Impurity detection system and method, and fusion reaction system

Abstract

An impurity detection system and method, and a fusion reaction system. The impurity detection system (10) comprises: a discharge electrode (101), an optical signal collection assembly (102), and a spectrometer (103), wherein the discharge electrode (101) is located in a reaction chamber of a nuclear fusion reaction apparatus, and the optical signal collection assembly (102) is connected to the spectrometer (103); the discharge electrode (101) is opposite an inner wall of the reaction chamber, and the discharge electrode (101) is used for discharging electricity to the inner wall of the reaction chamber to generate an electric spark; the optical signal collection assembly (102) is used for collecting a spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark and transmitting the spectral signal to the spectrometer (103); and the spectrometer (103) is used for analyzing the spectral signal, so as to obtain impurity information of a surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

Description

Impurity detection system and method, fusion reaction system

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on November 22, 2023, with application number "202311566954.4" and invention name "Impurity Detection System and Method, Fusion Reaction System", the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of nuclear fusion technology, and in particular to a system and method for detecting impurities on the surface of the inner wall of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and a fusion reaction system. Background Art

[0003] Nuclear fusion technology has been widely studied due to its advantage of using low-cost materials to produce large amounts of clean energy. High-temperature, high-density, and highly confined plasma is the basic requirement for achieving nuclear fusion.

[0004] Nuclear fusion reactors (such as tokamaks) typically generate plasma in a reaction chamber and heat it to the fusion reaction temperature, which then causes a fusion reaction to release energy. During the operation of the fusion reactor, the heat and particle flow from the plasma interact with the inner wall surface material of the reaction chamber, causing the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber to discharge impurities such as carbon, oxygen, iron, and tungsten into the plasma. These impurity elements produce strong radiation, lowering the plasma temperature and weakening the plasma stability, making the fusion reaction impossible. Therefore, understanding the elemental composition of the inner wall surface and reducing the generation of impurities through various means are very important for nuclear fusion.

[0005] However, the current detection process for impurities on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber is relatively complicated, and the detection efficiency needs to be improved.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the present application provides an impurity detection system and method, and a fusion reaction system, which can simplify the impurity detection process on the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber and improve detection efficiency.

[0008] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, an impurity detection system is provided that can be used to detect impurities on the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reactor. The impurity detection system includes: a discharge electrode, an optical signal acquisition component, and a spectrometer; wherein the discharge electrode is located in the reactor chamber of a nuclear fusion reactor, opposite the inner wall of the reactor chamber, and is configured to discharge toward the inner wall of the reactor chamber to generate an electric spark; the optical signal acquisition component is connected to the spectrometer, and is configured to acquire a spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark and transmit the spectral signal to the spectrometer; and the spectrometer is configured to analyze the spectral signal to obtain impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reactor chamber.

[0009] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, an impurity detection method is provided, which is applied to the above-mentioned impurity detection system, and the method includes: applying a voltage to a discharge electrode of the impurity detection system, so that the discharge electrode discharges toward the inner wall of the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device and generates an electric spark; collecting a spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark through an optical signal acquisition component of the impurity detection system, and transmitting the spectral signal to a spectrometer of the impurity detection system; analyzing the spectral signal through the spectrometer to obtain impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber.

[0010] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a fusion reaction system is provided, which includes a nuclear fusion reaction device and the above-mentioned impurity detection system on the inner wall surface of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber; the impurity detection system is used to detect impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber in the nuclear fusion reaction device.

[0011] In the impurity detection system and method provided in the present application, a discharge electrode can be set in the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device, facing the inner wall of the reaction chamber, and an electric spark is generated by discharging to the inner wall of the reaction chamber through the discharge electrode. The optical signal acquisition component can collect the spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark, and the spectrometer can analyze the spectral signal to obtain impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber. Since the electric spark can be triggered by simply applying a voltage to the discharge electrode, the triggering process of the electric spark is relatively simple. In addition, the time consumption of generating the spectral signal by the electric spark is relatively short, and the difficulty of analyzing the spectral signal is also relatively low, so that the impurity information can be obtained relatively easily. It can be seen that the above-mentioned impurity detection system and impurity detection method can simplify the detection process of impurities on the inner wall of the reaction chamber, and improve the efficiency and effect of impurity detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an impurity detection system for the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0013] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of another impurity detection system for the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0014] FIG3 is a flow chart of an impurity detection method provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0015] FIG4 is a flow chart of another impurity detection method provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific implementations disclosed below.

[0017] The terms used in one or more embodiments of the present application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit one or more embodiments of the present application. The singular forms of "a", "said" and "the" used in one or more embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in one or more embodiments of the present application refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items. The term "at least one" in one or more embodiments of the present application refers to "one or more" and "a plurality" refers to "two or more". The term "including" is an open description and should be understood as "including but not limited to", and may include other content on the basis of the content already described.

[0018] It should be understood that although the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of the present application, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of the present application, "first" may also be referred to as "second", and similarly, "second" may also be referred to as "first". Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining".

[0019] Currently, nuclear fusion is considered an ideal solution to humanity's energy needs. Nuclear fusion reactions can provide large amounts of clean energy, and the fuel required for nuclear fusion reactions is widely available and relatively inexpensive. Consequently, nuclear fusion reactors have been extensively researched, with the tokamak being a particularly well-researched device. A tokamak can include a nuclear fusion reaction chamber in which plasma is generated. Magnets generate a magnetic field to confine the plasma within the chamber, and the plasma's motion is controlled to heat it to the fusion temperature, enabling the nuclear fusion reaction to occur.

[0020] During the operation of a tokamak device, the heat flow and particle flow from the core plasma will interact with the wall material of the reaction chamber, causing etching and deposition of the wall material. At the same time, impurities will be generated on the surfaces of the plasma-facing components (PFCs) such as the first wall of the reaction chamber and the divertor. The first wall is also the component facing the plasma inside the reaction chamber. Impurities such as carbon, oxygen, iron, and tungsten may accumulate on the surface of the first wall. These impurity elements will generate strong radiation, lower the plasma temperature, weaken the plasma stability, and make the fusion reaction impossible. Impurities on the surface of the plasma-facing component will also cause fuel to be retained, thereby threatening the safe operation of the tokamak device. Therefore, it is necessary to detect impurities on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber so as to adjust the control of the plasma accordingly based on the detected impurity information, ensure high-performance constraints on the plasma, and reduce the adhesion of impurities on the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0021] In the traditional method of detecting impurities on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber, after the tokamak device has been in operation for a period of time and entered the maintenance period, a wall material sample is extracted from the inner wall of the reaction chamber of the tokamak device. Then, the changes in the material on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber before and after the nuclear fusion reaction are compared by offline diagnostic equipment to determine the impact of the nuclear fusion reaction on the inner wall of the reaction chamber. The diagnostic means may include analyzing the wall material sample through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray energy spectrum, nuclear reaction analysis or secondary ion mass spectrometry. The timeliness of the impurity detection on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber in this method is poor, and the impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber cannot be obtained in real time. In the process of taking samples and analyzing the samples, it is easy to cause contamination to the sample, affecting the measurement results of the actual impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber, so the accuracy of impurity detection is low.

[0022] Related technologies can use laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology to detect impurities on the inner wall of the reaction chamber. This technology focuses a high-power pulsed laser on the sample surface, breaking the chemical bonds of the surface material and ionizing the chemical elements, forming a high-temperature plasma composed of atoms, free electrons and ions. The atoms and ions in the high-energy state inside the high-temperature plasma will transition to a low-energy state, emitting light of a characteristic wavelength. Then, by comparing and analyzing the wavelength and intensity of the light, the type and content of the elements in the sample can be determined. This technology is an in-situ online wall analysis method with certain capabilities of rapid real-time, in-situ online and full-element quantitative analysis. However, the LIBS system requires a high-power laser source and a complex optical system, which is expensive and complicated to operate. In addition, due to the limitations of the optical path, LIBS cannot freely detect all positions on the inner wall surface, especially some corners with severe obstruction.

[0023] This application provides an impurity detection system that can easily and conveniently detect impurities on the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reactor. The system also provides timely detection, high detection efficiency and effectiveness, and low detection costs. Accordingly, embodiments of the present application also relate to an impurity detection method applicable to the impurity detection system and a fusion reactor system.

[0024] In an embodiment of the present application, the nuclear fusion reaction device may include an annular reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is used to contain plasma for the plasma to undergo a nuclear fusion reaction. Optionally, the reaction chamber may be a vacuum chamber, which can be kept in a vacuum state during the nuclear fusion reaction.

[0025] The impurity detection system provided in the embodiments of the present application uses spark discharge technology to detect impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber of a nuclear fusion reactor. Spark discharge is a phenomenon in which a high voltage is applied between two electrodes, causing the gas between the electrodes to be broken down by the strong electric field, resulting in self-excited conductivity.

[0026] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an impurity detection system for the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG1 , the impurity detection system 10 includes a discharge electrode 101 , an optical signal acquisition component 102 , and a spectrometer 103 .

[0027] In the embodiments of the present application, the discharge electrode 101 is located in the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reactor. It should be noted that Figure 1 only illustrates a portion of the reaction chamber structure. The components of the impurity detection system 10 located in the reaction chamber can be secured via windows in the reaction chamber. The discharge electrode 101 faces the inner wall N of the reaction chamber, with a gap between them. The discharge electrode 101 is configured to discharge electricity toward the inner wall N of the reaction chamber, generating an electric spark between the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber.

[0028] In the embodiment of the present application, the optical signal acquisition component 102 is used to acquire the spectrum signal corresponding to the electric spark. The optical signal acquisition component 102 is connected to the spectrometer 103 and can transmit the spectrum signal to the spectrometer 103.

[0029] In the embodiment of the present application, the spectrometer 103 is used to analyze the received spectral signal to obtain impurity information on the surface N of the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0030] In an embodiment of the present application, the spectrometer 103 can analyze the spectral signal to determine the spectrum and light intensity corresponding to the spectral signal. The spectrum is also the wavelength characteristic of the light. Based on the spectrum and light intensity, the elemental information corresponding to the spectral signal can be determined. This elemental information can then be compared with the initial elemental information of the inner wall N of the reaction chamber to determine the impurity information on the surface of the inner wall N of the reaction chamber.

[0031] In an embodiment of the present application, during the process of generating an electric spark between the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber, the gas between the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber may be broken down, thereby generating a relatively high-temperature plasma. This relatively high-temperature plasma can excite a greater variety of atoms in this region into an excited state, thereby increasing the abundance of excited-state atoms of the elements. Each atom emits light of a corresponding wavelength when transitioning from an excited state back to the ground state, thereby generating a wider spectrum, allowing for a greater number of detectable spectra. Accordingly, based on this spectrum, better element identification can be achieved, thereby improving the completeness and accuracy of elemental analysis of the surface of the reaction chamber wall.

[0032] Because spark discharge can generate spectral signals in an instant (e.g., microseconds), impurity detection on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber can be highly timely. In the embodiments of the present application, real-time monitoring of impurity information on the N surface of the reaction chamber wall can be achieved, which is beneficial for the rapid feedback and real-time control of nuclear fusion reactors.

[0033] Furthermore, compared to LIBS systems, which require high-power lasers and complex optical systems, the spark discharge system employed in the present embodiment requires only a single electrode as the discharge source, and requires only relatively low voltage and current to generate sufficient energy for spark generation. This simplifies the device structure and reduces system energy consumption, resulting in a lower-cost, more compact, and easier-to-operate and maintain impurity detection system.

[0034] In summary, in the impurity detection system on the inner wall surface of the nuclear fusion reactor provided in the embodiment of the present application, a discharge electrode opposite to the inner wall of the reactor is provided in the reactor chamber of the nuclear fusion reactor, and an electric spark is generated by discharging to the inner wall of the reactor chamber through the discharge electrode. The optical signal acquisition component can collect the spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark, and the spectrometer can analyze the spectral signal to obtain the impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reactor chamber. Since the electric spark can be triggered by simply applying a voltage to the discharge electrode, the triggering process of the electric spark is relatively simple, and the time consumption of generating the spectral signal by the electric spark is relatively short, and the difficulty of analyzing the spectral signal is also relatively low, and thus the impurity information can be obtained relatively easily. Therefore, the detection process of impurities on the inner wall of the reactor chamber can be simplified, and the efficiency and effect of impurity detection can be improved.

[0035] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another impurity detection system for the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reactor provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] As shown in Figure 2, the discharge electrode 101 in the impurity detection system 10 can be needle-shaped. The end of the needle-shaped discharge electrode 101 faces the inner wall N of the reaction chamber. By applying a voltage to the needle-shaped discharge electrode 101, charge is concentrated at the end of the discharge electrode 101, where the charge density is higher. This reduces the required voltage and makes it easier to achieve gas breakdown, thereby generating the desired spark.

[0037] For example, the discharge electrode 101 can be made of a conductive material capable of withstanding high current and high voltage, such as metal or stainless steel. The needle-shaped discharge electrode 101 can be centimeters long. The diameter of the discharge electrode 101 can be less than 10 mm, such as 2-3 mm or 7-8 mm.

[0038] In other implementations, the discharge electrode 101 may also be in a block, sheet, or other shape, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0039] In this embodiment of the present application, the voltage to be applied to the discharge electrode 101 can be pre-calibrated to determine a voltage value that produces a good gas breakdown effect. A voltage can then be applied to the discharge electrode 101 based on this voltage value. The magnitude of this voltage can be positively correlated with the distance N between the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall of the reaction chamber, as well as the gas pressure in the reaction chamber. For example, this voltage can be less than 10 kilovolts.

[0040] In one embodiment, the discharge electrode 101 faces a target area on the inner wall N of the reaction chamber. The target area can be located at the bottom or top of the reaction chamber. Since the bottom and top of the reaction chamber typically have a higher amount of impurities attached, detecting impurities at the bottom or top of the reaction chamber can ensure better impurity detection results. The target area can also be any area on the inner wall N of the reaction chamber, thereby enabling impurity detection in any area on the surface of the inner wall N of the reaction chamber. In the embodiments of the present application, the area on the inner wall N of the reaction chamber that faces the discharge electrode 101 is not limited.

[0041] As shown in FIG2 , the impurity detection system 10 further includes a pulse power supply 104. The two ends of the pulse power supply 104 are connected to the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber, respectively, for applying a pulse voltage to the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber. The pulse power supply 104 can be located outside the reaction chamber and can be connected to the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber via wires. The peak voltage of the pulse power supply 104 can reach over 10 kilovolts, and the discharge time can be as low as 1 microsecond. This ensures better atomic excitation capability, ensures the generation of a spectral signal with a wider spectral line, and ensures high real-time impurity detection.

[0042] As shown in FIG2 , the impurity detection system 10 may further include a robotic arm 105 located in the reaction chamber, the robotic arm 105 being used to secure the discharge electrode 101, which may be located at the front end of the robotic arm 105. In some embodiments of the present application, the robotic arm 105 may include a plurality of sub-arms articulated in sequence, each of which may be movable, and the discharge electrode 101 may be secured to a sub-arm located at an end of the plurality of sub-arms.

[0043] The robotic arm 105 is used to move the discharge electrode 101 (e.g., forward and backward movement and rotation) to adjust the relative position of the discharge electrode 101 and the reaction chamber inner wall N. The robotic arm 105 can be used to move the discharge electrode 101 to face different areas of the reaction chamber inner wall N to detect impurity distribution in different areas of the reaction chamber inner wall N. For example, the robotic arm 105 can drive the discharge electrode 101 to quickly scan every corner of the reaction chamber inner wall N, thereby detecting impurity distribution in all areas of the reaction chamber inner wall N.

[0044] The movement of the robotic arm 105 can be performed during a period when no nuclear fusion reaction is taking place in the reaction chamber. For example, the robotic arm 105 can be moved between two nuclear fusion reactions to change the position of the discharge electrode 101. This prevents the movement of the robotic arm 105 from affecting the reaction chamber parameters during the nuclear fusion reaction, thereby ensuring the stable progress of the nuclear fusion reaction.

[0045] In one embodiment, the impurity detection system 10 may further include a mechanical control unit (not shown). The mechanical control unit may be connected to the robotic arm 105 to control the movement of the robotic arm 105. The mechanical control unit may interact with a human operator, who may operate the mechanical control unit to control the robotic arm 105.

[0046] Figures 1 and 2 illustrate an example in which the entire optical signal acquisition assembly 102 is located within the reaction chamber. In some implementations, only a portion of the optical signal acquisition assembly 102 may be located within the reaction chamber, such as only the end portion of the optical signal acquisition assembly 102. Alternatively, the optical signal acquisition assembly 102 may be located outside the reaction chamber, as long as it can capture the spectral signal corresponding to the spark generated within the reaction chamber. For example, if the reaction chamber has a light-transmitting area, the optical signal acquisition assembly 102 may be located outside the reaction chamber and capture the spectral signal through the light-transmitting area.

[0047] The optical signal acquisition component 102 can be placed close to the discharge electrode 101 to collect clearer spectral signals and ensure the collection effect of the spectral signals. The optical signal acquisition component 102 can be connected to the spectrometer 103 via a wire. The spectrometer 103 can be located outside the reaction chamber.

[0048] As shown in Figure 2, the optical signal acquisition assembly 102 may include an optical fiber. The head of the optical fiber may be positioned near the discharge electrode 101, and the tail of the optical fiber may be connected to the spectrometer 103. After collecting the spectral signal, the optical fiber may directly transmit it to the spectrometer 103. The optical fiber is relatively small and can undergo a certain degree of deformation, thus providing better spectral signal collection within the reaction chamber. In one embodiment, the optical signal acquisition assembly 102 may include a light guide or other component capable of spectral signal collection.

[0049] In one embodiment, the optical signal collection component 102 is connected to the robotic arm 105 and is close to the discharge electrode 101. As shown in FIG2 , the optical fiber can extend along the robotic arm 105 and be fixed to each sub-arm of the robotic arm 105.

[0050] In an embodiment of the present application, when impurity detection is required on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber, a robotic arm 105 can be used to position the discharge electrode 101 at a suitable position within the reaction chamber. A pulse power supply 104 is used to apply an appropriate pulse voltage to the discharge electrode 101, causing the discharge electrode 101 to generate an electric spark on the inner wall of the reaction chamber. The optical signal acquisition component 102 can collect the spectral signal emitted by the electric spark and transmit it to the spectrometer 103. The spectrometer 103 can analyze and process the collected spectral signal to determine the elemental composition of the reaction chamber wall material, and further determine the impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber.

[0051] In summary, in the impurity detection system on the inner wall surface of the nuclear fusion reactor provided in the embodiment of the present application, a discharge electrode opposite to the inner wall of the reactor is provided in the reactor chamber of the nuclear fusion reactor, and an electric spark is generated by discharging to the inner wall of the reactor chamber through the discharge electrode. The optical signal acquisition component can collect the spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark, and the spectrometer can analyze the spectral signal to obtain the impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reactor chamber. Since the electric spark can be triggered by simply applying a voltage to the discharge electrode, the triggering process of the electric spark is relatively simple, and the time consumption of generating the spectral signal by the electric spark is relatively short, and the difficulty of analyzing the spectral signal is also relatively low, and thus the impurity information can be obtained relatively easily. Therefore, the detection process of impurities on the inner wall of the reactor chamber can be simplified, and the efficiency and effect of impurity detection can be improved.

[0052] The present invention also provides a fusion reaction system, which includes a nuclear fusion reaction device and the above-mentioned impurity detection system 10 for detecting impurities on the inner wall surface of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The impurity detection system 10 is used to detect impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber in the nuclear fusion reaction device.

[0053] In one embodiment, the fusion reaction system further includes a plasma control unit. The plasma control unit can be connected to the impurity detection system 10 and is configured to control the plasma in the reaction chamber based on the impurity information. For example, the plasma parameters such as density, temperature, and shape can be controlled.

[0054] For example, a worker can operate a plasma control unit to adjust parameters of the nuclear fusion reactor to control the plasma in the reaction chamber. For example, the plasma control unit can be used to adjust the voltage transmitted to the magnets in the nuclear fusion reactor.

[0055] FIG3 is a flow chart of an impurity detection method provided by an embodiment of the present application. The method can be applied to the impurity detection system 10 on the inner wall surface of the nuclear fusion reactor shown in FIG1 or FIG2 , and can be executed by a control unit controlled by a staff member. As shown in FIG3 , the method may include the following steps:

[0056] Step 302: Apply voltage to the discharge electrode so that the discharge electrode discharges toward the inner wall of the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device and generates electric sparks.

[0057] For example, a pulse voltage may be applied to the discharge electrode by a pulse power supply, so that the discharge electrode discharges toward the inner wall of the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device and generates electric sparks.

[0058] Step 304: collect the spectrum signal corresponding to the electric spark through the optical signal collection component, and transmit the spectrum signal to the spectrometer.

[0059] Step 306: Analyze the spectral signal using a spectrometer to obtain impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0060] The above steps 302 to 306 can refer to the above related introduction about Figures 1 and 2, and will not be repeated in the embodiment of this application.

[0061] In one embodiment, after step 306, the method may further include: outputting the impurity information to the plasma control unit, so that the plasma control unit controls the plasma in the reaction chamber based on the impurity information. For details about this step, please refer to the aforementioned description of the fusion reaction system and will not be repeated here.

[0062] FIG4 is a flow chart of another impurity detection method provided by an embodiment of the present application. This method can be applied to the impurity detection system 10 on the inner wall surface of the nuclear fusion reactor shown in FIG2 , and can be executed by a control unit controlled by a staff member. As shown in FIG4 , this method may include the following steps:

[0063] Step 402: Control the robotic arm to drive the discharge electrode to move to a position opposite to the target area on the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0064] The target area can be a region set by a staff member where the impurity distribution needs to be determined. The staff member can operate the mechanical control unit to control the robotic arm. As previously mentioned, since the bottom and top of the reaction chamber generally have a higher amount of impurities attached, the target area can be set to the bottom or top of the reaction chamber to ensure better impurity detection results.

[0065] Step 404: Control the pulse power supply to output a target voltage to the discharge electrode, so that the discharge electrode emits electric sparks toward the target area.

[0066] Step 406: Control the optical signal acquisition component to acquire the spectrum signal corresponding to the electric spark, and send the spectrum signal to the spectrometer.

[0067] Step 408: Control the spectrometer to analyze the spectral signal to obtain impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0068] Step 410: Control the spectrometer to output impurity information to the plasma control unit, so that the plasma control unit controls the plasma in the reaction chamber based on the impurity information.

[0069] The above steps 402 to 410 can refer to the above related introduction about Figures 1 and 2, and will not be repeated in the embodiment of this application.

[0070] In summary, in the method for detecting impurities on the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reactor provided in an embodiment of the present application, a spark is generated by discharging an electric spark onto the inner wall of the reactor via the discharge electrode, a spectral signal corresponding to the spark is collected via an optical signal acquisition component, and the spectral signal is analyzed by a spectrometer to obtain impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reactor. Since the spark can be triggered by simply applying a voltage to the discharge electrode, the spark triggering process is relatively simple, and the time required to generate the spectral signal via the spark is relatively short. The difficulty of analyzing the spectral signal is also relatively low, and thus impurity information can be obtained relatively easily. Therefore, the detection process of impurities on the inner wall of the reactor can be simplified, and the efficiency and effect of impurity detection can be improved.

[0071] The foregoing description describes specific embodiments of the present application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims can be performed in an order different from that described in the embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order shown or the sequential order to achieve the desired results. In certain embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0072] Those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by this application. In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts not detailed in one embodiment, please refer to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0073] The preferred embodiments disclosed above are intended only to help illustrate the present application. The optional embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the present application to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of the present application. The present application selects and describes these embodiments in detail in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the present application.

Claims

1. An impurity detection system, comprising: Discharge electrode, optical signal collection component and spectrometer; wherein, The discharge electrode is located in the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device, opposite to the inner wall of the reaction chamber, and is used to discharge toward the inner wall of the reaction chamber to generate electric sparks; The optical signal acquisition component is connected to the spectrometer, and is used to acquire the spectrum signal corresponding to the electric spark, and transmit the spectrum signal to the spectrometer; and The spectrometer is used to analyze the spectral signal to obtain impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber.

2. The impurity detection system according to claim 1, wherein: The discharge electrode is in a needle shape; and an end of the needle-shaped discharge electrode is opposite to the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

3. The impurity detection system according to claim 1, wherein: The optical signal acquisition component includes an optical fiber.

4. The impurity detection system according to claim 1, wherein: The impurity detection system further includes: a pulse power supply, which is connected to the discharge electrode and the inner wall of the reaction chamber and is used to apply a pulse voltage to the discharge electrode and the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

5. The impurity detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The impurity detection system further includes: a mechanical arm located in the reaction chamber, the discharge electrode being located at the front end of the mechanical arm; wherein, The mechanical arm is used to drive the discharge electrode to move and adjust the relative position of the discharge electrode and the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

6. The impurity detection system according to claim 5, wherein: The mechanical arm comprises: a plurality of sub-arms hinged in sequence; the discharge electrode is fixed to a sub-arm located at an end of the plurality of sub-arms.

7. The impurity detection system according to claim 5, wherein: The impurity detection system further includes: a mechanical control unit; the mechanical control unit is connected to the mechanical arm and is used to control the movement of the mechanical arm.

8. The impurity detection system according to claim 5, wherein: The optical signal collection component is connected to the mechanical arm and is close to the discharge electrode.

9. The impurity detection system according to claim 1, wherein: The discharge electrode is in block or sheet shape.

10. The impurity detection system according to claim 1, wherein: The reaction chamber has a light-transmitting area; and the optical signal collection component is located outside the reaction chamber and collects the spectral signal through the light-transmitting area.

11. An impurity detection method, applied to an impurity detection system, the method comprising: Applying voltage to the discharge electrode of the impurity detection system so that the discharge electrode discharges toward the inner wall of the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device and generates electric sparks; Collecting the spectrum signal corresponding to the electric spark through the optical signal acquisition component of the impurity detection system, and transmitting the spectrum signal to the spectrometer of the impurity detection system; The spectrometer analyzes the spectral signal to obtain impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: The impurity information is output to a plasma control unit so that the plasma control unit controls the plasma in the reaction chamber based on the impurity information.

13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: The robot arm is controlled to drive the discharge electrode to move to a position opposite to a target area of ​​an inner wall of the reaction chamber.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The applying voltage to the discharge electrode of the impurity detection system includes: controlling a pulse power supply to output a target voltage to the discharge electrode so that the discharge electrode emits an electric spark toward the target area.

15. A fusion reaction system, comprising: A nuclear fusion reaction device and an impurity detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 10; wherein: The impurity detection system is used to detect impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber in the nuclear fusion reaction device.

16. The fusion reaction system according to claim 15, further comprising: A plasma control unit; wherein the plasma control unit is connected to the impurity detection system and is used to control the plasma in the reaction chamber based on the impurity information.

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