the at least one wall part can be pivoted by means of a, in particular different, actuator of the adjustment device in order to adjust the at least one forming section, in particular the same wall part, along a horizontal width direction of the extruder device. In this way, the discharge cross-section can be varied along the horizontal width direction.

[0024] In a further embodiment of the invention, the adaptation device comprises a bladder that can be pressure-filled with a fluid, in particular a substantially incompressible one. The fluid can in particular be a liquid. The pressure-fillable bladder comprises the adaptation section and the at least one shaping section, in particular made of the same material. The adaptation section and the at least one shaping section can therefore be integrally enclosed by the bladder. In particular, the adaptation section and the at least one shaping section of the bladder are formed in one piece, for example as integral components of a membrane forming the bladder. The pressure-fillable bladder can have a neutral fiber that does not undergo any deformation when the bladder is filled with pressure. At least this neutral fiber can form the shaping section of the pressure-fillable bladder.In particular, the bubble is supported on the nozzle base, facing away from its adaptation section and its forming section. The nozzle base can have an upper part and a lower part arranged opposite each other along the direction of gravity. The lower part can define the discharge cross-section at the bottom in the direction of gravity, whereas the upper part can serve to support the bubble against the direction of gravity. The lower edge of the discharge cross-section can be defined by the lower part.

[0025] In a further embodiment of the invention, the extruder device has two wall sections opposite each other along a direction, in particular the horizontal width direction, of the extruder device. This allows the discharge cross-section to be adjusted particularly flexibly and / or precisely.

[0026] In a further embodiment of the invention, the pressure-fillable bladder is arranged along the width direction between the wall parts, in particular such that forming sections of the wall parts and the bladder, in particular together with the nozzle base, define the discharge cross-section, in particular together with the adaptation sections of the bladder. By pressure-filling the bladder, an upper edge of the discharge cross-section opposite the lower edge can thus be curved such that the strand of building material is discharged with a concave upper side. The two wall parts opposite each other along the width direction can be designed to position their forming sections relative to the nozzle base such that the strand is discharged with flank sides inclined relative to the direction of gravity.

[0027] By appropriately shaping the discharged strand, any settling and / or creeping behavior of the building material of the discharged strand after its deposition—in particular before the building material hardens—can be advantageously compensated for in advance, in particular such that the deposited strand has a predetermined cross-section after settling and / or creeping. The predetermined cross-section can be substantially rectangular. The discharge cross-section can thus be adjusted by means of the adjustment device in such a way that, after the settling and / or creeping of its building material, the strand returns to a rectangular cross-section in order to solidify with this rectangular shape.

[0028] In a further embodiment of the invention, the discharge nozzle comprises a particularly elastic hose element, particularly with or made of latex, for the flow of building material through it. The elastic hose element directly defines the discharge cross-section on the inside. The hose element can serve to seal the extruder device and / or to keep the thick material away from moving parts of the extruder device as it flows through the extruder device. The hose element can line the discharge opening. The hose element can cover the components of the extruder device that define the discharge cross-section.

[0029] In a further embodiment of the invention, the extruder device has a detection device for detecting an actual shape of the discharged strand, in particular wherein the detection device comprises at least one camera, in particular at least two cameras. The extruder device has a, in particular electronic, control device, wherein the control device is designed to control, in particular at least one actuator, of the adaptation device in order to minimize, in particular in a controlled and / or automatic manner, a deviation between the detected actual shape and a predetermined target shape for the discharged strand. By means of the at least one camera, for example, a strand section can be monitored. The strand section to be monitored can already have been discharged for a predetermined minimum time before it comes into view of the camera.The camera and / or its field of view can be arranged at a distance from the discharge nozzle, particularly for the aforementioned purpose. The minimum time can be a setting time and / or a flow time of the construction material for the strand. After the minimum time has elapsed, the construction material can be at least partially set, so that the cross-section of the strand essentially no longer changes.

[0030] In a further embodiment of the invention, the target shape has a substantially rectangular cross-section. In particular, the cross-section refers to a discharge direction of the strand. "Substantially" rectangular can mean that the cross-section has rounded and / or chamfered corners.

[0031] An extruder system according to the invention serves for the, in particular automatic, extrusion of a strand of building material for 3D printing a building component. The extruder system comprises an extruder device according to the invention as described above. In this respect, the above-mentioned advantages of the extruder device according to the invention also apply to the extruder system according to the invention with such an extruder device. The extruder system also has a, in particular controllable, movement device. The movement device is designed for the, in particular automatic, at least translational movement of the extruder device, in particular during the shaping discharge of the strand from the extruder device.In particular, the extruder device can be adjusted, in particular automatically, relative to a machine base of the extruder system by means of the movement device, wherein the machine base can be positioned on a subsurface of a construction site. The movement device can be referred to as a positioning device.

[0032] The movement device can expediently comprise or be a movement arm, in particular a robot arm. Additionally or alternatively, the movement device and / or the extruder device can be designed for, in particular, automatic, rotational movement of the extruder device, in particular during the discharge of the strand of building material. The movement device can comprise a mast.

[0033] In a further embodiment of the invention, in particular of the extruder system, the movement device is designed for, in particular automatically, movement of the extruder device in a horizontal direction of movement, wherein the extruder device is designed for shaping the strand out of the extruder device counter to the horizontal direction of movement. Alternatively or additionally, the extruder system, in particular the extruder device, is designed for shaping the strand out of the extruder device with a, in particular variably adjustable, discharge speed, wherein the movement device is designed to move the extruder device at a movement speed that approximately corresponds to the discharge speed.

[0034] An extruder system according to the invention has, in particular in a further embodiment of the invention, a building material pump, in particular a controllable one. The building material pump is designed to supply the extruder device of the extruder system with building material for the strand. The building material pump can be designed for the, in particular automatic, conveyance of building material, in particular in strand form, from the extruder device. In particular, the extruder system can have a building material conveying line, wherein the building material conveying line can connect the building material pump to the extruder device, in particular to the discharge nozzle, for a flow of building material from the building material pump through the building material conveying line to the extruder device. Additionally or alternatively, the building material pump can be discontinuous, in particular a piston pump, in particular a two-piston pump, in particular with a pipe switch.

[0035] According to the invention, the extruder device described above is used to extrude a strand of building material for 3D printing a structural component. Thus, the above-mentioned advantages of the extruder device according to the invention can be utilized by using the device according to the invention.

[0036] According to the invention, the extruder system according to the invention described above is used to extrude a strand of building material for 3D printing a structural component. Thus, the above-mentioned advantages of the extruder system according to the invention can be utilized by the inventive use.

[0037] The building material can be subject to a conflict of objectives during 3D printing. This conflict of objectives can consist of the desirable good pumpability of the not yet cured building material, rapid curing of the building material after each strand has been applied, and the desirable low deformation of the strand after its application. When using conventional extruder devices, a "sagging" of the upper edge of the strand cross-section can occur, which changes the shape of the strand compared to that directly at the discharge cross-section. Directly at the discharge cross-section, the strand cross-section, particularly in terms of contour and / or outline, can still be congruent and / or complementary to the discharge cross-section.If the discharge cross-section is rectangular, the upper edge of the strand cross-section can bulge centrally, particularly convexly, after the strand has been deposited and before curing, when using conventional extruder devices. The flanks of the strand cross-section can fold outward, resulting in a substantially trapezoidal shape of the strand. The invention can counteract this.

[0038] By means of the invention, the strand cross-section can be corrected by adjusting the discharge cross-section. In particular, changing properties of the building material can be automatically compensated for such that the deposited strand, in particular over its length and / or across multiple strands, has a constant strand cross-section. The strand shape can be continuously monitored and corrected, in particular to enable automatic 3D printing of the structural component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the claims and the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, which are illustrated with reference to the drawings. Like reference numerals refer to like, similar, or functionally identical components.

[0040] It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the combination specified in each case, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0041] Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of an extruder system according to the invention with an embodiment of an extruder device according to the invention, each in use according to the invention,

[0042] Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a conventional

[0043] Extruder device 3D-printed structural part,

[0044] Fig. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of another structural component 3D-printed using another conventional extruder device,

[0045] Fig. 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a structural component 3D-printed using the extruder system according to Fig. 1,

[0046] Fig. 5 shows a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of the extruder device according to the invention,

[0047] Fig. 6 shows a schematic perspective view of a detail of the extruder device according to Fig. 5,

[0048] Fig. 7 shows a schematic perspective view of a detail of the extruder device according to Figs. 5 and 6, and

[0049] Fig. 8 shows a schematic front view of another embodiment of the extruder device according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0050] An extruder system 100 according to the invention is provided for extruding a strand S of building material M for 3D printing a building component 50. The extruder system 100 comprises an extruder device 1 designed according to the invention. Furthermore, the extruder system 100 has a movement device 101. The movement device 101 is designed to be controllable in this case. The movement device 101 can be designed for at least a translational movement of the extruder device 1. For example, the extruder device 1 can be designed to be movable by means of the movement device 101, in particular automatically, during the shaping discharge of the strand S from the extruder device 1.

[0051] The extruder device 1 serves for the, in particular automatic, extrusion of the strand S of building material M for 3D printing the building component 50. The extruder device 1 has a discharge nozzle 2. The discharge nozzle 2 serves for the shaping discharge of the strand S from the extruder device 1. The discharge nozzle 2 has a nozzle base 3. The discharge nozzle 2 also has an adjustable discharge cross-section 4. The discharge cross-section 4 is adjustable in order to give the strand S its shape, in particular a strand cross-sectional contour. The extruder device 1 also has an adjustment device 5 which is designed to adjust the discharge cross-section 4. The adjustment device 5 comprises at least one, in particular automatically, adjustable shaping section 6 which defines the discharge cross-section 4 at least in sections.The adaptation device 5 also has at least one, in this case elastically deformable, adaptation section 7 which connects the forming section 6 to the nozzle base 3.

[0052] The nozzle base 3 can - as in the present case - be flat, in particular horizontal, at least in some regions. A deflection device of the extruder device 1 can be connected to the nozzle base 3. In the present case, the deflection device is connected horizontally and tangentially to the nozzle base 3. The deflection device can be designed to deflect building material M, in this case from vertical to horizontal, in order to feed the deflected building material M to the discharge nozzle 2. The forming section 6 in the present case defines the discharge cross-section 4 exclusively in sections. The nozzle base 3 is, for example, essentially rigid, i.e., it undergoes no or only slight deformation during the discharge of the strand S. For example, the adaptation device 5 has at least one actuator 8 for adjusting the at least one forming section 6 relative to the nozzle base 3 with elastic deformation of the adaptation section 7. According to Fig.5 to 7, the adjustment device 5 has, for example, two actuators 8 which are designed to adjust the respective forming section 6 relative to the nozzle base 3.

[0053] The nozzle base 3 defines the discharge cross-section 4 in sections, in particular in the direction of gravity G. In this case, all forming sections 6 together with the nozzle base 3 define the discharge cross-section 4, in particular completely, as can be seen in Figs. 5 to 7.

[0054] The extruder device 1 has, for example, at least one, in particular lateral, wall part 9. The wall part 9 comprises the adaptation section 7 and the at least one forming section 6. In the present case, the wall part 9 comprises the adaptation section 7 and the at least one forming section 6 in a uniform material.

[0055] 5 to 7, the adaptation section 7 of at least one wall part 9 of the extruder device 1 can be twisted by means of a first actuator 8 of the adaptation device 5 in order to pivot the associated forming section 6 about a pivot axis A of the adaptation device 5. The pivot axis A runs, for example, transversely, in this case perpendicularly, to the discharge cross-section 4. The wall part 9 can be pivoted in this case by means of a second actuator 8 of the adaptation device 5 in order to adjust the at least one forming section 6 along a horizontal width direction B of the extruder device 1. By means of the second actuator 8, the forming section 6 can be pivoted in this case about a vertical axis. The wall part 9 can be adjusted and / or manipulated simultaneously or individually by means of both actuators 8. The actuators 8 can comprise linear and / or pivot drives.

[0056] According to Fig. 8, the adaptation device 5 has a bladder 10 that can be filled with a fluid under pressure. In the present case, the bladder 10 is designed to be filled with a substantially incompressible fluid, in particular automatically, under pressure. In this case, the bladder 10 has two adaptation sections 7 and a forming section 6 arranged therebetween. The forming section 6 and the adaptation sections 7 of the bladder 10 are in particular integral components of the bladder 10. In this case, the bladder 10 is supported on the nozzle base 3, for example on an upper part of the nozzle base 3, facing away from its adaptation sections 7 and its forming section 6. The extruder device 1 has, for example, two wall parts 9 opposite one another along the horizontal width direction B, see in particular Figs. 5, 6 and 8. According to Fig. 8, the bladder 10 is arranged between the wall parts 9 along the width direction B.The wall parts 9 can enable a width adjustment of the discharge cross-section 4. According to Fig. 8, the forming sections 6 of the wall parts 9 and the bladder 10, together with the nozzle base 3, define the discharge cross-section 4, in particular together with the adaptation sections 7 of the bladder.

[0057] 10 complete.

[0058] Fig. 8 also shows that the discharge nozzle 2 is, for example, a hose element

[0059] 11. The hose element 11 can be elastic and / or flexible. In the present case, the hose element 11 is designed for building material M to flow through. The hose element 11 can comprise latex or be made of latex. In this case, the elastic hose element 11 directly delimits the discharge cross-section 4 on the inside. The hose element 11 can cover the wall parts 9 and the nozzle base 3. The hose element 11 can prevent direct contact of building material M with the wall parts 9 and the nozzle base 3, but at the same time enable the wall parts 9 and the nozzle base 3 to have an indirect effect on the building material M during strand formation. The same can apply to the bladder 10.

[0060] The extruder device 1 has a detection device 12 which is designed to detect an actual shape Fl of the discharged strand S. The

[0061] Detection device 12 may have or be a sensor device. The

[0062] Detection device 12 has, for example, at least one camera 13. In the present case, the detection device 12 has two cameras 13. The extruder device 1 has, for example, a control device 14. In the present case, the control device 14 is designed as an electronic control device 14. The control device 14 is designed for, in particular, automatic control, in particular of at least one actuator 8, of the adjustment device 5. The control device 14 is designed to control the adjustment device 5 in such a way that a deviation between the detected actual shape Fl and a predetermined target shape FS for the discharged strand S is automatically minimized, in particular in the manner of a control loop.

[0063] For example, a strand section of the discharged strand S can be monitored by means of the at least one camera 13. The strand section to be monitored can already have been discharged for a predetermined minimum time before it enters the field of view of the camera 13. The camera 13 and / or its field of view can be arranged at a distance from the discharge nozzle 2, in particular for the aforementioned purpose. The minimum time or the distance can be selected such that the monitored strand section already has its permanent shape, in particular after a setting and / or flow time of the building material M of the strand S.

[0064] Figs. 2 and 3 show how discharged strands S can deform due to settling and / or flow of the building material M after discharge of the strand S with a rectangular discharge cross-section 4. The extruder device 1 can counteract this deformation of the discharged strand S by automatically adjusting the discharge cross-section 4 using the adjustment device 5, so that the structural part 50 visible in Fig. 4 can be produced. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that the respective strand S has a substantially rectangular shape of its cross-section after the settling and / or creep of its building material M. The desired shape FS can have a substantially rectangular cross-section in accordance with Fig. 4.

[0065] By slanting the shaping sections 6 of the wall parts 9 in the extruder device 1 according to Figs. 5 to 8, a folding apart of the flank sides of the strand cross-section, as can be seen in Fig. 2, can be avoided. By slanting said shaping sections 6 of the wall parts 9, the discharge cross-section 4 can be adapted in a trapezoidal direction. A torsional force for twisting the adaptation sections 7 of the wall parts 9 can be applied by the actuators 8 shown at the front in Figs. 5 and 7. Said actuator 8 can act on a lever arm which is attached to a discharge-side end of the wall part 9, wherein the shaping section 6 of the respective wall part 9 is located at this outlet-side end. A measure of the torsion of the respective wall part 9 can be specified by the detection device 12, which in this case is arranged above the discharge opening in order to detect and evaluate the strand shape.The result of the detection and evaluation of the strand shape can be used as a control variable for a stroke of the actuator 8 which twists, in particular interlaces, the wall part 9.

[0066] Under certain circumstances, the inclination of the lateral shaping sections 6 may not be sufficient to fully align the actual shape Fl of the strand S with the desired shape FS. In particular, despite the inclination of the lateral shaping sections 6, a curvature of the strand S may remain at the upper edge of the strand cross-section, see Fig. 3. This curvature can now be counteracted by the pressurizable bladder 10. An excess of building material M can be calculated from a geometry of the curvature and converted into a filling level of the bladder 10, so that the strand S can then be produced with a horizontal upper edge of its strand cross-section - after the setting and / or flow time has elapsed - see Fig. 4. The detection system 12 can also provide a controlled variable for the filling level of the bladder 10.

[0067] The two cameras 13 can record the strand geometry or the strand shape, whereby a processor of the control device 14 can carry out an actual-target comparison in order to provide the controlled variable for the correction of the discharge cross-section 4 in the form of a respectively necessary actuator stroke for the torsion of the respective wall part 9.

[0068] The movement device 101 is designed in the present case to move the extruder device 1 in a horizontal movement direction H, wherein the extruder device 1 is designed for the shaping discharge of the strand S from the extruder device 1 counter to the horizontal movement direction H. The movement direction H can be opposite to the discharge direction. Alternatively or additionally, the extruder system 100, in particular the extruder device 1, as in the present case, is designed for the shaping discharge of the strand S from the extruder device 1 with a discharge speed, in particular a variably adjustable one, wherein the movement device 101 is designed to move the extruder device 1 at a movement speed approximately corresponding in magnitude to the discharge speed. Accordingly, the strand S can be discharged essentially without any relative speed to the building material layers located underneath.

[0069] In this case, the extruder system 100 also has a, in particular controllable, building material pump 102. The building material pump 102 is designed to supply the extruder device 1 with building material M for the strand S, in particular automatically.

[0070] Fig. 1 shows the extruder device 1 and the extruder system 100 in use according to the invention. Accordingly, the extruder device 1 is used to extrude the strand S of building material M for 3D printing the structural component 50. Alternatively or additionally, the extruder system 100 is used to extrude the strand S of building material M for 3D printing the structural component 50.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Extruder device (1) for extruding a strand (S) of building material (M) for 3D printing a building part (50), wherein the extruder device (1) comprises: a discharge nozzle (2) for shaping the strand (S) out of the extruder device (1), wherein the discharge nozzle (2) has a nozzle base (3) and an adjustable discharge cross-section (4) for shaping the strand (S), and an adjustment device (5) for adjusting the discharge cross-section (4), wherein the adjustment device (5) comprises: - at least one adjustable forming section (6) which defines the discharge cross-section (4) at least in sections, and - at least one, in particular elastically deformable, adaptation section (7) which connects the forming section (6) to the nozzle base (3).

2. Extruder device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the adjustment device (5) has at least one actuator (8) for adjusting the at least one forming section (6) relative to the nozzle base (3) with elastic deformation of the adjustment section (7).

3. Extruder device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the nozzle base (3) defines the discharge cross-section (4) in sections, in particular in the direction of gravity (G), in particular wherein the at least one forming section (6) defines the discharge cross-section (4) together with the nozzle base (3).

4. Extruder device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the extruder device (1) has a, in particular lateral, wall part (9) which comprises the adaptation section (7) and the at least one forming section (6), in particular of the same material.

5. Extruder device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the adaptation section (7) of at least one wall part (9) of the extruder device (1) is twistable by means of an actuator (8) of the adaptation device (5) in order to pivot the at least one forming section (6) about a pivot axis (A) of the adaptation device (5), in particular wherein the pivot axis (A) runs transversely to the discharge cross-section (4), and / or - wherein the at least one wall part (9) is pivotable by means of one, in particular another, actuator (8) of the adjustment device (5) in order to adjust the at least one forming section (6) along a horizontal width direction (B) of the extruder device (1).

6. Extruder device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the adaptation device (5) has a bladder (10) which can be filled with a fluid, in particular a substantially incompressible fluid, and which comprises the adaptation section (7) and the at least one shaping section (6), in particular of the same material, - in particular wherein the bladder (10) is supported on the nozzle base (3) facing away from its adaptation section (7) and its forming section (6).

7. Extruder device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the extruder device (1) has two wall parts (9) opposite one another along a horizontal width direction (B) of the extruder device (1).

8. Extruder device (1) according to the two preceding claims, wherein the bubble (10) is arranged along the width direction (B) between the wall parts (9), in particular so that forming sections (6) of the wall parts (9) and the bubble (10), in particular together with the nozzle base (3), define the discharge cross-section (4).

9. Extruder device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the discharge nozzle (2) has a, in particular elastic, hose element (11), in particular with or made of latex, for flowing through with building material (M), - wherein the elastic hose element (11) directly limits the discharge cross-section (4) on the inside.

10. Extruder device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the extruder device (1) has a detection device (12) for detecting an actual shape (Fl) of the discharged strand (S), in particular wherein the detection device (12) comprises at least one camera (13), in particular at least two cameras (13), - wherein the extruder device (1) has a, in particular electronic, control device (14), wherein the control device (14) is designed to control, in particular at least one actuator (8), the adaptation device (5) is designed to minimize, in particular in a regulating manner, a deviation between the detected actual shape (Fl) and a predetermined desired shape (FS) for the discharged strand (S).

11. Extruder device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the desired shape (FS) has a substantially rectangular cross-section.

12. Extruder system (100) for extruding a strand (S) of building material (M) for 3D printing a building part (50), wherein the extruder system (100) comprises: an extruder device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, a, in particular controllable, movement device (101) which is designed for at least translational movement of the extruder device (1), in particular during the shaping discharge of the strand (S) from the extruder device (1).

13. Extruder system (100) according to the preceding claim, - wherein the movement device (101) is designed to move the extruder device (1) in a horizontal movement direction (H), and wherein the extruder device (1) is designed to discharge the strand (S) from the extruder device (1) in a shaping manner counter to the horizontal movement direction (H), and / or - wherein the extruder system (100), in particular the extruder device (1), is designed for the shaping discharge of the strand (S) from the extruder device (1) at a discharge speed, in particular a variably adjustable one, and wherein the movement device (101) is designed to move the extruder device (1) at a movement speed that approximately corresponds to the discharge speed.

14. Extruder system (100) for extruding a strand (S) of building material (M) for 3D printing a building component (50), in particular according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the extruder system (100) comprises: - an extruder device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, and - a, in particular controllable, building material pump (102), wherein the building material pump (102) is designed to supply the extruder device (1) with building material (M) for the strand (S).

15. Use of an extruder device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11 and / or an extruder system (100) according to one of claims 12 to 14 for extruding a strand (S) of building material (M) for 3D printing a building part (50).

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