Blank, component and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a blank made of two different metal materials for producing components by means of shaping, in particular for producing contact rivets, cable shoes, cable sleeves, double threaded bolts and the like, in which the blank has a pin-like part made of a first metal material, in particular copper, and a pot-like part made of a second metal material, in particular aluminium or steel, wherein a connection portion of the pin-like part is received in a connection portion of the pot-like part and wherein the connection portion of the pin-like part and the connection portion of the pot-like part adhere to one another.

Description

[0001] Blank, component and process

[0002] The invention relates to a blank for producing components. The invention further relates to a method for producing a blank. The invention further relates to a component and a method for producing a component.

[0003] In the manufacture of components made of two metallic materials, such as contact rivets, cable lugs, cable sleeves, double-threaded bolts for connecting ground cables, and the like, it is known to join two parts made of different metallic materials together, for example by friction welding, resistance welding, pressure / resistance pressure welding, or laser welding. Such so-called bimetallic components are required, for example, when a contact rivet is to be connected to an aluminum component on the one hand and, on the other, is to have a non-oxidizing and highly electrically conductive contact surface, for example, made of copper. This also applies, for example, to contact rivets for vehicle batteries in electric vehicles.

[0004] The invention is intended to improve a blank, a method for producing a blank, a component and a method for producing a component.

[0005] According to the invention, a blank having the features of claim 1, a method for producing a blank having the features of claim 5, a component having the features of claim 7, and a method for producing a component having the features of claim 9 are provided. Advantageous developments of the invention are mentioned in the respective subclaims.

[0006] A blank made of two different metallic materials for producing components by forming, in particular for producing contact rivets, cable lugs, double-threaded bolts, and the like, comprises a pin-like part made of a first metallic material, in particular copper, and a cup-like part made of a second metallic material, in particular aluminum or steel. A connecting portion of the pin-like portion is received in a connecting portion of the cup-like portion, wherein the connecting portion of the pin-like portion and the connecting portion of the cup-like portion adhere to one another.

[0007] By accommodating a connecting section of the pin-shaped section in a connecting section of the cup-shaped part, the blank has a defined interface between the two different metallic materials. This interface is independent of the final product and is also formed during the manufacturing of the component by forming. This also makes it possible to achieve, for example, a defined contact resistance, a defined holding force and / or a defined overtorque between the two parts in the area of ​​the formed interface on the finished component. The defined interface of the blank therefore allows a component to be manufactured from the blank by forming in a process-reliable manner. The two connecting sections are adapted to one another very precisely, in particular by forming through pressing, so that the connecting sections adhere to one another.In other words, the pin-like part and the cup-like part are matched to one another after pressing, but are not manufactured as a fit from the outset. The fact that the pin-like part and the cup-like part fit together precisely is achieved by forming, in particular pressing, during the production of the blank from the pin-like part and the cup-like part. During a forming process or several further forming processes when producing a component from the blank, there is therefore no risk of cavities forming in the component when forming the defined interface. A component can therefore be produced from the blank according to the invention with process reliability and defined properties. Furthermore, the adhesion of the connecting sections of the pin-like part and the cup-like part facilitates handling of the blank.During normal handling, the pin-like part and the cup-like part adhere to one another and can, for example, be transported automatically and / or inserted into a press. On the other hand, however, the pin-like part and the cup-like part can be separated from one another non-destructively, as only the adhesive effect needs to be overcome. Because the blank features the precisely matched connecting sections of the pin-like part and the cup-like part, no special forming processes or special tools are required when manufacturing a component from the blank. Instead, the blank can be machined using a variety of different forming processes, in particular, upsetting, to obtain a desired component.A very important advantage of the blank according to the invention is that in order to produce a component by forming from the blank, no special system adapted to the blank needs to be provided.

[0008] In a further development of the invention, adhesion between the connecting section of the pin-like part and the connecting section of the cup-like part is achieved by means of adhesion, and the connecting section of the pin-like part and the connecting section of the cup-like part can be separated from one another non-destructively. As a result, the connecting sections of the blank are so precisely adapted to one another, in particular through a forming process during the manufacture of the blank, that adhesion occurs between the connecting sections. The adaptation of the connecting sections to one another can be achieved during a first forming process by pressing, known as adhesion joining. This promotes the creation of a defined interface between the two parts made of different metallic materials.During the subsequent forming of the blank, especially through preforming and final forming, there is no risk of voids, defects, or the like at the interface between the connecting sections. For example, this allows a defined electrical contact resistance and a defined holding force between the two parts to be achieved in the finished component.

[0009] In a further development of the invention, the connecting portion of the pin-like part is frustoconical and the connecting portion of the pot-like part has a frustoconical recess which is adapted to the connecting portion of the pin-like part.

[0010] During blank production, the truncated conical connecting section of the pin-like part is inserted or pressed into the truncated conical recess of the connecting section of the cup-like part, and the pin-like part and the cup-like part then adhere to one another. This is known as adhesion joining. For this purpose, the cone angle of the truncated conical recess can be only slightly larger than the cone angle of the truncated conical connecting section of the pin-like part. During pressing of the pin-like part and the cup-like part, the air between the truncated conical recess and the truncated conical connecting section can escape from the inside to the outside. With adhesion joining, the mold is filled from the inside to the outside through the cones, which are matched to one another but differ from one another before pressing.During adhesive joining, the softer material of the pin-like part, especially aluminum, fills the recess in the harder material of the cup-like part from the inside out, thus displacing the air. The material of the pin-like part adapts to the existing contour of the recess in the cup-like part, creating adhesion between the two joining partners. This creates an exact negative of each other. After adhesive joining, the parts adhere to one another but can still be separated without damage. After adhesive joining, the blank is finished. During preforming, in which the blank is further deformed, a characteristic mushroom-shaped contour can arise at the interface between the pin-like part and the cup-like part.It is important that the interface or separation point is sufficiently reinforced during preforming, and in particular that it cannot deviate uncontrollably, allowing the mushroom-shaped contour to form. During finish forming, the component pre-joined during preforming can then be deformed to the final component geometry. It is advantageous if the separation point or interface is radially enclosed by a tool during subsequent operations, particularly during preforming and finish forming. For example, the blank is produced from the pin-like part and the cup-like part by adhesion joining, and the final component is then manufactured from the blank by preforming and finish forming.

[0011] In a further development of the invention, the connecting section of the pin-like part and / or the connecting section of the pot-like part are surface-treated, in particular coated, in particular coated with an oxidation protection or an electrically conductive metal, ground, and / or polished.

[0012] In this way, the adhesion between the connecting sections and, for example, the electrical contact resistance between the connecting sections can be influenced. With a suitable coating, for example, a forming process, and in particular the formation of the interface between the two parts of the finished component, can also be influenced.

[0013] A method for producing a blank according to the invention involves producing the pin-like part from a first metallic material and producing the cup-like part from a second metallic material that differs from the first metallic material. The geometric dimensions of the connecting section of the pin-like part and / or the geometric dimensions of the connecting section of the cup-like part are adjusted so that the connecting sections fit together precisely. Furthermore, the connecting sections are inserted into one another so that the connecting sections adhere to one another.

[0014] The connecting sections adhere to one another, particularly through adhesion, and can be pressed together, for example, in addition to being inserted. Nevertheless, the connecting sections should remain detachable from one another without damage. It is essential within the scope of the invention that a defined interface is created between the connecting sections. While this interface is deformed during the forming of the blank, it does not, for example, create any cavities between the two parts of the finished component and ensures a defined electrical contact resistance between the two parts of the finished component.In addition, when the interface is deformed, a positive connection is achieved between the two parts of the finished component, in particular by creating a mushroom-shaped contour when forming the connecting section of the pin-shaped part and a corresponding mushroom-shaped recess in the area of ​​the connecting section of the cup-shaped part. In addition, when forming the blank, in particular during upsetting, a material connection is created in the area of ​​the contact surfaces between the cup-shaped part and the pin-like part by cold welding. During forming, in particular during upsetting, and the creation of the mushroom-shaped contour on the pin-like part and the cup-like part, a relative movement and, as a result, friction arises in the area of ​​the contact surface due to the enlargement of the contact surface between the pin-like part and the cup-like part compared to the non-formed state.This results in at least partial cold welding in the contact area between the pin-like part and the cup-like part. In the finished component, the two parts are thus permanently connected to each other in a form-fitting, material-to-material manner.

[0015] In a component produced from a blank according to the invention by forming, the component consequently consists of a first part made of a first metallic material and a second part made of a second metallic material, wherein the two parts are connected to one another in a form-fitting manner and in particular by means of a mushroom-shaped contour of the first part which engages in a mushroom-shaped recess of the second part.

[0016] During forming, the first part and the second part are also joined together by cold welding.

[0017] On the finished component, the at least partially formed first part and the at least partially formed second part are thus connected to each other both in a form-fitting manner, in particular by means of a mushroom-shaped contour, and in a material-to-material connection. The material-to-material connection is achieved at the interface between the first part and the second part by cold welding.

[0018] In a method for producing a component, in particular a contact rivet or cable lug, the forming of a blank according to the invention is carried out in particular by upsetting.

[0019] During forming, particularly during upsetting, the connecting section of the pin-like part of the blank is deformed simultaneously with the connecting section of the cup-shaped part of the blank such that the two connecting sections are secured to one another in a form-fitting manner. This is achieved, in particular, by forming a mushroom-shaped contour of the connecting section of the pin-like part, which engages in a form-fitting manner in a mushroom-shaped recess in the connecting section of the cup-like part.

[0020] In a further development of the invention, the production of an at least partially polygonal outer contour of the component takes place during forming, wherein during forming the connecting section of the pin-like part of the blank contains a polygonal outer contour and the connecting section of the pot-like part receives a polygonal inner contour.

[0021] In addition to a positive connection in the axial direction, i.e. in a direction in which the two parts of the component according to the invention would be pulled apart, a positive connection in the circumferential direction, i.e. against twisting of the two parts of the finished component, can also be achieved. For example, the connecting section of the pin-shaped part of the blank is formed into a mushroom-shaped outer contour which is polygonal on its circumference, and the connecting section of the pot-shaped part of the blank is given a mushroom-shaped inner contour during the forming process, the circumference of which is also polygonal. For example, the component is given a hexagonal outer contour at least in sections during the forming process, so that the outer contour can be attacked, for example, with suitable open-end wrenches.Simultaneously with the formation of the hexagonal outer contour, the connecting section of the pin-like part of the blank also receives a hexagonal outer contour, and the connecting section of the cup-like part receives a hexagonal inner contour. This configuration is particularly useful if the finished component is to be connected to another component using a screw connection.

[0022] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the drawings. Individual features of the various illustrated embodiments can be combined in any way with individual features of other embodiments. This also applies if the individual features are combined without other individual features with which they are illustrated and / or described in connection. The drawings show:

[0023] Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a blank according to the invention according to a first embodiment,

[0024] Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the blank of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a perspective view obliquely from above of a pin-like part for a blank according to a second embodiment,

[0025] Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the blank according to the second embodiment with the pin-like part of Fig. 3 and the pot-like part of Fig. 2,

[0026] Fig. 5 is a perspective view obliquely from above of a pin-like part for a blank according to a third embodiment of the invention,

[0027] Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a blank according to the third embodiment with the pin-like part of Fig. 5 and the pot-like part of Fig. 2,

[0028] Fig. 7 shows a blank according to a fourth embodiment in a perspective view obliquely from above,

[0029] Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the blank of Fig. 7,

[0030] Fig. 9 is a perspective view obliquely from above of a blank according to a fifth embodiment,

[0031] Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the blank of Fig. 9,

[0032] Fig. 11 is a perspective view obliquely from above of a blank according to a sixth embodiment,

[0033] Fig. 12 is a sectional view of the blank of Fig. 11,

[0034] Fig. 13 shows a component produced from the blank according to the first embodiment, which forms a contact rivet, in a perspective view obliquely from above,

[0035] Fig. 14 is a sectional view of the component of Fig. 13,

[0036] Fig. 15 shows another component made from a blank according to the invention in a perspective view obliquely from above,

[0037] Fig. 16 is a sectional view of the component of Fig. 15, Fig. 17 is a view of the section plane AA in Fig. 16,

[0038] Fig. 18 is a view of another component made from a blank according to the invention in a perspective view obliquely from above,

[0039] Fig. 19 is a sectional view of the component of Fig. 18,

[0040] Fig. 20 a view of the section plane BB in Fig. 19,

[0041] Fig. 21 to 27 show various steps in the production of a blank according to the invention and a component from the blank according to the invention by means of forming,

[0042] Fig. 28a to 28e show several steps in forming the blank of Fig. 25 in a press to the component of Fig. 26,

[0043] Fig. 29 a component according to the invention designed as a contact rivet for a battery,

[0044] Fig. 30 four components according to the invention designed as cable sleeves and

[0045] Fig. 31 a component according to the invention designed as a cable lug.

[0046] Fig. 1 shows an exploded view of a blank 10 in an oblique view from above. The blank has a pin-like part 12 and a cup-like part 14. The pin-like part 12 and the cup-like part 14 are intended to be inserted into one another. Fig. 11 shows the blank 10 in the connected state of the pin-like part 12 and the cup-like part 14, and Fig. 12 shows a sectional view of the blank 10. The blank 10 consists of the pin-like part 12 made of a first metallic material and the cup-like part 14 made of a second metallic material.

[0047] Figs. 1 and 2 show that the pin-like part 12 has a frustoconical connecting portion 16. The frustoconical portion 16 is formed in the shape of a circular truncated cone.

[0048] The pot-like part 14 is provided with a connecting section 18 (see Fig. 2) in the form of a frustoconical recess. Fig. 2 shows that the geometric dimensions of the connecting section 16 of the pin-like part 1 and the geometric dimensions of the connecting section 18 of the pot-like part 14 are adapted to one another, so that when the pin-like part 12 and the pot-like part 14 are connected (see Figs. 11 and 12), there is no gap between the connecting section 16 of the pin-like part 12 and the connecting section 18 of the pot-like part 14. The outer contour of the connecting section 16 of the pin-like part 12 lies flat and without a gap against the inner contour of the connecting section 18 of the pot-like part 14. In the connected state of Figs. 11 and 12, the pin-like part 12 and the cup-like part 14 adhere to each other.This is achieved by adhesion between the connecting section 16 of the pin-like part 12 and the connecting section 18 of the cup-like part 14. In the connected state of Figs. 11 and 12, the blank 10 can thus be easily handled as a single part, for example, transported, stored and, for example, placed in a press for forming. On the other hand, the pin-like part 12 and the cup-like part 14 can be separated from one another non-destructively starting from the connected state of Figs. 11 and 12 in order to return to the separated state of Figs. 1 and 2. In order to connect the pin-like part 12 and the cup-like part 14 to one another starting from the state of Figs. 1 and 2, the diameter of the connecting section 16 at the upper, free end is only slightly smaller than the diameter at the upper end of the connecting section 18, i.e. at the upper end of the cup-like recess.The cone angle of the connecting section 18, i.e., the cup-shaped recess, can be slightly larger than the cone angle of the connecting section 16 of the pin-like part 12. The pin-like part 12 can be pressed into the cup-shaped part 14 so that the outer contour of the connecting section 16 rests against the inner contour of the connecting section 18, creating adhesion between the connecting section 16 and the connecting section 18. The pin-like part 12 and the cup-shaped part 14 are then connected to one another by adhering to one another. However, the adhesion causing the adhesion can be overcome by pulling the pin-like part 12 and the cup-shaped part 14 apart, so that the pin-like part 12 and the cup-shaped part 14 can be separated from one another again without causing damage.

[0049] When the connecting section 16 of the pin-like part 12 is pressed into the connecting section 18 of the cup-like part 14, which forms a recess, a slight deformation occurs such that the surface of the connecting section 16 rests against the surface of the connecting section 18. The cone angle of the connecting section 16 on the pin-like part 12 is slightly smaller than the cone angle on the connecting section 18 of the cup-like part 14. During the pressing process, the recess formed by the connecting section 18 is filled from the bottom of the recess, displacing the air. The material of the connecting section 16 conforms to the connecting section 18, creating adhesion between the two joining partners. The material of the pin-like part 12 can be softer than the material of the cup-like part 14.In addition, the shoulder-shaped step surrounding the connecting section 16 on the pin-like part 12, see Fig. 4, can be slightly reshaped so that after the adhesive joining, the shape of the step results as shown in Fig. 8.

[0050] A component is produced from the blank 10 by forming, for example the components shown in Figs. 13 to 20 and 29 to 31. The components are manufactured by forming the blank 10, in particular by upsetting, see Fig. 28. The forming of the blank can take place in several steps, for example preforming and finish forming. The connecting sections 16, 18, which are adapted to one another in their geometric dimensions and adhere to one another, provide a defined interface between the pin-like part 12 and the pot-like part 14 before the blank is formed. This can ensure, for example, that after forming (see Fig. 28), there is no hollow space between the connecting section 16 of the pin-like part 12 and the connecting section 18 of the pot-like part 14.This ensures the mechanical cohesion of the two parts of the finished component and, for example, keeps the electrical contact resistance between the two parts of the finished component low or at a defined value. The finished component then consists of two parts made of different metallic materials.

[0051] When producing a contact rivet, for example, the pin-like part 12 can be made of steel, and the cup-like part 14 of copper. The pin-like part 12 is ultimately intended to be connected to a sheet metal structure, for example a contact arm. The cup-like part 14, on the other hand, is intended to connect to a mating contact. Components made of different metallic materials can therefore be reliably produced from the blank 10 according to the invention. In particular, the blank 10 according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with special forming machines when forming the blank 10 to produce a component according to the invention. The blank 10 according to the invention can essentially be formed into a component in any desired forming machine, in particular by upsetting.

[0052] An outer contour of the connecting section 16 of the pin-like part 12 and / or an inner contour of the connecting section 18 of the cup-like part 14 can be surface-treated, in particular coated, before connecting the pin-like part 12 and the cup-like part 14 in order to be able to influence the properties of the interface between the connecting sections 16, 18. For example, the connecting section 16 and / or the connecting section 18 can be coated with an oxidation protection or an electrically conductive metal, can be ground, can be polished, and can also be provided with a suitable anti-corrosive coating, for example.

[0053] Fig. 3 shows a pin-like part 22 for a blank according to another embodiment of the invention. It can be seen that the pin-like part 22 is identical to the pin-like part 12 in the region of the connecting section 16, but that an outwardly sloping collar is provided at the transition from the connecting section 16 to a base 24, in contrast to the radially extending collar on the pin-like part 12 in Fig. 1.

[0054] Fig. 4 shows that the pin-like part 22 is intended to be connected to the pot-like part 14, which has already been explained with reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 11 and 12.

[0055] Since the connecting section 16 of the pin-like part 22 is designed in the same way as the connecting section 16 of the pin-like part 12 of Figs. 1 and 2, after insertion, in particular after pressing and adhesive joining, the outer contour of the connecting section 16 adheres to the inner contour of the connecting section 18 of the pot-like part 14 in the same way as has already been described with reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 11 and 12.

[0056] Fig. 5 shows a pin-like part 32 according to another embodiment of the invention. The pin-like part 32 has a cylindrical base 34, the outer diameter of which corresponds to the base diameter of the frustoconical connecting section 16. The connecting section 16 is identical to the connecting sections 16 of the pin-like parts 12, 22.

[0057] The pin-like part 34 is intended, see Fig. 6, to be connected to the cup-like part 14, which has already been explained with reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 11 and 12.

[0058] Fig. 7 shows a blank 40 according to the invention in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention. The blank 14 has a pin-like part 42 and a pot-like part 44. The pin-like part 42 and the pot-like part 44 differ only with regard to their outer contour, which can be seen in Fig. 7, from the pin-like part 12 and the pot-like part 14, which has already been explained with reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 11 and 12. A connecting section 18 of the pot-like part 44 and a connecting section 16 of the pin-like part 42, on the other hand, are identical to the connecting sections 16, 18 and also adhere to one another in the manner already explained with reference to the connecting sections 16, 18 of the blank 10 in Figs. 1, 2, 11 and 12.

[0059] The modified outer contour of the pin-like part 42 and the cup-like part 44 is selected to enable the production of a desired component from the blank 40 or 10, respectively. The component is manufactured by forming, in particular upsetting. To achieve a desired shape of the manufactured component, the blank 10, 40 may need to have a different outer contour in order to have more or less material available at the desired locations to enable the production of the desired shape of the component.

[0060] Fig. 9 shows a blank 50 according to the invention according to a further embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 10 shows a sectional view of the blank 50 of Fig. 9. In the sectional view of Fig. 10, it can be seen that the connecting section 16 of the pin-like part 52 and the connecting section 18 of the cup-like part 54 are of the same design as the previously explained connecting sections 16, 18 of the blank 10 of Figs. 1, 2, 11, and 12.

[0061] Fig. 13 shows a finished component 60, which was produced by forming from the blank 10 of Figs. 11 and 12. The component 60 has a first, lower part 62 in Fig. 13, and a second, upper part 64. The component 60 is designed as a contact rivet and was produced by upsetting from the blank 10 of Figs. 11 and 12.

[0062] As a result of the upsetting, a circular disk-shaped upper part 66 is formed on the second part 64, the outer diameter of which is larger than the outer diameter of the blank 10 of Figs. 11 and 12. The diameter of the first part 62 of the component 60 is only slightly larger than the diameter of the blank 10. The first part 62 is made of steel, for example, and the second part 64 is made of copper, for example.

[0063] The sectional view of component 60 in Fig. 14 shows that the outer contour of the connecting sections 16, 18 of the pin-like part 12 and the pot-like part 14 have also been deformed during forming. In particular, the upper part 64 of component 60 in Fig. 14 has a mushroom-shaped recess into which a mushroom-shaped projection of the lower part 62 in Fig. 14 engages in a form-fitting manner. During forming by upsetting, the connecting sections 16, 18 of the pin-like part 12 and the pot-like part 14 were deformed inside the blank 10 in such a way that the mushroom-shaped contour visible in Fig. 14 with a concave peripheral surface and a likewise slightly concave cover surface is produced. The mushroom-shaped contour can be produced during a preforming process. The final outer contour is produced during a finish-forming process. It is Fig.14 that the two parts 62, 64 of component 60 abut one another without a hollow space and are positively secured to one another by the mushroom-shaped contour formed during forming. In particular, the first part 62 and the second part 64 of component 60 cannot be separated from one another without causing damage. However, the interface between the first part 62 and the second part 64 does not have any defects, hollow spaces, or the like. The electrical contact resistance between the first component 62 and the second component 64 also lies within a defined range, at least within a tightly toleranced range, even if the blank 10 is manufactured in very large quantities. The component 60 can thus be manufactured reliably by simple forming, and it can be ensured that the electrical and mechanical properties of the finished component 60 correspond to the previously defined specifications.

[0064] Fig. 15 shows a finished component 70 according to another embodiment of the invention. The component 70 has a hexagonal annular flange 76, which, for example, allows the engagement of an open-end wrench. The hexagonal annular flange 76 was formed by axially upsetting a blank. The axial upsetting leads to an increase in the diameter in the radial direction. To maintain the hexagonal shape, the material flow is limited by a hexagonal die in the tool.

[0065] In the sectional view of Fig. 16 it can be seen that the first part 72 of the component 70 and the second part 74 of the component 70 are positively connected to one another with the mushroom-like contour already explained with reference to Fig. 14.

[0066] The sectional view taken along plane AA in Fig. 17 shows that the connecting sections 16, 18 of the blank are also deformed by upsetting in the axial direction to produce a hexagonal shape. As a result, the mushroom-shaped contour has a hexagonal outer contour, as can be seen in Fig. 17. As a result, there is not only a positive connection between the first part 72 and the second part 74 of the component 70 in the axial direction, i.e. from top to bottom and from bottom to top in Fig. 16, but also in the circumferential direction, i.e. clockwise and counterclockwise in Fig. 17. The two parts 72, 74 of the component 70 are therefore also connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner. The previously discussed material bond by cold welding also contributes to this. Therefore, especially when forming the mushroom-shaped contour by forming, the separation point must be sufficiently reinforced. In particular, deflection must be prevented.It is also advantageous during forming by subsequent operations if the separation point is enclosed in the radial direction by the tool. Fig. 18 shows a further component 80 according to the invention. Fig. 19 shows a sectional view of the component 80 and Fig. 20 shows a view of the sectional plane BB in Fig. 19. It can be seen from Figs. 19 and 20 that the first part 82 and the second part 84 of the component 80 are positively connected to one another by the mushroom-shaped contour formed during forming in the region of the connecting sections 16, 18 of the blank used. An interface between the first part 82 and the second part 84 in the region of the mushroom-shaped contour has a circular cross-section.

[0067] Figs. 21 to 26 show successively several steps in the production of a blank 90 finished in Fig. 25 with a pin-like part 92 and a cup-like part 94.

[0068] The pin-like part 92 is made from a cylindrical wire section as shown in Fig. 21. The edges of the wire section are rounded as shown in Fig. 22. As shown in Fig. 23, a truncated cone-shaped connecting section 16 is formed at the upper end shown in Fig. 23.

[0069] To produce the pot-like part, a cylindrical wire section is also used as shown in Fig. 21, the edges of which are rounded as shown in Fig. 22 and a slight depression is pressed into the underside of the wire section.

[0070] According to Fig. 23, a connecting section 18 is formed in the form of a frustoconical recess.

[0071] According to Fig. 24, the connecting section 16 and the connecting section 28 are inserted into one another. The pin-like part according to Fig. 25 is produced by pressing, which, compared to the state in Fig. 24, also receives an annular flange 96 and a conical recess 98 at the lower end facing away from the cup-like part 94. The cup-like part 94 is slightly reduced in diameter compared to Fig. 24.

[0072] In the state shown in Fig. 25, the blank 90 is manufactured. As already explained, the pin-like part 92 and the cup-like part 94 adhere to one another in the region of their connecting sections 16, 18 by adhesion. Consequently, the pin-like part 92 and the cup-like part 94 can be handled together, but they can also be separated from one another non-destructively, for example, by applying a few strong hammer blows or by forcefully pulling on the pin-like part 92 on the one hand and the cup-like part 94 on the other.

[0073] Fig. 26 shows a finished component 100 after the forming of the blank 90. ​​The mushroom-shaped contour at the interface between the first part 102, lower in Fig. 26, which was created from the pin-like part 92 of the blank 90, and the second part 104, upper in Fig. 26, which was created from the cup-like part 94 of the blank 90, can be clearly seen.

[0074] Fig. 27 shows detail Z in Fig. 26 on an enlarged scale. During forming, a circumferential projection was formed on the underside of an annular flange 106 of the second part 104.

[0075] Fig. 28 shows, in the schematic representations a, b, c, d and e, successive forming steps during the forming of the blank 90 of Fig. 25 into the component 10 of Fig. 26. It can be seen that in state a the blank 90 has not yet been deformed and, as a result, the connecting sections 16, 18 have not yet been deformed either. By upsetting by means of a punch 110 in Fig. 28 from top to bottom against a die 112 in which the blank 90 is received, a gradual formation of the mushroom-shaped contour then takes place (see representations b, c, d and e) at the interface between the first part 102 and the second part 104 of the component 100 which has been completely formed in state e. The outer contour of the component 100 is also formed by the upsetting process by means of the punch 110.

[0076] Fig. 29 shows a finished component 120 in the form of a contact rivet for a battery. The contact rivet or component 120 is connected to a cover plate 122. The contact rivet 120 consists, for example, in its upper region with a smaller diameter of an easily deformable and highly electrically conductive material, for example copper, and in its lower region with a larger diameter (shown in Fig. 29) of a material, for example aluminum or steel, that can be easily connected to the cover plate 122, for example by welding. Between the upper region, for example made of copper, and the lower region, for example made of aluminum or steel, there is both a positive connection and a material connection through cold welding.

[0077] Fig. 30 shows four components 130 according to the invention in the form of four identical cable sleeves. A first component 132 of the cable sleeves consists, for example, of copper and a second component 134 of aluminum, so that the second component can be pressed, for example, onto the end of a cable. Not visible in Fig. 30, as well as in Fig. 29, is an interface between the respective first part and the second part of the components 120, 130. However, this interface has the mushroom-shaped contour already explained, which ensures a defined interface between the two parts. At the interface, there is both a positive connection and a material connection by cold welding between the first component and the second component. Fig. 31 shows a further component 140 according to the invention, which is designed as a cable lug. The component 140 has a first part 132, which consists, for example, of copper or aluminum and can be connected to the end of a cable.A second part 144 is formed, for example, from aluminum or steel and provided with a through-hole, for example, to be screwed to an electrical contact. An interface between the first part 142 and the second part 144 of the component 140 is formed as already explained and has the mushroom-shaped contour between the first component 142 and the second component 144. At the interface, there is both a positive connection and a material connection through cold welding between the first component and the second component.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Blank made of two different metallic materials for producing components by forming, in particular for producing contact rivets, cable lugs, double-threaded bolts and the like, characterized in that the blank has a pin-like part made of a first metallic material, in particular copper, and a pot-like part made of a second metallic material, in particular aluminum or steel, wherein a connecting section of the pin-like part is received in a connecting section of the pot-like part and wherein the connecting section of the pin-like part and the connecting section of the pot-like part adhere to one another.

2. Blank according to claim 1, characterized in that adhesion between the connecting portion of the pin-like part and the connecting portion of the pot-like part is effected by means of adhesion and that the connecting portion of the pin-like part and the connecting portion of the pot-like part can be detached from one another without destruction.

3. Blank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting portion of the pin-like part is frustoconical and that the connecting portion of the cup-like part has a frustoconical recess which is adapted to the connecting portion of the pin-like part, in particular after the pressing in and adhesive joining of the pin-like part and the cup-like part.

4. Blank according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting section of the pin-like part and / or the connecting section of the pot-like part are surface-treated, in particular coated, in particular coated with an oxidation protection and / or an electrically conductive metal, ground and / or polished.

5. A method for producing a blank according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by producing the pin-like part from a first metallic material and the pot-like part from a second metallic material which differs from the first metallic material, adjusting the geometric dimensions of the connecting section of the pin-like part and / or the connecting section of the pot-like part, so that the connecting sections fit exactly into each other, and pushing, in particular pressing, the connecting sections into each other so that the connecting sections adhere to each other.

6. Method according to claim 5, characterized by forming a frustoconical connecting portion on the pin-like part and forming a frustoconical recess on the cup-like part.

7. Component produced by forming from a blank according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by a first part made of a first metallic material and a second part made of a second metallic material, wherein the first part and the second part engage in one another in a form-fitting manner, in particular by means of a mushroom-like outer contour on the first part and a mushroom-like inner contour on the second part.

8. Component according to claim 7, characterized in that the first part and the second part are integrally connected to one another by means of cold welding.

9. A method for producing a component, in particular a contact rivet or cable lug, characterized by forming a blank according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, in particular by upsetting.

0. A method according to claim 9, characterized by producing an at least partially polygonal outer contour of the component during forming, wherein the connecting section of the pin-like part of the blank receives a polygonal outer contour and the connecting section of the pot-like part receives a polygonal inner contour during forming.

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