Method and device for machining, perforating, cutting into, or cutting through a specific layer of a multi-layer cable

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for precisely machining specific layers (1) of a cable (2). In the process, the cable contour or the contour of the specific layer (1) is first measured in order to then precisely cut into the layer, perforate the layer, or the like along the contour using tools (4).

Description

[0001]Method and device for processing, perforating, incising or cutting through a specific layer of a multi-layer cable. The invention relates to a method and device for processing, perforating, incising or cutting through a specific layer of a multi-layer cable in a cable processing device with a tool holder rotating about a first rotational axis, to which at least one knife is attached, wherein the angular position of the tool holder and thus of the knife as well as its distance from the first rotational axis - thus the processing depth - can be measured, controlled and regulated. A specific layer is understood to mean any layer of a cable that must be processed specifically once. This can be the following layers in particular, but not limited to: Composite layer made of different materials - in particular plastic-metal foils such as, for example,used in high-voltage cables - metal foils of all kinds, shielding braids, semi-rigid metal pipes and metallic conductors, plastic foils or plastic fillers or plastic insulation layers, etc. The only criterion that the specific layer must meet according to the invention is: it must be processable and it or an underlying layer must be detectable. The invention is based on the closest prior art created by the invention itself with the publication number WO2020 / 119960A1. This prior publication by Schleuniger AG relates to a method for removing a shielding foil (K2) of an electrical cable (Ka) with a longitudinal axis (L), which, starting from the longitudinal axis outwards, has an inner conductor (K5), a dielectric (K4), the shielding foil (K2) and an insulating sheath (K1), comprising the following steps: a.Creating an incision (EK) of a first depth (T1) in the insulating sheath (K1) of the electrical cable (Ka), for example by means of the rotating blades (23) of a rotary cable processing device, wherein the first depth (T1) is less than or equal to the thickness of the insulating sheath (K1); b. Creating a predetermined breaking point (S) in the shielding foil (K2) by pressing at least one radially adjustable perforation tool through the incision (EK) created in step a. until the perforation tool has reached a second depth (T2), wherein the second depth (T2) corresponds at least to the thickness of the insulating sheath (K2) plus at least half the thickness of the shielding foil (K2); c. Tearing through the shielding foil at the predetermined breaking point (S); and d. Pulling off the shielding foil (K2). This known prior art, which is also used in practice, also relates to a device for implementing the method described above.In this state of the art, an initial rotary incision / all-round cut is made at a first depth of a cable, based on knowledge of its structure. Subsequently, a perforation is made in the shielding foil so that it can be more easily torn / ripped through at the perforated point during later removal. The perforation is made using a radially piercing or indenting knife edge positioned tangentially to the cable. This is done to a depth that corresponds at least to the thickness of the insulating sheath (K2) plus at least half the thickness of the shielding foil (K2). This piercing / indenting process is also achieved based on knowledge of the cable structure and appropriate programming of the knife feed device. Furthermore, this state-of-the-art design utilizes a system developed by Schleuniger AG under the trade name SmartDetect.This ensures that during the rotary incision or any partial or full removal of the insulating sheath, any contact between the blades of the rotary cable processing device and the shielding foil or braid is detected. This allows any unwanted contact of the blade with the electrically conductive layers – or any damage to them – to be identified. This thus serves for quality control. The same system is also used in another way: namely, the perforation tool is stopped upon contact with an electrically conductive object during a cutting process – according to the state of the art, upon contact with a shielding foil or braid – so that the pressing in of the perforation tool is stopped depending on the detection.This ensures that, on the one hand, a sufficiently deep predetermined breaking point is created in the shielding foil, while, on the other hand, the underlying layers are not unduly injured / damaged. Thus, the known process also serves as quality assurance. In summary, it can be said that in the known state of the art, with knowledge of the dimensions of the cable structure, a rotary cut is made to a specific depth. The knife is then pressed into the cable step by step, non-rotating. If contact is made with the metal foil, this is detected, and the knife is immediately pressed a little deeper. The knife is then raised again, rotated further, and advanced again, touched, and pressed again.In this stop-and-go process, the foil is gradually perforated, with the knife's perforation contour taking the shape of a polygon and the perforations forming at the tangents or secants. Processing round coaxial cables is easily possible with this setup, and good results are achieved in practice. This is primarily because the shielding foil is often constructed in two layers, and the top side of the shielding foil in a coaxial cable is usually made of plastic, with a conductive part of the shielding foil underneath, and because the braided shield is only underneath that. In other words: the depth of the secant-shaped indentations of the knife into the shielding foil is controlled in the critical area via the contact by SmartDetect – naturally with knowledge of the overall structure of the cable in question, which is particularly important for the precise rotary incision just before the foil.This incision depth must be entered into the control system in advance. With such a known device, even non-circular cables could be perforated on their shielding foil using a special, cable-specific perforation tool. Another prior art document: WO2023 / 072989, also from Schleuniger AG, shows this in Fig. 24 and on page 52 from line 3. However, it also requires a separate position detection device to detect the position of the cable and position the cable-specific perforation tool accordingly. This allows evenly deep perforations to be made on shielding foils, even with three-pole cables, since SmartDetect stops the pressing-punching / perforation process when the desired depth is reached, i.e.when the plastic layer of the shielding foil is penetrated and the conductive layer of this shielding foil or the shielding braid is touched, plus an optional, cable-specific additional depth adjustment. However, SmartDetect does not help with this known process to cut the non-conductive insulation sheath to the correct depth. If an incorrect setting is made there, the rotary cut may be made too deeply, and the shielding foil or the shielding braid may be damaged or even severed by this cutting process. However, this damage is detected, so that an assessment of the further usability of the processed cable piece can be made (quality control, rejects). On the other hand, if the rotary cut is not made deep enough due to the setting and then perforated without rotation, the cable may suffer.The perforation process is hindered by an excessively thick remainder of the overlying, uncut cable layer, often made of hard insulation material. A relatively thick insulation layer that has not been cut sufficiently during rotation hinders the knife from pushing through to the layer to be perforated. However, this pushing through is necessary, for example, with shielding foils for perforation purposes. In another publication, WO2020119916A1, Schleuniger AG also pointed out the advantageous use of rolling, rotating tools for cutting into cable layers and SmartDetect for quality assurance and cutting depth control. This intervenes before any damage to the underlying conductor occurs. Thus, quality assurance is also achieved here using SmartDetect. This prevents the conductor or a shielding braid from being damaged during the cutting and stripping process.The invention – based on this prior art – has the object of better and more precisely incising, perforating, or cutting through certain layers whose position and / or extent in the cable is not precisely known, or of preventing damage to certain layers by incising the overlying layers more precisely than is possible with the known structures. This object is achieved by the characterizing features of method claim 1 and device claim 20. Advantageous further developments are set forth in the description, the figures, and the dependent patent claims. This approach uses a completely novel approach in the cable processing industry. The cable is scanned "on the fly" using the knife to identify and record its structure, subsequently enabling precise processing based on this knowledge.The method for processing, perforating, incising, cutting, or flanging a specific layer of a multi-layer cable in a cable processing device comprises two essential process steps that run one after the other: a first rotary process step in which the cable and / or the specific layer is scanned in order to determine its spatial extent or contour relative to the first rotational axis of a tool holder device and to derive knife feed commands for a subsequent processing operation from the contour data thus obtained. Known methods for diameter determination do not include the use of a rotary knife that measures the cable currently being processed following a cable layer contour.In other words, the invention assigns a knife a new, second task, namely a measuring task in the sense of continuously scanning the cable currently being processed in order to generate measured values, namely contour data, which are stored in order to identify the structure and position of the cable and then derive feed commands for this scanning knife or any other knives. Measuring is also understood here to include comparison with machine units, such as those of an encoder or a motor that adjusts the scanning knife. Whether these values ​​are converted into known linear or angular measurements is not important. The aim of the invention is to ensure that a measured contour can be reproduced by the machine's control and regulation.In a second rotary process step, the knife (4) is advanced according to the knife advance commands depending on the angle of rotation, so that the specific layer, regardless of its nominal contour and spatial position and regardless of the rotational clamping position of the cable with respect to the cable's longitudinal axis, but depending on its scanned contour, is evenly processed, perforated, incised, or cut through without damaging underlying layers. The nominal contour is understood to be the expected contour based on known cable dimensions. In short, one could say: A cable to be processed is inserted into the innovative cable processing device and, in a first pass, is rotary-measured with the scanning knife, so that the relative arrangement of the affected cable layer with respect to the rotational axis of the rotary cable processing device is determined.In a second pass, the cutting / processing is then carried out rotaryly, with the measured values ​​from the first pass controlling the blade feed. If necessary, measured values ​​can also be recorded and saved during the second pass in order to record the contour even more precisely. In this way, the absolute cutting depth is adjusted on demand depending on the angle of rotation, so that the relative cutting depth / perforation depth is as precise as desired around the 360° of the cable – even with non-circular cables. This can also be done for the cable sheath on its outer circumference if necessary and depending on the scanning capability of the cable sheath. In other words: the specific layer can also be the topmost layer of the cable. In contrast to the state of the art, this not only results in quality control, but also in quality control, in which the cable processing can be carried out more precisely. Any deviations from the standard (e.g.Non-circular layers) or deviations from a nominal contour, e.g., within a tolerance range of known cables, are thus taken into account, and processing of these cables according to the invention no longer leads to rejects due to excessive or insufficient penetration depth by the processing tool (knife). An improved method results if the first rotary process step is carried out by a rolling cutting movement or indentation movement / forming, in which the scanning knife is designed as a scanning roller knife, which is equipped to cut into the outer layer(s) on the one hand and then, or during the same time, scan the specific layer—thus an inner layer.Known roller blades have the advantage of a rolling cut, which generally results in less cutting resistance and thus enables a cut with less impairment of the cable structure - especially when the underlying layer is hard, such as in the case of braided shields. One of the method steps applicable according to the invention is that the location or contour data of the contact points created during scanning are recorded and stored, so that the geometric / spatial extent or contour of the specific layer is derived from the contour data. The contour data are then converted into blade feed commands by a control and regulation device or in the control and regulation program - if necessary with the aid of a contour data conversion program.According to the invention, according to a special embodiment, the contour data for the contact points created during scanning can be stored in a table as polar number pairs, wherein the number pairs indicate, on the one hand, the angular position / circular sector position of the scanning knife around the first rotational axis and, on the other hand, the distance between the scanning knife and the first rotational axis, so that the data of the table are then preferably subsequently converted into the knife feed commands by a control and regulating device or in the control and regulating program. The invention is to be understood so broadly that the essential elements can also be limited to performing a rotary incision with prior contact scanning without necessarily having to hold the cable clamped. For example,A scanning unwinding knife is arranged opposite two support unwinding knives, and the cable is held in place during the scanning process and throughout the entire cable processing without any clamping device, solely by the centering effect of the three scanning unwinding or support unwinding knives. This is particularly important for flexible cables, as these may be somewhat unstable in the processing area despite being clamped close to the processing area with holding jaws.Therefore, in an alternative further development of the method for certain cables, it is provided that the cable is centered by at least one, preferably two, support knives and the contour data for the contact points created during scanning are stored in a table as a pair of numbers, whereby the data of the pair of numbers indicate, on the one hand, the angular position / circular sector position of the scanning knife about the first axis of rotation and, on the other hand, the inner circle diameter formed by the cutting edges of the scanning knife and the support knives and that the pair of numbers are then preferably converted into the knife feed commands by a control and regulation device or in the control and regulation program.An elegant method arises when a complete revolution of the tool holder device is divided into n equal-sized circular sectors, so that a decision can be made as to whether or not, for a certain cutting radius (r), the scanning knife has touched the specific layer within a circular sector arc. A circular sector is classified as touched if contact was detected at more than one selected limit value of the measuring points / scanning points within the circular sector arc. r (or d) is measured as a function of the angle ^ of the tool holder device (r=f(^)); d is to be interpreted as the incircle of the three support points. It should be noted that the term cutting radius can also include those cutting radii that do not lie on the straight line between the rotational axis and the second rotational axis of the scanning roller knife (or another cutting roller knife).This also includes those cutting radii that result when a non-circular cable (e.g. a cable with a triangular cross-section) is scanned. This is because, due to the deviation from the shape of the specific layer of the cable, which is concentric with the first rotation axis, contact with the specific layer of the cable occurs, depending on the unwinding position, at points that are not on the aforementioned straight line. As can be clearly seen in Figure 14. The contour data conversion program or the control system automatically takes this fact into account by measuring or recording the relative contour data, i.e. the knife positions as a function of the rotation angle, at which contact occurs. This is then used to derive the correct infeed data for processing, e.g. for perforation. This even if the respective processing does not take place on the aforementioned straight line in the respective relative position.Particularly good scanning is achieved if the cutting radius (r) or the cutting diameter (d) is gradually advanced by an adjustable value ^r per revolution until the cable sheath is at least locally cut through and at least one sector arc of the underlying specific inner layer (1) is touched there, so that the first contact radius rTo1 with which at least one sector arc was touched is assigned to the corresponding sector number by the program by writing rTo1 at the appropriate location in a table (9a) or a vector (9b), such as in a radius touch array (rToAr). If all other sectors of the vector are then provisionally assigned a second contact radius rTo2 = rTo1 - ^r, with the rToAr or the vector serving as the source for the radius target value for the next scanning revolution, the following scanning revolution runs without violating those locations at which a contact has already been detected.On the other hand, the previously untouched areas are fed in a depth of ^r. Scanning can preferably be ended when the scanning knife has touched each sector at least once during an entire revolution, with a circular sector preferably being classified as touched if contact has been detected at more than one limit value of the measuring points / scanning points within the circular sector arc. The knife feed commands can then be derived or taken from the vector – e.g., using a contour data conversion program. The scanning process can also be designed so that as soon as the scanning knife touches the layer once, the scanning knife is lifted again and, once contact is no longer made, is fed in again, while the scanning knife continues to rotate around the cable, scanning it in a circular motion. This type of scanning is therefore designed as a two-point control.The resulting scanning curve is shown in Fig. 24. As with any two-point control, this results in an oscillation superimposed on the setpoint, the amplitude and wavelength of which depend significantly on the reaction time of the entire control system and, in this case, on the ratio of the peripheral speed to the feed speed of the scanning knife. Fig. 24 shows those contour points at which a change in state from touched to untouched or vice versa was detected by the contact detection. For two-point control, it is sufficient to save these points as contact changes in a table as r(^). As additional information for further processing of the data, the information as to whether a point is the start or end of contact is preferably stored in another table column. The contour data can be smoothed by interpolation between these points.When scanning with two-point control, other data acquisition variants are also conceivable. For example, the raw data can be freed of the vibrations caused by the two-point control using suitable filtering. The interpolated / smoothed / filtered contour data can be mathematically divided into n sector arcs, and the respective contact radii can be saved in the table / vector. Using the contour data from the table or the vector, the contour can be mapped as a linear mathematical contour function. The knife feed commands can also be derived from this linear mathematical contour function. Representing the contour as a linear mathematical contour function has the advantage that the contour data in the table or vector are freed from discretization jumps, and the contour function is continuous.Converting the contour data into a suitable contour function therefore has a smoothing effect on the knife feed commands and thus on the contour to be followed by the knife. In particular, using the contour data from the table or vector, the contour can be represented as a cutting radius as a function of the angle ^, r = f(^), where r = f(^) is represented as a Fourier series, and the knife feed commands are derived from this Fourier series. Depending on the cable shape, the use of the Fourier series allows the harmonic order numbers of the harmonics used to determine the Fourier series function to be reduced or limited without significant loss of accuracy. This results in a limited Fourier series, and the knife feed commands can be derived from this limited Fourier series.According to a further development of the invention, the ordinal numbers and amplitudes of selected harmonics—thus a part of the spectrum of the Fourier series—are used with the help of statistical methods for cable recognition and subsequently for further decisions in the process sequence of the second method step. In one of the preferred computational methods, the coefficients of the linear mathematical contour function are determined using the method of least squares, and the knife feed commands are thus derived from this linear mathematical contour function. According to the invention, the fit of the mathematical contour function to the specific measured values ​​or the coefficient of determination can also be used for further decisions in the process sequence of the second method step.To compensate for measurement inaccuracies, the contour data of a table or vector can be filtered for data minimization and smoothing, or replaced and approximated with smoothed curves using Tikhonov regularization to optimize the feed commands with the smoothed values. Using known technologies, such as SmartDetect, the scanning can be performed electrically by detecting electrical contact between the scanning knife (4a, 4b) and the specific layer (1). This method thus potentially utilizes the known SmartDetect system from Schleuniger, but in a new way, since SmartDetect has not yet been used for scanning according to the invention in the sense of measuring the cable. Of course, electrical scanning only works if the corresponding cable layer or an underlying cable layer has electrically usable properties, such asa braided shield, an electrically conductive shielding foil, etc. The new process with two-point control can be controlled so that the peripheral speed of the scanning knife (4a, 4b) on the specific layer (1) when scanning, processing, perforating, or cutting the layer (1) is between 0.1 and 64, preferably 0.4 to 8 times the feed speed of the scanning knife (4a, 4b). To ensure a cable-optimized, high-quality process, the first process step can include a step-by-step cutting of the outer layer(s) (7), with the steps ^r being selected depending on the cable size, structure, and cable properties such as ductility, hardness, and dimensions of the individual layers and the cable core.According to a further development, the specified parameters can be stored in a database of a cable processing device control system, so that the cable processing device control system automatically calculates the steps ^r as soon as the corresponding parameters are entered. This allows processing operations to be started quickly and precisely. If the specific layer is not an outer layer, the first method step can involve cutting the outer layer(s) (7) in steps and with circular sector accuracy, wherein the number n of discrete circular sectors (11) over 360° comprises 1 to 100,000, preferably 6 to 360, in particular 12 to 90 circular sectors (11). The finer the subdivision, the more precise the scanning.The data in the table does not necessarily have to be an angular measurement or a radius / diameter or length measurement; diameter or radius values ​​can also be recorded, as output by an encoder of a motor for rotation or for the infeed of the blades. Apart from that, when using two-point control, it may also be useful to include the binary information: start of contact or end of contact in the table, so that in addition to the pair of numbers, a third piece of information is available for evaluation. With such additional information, the quality of the data filtering or the calculation of the infeed commands can be improved. "Stepwise" in the sense of the invention can also be understood as a gradient per circumference, so that spiral infeeds are also included. In a specific embodiment, for example,N = 36, so that the cable circumference is divided into thirty-six 10° sectors, which can be scanned one after the other. In a variant of the new method, a circular sector (11) is preferably classified as having been touched if contact has been detected at more than half or a fraction (e.g., a quarter) of the measuring points / scanning points within the circular sector arc (11a). The device claims protect a cable processing device for processing, in particular cutting, cutting through, or perforating a specific layer (1) of a multi-layer cable (2), which device can, in particular, carry out one of the previously described methods.This device has at least one knife (4) that can be fed onto a cable on a rotary tool holder device (12) with a tool feed device (15), having a first axis of rotation (5) and a cable processing space (13) arranged centrally thereto, into which a cable can be inserted or passed through or positioned, wherein the at least one knife (4) can be brought into contact with one or more cable layers in order to process, cut through, and / or perforate and / or pull them off, wherein the knife (4) is designed as a scanning unwinding knife (4b) and is connected to a contact detector (14) for detecting contact of the scanning unwinding knife (4b) with a specific cable layer (1), wherein the contact detector (14) is connected to a higher-level control, regulating and data storage device (10) so that in the processing or operating state the contour orthe contact radius r(^) of the specific cable layer in the cutting plane is scanned in relation to the first rotation axis (5) and in relation to the rotation angle ^ of the scanning unwinding knife (4b), and the contour data for the control or regulation of subsequent processing steps with the same cable processing device, on the same cable (2) are stored in the control, regulation and data storage device (10), without the need to re-tension or move the cable, and wherein preferably a contour data conversion program is provided which calculates the knife feed data for the knife feed device (15) from the contour data. Contour data conversion program is software orare computer program steps that take contour data and make it available - if necessary in processed / converted form - for controlling the knife feed device so that the scanning unwinding knife can perforate, cut / process, etc. to the correct depth following the contour. In a further development of the cable processing device, at least the scanning unwinding knife (4b) is electrically insulated from the non-rotating part of the cable processing device by an insulating layer (30) and the contact detector measures at least one electrical measurement variable so that an electrical contact or an electrical approach between the scanning unwinding knife (4b) and a specific electrically conductive cable layer (1) can be detected.A cable processing device according to the invention functions in a simple manner in terms of control technology if the at least one scanning unwinding knife (4b) can be controlled in such a way that the second rotary method step, namely the depth-controlled, correct processing, such as perforating, incising, or cutting through the specific layer (1), is carried out in the operating state with the at least one scanning unwinding knife (4b). As an alternative, in addition to the scanning unwinding knife (4b), at least one incising unwinding knife without a scanning function, or a incising slitting knife, or a flanging tool can be provided for processing, perforating, incising, or cutting through the specific layer (1), wherein at least one of these knives orTools (4b, 4e, 17) can be controlled such that the second rotary process step, namely the depth-controlled, correct processing, perforating, incising, cutting through, flanging, expanding, or slitting of the specific layer (1), is carried out in the processing or operating state with the at least one scanning unwinding knife (4b) and / or with the at least one single-cutting unwinding knife (4e) and / or with the single-cutting slitting knife and / or with a flanging tool. A single-cutting slitting knife generally does not process a cable all the way around the cable, but rather along the cable. The slot to be created or created is therefore parallel to the cable axis. Such single-cutting slitting knives can, if required, also be arranged in addition to unwinding single-cutting knives on the same tool holder device, so that both circumferential cuts and longitudinal cuts can be performed in accordance with the contour using one and the same cable processing device.A flanging tool according to the invention does not process the cable by cutting, but by deforming or reshaping or plastically deforming it, e.g. this also includes widening / flaring a braided metal shield. To improve the correct cutting depth, at least one supporting unwinding knife (4d) can be provided which has a blunt cutting edge. Alternatively, at least one supporting roller (4g) can be provided which supports the cable sheath against the scanning unwinding knife (4b). Alternatively, instead of a supporting unwinding knife (4d), at least one supporting sliding jaw (4h) with a lubricious coating can be provided, wherein the supporting rollers or the supporting sliding jaws, in the operating state, only roll or slide along the outside of the cable sheath for central guidance. The same effect is achieved if one - preferably two - supporting unwinding knives (4d) with preferably blunt cutting edges are provided on the tool holder device (12).which is / are in the same cutting plane as the scanning unwinding knife (4b) and that this / these, including the scanning unwinding knife (4b), are preferably evenly distributed around the first axis of rotation. In this way, the support unwinding knives support the cable lying between the unwinding knives during processing. The support unwinding knives run in the same circumferential groove formed by the scanning unwinding knife. This ensures that the support unwinding knives exactly center the cable together with the scanning unwinding knife. This will primarily be advantageous for round cables. However, if a cable is very out of round (e.g. Fig. 13), this design will not be ideal. In this case, support rollers or support sliding jaws are preferably used. The bluntness of the blades of the support unwinding knives prevents them from making unwanted cuts.In other words: The outer diameter of the blunt support unwinding blades is slightly smaller than their virtual cutting outer diameter. An alternative arises if the support unwinding blade(s) (4d) has / have a sharp cutting edge. In this case, not only the scanning unwinding blade cuts, but also the support unwinding blades. This can, if necessary, produce a complete circumferential cut with fewer revolutions or a smaller rotation angle for round cables. Ideally, the virtual diameters of the scanning unwinding blade and the support unwinding blade are the same, and the radial distances of the second rotation axes (18) from the first rotation axis (5) are also the same, which means that the virtual cutting edges of the support unwinding blades (4d) and the cutting edge of the scanning unwinding blade (4b) have the same radial distance from the first rotation axis (5). This achieves cable centering in such a setup.As a rule, it is expedient if only the (single) scanning unwinding knife is connected to the contact detector. However, there are also variants in which the contact detector is connected to several of the knives (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d), which, depending on the design of the tool holder, makes this more technically feasible. Since the blunt support unwinding knives generally do not detect contact because they do not cut as deeply, this design is an option. With sharp support unwinding knives, contact between these and the specific layer would be detected in the same way as contact by the scanning unwinding knife, thus providing quality control for certain processing steps or certain cable structures during cutting. A simple design of a cable processing device according to the invention results if the knives (4) or tools are each pivotably attached to the tool holder (12) orTool feed device (15) are attached and can be pivoted back and forth to the rotation axis (5) via an adjusting ring (20). An alternative, novel contact detection results if the contact detector is designed not as an electrical contact sensor, but as a force or vibration sensor (21) that can detect vibrations caused by the unwinding of a scanning unwinding knife (4b) on a specific cable layer, so that these vibrations can be assigned to the specific cable layer. Such force or vibration sensors detect typical forces / vibrations that result from scanning unwinding knives being subjected to forces in the radial direction when a change in the cable structure can be detected during the unwinding / cutting process. For example, if a layer suddenly becomes softer (less cutting resistance) or harder (more cutting resistance) during a continuous cutting process.Likewise, a force sensor can detect deformations in layers, such as the braided formations of a protective shield when cutting or rolling over them, as typical, meaningful shaking / rumbling forces / impacts / vibrations. Such effects are generated not only in braided formations, but also in overlying layers, which may also be deformed by the braided formations. Such vibration sensors can therefore detect such shielding braids without directly touching them. To use such sensors efficiently, locations must be selected where they can easily detect the forces acting on the knife or knives. These are typically locations where the scanning roll-off knife is mounted or clamped, on the knife itself, in the force flow of the knife feed device or the displacement unit. Piezo force sensors or strain gauge sensors are typically suitable as such contact sensors.Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the drawings. The list of reference numerals, as well as the technical content of the patent claims and figures, forms part of the disclosure. The figures are described coherently and comprehensively. Identical reference numerals denote identical components; reference numerals with different indices indicate functionally identical or similar components. These show: Fig. 1 a first embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention for processing, perforating, cutting into, or through a specific layer of a multi-layer cable, omitting the support structures; Fig. 2 vertical section through the first embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention; Fig. 3 vertical section of an embodiment of a rotary cutting head; Fig. 4 front view of a rotary cutting head; Fig.5 Displacement unit with force sensor for measuring the forces and vibrations on the scanning unwinding knife; Fig. 6 Shielded single-core high-voltage cable; Fig. 7 Non-circular shielded single-core high-voltage cable; Fig. 8 Three-core shielded cable with filler; Fig. 9 Rotary cutting head with one scanning unwinding knife and two support unwinding knives and a three-core shielded cable with filler; Fig. 10 Example of how a non-circular cable according to Fig. 7 is rotary scanned with discrete radius steps and the discrete radius values ​​are saved sector by sector; Fig. 11 Polar illustration of how the contour data of the cable in Fig. 10 is available as discrete radius values ​​as a function of the sector index after scanning; Fig. 12 Three-core cable with shielding foil and sheath; Fig. 13 perspective view of the rotary cutting head with a scanning roller blade and two support rollers and the cable according to Fig. 12; Fig.Fig. 14 frontal view of the rotary cutting head with a scanning unwinding knife showing the path of the second rotation axis 27; Fig. 15 cable as in Fig. 12, but eccentrically extruded; Fig. 16 front view of the rotary cutting head with a scanning unwinding knife and two support rollers and the eccentrically extruded cable according to Fig. 15; Fig. 17 shows the cable with the path of the second rotation axis, as it was scanned in Fig. 16 with measured values ​​of the scanning radii every 22.5°; Fig. 18 shows scanned measured values ​​of the cable according to Fig. 17, the sum of the 0th to 6th harmonics of a Fourier series and the 0th, 1st and 3rd harmonics individually; Fig. 19 shows the 1st, 2nd and 3rd harmonics of the Fourier series according to Fig. 17; Fig. 20 shows the 4th, 5th, and 6th harmonics of the Fourier series according to Fig. 17; Fig. 21 shows the amplitudes of the limited Fourier series according to Fig. 17; Fig.Fig. 22 A perspective view of the rotary cutting head with a scanning unwinding knife 4b and support sliding jaws 4h instead of support unwinding knives 4d or support rollers 4g and the cable according to Fig. 12; Fig. 23 A frontal view of the rotary cutting head with a scanning unwinding knife 4b and support sliding jaws 4h; Fig. 24 Scanning path of the non-circular shielded single-core high-voltage cable from Fig. 7 when scanned with a two-point control; Fig. 25 Perspective view of the traced contour when using a two-point control. Figs. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of an inventive device for processing, perforating, cutting or cutting through a specific layer of a multi-layer cable. In order to clearly illustrate the functionality, the support structure has been omitted in Fig. 1. This is partially shown in Fig. 2.A first motor 32 drives a fourth toothed belt pulley 37 and a third toothed belt pulley 36, which are rigidly connected to one another. The third toothed belt pulley 36 drives a first toothed belt pulley 34, which is rigidly connected to a rotor base 56, via a first toothed belt 40. The rotor base 56 is rotatably mounted in a bearing flange 51, which is screwed to a front plate 52. As can be seen in more detail in Fig. 3, the rotor base 56, insulating layers 30, an insulating ring 59, a small rotor segment 55, a large rotor segment 60 and pivot pins 61 form the main components of a tool holder device 12. The fourth toothed belt wheel 37 drives a second toothed belt wheel 35 via a second toothed belt 41, which is waisted by a deflection pulley 38 and a tension pulley 39, which is flanged onto a bearing sleeve 49 and mounted via this in the tool holder device 12.An adjusting ring 20 with pressed-in adjusting pins 50 is flanged onto the bearing sleeve 49. These pins engage in the elongated holes of the knife levers 19 and can thus pivot them. The second toothed belt pulley 35, the bearing sleeve 49, the adjusting ring 20, and the adjusting pins 50 are firmly connected to one another and together form the main components of the knife feed device 15. Rotation of the knife feed device 15 relative to the tool holder 12 thus causes a pivoting movement of the knife levers 19 and the associated unwinding knives. This rotation is effected by the displacement unit 16, which shifts the waist of the second toothed belt 41 via the deflection pulley 38 and tension pulley 39 (see Fig. 5). More detailed information about the feed mechanism of the cable processing device can be found in WO2020 / 119916A1, which essentially contains a similar feed mechanism (Fig. 1 to Fig.3 and associated description sections). A contact detector 14 is electrically connected to a scanning unwinding knife 4b and to a control, regulating, and data storage device 10, which is electrically connected to the first motor 32 and a second motor 33, so that the inventive method can be applied to a cable to be processed. Figs. 3 and 4 show details of a rotary cutting head 47, as already described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2. The section in Fig. 3 is positioned such that the scanning unwinding knife 4b, a cable 2, and the rotary cutting head 47 are shown diametrically sectioned. The small rotor segment 55 for receiving the scanning unwinding knife 4b is attached to the rotor base 56 in an electrically insulated manner via electrical insulation 30, but is electrically connected to a rotor coil 57.Directly behind the rotor coil 57 is a stator coil 58, which is attached to the front plate 52 via spacer bolts. As a result, the small rotor segment with the scanning unwinding knife 4b is inductively connected to the stator coil 58 via the rotor coil 57, but is otherwise electrically insulated from the surrounding components. The large rotor segment 60 for accommodating support unwinding knives 4d is also attached to the rotor base 56 in an electrically insulated manner via an electrical insulation 30, thus isolating it from the small rotor segment 55. The knife levers 19 are pivotally held by pivot pins 61, adjusting pins 50, and a cover plate 31 (Fig. 1). Further details on the structure of the rotary, segmented cutting head can be found in WO2023 / 072989, which also describes segmented cutting heads in the figures and figure descriptions. Figure 5 shows the displacement unit in more detail than Figs. 1 and 2 but without the second motor 33.The second motor 33 drives a spindle 46, which moves the deflection pulley carriage 45 with the deflection pulley 38 linearly along a carriage guide 62. A tension pulley carriage 53 with a tension pulley 39 is pressed against the deflection pulley carriage 45 by a spring, so that the second toothed belt 41 always remains taut. When a cable is processed, forces act on the knife levers 19. These cable processing forces act via the second toothed belt as radial forces on the deflection pulley 38. To measure these forces, the deflection pulley axle 44 is screwed onto an axle carrier 42, which is screwed directly on one side and on the other side via a piezo force sensor 43 onto a deflection pulley carriage plate 54. The axle carrier 42 is exposed between the screw points, so that moments and forces can only act on the axle carrier 42 at three points.These moments and forces are a function of the moments and forces that occur at the blades when they touch, perforate, or cut a cable. Fig. 6 shows a typical shielded single-core high-voltage cable, as is frequently used for electric vehicles. From the inside out, it usually consists of a conductor 22, conductor insulation 25, a braided shield 28, a shielding foil 26, and a cable sheath 48. The method according to the invention relates, among other things, to the shielding foil, since it is difficult to remove it cleanly at a specific point by machine without damaging the underlying braided shield. The shielding foil 26 usually consists of a metal foil with a plastic coating. The shielding foil 26 is wound spirally, overlapping the shielding braid 28.Therefore, the task is to weaken the shielding foil 26 along its circumference before removing it so that it tears along the intended weakening, even where the winding layers overlap. Therefore, a perforation should be strong enough so that the underlying foil is sufficiently perforated in the event of overlaps, but at the same time weak enough so that the shielding braid 28 under a single-layer foil cover is not unduly notched or dented. Therefore, according to the invention, it is important that the perforation tool, such as the scanning roller blade 4b, can follow the contour of the shielding foil (in this case, the specific layer) as precisely as possible. Which is why, according to the invention, the contour of the shielding foil is first measured rotaryly, if necessary in several revolutions, before it is perforated or cut through in one or more revolutions. How the contour measurement is carried out is explained in more detail using Figures 10 to 24 as an example.It is also possible to apply the scanning method to the conductor or just the shield of a cable without shielding foil. In principle, the method can be applied to any cable layer, as long as this or an underlying layer is detectable. Fig. 7 shows a cable as in Fig. 6, but with a non-circular cross-section, as can be seen from the dot-dash circle. A slightly oval cable shape is often created simply by winding the cable onto a cable reel. Fig. 8 shows a three-core shielded cable with filler 24. The filler 24 gives the cable 2 a rounded shape on the outside. Therefore, a knife combination of a scanning unwinding knife 4b and two supporting unwinding knives 4d is also suitable for cutting the cable sheath 48 and for perforating the shielding foil 26 in this cable 2, which, like the scanning unwinding knife 4b, penetrate into an incision around the cable 2 and support the cable 2 in a centered manner (Fig. 9).Fig. 9 shows the rotary cutting head 47 with a scanning unwinding blade 4b and two supporting unwinding blades 4d and a three-core shielded cable with filler 24. If the supporting unwinding blades 4d have approximately the same shape and dimensions as the scanning unwinding blade 4b, the force equilibrium for the cable 2 is achieved when the latter is located in the center of the rotary cutting head 47. This means that the cable axis 29 lies on a first rotational axis 5 of the rotary cutting head 47. This ensures good support and centering of the cable 2. Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate, by way of example and symbolically, how a non-circular cable, such as the one in Fig. 7, is scanned rotationally with discrete radius steps ^r according to the invention, and how the discrete radius values ​​rTo1, rTo2, and rTo3 are stored sector by sector in a radius touch array (rToAr). The sectors are represented by dash-dotted center rays.In a method according to the invention, one revolution of the scanning unwinding knife 4b is divided into N = 36 equal-sized sectors. The scanning unwinding knife 4b starts scanning with a radius that is larger than the maximum expected radius of the shielding foil 26. In the present example, an incremental feed ^r per revolution was already started outside the cable sheath 48. The scanning unwinding knife 4b circles the cable 2 and unwinds along the cable sheath 48 until the scanning unwinding knife 4b has touched the shielding foil 26 at least on one circular sector arc 11a. In the present example, these are the upper and lower circular sector arcs of the shielding foil 26 with index 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, which were touched with the scanning radius rTo1.As the scanning radius target value for the following orbit, the radius rTo1 is written into the radius touch array (rToAr) for these sectors, so that these sectors are not cut even deeper. For all other sectors, a radius target value rTo2 that is ^r smaller than rTo1 is written into rToAr. During the second orbit, after the first contact, the scanning roller knife touches the previously touched sectors 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 again with the same scanning radius rTo1 and, additionally, sectors 5, 6, 13, 14, 23, 24, 31, 32 with the reduced scanning radius rTo2. Consequently, the scanning radius setpoints for these sectors are retained for the subsequent orbit. For the remaining sectors where no contact was detected during the second orbit, a radius setpoint rTo3 that is smaller than rTo2 by ^r is written to rToAr.In this example, all sectors are touched on the third rotation during the scanning process, meaning that the scanning is complete and the contour of the specific layer 1 (shielding foil 26) or the corresponding position of the knife holder is measured. In other words: a target value for a sector for the next scanning revolution is reduced by ^r if no contact was detected during the current revolution. The scanning process is complete when the specific layer 1 has been touched in all sectors during one revolution. This is followed by at least one revolution for cutting or perforating the foil with perforation radii that are a specific value smaller than the scanning radii. The specific value can be a percentage or permille of the scanning radii or a specific measure, e.g. as a factor of ^r. Fig. 12 shows a three-core cable with shielding foil 26 and sheath 48 without filler and shielding braid.The benefit of the inventive method is particularly evident in this highly non-circular shielding foil contour. It is irrelevant whether a braided shield is located beneath the foil or not, as long as the shielding foil 26 itself is detectable. Due to the absence of a filler, the shielding foil 26 conforms to the three conductor insulations 25, resulting in a concave shape 63 between such conductor insulations. Fig. 13 shows a perspective view of the rotary cutting head with a scanning unwinding knife 4b and, by way of example, two support rollers 4g, as well as the cable 2 according to Fig. 12. Since this cable 2 does not have a round unwinding structure on the specific layer 1 (shielding foil 26), support rollers 4g are preferable in this case. The support rollers 4g are preferably positioned symmetrically to the cutting plane of the scanning unwinding knife 4b as shown, in order to prevent bending moments from being introduced into the cable by the support forces.The support rollers 4g can be interchangeable for each cable or movably mounted in the cover plate 31. This allows for universal applicability of the rotary cutting head 12. Fig. 14 shows a frontal view of the rotary cutting head 47 with a scanning unwinding knife 4b, illustrating a path 27 of a second rotational axis 18. The second rotational axis 18 carries the scanning unwinding knife 4b. To make the path 27 of the second rotational axis 18 more clearly visible, the support rollers 4g have been omitted from this illustration. In the following examples, the radii of this path 27 of the second rotational axis 18 are used as sample values ​​for the scanning unwinding knife infeeds as a function of the angle. However, they could also be encoder values ​​of the second motor 33 or other measurement or process variables. It is only important that the scanned path of the second rotation axis 18 is reproducible.As can be seen here, the point of contact between the scanning edge and the shielding foil is not always on the straight line between the second rotation axis 18 and the first rotation axis 5. This means that for very non-circular cables, it is not easily possible to measure their exact effective contour, which is not necessary for the method according to the invention; what is important is the reproducibility of the scanning path, such as the path of the second rotation axis 27. Fig. 15 shows the same cable 2 as the one in Figs. 12 and 14, but eccentrically extruded with an eccentricity e and an eccentricity angle θ. Using this cable 2, the possibilities will be explained that arise when the contour data, in this case the measurement points r = f(θ) (Fig. 17) of the path 27 of the second rotation axis 18, are represented and evaluated as a Fourier series. Fig.Figure 16 shows a front view of the rotary cutting head 47 with a scanning unwinding blade 4b and two support rollers 4g, and the scanning of the eccentrically extruded cable according to Figure 15. Figure 17 shows the cable with the path 27 of the second rotation axis 18, as it was scanned according to Figure 16 with measured values ​​of the scanning radii every 22.5°. Using these measured values, the Fourier coefficients for the zeroth and third harmonics are derived here using the least squares method: The above system of equations is represented in matrix notation so that it can be extended to any number of harmonics:. Fig. 18 shows sampled measured values ​​MP, r(^) as the radii as a function of the rotation angle ^ according to Fig. 17. The sum of the 0th to 6th harmonic SHW of a Fourier series, the 0th harmonic HW0, the 1st harmonic HW1 and the 3rd harmonic HW3 are shown individually. The cable of Fig. 17 can therefore be represented with 6 harmonics for the inventive method accurately enough so that the cable can be processed using the mathematical contour described thereby. By converting the data into a continuous function, the measured values ​​are filtered or smoothed, which results in a continuous movement of the subsequent processing. Fig. 19 shows the 1st, 2nd and 3rd harmonics of the Fourier series according to Fig. 17. The 1st harmonic HW1 is a measure of the eccentricity e. If the eccentricity is caused by a cable holder, its position can optionally be corrected during setup according to the first harmonic HW1.In general, the eccentricity, regardless of whether it originates from the cable or the entire machine, is compensated by the movement of the blades. The dominant 3rd harmonic wave HW3 is twisted around the cable axis 29 according to the cable strand arrangement in Fig. 17. This is also evident from the cosine and sine components (coefficients a3 and b3). The information about the twist of the cable around its own cable axis 29 or the angular position of the individual stranded cables can be useful for further processing. It can be saved and taken into account in subsequent processing, e.g., for processing the individual strands, which must be rotated into a specific position. Fig. 20 shows the 4th, 5th, and 6th harmonic Fourier series according to Fig. 17. The amplitudes of the 4th harmonic HW4 and the 6th harmonic HW6 are only about 0.1 mm, which is evident from the adjusted radial scaling. Fig.Figure 21 shows the amplitudes A of the limited Fourier series according to Figure 17 as a function of the harmonic number NH. The magnitude ratio of the amplitudes A is typical for a cable shape of a specific cable type. It can be seen that in this example, for cable 2 according to Figure 17, the 3rd harmonic HW3 dominates, since it has three individual strands. The spectrum of a Fourier series can also be used to identify the cable type and to assess the shape consistency and quality of cable 2. Fig. 22 shows a perspective view of the rotary cutting head with a scanning unwinding knife 4b and one or more supporting sliding jaws 4h instead of supporting unwinding knives 4d or supporting rollers 4g, and the cable according to Fig. 12. The supporting sliding jaws 4h are essentially opposite the scanning unwinding knife 4b, and both rotate around the cable 2 while the scanning unwinding knife adjusts its feed depth. Fig. 23 shows the arrangement as in Fig.22, but in a frontal view of the rotary cutting head with a scanning unwinding knife 4b and supporting sliding jaws 4h. Fig. 24 shows the scanning path of the non-circular shielded single-core high-voltage cable of Fig. 7 when scanned with a two-point control. The cutting radius r is advanced in steps (or successively with a gradient ^r) by an adjustable value ^r per revolution until the cable sheath is at least locally cut through and the underlying shielding foil is touched. At the start of knife-foil contact, the rotation angle ^ of the cutting head, the cutting radius r, and the binary information as to whether or not contact was initiated are stored, for example, written in a three-column matrix. As the cutting head continues to rotate, the cutting radius r is opened (increased) until there is no longer any knife-foil contact.The end of the contact is again stored in the matrix, and as the cutting head continues to rotate, the cutting radius is adjusted again. This process is repeated until the cutting head has completed at least one rotation since the first knife-foil contact, i.e., the cable has been circumnavigated at least once. This scanning of the shielding foil can be configured as a two-point control loop. With a properly selected ratio of the rotation speed of the cutting head to the feed speed of the scanning unwinding knife, i.e., of rotation and diameter adjustment, a zigzag-shaped scanning pattern of the cable foil is produced, as shown in the figure. By recording the start and end of each contact – as opposed to recording just one of these values, which is also possible – hysteresis effects can be determined or taken into account, for example, for interpolation, averaging between start and end, and / or filtering the data.An example of sampled measured values ​​r(^, Begin) as an excerpt from a table that is created when sampling with a two-point control can look like this: Angle ^ Radius r Contact (Begin=1, End=0) -26.042 12.348 1 -21.831 12.300 0 -12.145 12.222 1 -7.360 12.199 0 0.000 12.186 1 5.429 12.193 0 11.759 12.219 1 Fig. 25 shows a perspective view of an example of a traced contour when using a two-point control according to the table above. List of reference symbols 1 specific layer, inner layer 2 multi-layer cable, cable 3 cable processing device 4 blades 4a, 4b scanning blade (4a = scanning blade as known per se also without unwinding function, not shown in the figures, but see in the publication WO2023072989 Fig. 11 component 7) 4b scanning unwinding blade 4c support blade as known per se also without unwinding function, not shown in the figures, but see in the publication WO2023072989 Fig.11 Components 26) 4d Support unwinding knife 4e Single-cutting unwinding knife 4g Support roller 4h Support sliding jaws 5 First axis of rotation 6 Underlying layer 7 Outer layer(s) 8 Contact points 9a Table 9b Vector 10 Control, regulating and data storage device or control and regulating program 11 Circular sector, sector 11a Circular sector arc, sector arc 12 Tool holder device 13 Cable processing space 14 Contact detector 15 Knife feeding device 16 Displacement unit 17 Knife orTools 18 Second rotation axis 19 Blade lever 20 Adjusting ring 21 Vibration sensor 22 Conductor 23 Dielectric 24 Filler 25 Conductor insulation 26 Shielding foil 27 Track of the second rotation axis 28 Shielding braid 29 Cable axis 30 Electrical insulation 31 Cover plate 32 First motor 33 Second motor 34 First toothed belt pulley 35 Second toothed belt pulley 36 Third toothed belt pulley 37 Fourth toothed belt pulley 38 Deflection pulley 39 Tension pulley 40 First toothed belt 41 Second toothed belt 42 Axle carrier 43 Piezo force sensor 44 Deflection pulley axis 45 Deflection pulley carriage 46 Spindle 47 Rotating cutting head 48 Cable sheath 49 Bearing sleeve 50 Adjusting pin 51 Bearing flange 52 Front plate 53 Tension pulley carriage 54 Deflection pulley carriage plate 55 Small rotor segment 56 Rotor base 57 Rotor coil 58 Stator coil 59 Insulating ring 60 Large rotor segment 61 Pivot pin 62 Carriage guide 63 Concave shape ^ Rotation angle of the scanning roll-off knife, orAngular position of the tool holder device ^ Sector angle (360° / n) ^ Eccentricity angle A Amplitude of a harmonic HWN Nth harmonic, Nth harmonic (N is the ordinal number) MP Measuring point of the cable contour as r(^) NH Ordinal number of a harmonic SHW Sum of the harmonics used d Cutting diameter, scanning diameter, contact diameter e Eccentricity r Cutting radius, scanning radius, contact radius ^r discrete radius steps, levels, gradient, adjustable value rTo1 first contact radius rToAr radius Touch Array.

Claims

1. Method for processing, perforating, incising or cutting through a specific layer (1) of a multi-layer cable (2) in a cable processing device (3) with a tool holder device (12) rotating about a first axis of rotation (5), to which at least one knife (4) is attached, wherein the angular position (^) of the tool holder device (12) and thus of the knife (4) and its distance (r) from the first axis of rotation (5) can be measured, controlled and regulated, characterized in that the knife (4) is used as a scanning knife (4a, 4b) and in a first rotary method step the cable (2) and / or the specific layer (1) is scanned in order to determine its spatial extent orTo determine the contour and derive knife feed commands therefrom, after which, in a second rotary process step, the scanning knife (4a, 4b) is fed according to the knife feed commands, so that the specific layer (1) can be correctly processed, perforated, incised, or cut through, regardless of its spatial position and regardless of the rotational clamping position of the cable with respect to the cable's longitudinal axis, but depending on the scanned contour of the specific layer (1).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first rotary process step is carried out by a rolling cutting movement, in that the scanning knife (4a, 4b) is designed as a scanning roller knife (4b) which is equipped such that, on the one hand, it cuts into the outer layer(s) (7) and, on the other hand, thereafter or during this process, scans the specific layer (1) - thus an inner layer (1). 3.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the location or contour data of the contact points (8) arising during the scanning are recorded and stored, so that the. Contour data yields the geometric / spatial extent or contour of the specific layer (1), and that the contour data are subsequently converted into knife feed commands by a control and regulating device (10) or in the control and regulating program.

4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the contour data for the contact points (8) arising during scanning are stored in a table (9a) as polar number pairs, wherein the number pairs indicate, on the one hand, the angular position / circular sector position of the scanning knife (4a, 4b) about the first rotation axis (5) and, on the other hand, the distance between the scanning knife (4a, 4b) and the first rotation axis (5), so that the data in the table (9a) are subsequently converted into the knife feed commands, preferably by a control and regulating device (10) or in the control and regulating program.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cable is centered by at least one, preferably two, support knives (4c, 4d) for its centering, and the contour data for the contact points (8) arising during scanning are stored in a table (9a) as a pair of numbers, wherein the data of the pair of numbers indicate, on the one hand, the angular position / circle sector position of the scanning knife (4a, 4b) about the first rotation axis (5) and, on the other hand, the inner circle diameter formed by the cutting edges of the scanning knife (4a, 4b) and the support knives (4c, 4d), and that the pairs of numbers are preferably subsequently converted into the knife feed commands by a control and regulating device (10) or, in the control and regulating program, the data of the table (9a).Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a complete rotation of the tool holder device (12) in n - preferably equal-sized - circular sectors. (11) is divided so that a decision can be made as to whether, for a specific cutting radius (r), the scanning knife (4a, 4b) has touched the specific layer (1) within a circular sector arc (11a) or not, wherein a circular sector (11) is classified as touched if contact has been detected at more than one selected limit value of the measuring points / sampling points within the circular sector arc (11a). 7.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting radius (r) is fed in steps per revolution by an adjustable value ^r until the cable sheath is at least locally cut through and at least one sector arc of the underlying specific inner layer (1) is touched there, so that the first contact radius rTo1 with which at least one sector arc was touched is assigned to the corresponding sector number by writing rTo1 at the corresponding position in a table (9a) or a vector (9b), such as in a radius touch array (rToAr), and that all other sectors of the vector (9b) are provisionally assigned a second contact radius rTo2 = rTo1 - ^r, wherein the rToAr orthe vector (9b) serves as the source for the radius target value for the next scanning revolution, and wherein scanning is preferably ended when the scanning knife (4a, 4b) has touched each sector at least once during an entire revolution, wherein a circular sector is preferably classified as touched when contact has been detected at more than one limit value of the measuring points / scanning points within the circular sector arc (11a), and that the knife feed commands are subsequently derived from the vector (9b).

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the scanning process is designed such that - as soon as the scanning knife (4a, 4b) touches the layer once - the scanning knife (4a, 4b) is lifted again, and after there is no further contact. is readjusted, while the scanning knife (4a, 4b) continues to rotate around the cable (2) and thus scans it in an orbit.

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that with the aid of the contour data of the table (9a) or the vector (9b), the contour is mapped as a linear mathematical contour function, and the knife feed commands are derived from this linear mathematical contour function.

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that with the aid of the contour data of the table (9a) or the vector (9b), the contour is represented as a linear mathematical contour function, namely as a cutting radius as a function of the angle ^, r = f(^), where r = f(^) is represented as a Fourier series, and the knife feed commands are derived from this Fourier series.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, depending on the cable shape, the ordinal numbers of the harmonics are selected to determine the function of the Fourier series, resulting in a limited Fourier series, and the knife feed commands are derived from this limited Fourier series.

12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ordinal numbers and amplitudes of selected harmonics - thus a part of the spectrum of the Fourier series - are used with the aid of statistical methods for cable recognition and subsequently for further decisions in the process sequence of the second method step.

13. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coefficients of the linear mathematical contour function are determined using the method of least squares. and the knife feed commands are derived from this linear mathematical contour function.

14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the quality of fit of the mathematical contour function to the concrete measured values or the coefficient of determination is used for further decisions in the process sequence of the second method step.

15. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contour data of the table (9a) or the vector (9b) are filtered with regard to obvious measurement errors or with regard to data minimization and smoothing, or are replaced and approximated by smoothed curves using Tikhonov regularization in order to optimize the feed commands with the smoothed values. 16.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the scanning is carried out electrically by detecting electrical contact between the scanning knife (4a, 4b) and the specific layer (1).

17. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the peripheral speed of the scanning knife (4a, 4b) on the specific layer (1) during scanning, processing, perforating, or cutting the layer (1) is set between 0.1 and 64, preferably 0.4 to 8 times the feed speed of the scanning knife (4a, 4b).

18. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first method step includes a step-by-step cutting of the outer layer(s) (7), the steps ^d being selected depending on the cable size, structure and cable properties such as ductility, hardness and dimensions of the individual layers and the cable core. The specified parameters are preferably stored in a database of a cable processing device controller, so that the cable processing device controller automatically calculates the steps ^d as soon as the corresponding parameters are entered.

19. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first method step includes a stepwise and circular sector-accurate cutting of the outer layer(s) (7), wherein the number n of discrete circular sectors (11) over 360° comprises 1 to 100,000, preferably 6 to 360, in particular 12 to 90 circular sectors (11). 20.Cable processing device for cutting, cutting through or perforating a specific layer (1) of a multi-layer cable (2) according to one of the methods according to one of the preceding patent claims, with at least one knife (4a-e) that can be fed onto the cable on a rotary tool holder device (12) with a tool feed device (15); having a first rotation axis (5) and a cable processing space (13) arranged centrally thereto in the tool holder device (12), through which a cable can be fed in or passed through orcan be positioned, wherein the at least one knife (4) can be brought into contact with one or more cable layers in order to process, cut through, and / or perforate and / or pull them off, characterized in that the knife (4) is designed as a scanning unwinding knife (4b) and is connected to a contact detector (14) for detecting contact of the scanning unwinding knife (4b) with a specific cable layer (1), wherein the touch detector (14) is connected to a higher-level control, regulating and data storage device (10) so that in the operating state the contour or the contact radius r(^) of the specific cable layer (1) is scanned in the cutting plane with respect to the first axis of rotation (5) and with respect to the angle of rotation ^ of the scanning unwinding knife (4b). and the contour data for the control or regulation of subsequent processing steps with the same cable processing device (3), on the same cable (2) are stored in the control, regulation, and data storage device (10), without the need to re-tension or move the cable (2), and that preferably a contour data conversion program is provided which calculates the knife feed data for the knife feed device (15) from the contour data.

21. Cable processing device according to claim 20, characterized in that at least the scanning unwinding knife (4b) is electrically insulated from the non-rotating part of the cable processing device (3), and the contact detector (14) measures at least one electrical measurement variable, so that an electrical contact or an electrical approach between the scanning unwinding knife (4b) and a specific electrically conductive cable layer (1) is detected. 22.Cable processing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one scanning unwinding knife (4b) can be controlled such that the second rotary method step, namely the depth-controlled, correct processing, such as perforating or incising or cutting through the specific layer (1), is carried out in the operating state with the at least one scanning unwinding knife (4b).

23. Cable processing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool holding device (12) carries, in addition to the scanning unwinding knife (4b), at least one incising unwinding knife (4e) or a incising slitting knife or a flanging tool for processing, perforating, incising or cutting through the specific layer (1), wherein at least one of these knives or tools (4b, 4e) can be controlled such that the second rotary method step, namely the deep- The fan-controlled, correct processing, perforating, incising, cutting through, flanging, expanding, or slitting of the specific layer (1) is carried out in the operating state with the at least one scanning unwinding knife (4b) and / or with the at least one incising unwinding knife (4e) and / or incising slitting knife and / or a flanging tool.

24. Cable processing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one supporting unwinding knife (4d) is provided and has a blunt cutting edge, or that at least one supporting roller (4g) is provided which supports the cable sheath relative to the scanning unwinding knife (4b), or that instead of supporting unwinding knives (4d), supporting sliding jaws (4h) with a lubricious coating are provided, which, in the operating state, only slide along the outside of the cable sheath for central guidance and do not penetrate it.Cable processing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one - preferably two - supporting unwinding knives (4d) with preferably blunt cutting edges is / are provided on the tool holding device (12), which is / are located in the same cutting plane as the scanning unwinding knife (4b) and that this / these, including the scanning unwinding knife (4b), are preferably evenly distributed around the first rotation axis (5) with respect to the latter.

26. Cable processing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one, preferably both supporting unwinding knives (4d) are each rotatable about a second rotation axis (18) and that the supporting unwinding knives (4d) are sharp or preferably blunt at their cutting edges.

27. Cable processing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the unwinding blades (4b, 4d, 4e) has a serrated or corrugated cutting edge.

28. Cable processing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial distance of the second rotational axes (18) of the supporting unwinding blades (4d) from the first rotational axis (5) is the same as the distance of the rotational axis of the scanning unwinding blade from the first rotational axis (5) and / or that the virtual cutting edges of the supporting unwinding blades (4d) and the cutting edge of the scanning unwinding blade (4b) have the same radial distance from the first rotational axis (5).

29. Cable processing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contact detector is connected to several of the blades (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d). 30.Cable processing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the knives (4) are each pivotably mounted on a knife lever (19) on the tool receiving device (12) or tool feed device (15) and can be pivoted toward and away from the rotation axis (5) via an adjusting ring (20).

31. Cable processing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contact detector is designed as a force or vibration sensor (21) that can detect vibrations that arise from the unwinding of a scanning unwinding knife (4b) on a specific cable layer, so that these vibrations can be assigned to the specific cable layer.

Images