The new generation electro(PHOTO)catalysts for using in the manufacturing of energy from hydrogen gas

Abstract

The invention relates to a new catalyst system for use in the production of hydrogen energy and methods that provide hydrogen production with the use of these electro(photo)catalysts.

Description

[0001] THE NEW GENERATION ELECTRO(PHOTO)CATALYSTS FOR USING IN THE MANUFACTURING OF ENERGY FROM HYDROGEN GAS

[0002] Technical Field

[0003] The invention relates to a new generation catalyst system for use in the production of hydrogen energy and methods that provide hydrogen production with the use of these electro(photo)cataly sts .

[0004] State of the Art

[0005] The ability to effectively use and store renewable energy in chemical form has been recognized worldwide as a promising and sustainable strategy to provide future energy demands. Solar energy is by far one of the most widely distributed renewable primary energy sources. Hydrogen en«gy~as a secondary energy source is generally considered an ideal energy carrier due to its high energy density, zero emissions, storability, and portability. Therefore, the production and conversion of hydrogen into energy in a single step is of great importance for the efficient and clean use of hydrogen energy, reducing carbon emissions and environmental pollution.

[0006] Recently, hydrogen is considered a sustainable alternative to conventional fossil fuels due to its high energy density of -120 MJ .kg’1, which is almost three times higher than commonly used diesel or gasoline. In addition, the combustion of hydrogen releases only water as a byproduct, and therefore hydrogen is an environmentally friendly fuel alternative.

[0007] Hydrogen (H2) is a clean energy source with no carbon footprint, promising to replace the fossil fuels currently in use. Since its chemical and physical properties do not have any negative impact on the environment, it is called a clean energy source. One of the most promising methods for green hydrogen production is electrocatalytic water separation, but this method consumes a huge amount of electricity, which increases production costs and energy consumption due to the high theoretical voltage of 1.23 V. Potential H2 / O2 passage during electrolysis of water also raises safety concerns. In addition, approximately 0.012 kg of hydrogen gas is produced from 1 L of water by the electrolysis method. Since this result will actually cause a lot of water to be consumed to produce a high amount of hydrogen gas, alternative processes that can produce hydrogen gas from different sources are needed. For this reason, the method of obtaining hydrogen gas by electrolysis of seawater has been developed, but the by-products released due to the impurity of seawater also impose restrictions on this method.

[0008] Although oxidation reactions of alternative small organic molecules (e.g., urea, alcohol, and amine) have been proposed to replace conventional anodic reactions, i.e., the reaction of heavy oxygen evolution, to further aid energy- saving hydrogen production, the cell voltages of these reactions are also higher than IV.

[0009] In general, hydrogen gas is produced by using methods such as gasification of hydrocarbon compounds, steam reforming, and decomposition. Today, many researchers are developing new catalyst systems and developing methods for obtaining hydrogen gas not only from the electrolysis of water but also from many organic solvents such as alcohol, urea, aldehyde, and acid.

[0010] One of these methods is electrolysis to recover high-value chlorine gas from aqueous hydrochloric acid. Chlorine gas and hydrogen gas are obtained from aqueous hydrochloric acid in this method. The general reaction is given below for reference.

[0011] Anode: 20“ C12(g) + 2e“ E = -1.36 V

[0012] Cathode: 2H++ 2e" <-» H(0, E = 0.00 V

[0013] Total reaction: 2HCI 2H2<«> + Cl^o) E = -1.36 V

[0014] Herein, when the concentrated hydrochloric acid solution is electrolyzed, positive hydrogen ions are transported to the cathode and reduced to hydrogen gas. Negative chloride ions are transported to the anode, lose electrons, and oxidized to chlorine gas. Under ideal conditions, this process enables the production of 1 ton of CU(g) with a power consumption of ~1500 kWh. Energy consumption combined with safety concerns arising from the production of Chlg), although feasible in the industry, creates serious disadvantages. For example, uncontrolled closure of the cell causes the cathode chamber containing H2(g) to be filled with concentrated Cl’ and CU(g), with potentially explosive consequences. In addition, the chlorine gas produced significantly irritates the lungs and eyes, causing pulmonary edema, stomach pains and narrowing of the throat, causing great damage to the body. While permanent damage occurs in the body as a result of inhalation of chlorine gas, the chance of survival is very low. When exposed to chlorine gas, even one per thousand in the air causes death within a few minutes. But less than one in a million is tolerable and harmless. It is also known that chlorine gas was the first chemical gas used in the First World War. This makes hydrochloric acid, which is a strong acid for the hydrogen production process, useless.

[0015] Considering the state of the art, a summary of which is given above, new methods are needed to obtain hydrogen gas safely with low energy and water consumption.

[0016] In addition, considering the above-mentioned methods of obtaining hydrogen gas, it is seen that obtaining hydrogen gas from the aqueous hydrogen gas solution is promising, but the safety reservations caused by the chlorine gas released during this process outweigh the potential of this process.

[0017] To overcome these technical problems, the inventors have developed a new catalyst system and a method of using this catalyst system to obtain hydrogen gas from a hydrochloric acid vapor or aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and / or sun.

[0018] Brief Description of the Invention

[0019] The present invention relates to a catalyst system comprising a carbon cloth electrode coated with a triazine-based polymer in the anode and a carbon cloth electrode coated with at least a bimetallic doped triazine-based polymer in the cathode.

[0020] By means of this catalyst system, hydrogen gas and therefore hydrogen energy can be obtained at a much lower cost than hydrochloric acid gas or hydrochloric acid aqueous solution or solar energy instead of obtaining hydrogen gas from the hydrolysis of water, which is an expensive method.

[0021] In addition, by means of this catalyst system, a catalyst system has been developed that can be an alternative to the Pt electrodes, which are almost an alternative in the electrolysis method. In this way, the disadvantages arising from the use of Pt metal are eliminated. Pt electrodes are mostly used in the electrolysis of water, fuel cells and acid environments in the low-medium temperature range. Pt electrodes are preferred because they do not tend to react. However, in the specific case of electrolysis of HC1, the use of a platinum-based catalyst as anode and cathode leads to some serious drawbacks. For example, platinum is severely depolarized by chloride anion adsorption and, to a lesser extent, by surface reactions of ubiquitous dissolved organic compounds. Because of these factors, extreme precautions are necessary when performing periodic cell “shutdowns”. In these cases, the sudden shift in the cathodic potential, coupled with the highly aggressive chemical medium (HC1 saturated with Chlg)), will result in both the irreversible dissolution of a significant amount of platinum and the almost complete deactivation of the remainder. While specific procedures to overcome such catastrophic events are usually followed during planned shutdowns, nothing can be done in the event of an uncontrolled event (e.g., power failure of the power grid). These disadvantages are overcome by the catalyst system and electrodes according to the invention.

[0022] In addition, while the developed catalyst system is used as an electrode, it can also be used as a photocatalyst and thus enables the conversion of solar energy into hydrogen energy in a single step.

[0023] In addition to all these, in the catalyst system according to the invention, which includes a carbon cloth electrode coated with a triazine-based polymer in the anode and a carbon cloth electrode coated with a triazine-based polymer with at least bimetallic doping in the cathode, hydrogen gas is produced simultaneously in the anode and cathode, and hydrogen gas is produced from solar energy thanks to photocatalytic effects simultaneously.

[0024] LIST OF ELEMENTS

[0025] A: Electrode (Anode) consisting of carbon cloth covered with a triazine-based polymer layer B: Electrode (Cathode) consisting of carbon cloth coated with the bimetallic doped triazinebased polymer layer

[0026] 2a: Cleaning phase of carbon cloths for 45 minutes at 50°C with ethanol and ultrasonic vibration

[0027] 2b: Stage of coating the cleaned carbon cloths with the triazine-based polymer layer 2c: The stage of obtaining the carbon cloth electrode coated with a Mo-doped triazine-based polymer layer by treating the carbon cloth (A) coated with a triazine-based polymer layer with M0CI5

[0028] 2d: The stage of obtaining the electrode consisting of carbon cloth covered with bimetallic added triazine-based polymer layer by treating the carbon cloth electrode covered with Mo- doped triazine-based polymer layer with HAUCI4.3H2O

[0029] 101: Digital and thermo condenser

[0030] 102: Glass pipes

[0031] 103: Electrolysis cell

[0032] 104: Gas tanks

[0033] 105: Inverter

[0034] 201: Carbon cloth

[0035] 202: Clean carbon cloth

[0036] 203: Mo doped triazine based polymer layer-coated electrode

[0037] Descriptions of the Figures

[0038] The shapes and related descriptions used to better explain the catalyst system developed by the invention are as follows.

[0039] Figure 1: Schematic drawing of the assembly for generating electrical energy by obtaining hydrogen gas from HC1 gas with the catalyst system according to the invention.

[0040] Figure 2: Schematic drawing describing the preparation of the Anode (A) and the Cathode (B) forming the catalyst system according to the invention

[0041] Figure 3: Schematic drawing describing the use of the catalyst system according to the invention in the production of hydrogen gas from sunlight

[0042] Detailed Description of the Invention

[0043] As mentioned above, the invention relates to a catalyst system comprising a carbon cloth electrode coated with a triazine-based polymer in the anode and a carbon cloth electrode coated with a triazine-based polymer with at least bimetallic doping in the cathode. Poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) is used as the triazine-based polymer in the catalyst system according to the invention in one embodiment of the invention.

[0044] The triazine-based polymer layer is doped with Mo and Au metals in one embodiment of the invention.

[0045] In this context, a preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a catalyst system comprising a carbon cloth electrode coated with poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) or melamine or poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) or 2,4,6-Tris (4-formyl phenoxy)- 1,3, 5 -triazine in the anode and a carbon cloth electrode coated with Mo and Au doped poly(6- methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) or melamine or poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4- dihydroxy) or 2,4,6-Tris(4-formyl phenoxy)-l,3,5-triazine in the cathode.

[0046] In one aspect, the present invention is directed to carbon cloth electrodes coated with a triazine-based polymer layer for use in the preparation of the catalyst system according to the invention.

[0047] The present invention is directed to poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) or melamine or poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) or 2,4,6-Tris(4-formylphenoxy)-l,3,5-triazine- coated carbon cloth electrodes for use in the preparation of the catalyst system according to the invention.

[0048] In one aspect, the present invention is directed to carbon cloth electrodes coated with a bimetallic doped triazine-based polymer layer for use in the preparation of the catalyst system according to the invention.

[0049] The present invention is directed to carbon cloth electrodes coated with bimetallic doped poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) or melamine or poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4- dihydroxy) or 2,4,6-Tris(4-formyl phenoxy) -1,3, 5 -triazine polymer layer for use in the preparation of the catalyst system according to the invention.

[0050] The present invention is directed to carbon cloth electrodes coated with Au and Mo doped poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) or melamine or poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4- dihydroxy) or 2,4,6-Tris(4-formyl phenoxy) -1,3, 5 -triazine polymer layer for use in the preparation of the catalyst system according to the invention.

[0051] By means of this catalyst system according to the invention and the triazine-based polymer layer and carbon cloth electrodes in this catalyst system, the chloride anions released during the electrolysis of the hydrochloric acid gas or aqueous hydrochloric acid solution are added to the triazine-based polymer layer and thus the release of chlorine gas is prevented during the procedure.

[0052] Another element of the invention relates to an assembly for manufacturing electrical energy by obtaining hydrogen gas from HC1 gas, comprising the following:

[0053] Electrode (anode) (A) consisting of carbon cloth covered with a triazine-based polymer layer,

[0054] Electrode (Cathode) (B) consisting of carbon cloth coated with a bimetallic doped triazine-based polymer layer,

[0055] At least one Digital and thermo concentrator (101),

[0056] At least one Glass pipe (102),

[0057] At least one Electrolysis cell (103)

[0058] At least one Gas tank (104)

[0059] At least one Inverter (105) element.

[0060] The digital and thermo-condenser (101) in the arrangement according to the invention are used to liquefy HC1 vapor.

[0061] The glass pipes (102) in the arrangement according to the invention are used for transporting the HC1 liquid to the electrolysis cell depending on its location and / or for transporting the obtained hydrogen gas to the gas tanks (104) and / or for transporting the hydrogen gas from the gas tanks (104) to the inverter (105) for electricity generation.

[0062] The electrolysis cell (103) in the arrangement according to the invention comprises electrode (A) consisting of the carbon cloth covered with the triazine-based polymer layer and electrode (B) consisting of the carbon cloth covered with the triazine-based polymer layer with bimetallic doping and comprises two caps where the liquid HC1 can enter and where the hydrogen gas released after electrolysis can be transported from the cell to the gas tank (104). The gas tank (104) in the arrangement according to the invention refers to the tanks where the hydrogen gas released as a result of the electrolysis process will be stored safely.

[0063] The inverter (105) in the arrangement according to the invention is used for producing electricity from the stored hydrogen gas.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the catalyst system consisting of electrodes A and B of the device according to the invention comprises a carbon cloth electrode (A) coated with poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) or melamine or poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine- 2,4-dihydroxy) or 2,4,6-Tris(4-formyl phenoxy)- 1,3, 5 -triazine in the anode and a Mo and Au doped poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) or melamine or poly(6-methyl-l,3,5- triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) or 2,4,6-Tris(4-formyl phenoxy)-l,3,5-triazine coated carbon cloth electrode (B) in the cathode.

[0065] In this arrangement, the HC1 vapor comes to the thermal condenser (101) with the glass pipes (102) and is liquefied in this chamber and transferred to the glass pipes (102) to be transferred to the electrolysis cell (103). HC1 coming to the electrolysis cell (103) decomposes into its ions by being 100% ionized. Chloride anions are added to the Triazine-based polymer layer in the anode (A) and chloride anions are trapped in this layer Chlorine gas outflow is prevented and hydrogen gas is released in the anode (A). Simultaneously, hydrogen ions coming from the cathode (B) are rapidly converted to hydrogen gas by giving electrons in the triazine-based polymer layer, whose electrocatalytic activity is enriched with Au-Mo. The released hydrogen gas is transported by glass pipes (102), stored safely in the gas tank (104), and transferred to the energy converter (105) to obtain electricity from hydrogen.

[0066] In this context, the present invention relates to a method for producing electrical energy by obtaining hydrogen gas from hydrochloric acid gas;

[0067] • Concentrating the hydrochloric acid vapor in the thermal condenser (101) and liquidizing it and transferring it to the electrolysis cell (103) with glass pipes (102),

[0068] • Ionizing liquid hydrochloric acid in electrolysis cell (103) to release hydrogen gas in the anode (A) and cathode (B), • Transporting hydrogen gas from the electrolysis cell (103) to the gas tank (104) with glass pipes (102),

[0069] • Converting the hydrogen gas stored in the tank (104) into electrical energy in the converter (105).

[0070] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the catalyst system according to the invention to obtain hydrogen gas from an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution or hydrochloric acid gas or solar energy.

[0071] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a carbon cloth electrode coated with a triazine-based polymer layer, preferably a carbon cloth electrode coated with a layer of poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) or melamine or poly(6-methyl- 1,3,5 -triazine-2,4- dihydroxy) or 2,4,6-Tris(4-formyl phenoxy) -1,3, 5 -triazinepolymer layer, as an anode in a catalyst system for obtaining hydrogen gas from hydrochloric acid solution or hydrochloric acid gas or solar energy.

[0072] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a carbon cloth-coated electrode with a bimetallic doped triazine-based polymer layer, preferably a carbon cloth electrode coated with an Au and Mo doped poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine or melamine or poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) or 2,4,6-Tris(4-formyl phenoxy)-l,3,5- triazinepolymer layer, as a cathode in a catalyst system for obtaining hydrogen gas from hydrochloric acid solution or hydrochloric acid gas or solar energy.

[0073] Within the scope of the invention, the triazine-based polymer may be poly(6-methyl-l,3,5- triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) or melamine or poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) or 2,4,6- Tris(4-formylphenoxy)-l,3,5-triazine. The triazine-based polymer coating on the carbon cloth in the anode or cathode electrodes in the system according to the invention may be the same for each electrode, or it may be different polymers selected from the above-mentioned poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) or melamine or poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine- 2,4-dihydroxy) or 2,4,6-Tris(4-formyl phenoxy)- 1, 3, 5-triazine group.

[0074] For example, while poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) is used as the triazine-based polymer in the coating of the triazine-based polymer-coated carbon cloth electrode, poly(6- methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) can be used as the triazine-based polymer in the coating of the bimetallic-doped triazine-based polymer coated carbon cloth electrode, which is the other electrode in the system, or poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) can be used as the triazine-based polymer in both the coating of the triazine-based polymer coated carbon cloth electrode and the coating of the bimetallic-doped triazine-based carbon cloth electrode.

[0075] EXAMPLES:

[0076] Example 1: Synthesis of Triazine-Based Polymers

[0077] 0.5 g of 6-Methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamino monomer is dissolved in 100 mL of acetonitrile solvent by boiling under reflux for 90 minutes. 0.25 mL of 25% glutaraldehyde solution is added dropwise. 5 drops of acetic acid solution are added for use as a catalyst. The mixture is boiled at 85°C under refrigeration for 6 hours. After completion of polymerization, the obtained polymers are washed and dried in a vacuum oven at 50°C for 48 hours.

[0078] Example 2: Cleaning carbon cloth electrodes

[0079] Commercially purchased carbon cloths are cleaned by ultrasonic vibration in 10 mL of ethanol at 50°C for 45 minutes. It is then dried in a vacuum oven at 50°C for 1 hour. Example 3: Coating carbon cloths with triazine polymer

[0080] The cleaned carbon cloths are coated with the polymer by mixing the previously synthesized triazine-based polymers (poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine)) in the solution obtained by dissolving in DMF solvent at a speed of 400 rpm for 6 hours. After the carbon cloths coated with the polymer are washed with ethanol, they are dried in a vacuum oven at 50°C for 48 hours.

[0081] Example 4: Addition of triazine-based polymer-coated carbon cloths with Molybdenum (Mo)

[0082] Carbon cloths coated and dried with triazine-based polymer are soaked in 0.01 M M0CI5 solutions prepared in ethanol for 15 minutes and their pH is fixed to 8 with NaOH. At the end of this period, the Mo-doped carbon cloths are removed from the solution, washed with ethanol, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 50°C for 1 hour.

[0083] Similarly, Mo doping can be performed with M0S3.

[0084] Example 5: Gold doping of molybdenum-doped triazine based polymer coated carbon cloths

[0085] Carbon cloths coated with molybdenum-doped triazine-based polymer are kept in 0.01 M HAUCI4.3H2O solutes prepared in water for 20 minutes and their pH is fixed to 8.5 with NaOH. At the end of this period, gold (Au)-doped Molybdenum (Mo)-doped triazine-based polymer-coated carbon cloths are removed from the solution, washed with ethanol, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 50°C for 1 hour.

[0086] Example 6: Hydrogen Gas Production and Electrical Energy Production from Hydrochloric Acid Gas by Catalyst System Obtained by Electrodes Obtained by Example 3 and Example 5

[0087] HC1 vapor comes to the thermal condenser with glass pipes and is liquefied in this chamber and transferred to the glass pipes to be transferred to the electrolysis cell. HC1 coming to the electrolysis cell becomes 100% ionized and dissociates into its ions. Chloride anions are added to the Triazine-based polymer layer in the anode, and chloride anions are trapped in this layer, preventing the release of chlorine gas, and releasing hydrogen gas in the anode. Simultaneously, the hydrogen ions coming to the cathode are rapidly converted to hydrogen gas by giving electrons in the triazine-based polymer layer, whose electrocatalytic activity is enriched with Au-Mo. The released hydrogen gas is transported by glass pipes and stored securely and transferred to the energy converter to obtain electricity from the hydrogen.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A catalyst system, characterized in that it comprises a carbon cloth electrode coated with a triazine-based polymer in the anode and a carbon cloth electrode coated with at least bimetallic doped triazine-based polymer in the cathode for obtaining hydrogen gas from a hydrochloric acid vapor or aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and / or sun.

2. A catalyst system according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is a triazine-based polymer in poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) or melamine or poly(6-methyl-1.3.5-triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) or 2,4,6-Tris(4-formylphenoxy)-l,3,5-triazine polymer.

3. A catalyst system according to any one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the bimetallic doping is made with the metals Mo and Au.

4. A catalyst system according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a carbon cloth electrode coated with poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4- diamine) or melamine or poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) or 2,4,6-Tris(4- formylphenoxy)-l,3,5-triazine in the anode and a carbon cloth electrode coated with Mo and Au doped poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) or melamine or poly (6- methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) or 2,4,6-Tris(4-formylphenoxy)-l,3,5-triazine in the cathode.

5. A carbon cloth electrode for use in the preparation of a catalyst system according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is coated with a triazine-based polymer layer, preferably with poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) or melamine or poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) or 2,4,6-Tris(4-formylphenoxy)-l,3,5- triazine.

6. A carbon cloth electrode for use in the preparation of a catalyst system according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bimetallic, preferably Au and Mo doped triazine-based polymer layer is preferably coated with poly(6-methyl-l,3,5- triazine-2,4-diamine) or melamine or poly(6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dihydroxy) or2.4.6-Tris(4-formylphenoxy)-l,3,5-triazine.

7. An assembly for manufacturing electrical energy by obtaining hydrogen gas from hydrochloric acid gas, characterized in that it comprises the following elements:• A catalyst system according to any one of Claims 1-4,• At least one digital and thermo-condenser used to liquefy hydrochloric acid vapor,• At least one glass pipe (102) that allows hydrogen gas to be transported from the electrolysis cell (103) to the gas tank (104),• At least one electrolysis cell (103) that provides ionization of liquid hydrochloric acid,• At least one gas tank (104) where hydrogen gas is stored,• At least one converter (105) that enables the conversion of hydrogen gas into electrical energy.

8. A method for manufacturing electrical energy by obtaining hydrogen gas from hydrochloric acid gas, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:• Concentrating hydrochloric acid vapor in the thermal condenser (101) and liquidizing and transferring the liquid to the electrolysis cell (103) with glass pipes (102),• Ionizing liquid hydrochloric acid in the electrolysis cell (103) to release hydrogen gas in the anode (A) and cathode (B) in the catalyst system according to any one of claims 1-4,• Transporting hydrogen gas from the electrolysis cell (103) to the gas tank (104) with glass pipes (102),• Converting the hydrogen gas stored in the tank (104) into electrical energy in the converter (105).

9. An electrode according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that it is used as an anode in a catalyst system that is used for obtaining hydrogen gas from hydrochloric acid solution or hydrochloric acid gas or solar energy.

0. A system according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that hydrochloric acid is used to obtain hydrogen gas from an aqueous solution or hydrochloric acid gas or solar energy.

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