Carbon capture device for fugitive gases from silicon carbide smelting furnace and use method

Abstract

The present invention provides a carbon capture device for fugitive gases from a silicon carbide smelting furnace and a use method. A telescopic collection cover made of a high-temperature-resistant stainless steel plate is arranged on the periphery of a silicon carbide smelting furnace, wherein adjacent unit structures are in contact in a sleeved manner and can slide relative to each other; one of the outermost unit structures at two ends is provided with a sealing plate or a sealing door, and the other one is connected to a gas extraction connector; the remaining unit structures are open at the front and back; and each unit structure has its own corresponding slideway. Flue gas pipe interfaces are provided on the collection cover and configured to connect to an induced draft fan, a CO storage tank is connected behind the induced draft fan, a CO concentration sensor is provided in the collection cover and is connected to a controller, and the controller is connected to the induced draft fan and controls the rotational speed of the induced draft fan. Carbon capture is completed by means of extracting out gases inside the collection cover for recycling, thus solving the problem of silicon carbide enterprises, i.e., fugitive emissions of gases such as CO.

Description

Silicon carbide smelting furnace escape gas carbon capture device and use method Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of supporting environmental protection for silicon carbide smelting, and relates to a device for collecting and processing gas emitted from a silicon carbide smelting furnace. Background Art

[0002] The silicon carbide smelting furnace uses the Acheson process. The main body is a rectangular trough, several dozen meters long, built of refractory bricks. Graphite electrodes are placed inside. When electricity is applied, heat is generated, and the charge reacts. The silicon carbide smelting temperature reaches approximately 2600°C, where the charge reacts to produce silicon carbide and releases CO. The CO burns on the furnace surface to form CO2, while a small amount of unburned CO escapes into the atmosphere outside the silicon carbide smelting furnace, causing air pollution. Therefore, silicon carbide smelting is a high-energy-consuming and high-pollution industry. With the increasing efforts to protect the environment, the installation of supporting gas treatment equipment is essential. However, current gas treatment equipment often costs tens of millions of yuan, which companies cannot afford. Consequently, silicon carbide companies face the dilemma of closure, impacting the local economy and employment. The inventors studied domestic and international treatment experiences and, based on summarizing existing technologies, proposed a set of effective solutions to address the tail gas pollution problem of silicon carbide smelting at a low cost. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a carbon capture device for escaped gases from a silicon carbide smelting furnace and a method for using the device to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by escaped gases from a silicon carbide smelting furnace.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a device for capturing carbon from escaped gas in a silicon carbide smelting furnace, wherein a collecting cover is arranged on the periphery of the silicon carbide smelting furnace, the collecting cover being a telescopic structure, and the silicon carbide smelting furnace is covered in the collecting cover when it is pulled open, and the collecting cover is made of a high-temperature resistant stainless steel plate, and the telescopic structure is composed of a plurality of monomer structures covering the furnace body of the silicon carbide smelting furnace, which are combined in a step-by-step manner according to the difference in thickness of the stainless steel plate, and the adjacent monomer structures are in contact with each other and can slide relative to each other, and the outermost monomer structures at both ends are provided with a closing plate or a closing door or connected to an exhaust joint, and the remaining monomer structures are open at the front and back. In this type of system, each single structure has its own corresponding slideway, which is made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel and fixed on the ground on both sides of the silicon carbide smelting furnace. A flue gas duct interface is provided on the collecting hood for connecting the induced draft fan, or an exhaust joint is provided for connecting the induced draft fan. The induced draft fan is used to form a negative pressure environment in the collecting hood. The induced draft fan is connected to a CO gas storage tank or a CO burner. A CO concentration sensor is provided in the collecting hood, which is connected to a controller, which is connected to the induced draft fan. The controller controls the speed of the induced draft fan according to the changes in the received CO concentration signal.

[0005] Preferably, the single body structure of the collecting hood is an arch of equal size at the front and rear, the smoke duct interface is arranged at the top of the collecting hood, the single body structure has an air inlet for air intake, the smoke duct interfaces are arranged on the left, right and middle, and are centrally connected to the main air duct through pipes, and the main air duct is connected to the induced draft fan.

[0006] Furthermore, the relatively large-sized tops of adjacent single structures are provided with small anti-slip baffles facing downward, and the relatively small-sized tops are provided with small anti-slip baffles facing upward. When pulled apart, the two anti-slip baffles abut against each other, and the adjacent single structures do not completely slip.

[0007] Preferably, the monomer structure of the collecting hood is a trumpet shape with gradually changing front and rear sizes. The collecting hood is stretched from one end to the other end. The monomer structure at the large-size end is provided with a closed door, an air inlet is provided on the closed door, an air inlet regulating mechanism is provided at the air inlet, and a connecting buckle is provided at the small-size end, which is connected to the exhaust joint through the connecting buckle, and the exhaust joint is connected to the induced draft fan.

[0008] Furthermore, the air inlet is an inverted U-shape, and the air inlet adjustment mechanism includes an inverted U-shaped damper adjustment plate, a mounting plate, a rotating wheel, a spring, and an adjusting threaded rod. The cross-section of the inverted U-shaped damper adjustment plate is trapezoidal, and the amount of air intake is changed by adjusting the distance from the air inlet. The two ends of the mounting plate are fixed to the outer surface of the inverted U-shaped damper adjustment plate, and the adjusting threaded rod is fixed to the outer surface of the closed door. The adjusting threaded rod passes through the mounting plate and the rotating wheel in sequence. The spring is sleeved on the adjusting threaded rod and is located between the closed door and the mounting plate. The mounting plate is slidably connected to the adjusting threaded rod, and the rotating wheel is threadedly connected to the adjusting threaded rod.

[0009] The edge of the monomer structure is fixed with a high-temperature resistant reinforcing rib plate, which plays a role in strengthening and supporting the monomer structure.

[0010] The slide is a groove structure with folded edges, embedded in the floor, and the folded edges are nailed tightly with steel nails. When the single structure is retracted and not in use, the slide is covered by a cover plate to prevent dust.

[0011] The method of using the carbon capture device for the escaped gas of the silicon carbide smelting furnace is that the power supply line of the silicon carbide smelting furnace is introduced into the ground through a pipeline and then extended from the outside of the slide, so that the placement of the collection cover is not hindered by the power supply line. A set of collection covers is set at each end of the silicon carbide smelting furnace, and the single structure is placed on the corresponding slide. The two sets of collection covers are stretched from both ends to the middle respectively, and a connecting mechanism is set on the single structure in the middle. The connecting mechanism connects the single structures that are close together. The silicon carbide smelting furnace is covered, and the smoke pipe interface is connected to the installation pipe. The pipe is connected to the induced draft fan, and the induced draft fan is connected to the CO gas storage tank or CO burner. The CO concentration The CO concentration sensor is arranged in the collecting hood, and the CO concentration sensor and the induced draft fan are linked and controlled by the controller. When the induced draft fan is started, negative pressure is formed in the collecting hood, and the air inlet of the single structure is used for external air to enter. The gas emitted from the silicon carbide smelting furnace is controlled in the collecting hood and is extracted by the induced draft fan. When the silicon carbide smelting furnace completes a batch of smelting, the power is cut off for cooling and the cooling stage begins. The collecting hood remains in the opened state. After a period of cooling, the escaping gas is no longer generated, and the connecting mechanism is opened, the pipe connected to the flue gas duct interface is removed, and the collecting hood is retracted to accelerate the cooling of the silicon carbide smelting furnace. After cooling is completed, the furnace is unloaded and the material is taken out.

[0012] Preferably, the connecting mechanism is a bolt or a buckle.

[0013] A method for using a carbon capture device for escaped gas from a silicon carbide smelting furnace. The power supply line of the silicon carbide smelting furnace is introduced into the ground through a pipeline and then extends from the outside of the slideway, so that the placement of the collection cover is not hindered by the power supply line. Each silicon carbide smelting furnace is provided with a collection cover, which is placed at one end of the silicon carbide smelting furnace. The smallest-sized single structure does not move, and the other-sized single structures are pulled. The collection cover is opened to cover the silicon carbide smelting furnace. The largest-sized single structure is connected to a closed door, and the closed door is detachably connected to the largest-sized single structure through a connecting and fastening mechanism. An air inlet regulating mechanism is installed at the air inlet of the closed door. The smallest-sized single structure is connected to an exhaust joint, and the exhaust joint is connected to an induced draft fan. The induced draft fan is connected to a CO gas storage tank or a CO burner. A CO concentration sensor is provided in the collection cover. The CO concentration sensor and the induced draft fan are linked and controlled by a controller. The induced draft fan is started, and a negative pressure is formed in the collection cover. The air inlet is used for external The air enters (a small amount of gas enters from the gap between the monomer structure and the slideway, which does not affect the mainstream gas flow), and the gas emitted from the silicon carbide smelting furnace is controlled in the collecting hood and extracted by the induced draft fan. The opened collecting hood is trumpet-shaped, and the trumpet-shaped gas collecting hood and the outer side of the silicon carbide smelting furnace form an inverted U-shaped air flow flue, forming a smooth flue gas channel for air intake and induced draft. The gas flow direction is unified, flowing from one end of the largest monomer structure to one end of the smallest monomer structure, ensuring that the gas emitted from the silicon carbide smelting furnace is fully collected and enters the induced draft system in real time, with high exhaust efficiency; when the silicon carbide smelting furnace completes a batch of smelting, the power is cut off for cooling, and the cooling stage begins, the collecting hood remains in the opened state. After cooling for a period of time, the emitted gas is no longer generated, and the closed door is opened to push the collecting hood to retract, and the induced draft fan duct connected to the flue gas duct interface is removed to accelerate the cooling of the silicon carbide smelting furnace. After cooling is completed, the furnace is unloaded and the material is taken out.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The main material of the present invention is high-temperature resistant stainless steel, and the amount used is 15 tons to 30 tons of 2mm high-temperature resistant 310S stainless steel plates, which are calculated at 19,500 yuan per ton. The cost of steel is 292,500 to 585,000 yuan. Adding processing fees, induced draft fans, and storage tanks, the overall cost does not exceed 600,000 yuan, which solves the tail gas treatment problem of silicon carbide furnaces at a relatively low cost. The present invention has a simple structure, and it is convenient and efficient to treat the escaped gas from the silicon carbide smelting furnace. The collected CO gas can be used to produce methanol, turning waste into treasure, and achieving both economic and ecological benefits. It solves the problem of unorganized emissions of gases such as CO from silicon carbide enterprises, and provides an effective solution for silicon carbide enterprises to meet carbon standards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the airflow direction in a trumpet-shaped single-body collecting hood;

[0016] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the assembly process of the trumpet-shaped monomer structure;

[0017] FIG3 is a side view of the exhaust joint of the trumpet-shaped single-body structure collection cover in use;

[0018] FIG4 is a side view of the closed door of the trumpet-shaped single-body structure collecting cover in use;

[0019] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the inverted U-shaped damper adjustment plate opening adjustment mechanism;

[0020] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the air volume adjustment principle of the inverted U-shaped damper adjustment plate;

[0021] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the use and assembly process of the arched monomer structure;

[0022] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a monomer structure and a high temperature resistant reinforcing rib plate;

[0023] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the slide structure;

[0024] In the figure: 1-silicon carbide smelting furnace, 2-collecting hood, 3-exhaust joint, 4-slide, 5-induced draft fan, 6-flue gas duct interface, 7-main air pipe, 8-anti-slip small baffle, 9-closed door, 10-inverted U-shaped air door adjustment plate, 15-high temperature resistant reinforcing rib plate, 16-steel nails, 17-cover plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] As shown in the figure, the device for capturing carbon from the escaped gases of a silicon carbide smelting furnace has a collection hood 2 installed outside the silicon carbide smelting furnace 1. The collection hood 2 is a telescopic structure that, when extended, encloses the silicon carbide smelting furnace 1 within the collection hood 2. The distance between the collection hood 2 and the outer surface of the silicon carbide smelting furnace 1 is at least 10 centimeters, allowing for smooth airflow. The collection hood 2 is made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel plate. The telescopic structure consists of multiple single structures covering the silicon carbide smelting furnace body 1, arranged in a step-by-step manner with a difference in stainless steel plate thickness. Adjacent single structures are in contact with each other and can slide relative to each other. The outermost single structure is provided with a closing plate, while the remaining single structures in the middle are open front and back, forming an arched shape of equal dimensions front and back. High-temperature resistant reinforcing ribs 15 are fixed to the edges of the single structures to provide support for the single structures.

[0026] Each unit structure has its own corresponding slideway 4, made of high-temperature-resistant stainless steel and fixed to the ground on both sides of the silicon carbide smelting furnace. A flue gas duct interface 6 is located on top of the collection hood 2. To avoid hindering contraction, the flue gas duct interface 6 is directly punched into the unit structure, with several bolt holes drilled around the periphery. When in the extended position, the unit structure is connected to the bolt holes through a non-standard flange joint that matches the curvature of the unit structure's top. The non-standard flange joint is then connected to the pipe. When the unit is retracted, the non-standard flange joint is removed. The flue gas duct interface and bolt holes do not change the thickness of the unit structure and do not hinder the sliding of the unit structure when it needs to be retracted. An air inlet is opened between the monomer structures for air intake. Flue gas duct interfaces 6 are set on the left, right and middle sides, and are centrally connected to the main air pipe 7 through a pipe. The main air pipe 7 is connected to the induced draft fan 5. The induced draft fan 5 is used to form a negative pressure environment in the collection hood. The induced draft fan 5 is connected to a CO gas storage tank or a CO burner (CO can be used for heating, power generation, methanol production, etc.). A CO concentration sensor is provided in the collection hood 2. The CO concentration sensor is connected to a controller, and the controller is connected to the induced draft fan. The controller controls the speed of the induced draft fan 5 according to the changes in the received CO concentration signal, thereby adjusting the air volume.

[0027] The relatively large-sized top of the adjacent monomer structure is provided with a small anti-slip baffle 8 facing downward, and the relatively small-sized top is provided with a small anti-slip baffle 8 facing upward. When pulled apart, the two anti-slip baffles 8 abut against each other, and the adjacent monomer structures do not completely slip.

[0028] The collecting hood can be stretched from one end to the other, with the monomer structure at the end provided with a closed door; or the two ends can be stretched toward the middle, with the monomer structures in the middle combined together and connected, and bolts, snaps, and other connection forms can be used.

[0029] A gas explosion concentration detector is provided in the collection cover, and the gas explosion concentration detector is connected to an alarm provided outside the collection cover to serve as a warning and improve the safety of surrounding personnel.

[0030] A method for using a carbon capture device for escaped gas from a silicon carbide smelting furnace with an arched single-body structure of equal size at front and rear. The power supply line of the silicon carbide smelting furnace is introduced into the ground through a pipeline and then extends from the outside of a slide. Therefore, the placement of the collection cover 2 is not hindered by the power supply line. A set of collection covers 2 is provided at each end of the silicon carbide smelting furnace 1, and the single-body structure is placed on the corresponding slide 4. The two sets of collection covers 2 are stretched from both ends to the middle, and a connecting mechanism (bolts or buckles) is provided on the middlemost single-body structure. The connecting mechanism connects the monomer structures that are close together, the silicon carbide smelting furnace is covered, the flue gas duct interface 6 is connected to the installation pipe, the pipe is connected to the induced draft fan 5, the induced draft fan 5 is connected to the CO gas storage tank or the CO burner, the CO concentration sensor is arranged in the collection cover, the CO concentration sensor and the induced draft fan 5 are linked and controlled by the controller, the induced draft fan is started, a negative pressure is formed in the collection cover, the air inlet of the monomer structure (the three small circles at the bottom of Figure 7 represent the air inlet) is used for external air to enter, the gas emitted from the silicon carbide smelting furnace 1 is controlled in the collection cover 2 and is extracted by the induced draft fan 5; when the silicon carbide smelting furnace 1 completes a batch of smelting, the power is turned off for cooling, and the cooling stage begins, the collection cover 2 remains in the pulled-open state. After cooling for a period of time, the emitted gas is no longer generated, the connecting mechanism is opened, the pipe connected to the flue gas duct interface is removed, the collection cover 2 is retracted, the cooling of the silicon carbide smelting furnace is accelerated, and the furnace is removed and the material is taken out after the cooling is completed.

[0031] The arched monolithic structures of equal front and rear dimensions are easy to open and close, but air intake is achieved by drilling holes in the monolithic structures, which complicates the internal gas flow path and may result in gas stagnation areas. To achieve better gas collection, the monolithic structures of the collection hood 2 can be further designed as a trumpet-shaped structure with gradually varying front and rear dimensions. The collection hood 2 is stretched from one end to the other. Due to the gradual change in size, the larger end will be stuck by the smaller end of the other monolithic structure when it is opened (the gap between the monolithic structures is not sealed without sealing material, and a small amount of gas passing through it will not affect the mainstream gas flow. Of course, refractory clay can also be used to fill the gap to prevent air from entering). Structures such as anti-slip small baffles 8 are not required. After covering the silicon carbide smelting furnace 1, the collection hood 2 should also be at least 10 cm away from the outer surface of the silicon carbide smelting furnace 1. The large-sized end of the single structure is provided with a closed door 9, which is provided with an air inlet with an air inlet adjustment mechanism. The small-sized end is provided with a connecting buckle (which can adopt the buckle structure used in van doors). The exhaust connector 3 is provided with a matching buckle accessory, which is connected to the exhaust connector 3 through the connecting buckle, and the exhaust connector 3 is connected to the induced draft fan 5. The small-sized end of the single structure can also be connected to the exhaust connector 3 using other connection methods, such as bolts. The air inlet is an inverted U-shape, and the air inlet adjustment mechanism includes an inverted U-shaped damper adjustment plate 10, a mounting plate 11, a rotating wheel 12, a spring 13, and an adjusting threaded rod 14. The cross-section of the inverted U-shaped damper adjustment plate 10 is trapezoidal, and the amount of air intake is changed by adjusting the distance from the air inlet. The two ends of the mounting plate 11 are fixed to the outer surface of the inverted U-shaped damper adjustment plate 10, and the adjusting threaded rod 14 is fixed to the outer surface of the closed door 9. The adjusting threaded rod 14 passes through the mounting plate 11 and the rotating wheel 12 in sequence. The spring 13 is sleeved on the adjusting threaded rod 14 and is located between the closed door 9 and the mounting plate 11. The mounting plate 11 is slidably connected to the adjusting threaded rod 14, and the rotating wheel 12 is threadedly connected to the adjusting threaded rod 14. When the inverted U-shaped damper adjustment plate 10 is heavy, a bracket can be placed near the closed door 9, the bottom of the bracket is fixed to the ground or pressed with a heavy object, and two flat rods are welded to the top of the bracket. The straight section of the upper part of the inverted U-shaped damper adjustment plate 10 is placed on the rod, so that the rod shares the weight of the inverted U-shaped damper adjustment plate 10, and the threaded rod 14 is adjusted to stabilize the inverted U-shaped damper adjustment plate 10 together with the two rods.

[0032] The usage of the front and rear size gradually changing trumpet-shaped monomer structure: the power supply circuit is set up as above, and each silicon carbide smelting furnace 1 is provided with a collection cover 2, which is placed from one end of the silicon carbide smelting furnace 1. After it is placed in place, the smallest size monomer structure does not move, and the monomer structures of other sizes are pulled, and the collection cover 2 is opened to cover the silicon carbide smelting furnace. The largest size monomer structure is connected to the closed door 9, and the closed door 9 is detachably connected to the largest size monomer structure through a connecting fastening mechanism. An air inlet regulating mechanism is installed at the air inlet of the closed door. The smallest size monomer structure is connected to the exhaust joint 3, and the exhaust joint 3 is connected to the induced draft fan 5. The induced draft fan 5 is connected to the CO gas storage tank or the CO burner. The CO concentration sensor is set in the collection cover (it is best to set one at each end, that is, one is set near the closed door 9 and one is set at the connection of the exhaust joint 3). The CO concentration sensor and the induced draft fan are linked and controlled by a controller. When the fan 5 is started, negative pressure is formed in the collection hood, and the air inlet is used for external air to enter. The gas emitted from the silicon carbide smelting furnace 1 is controlled in the collection hood and extracted by the induced draft fan 5. The opened collection hood is trumpet-shaped, and the trumpet-shaped gas collection hood and the outer side surface of the silicon carbide smelting furnace form an inverted U-shaped air flow flue, forming a smooth flue gas channel for air intake and induced draft. The gas flow direction is unified, flowing from one end of the largest-sized monomer structure to one end of the smallest-sized monomer structure, ensuring that the gas emitted from the silicon carbide smelting furnace is fully collected and enters the induced draft system in real time, with high exhaust efficiency; when the silicon carbide smelting furnace completes a batch of smelting, the power is cut off for cooling, and the cooling stage begins, the collection hood remains in the opened state. After cooling for a period of time, the emitted gas is no longer generated, then the closed door 9 is opened, the collection hood is pushed to retract, and the induced draft fan duct connected to the flue gas duct interface is removed to accelerate the cooling of the silicon carbide smelting furnace. After cooling is completed, the furnace is removed and the material is taken out.

[0033] One embodiment of the aforementioned slide 4 is a grooved structure with folded edges embedded in the floor, with the folded edges secured with steel nails 16. When the unit structure is retracted and not in use, the slide is covered with a cover plate 17 to prevent dust. A dust shield (the material can be made of the same wool strips used to prevent dust in window gaps, and the width is increased compared to the window wool strips) is affixed to the bottom of the cover plate 17 to increase the contact with the concrete surface and better prevent dust. The cover plate 17 can also be hinged to the concrete floor and equipped with a pull ring. When the unit structure needs to slide, the pull ring is pulled and the cover plate 17 is rotated 180 degrees to expose the slide. When the slide is not in use, the cover plate 17 covers the slide. For a collection hood with arched unit structures of equal front and rear dimensions, the slides are parallel but of different lengths. The unit structure with the longest pull-out distance requires the longest slide. For a unit structure with gradually varying front and rear dimensions and a trumpet shape, since the movement trajectory is not straight, the slide can be widened, and the gap between the slide and the bottom edge of the unit structure can be sealed with refractory mortar.

[0034] The high-temperature stainless steel used in this invention can be 2mm high-temperature resistant 310S stainless steel sheet produced by Jiuquan Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd., priced at 19,500 yuan per ton. The melting point of 310S stainless steel is 1398-1454°C. The internal temperature of the silicon carbide smelting furnace is approximately 2600°C, and the external temperature of the furnace is approximately 1000°C. This steel can withstand temperatures up to 1100°C without deformation, meeting the requirement for heat-resistant deformation during use.

Claims

1. A carbon capture device for escaped gas from a silicon carbide smelting furnace, characterized in that: A collecting hood (2) is arranged outside the silicon carbide smelting furnace (1). The collecting hood (2) is a telescopic structure. When the collecting hood (2) is pulled open, the silicon carbide smelting furnace (1) is covered in the collecting hood (2). The collecting hood (2) is made of a high-temperature resistant stainless steel plate. The telescopic structure is composed of a plurality of monomer structures covering the furnace body of the silicon carbide smelting furnace, which are combined in a step-by-step manner with the thickness of the stainless steel plate being a difference. Adjacent monomer structures are in contact with each other and can slide relative to each other. The outermost monomer structures at both ends are provided with a closing plate or a closing door or connected to an exhaust joint (3). The remaining monomer structures are open front and back. Each monomer structure has a corresponding slideway (4). The slideway (4) is made of high temperature resistant stainless steel and is fixed on the ground at both sides of the silicon carbide smelting furnace. A flue gas duct interface (6) is provided on the collection hood for connecting to an induced draft fan (5), or an exhaust joint (3) is provided for connecting to an induced draft fan (5). The induced draft fan (5) is used to form a negative pressure environment in the collection hood (2). The induced draft fan (5) is connected to a CO gas storage tank or a CO burner. A CO concentration sensor is provided in the collection hood (2). The CO concentration sensor is connected to a controller. The controller is connected to the induced draft fan (5). The controller controls the rotation speed of the induced draft fan (5) according to the change of the received CO concentration signal.

2. The device for capturing carbon from dissipated gas in a silicon carbide smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monomer structure of the collection hood is an arch with equal dimensions at the front and rear. The smoke duct interface (6) is arranged at the top of the collection hood. An air inlet is provided on the monomer structure for air intake. The smoke duct interfaces (6) are arranged on the left, right and middle sides and are centrally connected to the main air duct (7) through a duct. The main air duct (7) is connected to the induced draft fan (5).

3. The device for capturing carbon from dissipated gas in a silicon carbide smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relatively large-sized tops of adjacent monomer structures are provided with downward-facing anti-slip small baffles (8), and the relatively small-sized tops are provided with upward-facing anti-slip small baffles (8). When in the pulled-apart state, the two anti-slip small baffles (8) abut against each other, and the adjacent monomer structures do not completely slip off.

4. The device for capturing carbon from escaped gases in a silicon carbide smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monomer structure of the collecting hood (2) is a trumpet shape with gradually changing front and rear dimensions. The collecting hood (2) is stretched from one end to the other end. The monomer structure at the large-sized end is provided with a closed door (9). An air inlet is provided on the closed door (9). An air inlet regulating mechanism is provided at the air inlet. A connecting buckle is provided at the small-sized end. The connecting buckle is connected to an exhaust joint (3), and the exhaust joint (3) is connected to an induced draft fan (5).

5. The device for capturing carbon from dissipated gas in a silicon carbide smelting furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air inlet is in an inverted U-shape. The air inlet adjustment mechanism comprises an inverted U-shaped air door adjustment plate (10), a mounting plate (11), a rotating wheel (12), a spring (13), and an adjusting threaded rod (14). The cross section of the inverted U-shaped air door adjustment plate (10) is a trapezoid. The air inlet volume is changed by adjusting the distance from the air inlet. Both ends of the mounting plate (11) are fixed to the outer surface of the inverted U-shaped air door adjustment plate (10). The adjusting threaded rod (14) is fixed to the outer surface of the closed door (9). The adjusting threaded rod (14) passes through the mounting plate (11) and the rotating wheel (12) in sequence. The spring (13) is sleeved on the adjusting threaded rod (14) and is located between the closed door (9) and the mounting plate (11). The mounting plate (11) is slidably connected to the adjusting threaded rod (14), and the rotating wheel (12) is threadedly connected to the adjusting threaded rod (14).

6. The device for capturing carbon from dissipated gas in a silicon carbide smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A high temperature resistant reinforcing rib plate (15) is fixed to the edge of the monomer structure, which plays a role in reinforcing and supporting the monomer structure.

7. The device for capturing carbon from dissipated gas in a silicon carbide smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The slideway (4) is a structure with a folded edge groove, embedded in the floor, and the folded edge is nailed with steel nails (16). When the single structure is shrunk and not used, the slideway is covered by a cover plate (17) to prevent dust.

8. The method for using the carbon capture device for escaped gas from a silicon carbide smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The power supply line of the smelting furnace is introduced into the ground through a pipeline and then extends from the outside of the slideway, so that the placement of the collecting cover (2) is not hindered by the power supply line. A set of collecting covers (2) is respectively arranged at both ends of the silicon carbide smelting furnace (1), and the single structure is placed on the corresponding slideway. The two sets of collecting covers (2) are stretched from both ends to the middle, and a connecting mechanism is arranged on the middlemost single structure. The connecting mechanism connects the single structures close together. The silicon carbide smelting furnace is covered, and the smoke pipe interface (6) is connected to the installation pipe. The pipe is connected to the induced draft fan (5), and the induced draft fan (5) is connected to the CO gas storage tank or the CO burner. The CO concentration sensor is arranged in the collecting cover. The CO concentration sensor and the induced draft fan (5) are linked and controlled by a controller. The induced draft fan is started, a negative pressure is formed in the collection hood, and the air inlet of the single structure is used for external air to enter. The gas emitted from the silicon carbide smelting furnace (1) is controlled in the collection hood (2) and extracted by the induced draft fan (5). When the silicon carbide smelting furnace (1) completes a batch of smelting, the power is turned off for cooling, and the cooling stage begins. The collection hood (2) remains in the pulled-open state. After cooling for a period of time, the emitted gas is no longer generated, and the connection mechanism is opened, the pipe connected to the flue gas pipe interface is removed, and the collection hood (2) is retracted to accelerate the cooling of the silicon carbide smelting furnace. After the cooling is completed, the furnace is unloaded and the material is taken out.

9. The method for using the carbon capture device for dissipated gas from a silicon carbide smelting furnace according to claim 8, characterized in that: The connecting mechanism is a bolt or a buckle.

10. The method for using the carbon capture device for escaped gas from a silicon carbide smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1, 4 and 5, wherein: The power supply line of the smelting furnace (1) is introduced into the ground through a pipeline and then extends out from the outside of the slideway, so that the placement of the collection cover is not hindered by the power supply line. Each silicon carbide smelting furnace (1) is provided with a collection cover (2), which is placed at one end of the silicon carbide smelting furnace (1). The single structure of the smallest size does not move, and the single structures of other sizes are pulled. After the collection cover (2) is pulled open, the silicon carbide smelting furnace is covered. The single structure of the largest size is connected to the closed door (9), and the closed door (9) is detachably connected to the single structure of the largest size through a connecting and fastening mechanism. The air inlet of the closed door is equipped with an air inlet adjustment mechanism. The single structure of the smallest size is connected to the exhaust joint (3), and the exhaust joint (3) is connected to the induced draft fan (5). The induced draft fan (5) is connected to the CO gas storage tank or the CO burner. The CO concentration sensor is arranged in the collection cover, and the CO concentration sensor is connected to the induced draft fan. The fan is linked and controlled by a controller, the induced draft fan (5) is started, a negative pressure is formed in the collecting hood, the air inlet is used for external air to enter, the gas emitted from the silicon carbide smelting furnace (1) is controlled in the collecting hood and sucked away by the induced draft fan (5), the opened collecting hood is in a trumpet shape, the trumpet-shaped gas collecting hood and the outer side of the silicon carbide smelting furnace body form an inverted U-shaped air flow flue, forming an air intake and induced air flue, which flows from one end of the largest size monomer structure to one end of the smallest size monomer structure; when the silicon carbide smelting furnace completes a batch of smelting, the power is turned off for cooling, and the cooling stage begins, the collecting hood is still kept in the opened state, after a period of cooling, the escaping gas is no longer generated, then the closed door (9) is opened, the collecting hood is pushed to retract, the induced draft fan duct connected to the flue gas duct interface is removed, the cooling of the silicon carbide smelting furnace is accelerated, and the furnace is removed and the material is taken out after the cooling is completed.

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