River shoreline juncao ecological protection barrier and construction method therefor

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological management, and relates to a river shoreline Juncao ecological protection barrier and a construction method therefor. A Juncao shoreline ecological protection barrier is formed by constructing a windward slope surface Juncao wind prevention and sand (soil) fixation belt, a leeward slope surface Juncao composite grass hedge belt for preventing sand (soil) from entering a river, and a shoreline slope surface Juncao biological protection embankment. The river shoreline Juncao ecological protection barrier and the construction method therefor provided in the present invention are biological measures with low investment and quick effect, forming an effective river shoreline Juncao ecological protection barrier, achieving the effects of rapid wind prevention and sand (soil) fixation, preventing sand (soil) from entering the river, and improving species diversity. Additionally, the solutions provided in the present invention achieve a win-win situation in terms of ecological and economic benefits; in dry season, the planted Juncao can be harvested with stubble left, the harvested Juncao serves as a culture material for edible and medicinal fungi, livestock and poultry feed, biological energy, a biomass material and the like, so that the economic benefit is improved; and the remaining stubble of Juncao continues to exert the ecological value thereof by preventing wind and fixing sand (soil), and preventing sand (soil) from entering the river.

Description

A river bank grass ecological protection barrier and construction method thereof Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of ecological governance technology, and more specifically relates to a river bankline mushroom grass ecological protection barrier and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] my country's desertified land area covers 2.6 million square kilometers, with approximately 400 million people living in desertified areas. Annual economic losses from desertification amount to over 100 billion yuan. With the continuous growth of the population and economic and social development, the combined impacts of irrational human production activities and natural disasters have caused varying degrees of ecological damage in the sandy areas of the Yellow River Basin, leading to environmental problems such as wind erosion, desertification, and soil erosion. The Yellow River has become the world's highest sediment load and sediment transporter. The Yellow River passes through Alxa League for 85 kilometers, and nearly 100 million tons of sediment flow into it annually. Soil erosion in my country's rivers is causing the continuous loss of topsoil, which is essential for plant growth, leading to structural damage, reduced fertility, and decreased productivity. Research on river ecological development, soil and water conservation, water pollution, and industrial development, to promote a virtuous cycle between natural ecosystems and economic and social systems, is crucial for achieving high-quality development in river basins.

[0003] To address the above issues, there are currently two common measures for river bank protection zones: the first is the engineering measure of gabion dams, which offer advantages such as permeability, integrity, and wind and wave resistance. However, they are not very applicable in desertified areas lacking rocks, have high engineering costs, and have poor ecological performance. The second is the biological measure of afforestation, which protects the shoreline through its developed root systems and plants. Perennial plants such as willow, poplar, and locust trees are generally used as traditional plants for windbreaks and sand (soil) fixation to achieve long-term embankment protection. These plants grow slowly and are planted at large spacings, making them unable to quickly form a windbreak and sand (soil) barrier. Their roots are thick and sparse, with few root hairs at the root tips, resulting in poor soil networking and prone to erosion and collapse. Therefore, neither of these measures can fully meet the requirements of efficient, rapid, and ecological management for windbreaks and sand (soil), preventing sand (soil) from entering the river, and shoreline protection. Technical issues

[0004] To this end, it is necessary to provide a river shoreline mushroom grass ecological protection barrier and its construction method to solve the problem that the existing river shoreline protection belt afforestation biological measures cannot quickly form a wind-proof and sand (soil) shoreline ecological protection barrier due to the planting of slow-growing plants, and the plant root system has poor ability to network the soil and is easily eroded by running water and falls over. Technical Solutions

[0005] To this end, it is necessary to provide a river shoreline mushroom grass ecological protection barrier and its construction method to solve the problem that the existing river shoreline protection belt afforestation biological measures cannot quickly form a wind-proof and sand (soil) shoreline ecological protection barrier due to the planting of slow-growing plants, and the plant root system has poor ability to network the soil and is easily eroded by running water and falls over.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a river bankline mushroom grass ecological protection barrier, comprising:

[0007] A bio-protective dike for preventing shoreline erosion and a composite grass hedgerow belt containing Pennisetum and / or Arundo donax mushroom grass are planted along contour lines parallel to the river shoreline. The bio-protective dike for preventing shoreline erosion and the composite grass hedgerow belt are sequentially connected in a manner that gradually approaches the river shoreline. It should be noted that the composite grass hedgerow belt for preventing wind and sand, which is used to protect shoreline erosion, is not limited to sandy areas. In areas with soil (non-sandy), it should be evolved and understood as a "composite grass hedgerow belt for preventing wind and soil from being lost." That is, the composite grass hedgerow belt for preventing wind and sand, which is used to protect shoreline erosion, has the function of generally fixing sand and soil and preventing their loss.

[0008] Based on the desertification climate of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, and taking into account the growth habits of various species of Juncao, including Giant Juncao, Purple Elephant Grass, Fortune Grass No. 6, King Grass, Oasis No. 1, and Oasis No. 2, and other diverse Juncao species, and adhering to the principles of "preventing shoreline erosion and preventing wind and sand fixation," this project aims to establish a river basin Juncao shoreline ecological protection barrier, primarily consisting of bio-protective dikes to prevent shoreline erosion and composite hedgerows to prevent wind and sand fixation, each containing one or a combination of Pennisetum and Arundo donax species. The massive biomass of Juncao plants aboveground increases near-surface roughness, thereby reducing wind speed and fixing shifting sand and soil, thus preventing wind and sand from entering the river. The Juncao's underground roots, weaving into a tight network, lock in sediment and prevent it from entering the river. The roots, stems, and leaves of Juncao all have excellent wave-cutting and wave-reducing properties, greatly reducing the scouring and erosion of river water on shorelines, significantly reducing the influx of silt and soil into rivers, and preventing shoreline erosion. The Juncao ecological protection barrier along river shorelines provided in this application can effectively prevent river shoreline erosion, effectively achieving the comprehensive management effect of preventing shoreline erosion in desertified areas and the Juncao shoreline's wind-proof and sand (soil) blocking ecological functions, effectively building a rapid, efficient, and ecological Juncao biological protection belt management technology system along rivers in desertified areas.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, in the biological protection dike for preventing shoreline erosion, the Pennisetum genus is a combination of giant fungus grass and at least one of purple elephant grass, fortune grass No. 6, king grass and hybrid Pennisetum, and the Phragmites genus is selected from at least one of Oasis No. 1, Oasis No. 2, Oasis No. 3, Oasis No. 4, Oasis No. 5, Oasis No. 6, Oasis No. 7, Oasis No. 8, Oasis No. 9, Oasis No. 10, Oasis No. 11, Oasis No. 12 and Oasis No. 13.

[0010] In a more preferred embodiment, the biological protection dike for preventing shoreline erosion further includes native plants surrounding the Pennisetum and / or Arundo donax mushroom grass.

[0011] In a further preferred embodiment, the bio-protective dike for preventing shoreline erosion is 5 to 25 meters wide and is composed of individual species of Juncao, such as Pennisetum giant fungus grass, purple elephant grass, and Fucao No. 6, and individual species of Arundo donax, such as Oasis No. 1 and Oasis No. 3, or other such species, and surrounding native plants. More preferably, the bio-protective dike for preventing shoreline erosion is 10 meters wide.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, in the windbreak, sand fixation and sand-blocking composite grass hedge belt, the Pennisetum genus is a combination of giant fungus grass and at least one of purple elephant grass, Fortune Grass No. 6, king grass and hybrid Pennisetum, and the Phragmites genus is selected from at least one of Oasis No. 1, Oasis No. 2, Oasis No. 3, Oasis No. 4, Oasis No. 5, Oasis No. 6, Oasis No. 7, Oasis No. 8, Oasis No. 9, Oasis No. 10, Oasis No. 11, Oasis No. 12 and Oasis No. 13.

[0013] In a more preferred solution, the windbreak and sand-fixing composite grass hedge further comprises native plants surrounding the Pennisetum and / or Arundo donax mushroom grass.

[0014] In some preferred embodiments of this application, the windbreak and sand-fixing composite grass hedgerow has a width of 10 to 200 meters and is composed of a combination of two genera of grasses: giant grass of the genus Pennisetum, purple elephant grass, and Arundo donax, along with surrounding native plants. Preferably, the windbreak and sand-fixing composite grass hedgerow has a width of 60 meters.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for constructing a river bank grass ecological protection barrier, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Planting biological embankments to prevent shoreline erosion: near the river shoreline, plant biological embankments composed of Pennisetum and / or Arundo donax mushroom grasses in an area parallel to the river shoreline contour and at least 10m away from the river shoreline; Planting windbreak, sand-fixing and sand-blocking composite hedgerows: near the biological embankments to prevent shoreline erosion, plant windbreak, sand-fixing and sand-blocking composite hedgerows composed of Pennisetum and / or Arundo donax mushroom grasses along the area parallel to the river shoreline contour; the biological embankments to prevent shoreline erosion and the composite hedgerows to prevent windbreak, sand-fixing and sand-blocking composite hedgerows are adapted to the shape and length of the river shoreline.

[0017] The selection of mushroom grass varieties involved in this application can be selected according to the shoreline site conditions, management needs, local comprehensive utilization of mushroom grass and industrialization conditions, and resource advantages can be brought into play according to local conditions. In areas with developed edible and medicinal fungi industries, mushroom grasses such as giant mushroom grass with fast growth rate and high yield can be selected. In papermaking and board industry areas, mushroom grasses such as Arundo donax mushroom grass Oasis No. 1, Oasis No. 2, and Oasis No. 3 can be planted. Different mushroom grass combinations can also be selected according to actual conditions.

[0018] Giant Juncao has the characteristics of fast growth, strong tillering ability, tall plants, well-developed root system, and resistance to immersion. The root system can continuously fix sand for more than 10 years. Oasis No. 1, Oasis No. 3, etc. are cold-resistant, drought-resistant, resistant to burial pressure, and have good flexibility. They can naturally overwinter in a natural environment of -25℃. Other varieties include perennial native plants such as reed, ice grass, and Haloxylon ammodendron, all of which are planted from seeds. This application selects giant Juncao, purple elephant grass, Fucao No. 6, Oasis No. 1, Oasis No. 2, Oasis No. 3 and other Juncao according to climatic conditions and the growth habits of Juncao, to construct biological protection embankments to prevent shoreline erosion and composite grass hedges to prevent wind and sand (soil) and block sand (soil), forming a "one embankment and one belt" Juncao shoreline ecological protection barrier, which has an obvious comprehensive management effect on quickly preventing shoreline erosion and preventing wind and sand (soil) and blocking sand (soil) along river coastlines and desertified areas that are severely harmed by wind and sand.

[0019] In this application, the shape and length of the windbreak and sand-fixing (soil) and sand-blocking (soil) composite hedge belt are set according to the different coastline shapes and lengths formed in different waters, and "width" refers to the distance perpendicular to the river coastline contour line.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, when planting the biological protection dike to prevent shoreline erosion and / or the composite grass hedge belt for preventing wind and sand (soil) and blocking sand (soil), at least one of transplanting and planting giant fungus grass seedlings and hole-sowing and planting giant fungus grass seed stems is adopted. The above scheme means that the biological protection dike to prevent shoreline erosion and the composite grass hedge to prevent wind and sand (soil) and blocking sand (soil) can adopt the planting method of transplanting giant fungus grass seedlings, or can adopt the planting method of hole-sowing and planting giant fungus grass seed stems, or can adopt the planting method of combining transplanting and planting giant fungus grass seedlings and hole-sowing and planting giant fungus grass seed stems. Taking into account the setting location of the biological protection dike to prevent shoreline erosion and the survival and effectiveness cycle of the giant fungus grass seedlings, it is preferably more appropriate for the biological protection dike to prevent shoreline erosion to adopt the planting method of transplanting and planting giant fungus grass seedlings.

[0021] Among them, the selected giant fungus grass seedlings are giant fungus grass plants that are 6 to 8 months old, 2m to 3m tall, and have 4 to 8 tillers; the selected Oasis No. 1 seedlings are plants that are 6 to 8 months old, 2m to 2.5m tall, and have 3 to 10 tillers.

[0022] In some preferred embodiments, when planting the bio-protection dikes to prevent shoreline erosion, the giant grass and other grasses are planted in holes along the contour lines of the river bank, with a spacing of 1m x 1m. The holes are 40cm deep (in other embodiments, any size can be 30cm to 50cm) and 20cm in diameter (in other embodiments, any size can be 10cm to 30cm). 80g to 120g of nitrogen-fixing bacterial fertilizer is applied to each hole. The giant grass seedlings are placed in the holes, and the gaps around the holes are covered with soil and compacted. Reed seeds are evenly sprinkled around each hole, and then covered with soil and compacted. After planting, water is applied to establish rooting. Later, water is irrigated every 3 to 5 days depending on weather conditions. Preferably, a micro-spraying system is laid in the giant grass planting area, comprising a plurality of micro-spraying strips arranged in parallel, with a row spacing of approximately 1m. The main function of biological protection dikes to prevent shoreline erosion is to lock in sediment and reduce the scouring and erosion of the shoreline by river water. Based on this, giant fungus grass, which has tall plants, developed root systems, is resistant to immersion, and can continuously fix sand for more than 10 years, can play the best role in protecting river shorelines and preventing erosion.

[0023] In some preferred embodiments, when planting the windbreak and sand (soil) and sand (soil) blocking composite grass hedge, the spacing of the giant fungus grass is set to 1m×2m, the hole depth is 20cm~50cm, the hole diameter is 10cm~30cm, 70g~120g of fungus grass nitrogen-fixing fertilizer is applied to each hole, the gaps around the hole are covered with soil and compacted, and sufficient rooting water is applied, and water is applied every 3d~5d. The giant fungus grass is planted in holes, the ground is turned, and the giant fungus grass seedlings are placed in the holes. The gaps around the holes are covered with 5cm of soil and compacted, and suitable seed plants are evenly planted around each hole according to the geographical environment and climatic conditions of the planting site, and the soil is covered with 5cm and compacted. After planting, sufficient rooting water is applied, and water is applied every 3d~5d according to weather conditions. Preferably, a drip irrigation system is laid in the giant fungus grass planting area, and the drip irrigation system includes several drip irrigation belts arranged in parallel, the drip irrigation belt row spacing is about 2m, and each drip position is 1m apart. The drip irrigation system also facilitates watering after planting and during the growing season of the windbreak and sand (soil) blocking composite grass hedgerow. The primary function of windbreak and sand (soil) blocking composite grass hedgerow is to prevent and block wind and sand (soil). Therefore, choosing giant fungus grass, which has tall plants and a well-developed root system that can continuously fix sand for more than 10 years, is the best choice for windbreak and sand fixation in desert areas.

[0024] In some preferred embodiments, when planting the windbreak and sand-fixing composite hedgerow, the giant fungus grass and Oasis No. 1 can be planted in a staggered pattern, with a row spacing of 1m x 2m. The holes are dug with a machine to create a 35cm deep hole (in other embodiments, any size can be 30cm to 50cm) and a 20cm diameter hole (in other embodiments, any size can be 10cm to 30cm). 80g to 120g of nitrogen-fixing fungus fertilizer is applied to each hole. The giant fungus grass and Oasis No. 1 seedlings are placed vertically into the hole. The gaps around the hole are covered with soil and compacted. Native plant seeds are evenly spread around each hole and then covered with soil and compacted. After planting, sufficient water is applied to establish rooting. Water is then applied every 4 to 6 days depending on weather conditions. Preferably, a drip irrigation system is installed in the giant fungus grass and Oasis No. 1 planting area. The drip irrigation system comprises several drip tapes arranged in parallel, with rows spaced approximately 2m apart and drip holes spaced 1m apart. The drip irrigation system also facilitates watering after planting and during the growing season of the composite hedgerows. Giant Juncao plants are tall, have a well-developed root system, and are resistant to immersion, enabling them to continuously fix sand for over 10 years. Oasis No. 1 and No. 3 are cold-resistant, drought-tolerant, resilient to burial pressure, and highly flexible. Their combined use provides optimal synergy for windbreaks and sand fixation in desert regions, as well as for preventing shoreline erosion along river banks.

[0025] Preferably, the width of the biological protection dike for preventing shoreline erosion is 5m to 25m, and the width of the wind-proof and sand-fixing composite hedge belt is 10m to 200m.

[0026] Preferably, the Pennisetum genus is a combination of giant fungus grass and at least one of purple elephant grass, fortune grass No. 6, king grass and hybrid Pennisetum, and the Arundo donax genus is selected from at least one of Oasis No. 1, Oasis No. 2, Oasis No. 3, Oasis No. 4, Oasis No. 5, Oasis No. 6, Oasis No. 7, Oasis No. 8, Oasis No. 9, Oasis No. 10, Oasis No. 11, Oasis No. 12 and Oasis No. 13. Beneficial effects

[0027] Different from the existing technology, the above technical solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) The river bank mushroom grass ecological protection barrier and its construction method provided in this application is a biological measure with low investment and rapid results. The establishment of a river bank mushroom grass ecological protection barrier has the characteristics of low investment and rapid results. The total cost of mushroom grass plants, planting and engineering is only 10% to 15% of the engineering measure gabion dam, and less than 50% of afforestation. Giant mushroom grass is a C4 plant with high photosynthesis efficiency and fast growth rate. After three months of planting, it can form an effective mushroom grass shoreline ecological protection barrier, achieving the effect of quickly preventing wind and sand (soil) from entering the river and preventing shoreline erosion and sediment from entering the river.

[0029] (2) The river bank ecological protection barrier provided by this application has a good effect in preventing river bank erosion and preventing wind and sand (soil) blocking. Planting mushroom grass on the wind-proof and sand-fixing (soil) blocking sand (soil) composite grass hedge as the windward slope can effectively reduce wind speed. Compared with the same area where the wind-proof and sand-fixing (soil) blocking sand (soil) composite grass hedge is not planted, the slope wind speed is significantly reduced, with the maximum wind speed reduced by 55% to 90%, and the maximum instantaneous wind speed is reduced from level 7-8 to level 2-3. Planting mushroom grass on the wind-proof and sand-fixing (soil) blocking sand (soil) composite grass hedge as the leeward slope can effectively fix sand (soil) blocking sand (soil). Compared with the same area where the wind-proof and sand-fixing (soil) blocking sand (soil) composite grass hedge is not planted, the amount of sand collected within 30 cm above the ground is significantly reduced. The closer to the surface, the greater the amount of sand reduction, and the amount of sediment flowing into the river water can be reduced by more than 90%.

[0030] (3) Achieve a win-win situation for ecological and economic benefits. Establishing a river bank ecological protection barrier of Juncao can closely combine ecological and economic benefits. When the dry season arrives in winter, the planted Juncao can be harvested. The harvested Juncao can be used as a culture medium for edible and medicinal fungi such as shiitake mushrooms and Ganoderma lucidum, as feed for livestock and poultry such as cattle, sheep, pigs, and geese, and as biomass energy and biomass materials, thereby improving economic benefits. Juncao with a stubble of 30cm to 50cm can continue to play its ecological value in preventing shoreline erosion and preventing wind and sand (soil) from being fixed. Utilizing resource advantages according to local conditions, developing local industries, and achieving a win-win situation for ecological, economic, and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is an illustration of the river bank grass ecological protection barrier provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0032] FIG2 is an illustration of a shoreline sloped surface Juncao biological protection embankment of a river shoreline Juncao ecological protection barrier provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0033] FIG3 is a blank control diagram comparing the Juncao biological protection dike on the slope of the river bank in Example 1 of the present application;

[0034] FIG4 is a diagram illustrating the erosion of the bank slope of the Juncao biological protection embankment of the river bank provided in Example 1 of the present application (3 months);

[0035] FIG5 is a diagram illustrating the bank erosion of a blank control compared with the Juncao bioprotection dike on the shoreline slope in Example 1 of the present application (3 months);

[0036] Figure 6 is a comparison of the wind speed reduction on the windward slope before and after the implementation of the river bank grass ecological protection barrier measures of this application;

[0037] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating the riverbank scour and erosion situation in the Liuguai Shatou slope collapse area in Example 2 of the present application (July 2020);

[0038] Figure 8 is a diagram of the situation after the river bank mushroom grass ecological protection barrier was planted in the Liuguaishatou slope collapse area in Example 2 of the present application (August 2021). Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0039] In order to explain the technical content, structural features, achieved objectives and effects of the technical solution in detail, the following is a detailed description in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0040] References to "embodiments" herein mean that the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the word "embodiment" in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it particularly limit its independence or relevance to other embodiments. In principle, in this application, as long as there are no technical contradictions or conflicts, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any manner to form a corresponding implementable technical solution.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the use of relevant terms herein is only for describing specific embodiments and is not intended to limit this application.

[0042] In the description of this application, the term "and / or" is used to describe a logical relationship between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B means: A exists, B exists, and both A and B exist. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the objects before and after are in a logical "or" relationship.

[0043] In this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual quantity, priority or sequence relationship between these entities or operations.

[0044] Without further limitations, in this application, the words "include", "comprise", "have" or other similar expressions used in the sentences are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. These expressions do not exclude the presence of additional elements in the process, method or product including the elements, so that the process, method or product including a series of elements may include not only those defined elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method or product.

[0045] Consistent with the understanding in the Examination Guidelines, in this application, expressions such as "greater than," "less than," and "exceed" are understood to exclude the number itself; expressions such as "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the number itself. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more (including two), and similar expressions related to "multiple," such as "multiple groups" and "multiple times," are also understood in this manner, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0046] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the space-related expressions used, such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "vertical", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the specific embodiments or drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the specific embodiments of the present application or facilitating the reader's understanding, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific position, a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0047] Unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed", "set", etc. used should be understood in a broad sense. For example, the "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated setting; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art of the present application, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances. Example

[0048] This embodiment takes Yanwangbizi in Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia as an example to provide a mushroom grass Yellow River shoreline ecological protection barrier and its construction method.

[0049] Yanwangbizi, located in Alxa League, Inner Mongolia, is the section where the Yellow River meets the Ulan Buh Desert. Along this 5.7-kilometer stretch of river, wind and sandstorms are particularly severe. Strong winds have buried large tracts of farmland along the Yanwangbizi River, while the riverbanks have also been gradually retreating due to lateral erosion. Satellite remote sensing data shows that between 2010 and 2019, the riverbank retreated by as much as 205 meters at its widest point, causing siltation in the riverbed and reducing its ability to carry floodwaters and ice. This has severely impacted the region's ecological environment, the livelihoods of residents along the river, and inflicted significant economic losses.

[0050] In May 2022, seedlings were raised in the area and transplanted along an area 10m to 100m away from the coastline. By August, a 300m long and 80m wide river bank barrier was formed to prevent wind and sand (soil) from flowing into the Yellow River. The barrier effectively blocks the flow of sediment into the Yellow River. The specific implementation methods and operation steps are as follows:

[0051] (1) Variety selection and seedling cultivation: ① Giant Juncao: Plant the seed stems of Giant Juncao in a nutrient pot and cultivate them in a greenhouse. When the seedlings grow for 6 to 8 months, the plant height is 2m to 3m, and there are 4 to 8 tillers, the seedlings of Giant Juncao are complete and can be transplanted. ② Oasis No. 1: Plant the seed stems of Oasis No. 1 in a nutrient pot and cultivate them in a greenhouse. When the seedlings grow for 6 to 7 months, the plant height is 2m to 2.5m, and there are 3 to 10 tillers, the seedlings of Oasis No. 1 are complete and can be transplanted. ③ Other varieties: Collect seeds of perennial native plants such as reed, Haloxylon ammodendron, and tamarisk that are full-grained and free of impurities, and sow them directly in holes.

[0052] (2) Based on the wind direction, wind speed, and other information of Yanwangbizi in Alxa League, Inner Mongolia, the site selected in this embodiment, a windbreak and sand fixation strip of Juncao was planted on the windward slope: In late May, a windbreak and sand fixation (soil) blocking sand (soil) composite grass hedge strip 300m long and 30m wide was planted parallel to the Yellow River coastline in the area 40m to 70m away. In the areas outside the strip where wind and sand hazards are serious, a square grass grid with a side length of 1m was made of rice straw. A drip irrigation system was laid in the Juncao planting area of ​​the windbreak and sand fixation (soil) blocking sand (soil) composite grass hedge strip, with a row spacing of 2m and each drip hole position 1m apart. Giant Juncao is planted in fish-scale holes with a row spacing of 1m×2m. The holes are 35cm deep and 20cm in diameter. 90g of nitrogen-fixing fungal fertilizer is applied to each hole. The giant Juncao seedlings are placed vertically in the holes. The gaps around the holes are covered with 5cm of soil and compacted. Haloxylon ammodendron seeds are evenly sprinkled around each hole, covered with 5cm of soil and compacted. After planting, water is applied to allow the roots to take root. In the later stage, water is drip-irrigated every 3-5 days depending on the weather conditions.

[0053] (3) Planting of Juncao on the leeward slope to prevent sand from entering the river: In late May, a 300m long and 30m wide windbreak and sand-fixing composite hedgerow belt parallel to the shoreline was planted in the area 10m to 40m along the Yellow River shoreline (connecting the above-mentioned windward slope and the middle area within 10m from the shoreline). A drip irrigation system was laid in the Juncao planting area of ​​the windbreak and sand-fixing composite hedgerow belt, with a row spacing of 2m and each drip hole position 1m apart. Plant in holes alternately in the order of giant fungus grass and oasis No. 1 (in other embodiments, oasis No. 1 can also be replaced by any one of oasis No. 2, oasis No. 3, oasis No. 4, oasis No. 5, oasis No. 6, oasis No. 7, oasis No. 8, oasis No. 9, oasis No. 10, oasis No. 11, oasis No. 12 and oasis No. 13, or a combination of any two or more, according to actual conditions), with a row spacing of 1m×2m, and hoe the soil. The hole depth is 35cm and the hole diameter is 20cm. Apply 100g of nitrogen-fixing fungus fertilizer for each hole, place giant fungus grass and oasis No. 1 seedlings vertically into the hole, cover the gaps around the hole with 5cm of soil and compact it, and evenly sprinkle flower stick seeds around each hole, cover with 5cm of soil and compact it. After planting, water it enough to establish roots. In the later stage, drip irrigation is used every 4d-6d according to weather conditions.

[0054] (4) Planting of bio-protective dikes to prevent shoreline erosion: In late May, a 20m wide contour line parallel to the shoreline was planted along the slope of the Yellow River to prevent shoreline erosion. A micro-spraying system was laid in the area of ​​the bio-protective dike to prevent shoreline erosion, with a row spacing of 1m. Giant grass was planted in fish-scale holes along the contour lines, with a row spacing of 1m×1m. The holes were 40cm deep and 20cm in diameter. 120g of nitrogen-fixing fungal fertilizer was applied to each hole. The giant grass seedlings were placed vertically in the holes. The gaps around the holes were covered with 5cm of soil and compacted. Reed seeds were evenly sprinkled around each hole, and the soil was covered with 5cm of soil and compacted. After planting, water was applied to the holes to establish roots. Later, water was irrigated every 3-5 days depending on weather conditions.

[0055] After implementing the above steps, a river bank mushroom-grass ecological protection barrier is formed. Among them, the wind-proof and sand-fixing (soil) and sand-blocking (soil) composite hedge belts and the biological protection embankment for preventing shoreline erosion both contain giant mushroom grass, which are planted parallel to the contour lines of the Yellow River shoreline. The biological protection embankment for preventing shoreline erosion and the wind-proof and sand-fixing (soil) and sand-blocking (soil) composite hedge belts are connected in sequence in a manner that gradually approaches the shoreline. For details, please refer to the illustration of the mushroom-grass shoreline ecological protection barrier shown in Figure 1.

[0056] Figure 2 is an illustration of a biological embankment for preventing shoreline erosion, which is a mushroom-grass ecological protection barrier formed along the river bank after the mushroom-grass is planted according to the above method. Figure 3 is an illustration of a blank control river bank, which is compared with the embankment on the slope of the bank where the mushroom-grass is not planted.

[0057] During the flood season from June to September 2022, the Yanwangbizi section of the Yellow River experienced three major floods. Observations showed that the first to third rows of Juncao were able to grow normally after being submerged in water for 35 days. The 300m long river bank without Juncao eroded into the desert by 265-420cm in width and 42-144cm in depth, with a total erosion depth of 956.9m. 3 , equivalent to 1560.0 tons of sediment flowing into the Yellow River; the 300m long river bank planted with Juncao eroded the desert by 62-139cm in width and 11-47cm in depth, with a total of 87.0m 3 , equivalent to 141.8 tons of sediment flowing into the Yellow River, a 90.9% reduction in sediment inflow. In just three months, the riverbank Juncao ecological protection barrier provided by this embodiment has a significant effect in preventing wind and sand (soil) and preventing shoreline erosion, as shown in Figure 4. In contrast, the blank control group, where no Juncao was planted and no riverbank Juncao ecological protection barrier was formed, suffered severe riverbank erosion, as shown in Figure 5.

[0058] Giant Juncao and Oasis No. 1 plants are tall, have strong tillering ability, are flexible, and have well-developed root systems. Juncao plantings can prevent wind and stabilize sand (soil), effectively reducing wind speed. Compared with the unplanted control, wind speeds on windward slopes forming a riverbank Juncao ecological barrier were significantly reduced after Juncao planting. The maximum wind speed decreased by 55%-90%, the corresponding wind force decreased by 42%-85%, and the common wind force decreased by 34%-40%. The effects of Juncao planting on windward slopes before and after forming a riverbank Juncao ecological barrier are shown in Figure 6 and Table 1.

[0059] Table 1 Effects of the Juncao ecological protection barrier on river bank on wind speed

[0060] Table 1 Effects of the Juncao ecological protection barrier on river bank on wind speed

[0061]

[0062] It can be seen from the data in Figure 6 and Table 1 that after the planting of Juncao to form a Juncao ecological protection barrier on the river bank, the wind speed on the windward slope where the windbreak and sand (soil) blocking composite grass hedge belt is located is significantly reduced, the wind force level is greatly reduced, and the windbreak and sand (soil) blocking effect is significant.

[0063] Giant Juncao (Juncao) boasts high yields, soft, crisp, juicy, and sweet stems and leaves, making it highly palatable. It contains 10%-16% crude protein and is rich in various trace elements, including selenium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, and calcium. It is a nutritious new high-quality forage for livestock and poultry, including cattle, sheep, pigs, geese, and rabbits. Yield measurements on September 5th showed that 98-day-old giant Juncao plants averaged 353.1 cm in height, with a maximum height of 381.5 cm. The plant grew 3.6 cm per day, had 18.5 tillers, and produced 21.1 kg of fresh grass per clump, yielding 7.0 tons per mu (approximately 1.5 acres) of fresh grass. As forage, the plant is valued at 3,150 yuan per mu. Therefore, establishing a Juncao shoreline ecological barrier can effectively achieve both ecological and economic benefits. Example

[0064] This embodiment takes Liuguaishatou in Dengkou County, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia as an example to provide a mushroom grass Yellow River shoreline ecological protection barrier and a construction method thereof.

[0065] The Liuguai Shatou section of the Yellow River is located on the eastern edge of the Ulan Buh Desert. The desert continues to move eastward under the influence of wind, and quicksand reaches the Yellow River. A large amount of sediment flows into the Yellow River, and riverbank erosion has formed a slope collapse area 80m long, 3-6m high, and with a slope of 36-82°. Please refer to Figure 7. In May 2021, giant fungus grass and Oasis No. 1 were planted along the river, forming an 80m long and 30-40m wide fungus grass strip that prevents wind and sand from entering the river and prevents sediment from flowing into the Yellow River. The specific implementation method and operation steps are as follows:

[0066] (1) Variety selection and seedling cultivation: ① Giant Juncao: Cultivated in nutrient pots in a greenhouse. When the seedlings are 7 months old, 2m to 3m tall, and have 4 to 8 tillers, they can be transplanted. ② Oasis No. 1: Cultivated in nutrient pots in a greenhouse. When the seedlings are 7 months old, 2m to 2.5m tall, and have 3 to 8 tillers, they can be transplanted.

[0067] (2) Planting of bio-protective dikes to prevent shoreline erosion: In May 2021, a bio-protective dike with a length of 80m and a width of 5m to 10m was planted along the contour line parallel to the shoreline. A drip irrigation system was laid in the area where the grass was planted, with a row spacing of 1m and a spacing of 1m between each drip hole. Holes were planted according to the contour line, with a row spacing of 1m×1m. The holes were 35cm deep and 25cm in diameter. 80g of nitrogen-fixing fungal fertilizer for grass was applied to each hole. The giant grass seedlings were removed from their nutrient pots and placed vertically into the holes. The gaps around the holes were covered with 5cm of soil and compacted. Ice grass seeds were evenly sprinkled around the holes and covered with 5cm of soil and compacted. After planting, sufficient water was applied to allow the roots to take root. Later, water was irrigated every 3-5 days depending on the weather conditions.

[0068] (3) Planting of windbreak and sand-fixing composite grass hedges: Plant a windbreak and sand-fixing composite grass hedge parallel to the shoreline with a length of 80m and a width of 25-30m in the area behind the biological protection embankment. Lay a drip irrigation system on the composite grass hedge with a row spacing of 2m and a distance of 1m between each drip hole. Plant giant fungus grass and oasis No. 1 in fish-scale holes with a row spacing of 1m×2m. Rotate the soil to make the hole 30-40cm deep and 25cm in diameter. Apply 80g of fungus grass nitrogen-fixing fertilizer to each hole. Put giant fungus grass and oasis No. 1 seedlings vertically into the hole in a row-covered manner. Cover the gaps around the hole with 5cm of soil and compact it. Sprinkle Haloxylon ammodendron and Cyperus rotundus seeds evenly around each hole and cover with 5cm of soil and compact it. After planting, water the holes enough to establish roots. In the later stage, drip irrigation is carried out every 3-5 days according to weather conditions.

[0069] Three months after planting, Juncao formed a tall biological wall and a closed root network, which has a significant effect in preventing wind and sand from entering the river. Please refer to Figure 8. The root system of the giant Juncao grown for 150 days is up to 575cm long, and each root clump covers an area of ​​18.8m 2 .

[0070] As demonstrated in the aforementioned examples, the proposed riverbank Juncao ecological barrier and its construction method are suitable for use in river basins such as the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, which are prone to desertification. The Juncao grass's aboveground vegetation and its powerful underground root system can quickly stabilize quicksand, reduce wind speeds, stabilize sand and soil, and prevent shoreline erosion in these areas. Furthermore, the Juncao ecological barrier achieves a win-win situation in terms of both ecological and economic benefits.

[0071] It should be noted that although the above embodiments have been described herein, this does not limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Therefore, based on the innovative concept of the present invention, changes and modifications to the embodiments described herein, or equivalent structural or equivalent process transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings, and direct or indirect application of the above technical solutions to other related technical fields, are all included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

[0072]

Claims

1. A river bank grass ecological protection barrier, characterized in that: include: Biological embankments for preventing shoreline erosion and composite grass hedges for preventing wind and sand fixation, which are composed of Pennisetum and / or Arundo donax fungi, are planted along contour lines parallel to river shorelines. The biological embankments for preventing shoreline erosion and composite grass hedges for preventing wind and sand fixation are connected in sequence in a manner that gradually approaches the river shoreline.

2. The river bank grass ecological protection barrier according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the biological protection dike for preventing shoreline erosion, the Pennisetum genus is a combination of giant fungus grass and at least one of purple elephant grass, lucky grass No. 6, king grass and hybrid Pennisetum, and the Phragmites genus is selected from at least one of Oasis No. 1, Oasis No. 2, Oasis No. 3, Oasis No. 4, Oasis No. 5, Oasis No. 6, Oasis No. 7, Oasis No. 8, Oasis No. 9, Oasis No. 10, Oasis No. 11, Oasis No. 12 and Oasis No.

13.

3. The river bank grass ecological protection barrier according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The biological protection dike for preventing shoreline erosion also includes native plants surrounding the Pennisetum and / or Arundo donax mushroom grass.

4. The river bank grass ecological protection barrier according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The width of the biological protection dike for preventing shoreline erosion is 5m to 25m.

5. The river bank grass ecological protection barrier according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the wind-proof, sand-fixing and sand-blocking composite grass hedge belt, the Pennisetum genus is a combination of giant fungus grass and at least one of purple elephant grass, Fucao No. 6, king grass and hybrid Pennisetum, and the Phragmites genus is selected from at least one of Oasis No. 1, Oasis No. 2, Oasis No. 3, Oasis No. 4, Oasis No. 5, Oasis No. 6, Oasis No. 7, Oasis No. 8, Oasis No. 9, Oasis No. 10, Oasis No. 11, Oasis No. 12 and Oasis No.

13.

6. The river bank grass ecological protection barrier according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The wind-proof, sand-fixing and sand-blocking composite grass hedge belt also includes native plants surrounding the Pennisetum and / or Arundo donax mushroom grass.

7. The river bank grass ecological protection barrier according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The width of the wind-proof, sand-fixing and sand-blocking composite grass hedge belt is 10m to 200m.

8. A method for constructing a river bank grass ecological protection barrier, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Planting biological embankments to prevent shoreline erosion: Planting biological embankments to prevent shoreline erosion containing Pennisetum and / or Arundo donax mushroom grasses along the contour lines parallel to the river shoreline near the river shoreline; Planting windbreak and sand-fixing composite grass hedge belts: Plant windbreak and sand-fixing composite grass hedge belts containing Pennisetum and / or Arundo donax fungus grasses along the contour lines parallel to the river shoreline near the biological protection dike to prevent shoreline erosion; The biological protection dike for preventing shoreline erosion and the composite grass hedge belt for preventing wind and sand are adapted to the shape and length of the river shoreline.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The width of the biological protection dike for preventing shoreline erosion is 5m to 25m, and the width of the wind-proof and sand-fixing composite grass hedge belt is 10m to 200m.

10. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The Pennisetum genus is a combination of giant fungus grass and at least one of purple elephant grass, Fucao No. 6, king grass and hybrid Pennisetum, and the Arundo donax genus is selected from at least one of Oasis No. 1, Oasis No. 2, Oasis No. 3, Oasis No. 4, Oasis No. 5, Oasis No. 6, Oasis No. 7, Oasis No. 8, Oasis No. 9, Oasis No. 10, Oasis No. 11, Oasis No. 12 and Oasis No. 13.

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