Intelligent hot-air drying apparatus and method free from sieve tray exchanging for agricultural product

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is an intelligent hot-air drying apparatus free from sieve tray exchanging for an agricultural product. The apparatus comprises a drying box, a frame, a heating system, a heat exchange system, an exchange-free sieve device and an intelligent control system, wherein the exchange-free sieve device comprises an electric motor, sieve trays, a hollow pin shaft chain, chain wheels a, chain wheels b, a double chain wheel, a chain a, a driving chain wheel, a chain b, a driven chain wheel and a long shaft; the intelligent control system comprises a control center and infrared temperature measurement cameras, the infrared temperature measurement cameras each being used for collecting a temperature distribution graph of an agricultural product in each layer of sieve tray and feeding same back to the control center, and the control center performing temperature and water content analysis on the basis of the temperature distribution graph; and when the difference between the water content or temperature of the agricultural product in a sieve tray at the top and the water content or temperature of the agricultural product in a sieve tray at the bottom of the exchange-free sieve device is greater than a preset value, the control center controls the electric motor to start, so as to exchange the positions of the sieve tray at the top and the sieve tray at the bottom. The present invention has a high degree of automation, effectively reduces the labor intensity, labor costs and the energy consumption for drying, and enhances the drying efficiency and the drying quality.

Description

Intelligent hot air drying equipment and method for agricultural products without screen replacement Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product drying, and in particular to intelligent hot air drying equipment and a method for drying agricultural products without screen replacement. Background Art

[0002] Edible fungi and Chinese medicinal herbs are important specialty agricultural products in my country, possessing high economic and practical value. Freshly harvested edible fungi and Chinese medicinal herbs have a high moisture content. If not dried promptly, they are prone to mold and difficult to preserve long-term. Therefore, the development of suitable drying equipment is an inevitable trend in achieving full mechanization in these industries. Currently, chamber-type hot air drying technology is the most common method used for drying edible fungi and Chinese medicinal herbs.

[0003] Patent publication number CN102288010B discloses a dual-purpose agricultural product dryer with hot air circulation and indirect and direct heating. This dryer uses metal heat exchange tubes, which also serve as shelves for the drying trays. The residual heat from drying is recycled for multiple uses. A switching valve is mounted on the high-temperature flue pipe. When switched to indirect heating, the hot flue gas and cold air flow through two separate, disconnected channels for indirect heating and drying. When the switching valve is switched to direct heating, the hot flue gas and cold air flow into a single channel for direct heating and drying. This dryer boasts a simple structure, compact size, easy switching between indirect and direct heating, and high heat utilization efficiency. However, the lower tray of the dryer is closer to the heat source, while the upper tray is farther away. During the drying process, the moisture content, temperature, and stress of the agricultural products on the upper and lower trays differ, creating a drying potential difference. To overcome this problem, the trays must be repositioned during the drying process, which results in energy loss within the drying chamber, low drying efficiency, and increased labor intensity.

[0004] Patent publication number CN 117268070B discloses an energy-saving agricultural product drying device that allows for interchangeable placement plates and flipping of the agricultural products on them, ensuring uniform heating of the agricultural products and ensuring effective drying. The placement of the plates also reduces the internal cavity area of ​​the drying chamber, reducing heat loss and allowing for the recycling of residual heat from the dried air, thus improving the device's energy efficiency. Although this drying device allows for flipping, the agricultural products can collide during the drying process, causing surface damage or overall breakage, reducing their drying quality. Furthermore, the drying device requires the drive motor to operate continuously, preventing selective adjustment, which is detrimental to energy conservation and consumption reduction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent hot air drying device and method for agricultural products without screen replacement.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above problems is:

[0007] An intelligent hot air drying device for agricultural products without screen replacement, comprising:

[0008] The drying box has an air outlet on the top and an air inlet on the bottom, and a screen-free device inside;

[0009] The frame is located on one side of the drying box and is equipped with a heating system, a heat exchange system and an intelligent control system;

[0010] The heating system includes a central air pipe, a heater and a downwind pipe, wherein the bottom of the heater is connected to the air inlet of the drying box through the downwind pipe;

[0011] The heat exchange system includes a fan and a heat exchanger. The heat exchange outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the top of the heater through a middle air pipe, the exhaust air inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the dryer outlet through an upper air pipe, the cold air inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the fan, and the exhaust air outlet of the heat exchanger is provided with a valve;

[0012] The screen-replacement-free device includes a motor, a sieve plate, a hollow pin chain, a sprocket, a sprocket, a double sprocket, a chain, a driving sprocket, a chain, a passive sprocket, and a long shaft; the motor is installed on the drying box through a mounting seat, a driving sprocket is provided at the output end of the motor, the driving sprocket is connected to the passive sprocket at one end of the long shaft through the b chain, b sprockets are provided at both ends of the long shaft, the b sprocket is connected to one of the sprockets of the double sprocket through the a chain, the other sprocket of the double sprocket and the three a sprockets are distributed in a rectangular shape on the same side of the drying box, the hollow pin chains are respectively wound around the three a sprockets and the other sprocket of the double sprocket to form a circulating chain; a plurality of sieve plates distributed in layers are provided between the hollow pin chains on both sides;

[0013] An intelligent control system includes a control center and multiple infrared temperature measurement cameras installed in the drying oven corresponding to each layer of sieve trays. The control center is electrically connected to the motor. The infrared temperature measurement cameras are used to collect the temperature distribution map of the agricultural products in each layer of the sieve trays and feed it back to the control center. The control center performs temperature and moisture content analysis based on the temperature distribution map.

[0014] When the moisture content or temperature difference between the agricultural products in the top sieve plate and the bottom sieve plate of the sieve-free device is greater than a preset value, the control center controls the motor to start and swap the positions of the top sieve plate and the bottom sieve plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom of the drying box and the frame are both provided with walking wheels.

[0016] Furthermore, the fan, valve and heater are electrically connected to the control center through wires.

[0017] Furthermore, the infrared temperature measurement camera is used to collect infrared images of the agricultural products in each sieve tray and feed them back to the control center, which then analyzes the sensory quality of the agricultural products based on the infrared images.

[0018] When the sensory quality of agricultural products is lower than the preset value, the control center controls the valve to close and stop dehumidification, and performs slow drying.

[0019] Furthermore, the sensory qualities include but are not limited to appearance, color and cracks.

[0020] The present invention also provides an intelligent hot air drying method for agricultural products without screen replacement, comprising:

[0021] Use the above-mentioned intelligent hot air drying equipment for agricultural products without screen replacement;

[0022] Spread fresh produce flat on a sieve pan;

[0023] Close the drying oven door, start the control center, fan, and heater; at the same time, set the drying parameters; the fan sends cold air into the heat exchanger, and after heat exchange in the heat exchanger, it enters the heater for heating. The heated air enters the drying oven, and the hot and humid exhaust gas discharged from the drying oven enters the heat exchanger for heat exchange and is discharged from the exhaust outlet;

[0024] When the difference in moisture content or temperature of the agricultural products in the top sieve plate and the bottom sieve plate of the sieve-free device is greater than a preset value, the control center controls the motor to start, swap the positions of the top sieve plate and the bottom sieve plate, and then turn off the motor;

[0025] When the moisture content of the agricultural products reaches the set moisture content requirement, the control center controls the heating system and the fan to turn off and take the dried agricultural products out of the drying box.

[0026] Furthermore, it also includes that when the sensory quality of the agricultural products is lower than a preset value, the control center controls the valve to close and stop dehumidification, and performs slow drying.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The intelligent control system of the present invention can automatically identify the temperature, moisture content, sensory quality and its changing process of agricultural products during drying through an infrared temperature measuring camera; the motor, fan, valve and heating system are intelligently controlled through the control center; at the same time, the designed screen-changing-free device can make the screen plate move up and down in a cycle and intermittently change positions in the drying box, with a high degree of automation, which is conducive to energy saving and consumption reduction. The present invention can automatically select a reasonable drying mode and automatically meet the intermittent screen changing requirements according to the drying conditions and physical properties of the agricultural products, thereby effectively reducing labor intensity, labor costs, drying energy consumption, and improving drying efficiency and drying quality. In addition, the drying box of the present application is sealed and is also equipped with a heat exchange system, which can realize waste heat recovery and reuse, improve heat utilization rate, and further achieve energy-saving effect.

[0029] 2. The heat exchange system and heating system designed in the present invention can close and open the exhaust gas outlet of the heat exchanger under the action of the intelligent control system, thereby realizing three drying process modes, namely continuous, slow recovery, and slow recovery and continuous combination, on the same equipment; closing the valve and not discharging moisture can perform slow recovery to make the internal temperature, humidity and drying stress of the agricultural products uniformly distributed; opening the valve can achieve continuous drying; intermittently closing the valve can achieve slow recovery and continuous combination drying. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] FIG2 is another structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a screen-replacement-free device in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] In the figure: frame 1, fan 2, valve 3, exhaust air outlet 4, exhaust air inlet 5, upper air duct 6, drying box air outlet 7, drying box door 8, drying box 9, hinge 10, walking wheel 11, drying box air inlet 12, mounting base 13, motor 14, heat exchanger 15, cold air inlet 16, heat exchange air outlet 17, middle air duct 18, heater 19, lower air duct 20, sieve plate 21, hollow pin chain 22, sprocket a 23, sprocket b 24, chain a 25, driving sprocket 26, chain b 27, driven sprocket 28, intermediate shaft 29; major shaft 30, minor shaft 31, bearing seat 32, heat exchange system 33, heating system 34, screen-free device 35, intelligent control system 36, control center 361, wire 362, infrared temperature measurement camera 363. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific illustrations.

[0035] Embodiment 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, includes: a drying box 9, which is provided with a drying box air outlet 7 at the top, a drying box air inlet 12 at the bottom, and a screen-free device 35 inside; a drying box door 8, which is mounted on the drying box 9 by a hinge 10; a frame 1, which is provided on one side of the drying box 9, and is provided with a heating system 34, a heat exchange system 33 and an intelligent control system 36; the heating system 34 includes a middle air pipe 18, a heater 19 and a downwind pipe 20, and the bottom of the heater 19 is connected to the drying box air inlet 12 through the downwind pipe 20; the heat exchange system 33 includes a fan 2 and a heat exchanger 15, and the heat exchange outlet 1 of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the heat exchange outlet 1 7 is connected to the top of the heater 19 through the middle wind pipe 18, the exhaust air inlet 5 of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the drying box outlet 7 through the upper wind pipe 6, the cold air inlet 16 of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the fan 2, and the exhaust air outlet 4 of the heat exchanger 15 is provided with a valve 3; the screen-free device 35 includes a motor 14, a sieve plate 21, a hollow pin chain 22, a sprocket 23, a sprocket 24, a double sprocket, a chain 25, a driving sprocket 26, a chain 27, a driven sprocket 28 and a long shaft 30; the motor 14 is installed on the drying box 9 through the mounting seat 13, and the output end of the motor 14 is provided with a driving sprocket 26, which is connected to the driving sprocket 26 through the b chain 2 7 is connected to the passive sprocket 28 at one end of the long shaft 30, and a b sprocket 24 is provided at each end of the long shaft 30. The b sprocket 24 is connected to one of the sprockets of the double sprocket through the a chain 25. The other sprocket of the double sprocket and the three a sprockets 23 are arranged in a rectangular shape on the same side of the drying box 9. The hollow pin chain 22 is respectively wound around the three a sprockets 23 and the other sprocket of the double sprocket to form a circulating chain; a plurality of sieve plates 21 distributed in layers are provided between the hollow pin chains 22 on both sides; wherein the a sprocket 23 is installed in the drying box 9 through the short shaft 31 and the bearing seat 32, and the double sprocket is installed in the drying box 9 through the intermediate shaft 29 and the bearing seat 32. inside; intelligent control system 36; which includes a control center 361 and a plurality of infrared temperature measuring cameras 363 installed in the drying oven 9 corresponding to each layer of sieve tray, the control center 361 is electrically connected to the motor 14, and the infrared temperature measuring camera 363 is used to collect the temperature distribution map of the agricultural products in each layer of the sieve tray 21 and feed it back to the control center 361, and the control center 361 performs temperature and moisture content analysis based on the temperature distribution map; when the moisture content or temperature difference of the agricultural products in the sieve tray 21 at the top and the sieve tray 21 at the bottom of the sieve-free device 35 is greater than the preset value, the control center 361 controls the motor 14 to start and swap the positions of the top sieve tray 21 and the bottom sieve tray 21.In this embodiment, an infrared temperature measuring camera 363 is used to collect the temperature distribution diagram of the agricultural products in each layer of the sieve plate 21. Since the moisture content of the agricultural products is different, their temperature distribution diagrams are also different. The moisture content of the agricultural products can be obtained by combining the relationship between the moisture content and the temperature distribution diagram already in the control center 361; the control center 361 can control the opening and closing of the motor 14 according to the temperature or moisture content, thereby realizing automatic intermittent sieve changing and adjusting the drying level of the sieve plate 21. The high degree of automation is conducive to energy saving and consumption reduction.

[0036] In this embodiment, the bottom of the drying box 9 and the frame 1 are both provided with running wheels 11 to facilitate the movement of the equipment.

[0037] Example 2: Based on Example 1, the fan 2, valve 3 and heater 19 are electrically connected to the control center 361 through the wire 362 respectively; the infrared temperature measurement camera 363 is also used to collect infrared images of the agricultural products in each layer of the sieve plate 21 and feed them back to the control center 361. The control center 361 performs sensory quality analysis of the agricultural products based on the infrared images. The sensory quality includes but is not limited to appearance, color and cracks; when the sensory quality of the agricultural products is lower than the preset value, the control center 361 controls the valve 3 to close and stop dehumidification, and perform slow drying.

[0038] In this embodiment, an infrared temperature measuring camera 363 is used to collect infrared images of agricultural products. Combined with the existing agricultural product image data in the control center 361 and the relationship between the appearance, color, and cracks of the agricultural products during the real-time drying process, the control center 361 can analyze and judge the sensory qualities of the agricultural products such as appearance, color, cracks, etc. based on the agricultural product images, thereby determining the drying condition of the agricultural products; when the sensory qualities of the agricultural products such as appearance, color, cracks, etc. are lower than the preset value, the intelligent control system 36 automatically closes the valve 3 to stop dehumidification and performs slow drying, thereby adjusting the internal moisture content, temperature, and stress distribution of the agricultural products and reducing the drying potential difference; by closing and opening the valve 3, three drying modes can be realized: continuous drying, slow drying, and a combination of slow drying and continuous drying, which solves the problem of the single drying mode and poor versatility of the existing equipment.

[0039] In Example 3, the present invention further provides a method for drying agricultural products with hot air without screen replacement, comprising:

[0040] Use the above-mentioned intelligent hot air drying equipment for agricultural products without screen replacement;

[0041] Spreading fresh produce on the sieve tray 21;

[0042] Close the drying oven door 8, start the control center 361, fan 2, and heater 19, and set the drying parameters. Fan 2 sends cold air into the heat exchanger 15. After heat exchange in the heat exchanger 15, it enters the heater 19 for heating. The heated air enters the drying oven 9. The hot and humid exhaust gas discharged from the drying oven 9 enters the heat exchanger 15 for heat exchange and is discharged through the exhaust outlet 4.

[0043] When the difference in moisture content or temperature of the agricultural products in the top sieve plate 21 and the bottom sieve plate 21 of the sieve-changing-free device 35 is greater than a preset value, the control center 361 controls the motor 14 to start, swap the positions of the top sieve plate 21 and the bottom sieve plate 21, and then turn off the motor 14;

[0044] When the moisture content of the agricultural products reaches the set moisture content requirement, the control center 361 controls the heating system 34 and the fan 2 to be turned off, and the dried agricultural products are taken out from the drying box 9.

[0045] Furthermore, when the sensory quality of the agricultural products is lower than a preset value, the control center 361 controls the valve 3 to close and stop dehumidification, and performs slow drying.

[0046] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from all points of view, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claim to which they relate.

[0047] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method includes only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An intelligent hot air drying device for agricultural products without screen replacement, characterized in that: include: A drying box (9) is provided with a drying box air outlet (7) at the top, a drying box air inlet (12) at the bottom, and a screen-free device (35) inside; A frame (1) is arranged on one side of the drying box (9) and is provided with a heating system (34), a heat exchange system (33) and an intelligent control system (36); A heating system (34) comprising a middle air pipe (18), a heater (19) and a downwind pipe (20), wherein the bottom of the heater (19) is connected to the air inlet (12) of the drying box via the downwind pipe (20); A heat exchange system (33) comprises a fan (2) and a heat exchanger (15), wherein the heat exchange air outlet (17) of the heat exchanger (15) is connected to the top of the heater (19) via a middle air pipe (18), the exhaust air inlet (5) of the heat exchanger (15) is connected to the drying box air outlet (7) via an upper air pipe (6), the cold air inlet (16) of the heat exchanger (15) is connected to the fan (2), and the exhaust air outlet (4) of the heat exchanger (15) is provided with a valve (3); The screen-changing-free device (35) comprises a motor (14), a screen plate (21), a hollow pin chain (22), a sprocket (23), a sprocket (24), a double sprocket, a chain (25), a driving sprocket (26), a chain (27), a driven sprocket (28) and a long shaft (30); the motor (14) is mounted on a drying box (9) via a mounting seat (13); a driving sprocket (26) is provided at the output end of the motor (14); the driving sprocket (26) is connected to one end of the long shaft (30) via the chain (27) and a coupling. The two ends of the long shaft (30) are respectively provided with b sprockets (24), the b sprocket (24) is connected to one of the sprockets of the double sprockets through an a chain (25), the other sprocket of the double sprocket and the three a sprockets (23) are arranged in a rectangular shape on the same side of the drying box (9), and the hollow pin shaft chain (22) is respectively wound around the three a sprockets (23) and the other sprocket of the double sprocket to form a circulating chain; a plurality of sieve plates (21) arranged in layers are arranged between the hollow pin shaft chains (22) on both sides; An intelligent control system (36); comprising a control center (361) and a plurality of infrared temperature measuring cameras (363) installed in the drying box (9) and corresponding to each layer of sieve plates; the control center (361) is electrically connected to the motor (14); the infrared temperature measuring cameras (363) are used to collect a temperature distribution diagram of the agricultural products in each layer of the sieve plates (21) and feed it back to the control center (361); the control center (361) performs temperature and moisture content analysis based on the temperature distribution diagram; When the difference in moisture content or temperature of agricultural products in the top sieve plate (21) and the bottom sieve plate (21) of the sieve-changing-free device (35) is greater than a preset value, the control center (361) controls the motor (14) to start, and the positions of the top sieve plate (21) and the bottom sieve plate (21) are swapped.

2. The intelligent hot air drying equipment for agricultural products without screen replacement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottoms of the drying box (9) and the frame (1) are both provided with running wheels (11).

3. The intelligent hot air drying equipment for agricultural products without screen replacement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fan (2), the valve (3) and the heater (19) are electrically connected to the control center (361) via wires (362) respectively.

4. The intelligent hot air drying equipment for agricultural products without screen replacement according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The infrared temperature measuring camera (363) is also used to collect infrared images of the agricultural products in each layer of the sieve plate (21) and feed them back to the control center (361), and the control center (361) performs sensory quality analysis of the agricultural products based on the infrared images; When the sensory quality of the agricultural products is lower than a preset value, the control center (361) controls the valve (3) to close and stop dehumidification, thereby performing slow drying.

5. The intelligent hot air drying equipment for agricultural products without screen replacement according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The organoleptic qualities include but are not limited to appearance, color and cracks.

6. An intelligent hot air drying method for agricultural products without screen replacement, characterized in that: include: Adopting an intelligent hot air drying device for agricultural products without screen replacement as described in any one of claims 1 to 5; Spreading fresh agricultural products on the sieve plate (21); The drying box door (8) is closed, and the control center (361), the fan (2) and the heater (19) are started; at the same time, the drying parameters are set; the fan (2) sends cold air into the heat exchanger (15), and after heat exchange in the heat exchanger (15), the cold air enters the heater (19) for heating, and the heated air enters the drying box (9), and the hot and humid waste gas discharged from the drying box (9) enters the heat exchanger (15) for heat exchange and is discharged from the waste gas outlet (4); When the difference in water content or temperature of agricultural products in the top sieve plate (21) and the bottom sieve plate (21) of the sieve-changing-free device (35) is greater than a preset value, the control center (361) controls the motor (14) to start, swaps the positions of the top sieve plate (21) and the bottom sieve plate (21), and then turns off the motor (14); When the moisture content of the agricultural products reaches the set moisture content requirement, the control center (361) controls the heating system (34) and the fan (2) to be turned off, and the dried agricultural products are taken out from the drying box (9).

7. The intelligent hot air drying method for agricultural products without screen replacement according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes the step of controlling the valve (3) to close and stop moisture discharge when the sensory quality of the agricultural products is lower than a preset value, and performing slow drying.

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