Rotor, permanent magnet electric motor, and vehicle

Abstract

A permanent magnet electric motor, which is provided with a rotor. The permanent magnet electric motor is arranged in a vehicle. The rotor comprises a rotor core, magnetic regulating elements and slider assemblies, wherein the magnetic regulating elements are circumferentially slidably arranged in the rotor core, and the slider assemblies are arranged on at least one axial end of the rotor core, the slider assemblies being capable of moving radially and driving the magnetic regulating elements to slide circumferentially in the rotor core.

Description

Rotor, permanent magnet motor and vehicle

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application is based on the Chinese patent application with application number 202410128736.0, application date January 29, 2024, and name “Rotor, permanent magnet motor, powertrain and vehicle”, and claims the priority of the above Chinese patent application. The entire content of the above Chinese patent application is hereby introduced into this application as a reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of flux motors, and in particular to a rotor, a permanent magnet motor and a vehicle. Background Art

[0004] The variable flux permanent magnet motor introduces an additional degree of freedom in magnetic adjustment on the basis of the traditional permanent magnet motor. Its air gap magnetic field is adjustable. It is a motor with great development potential that combines the advantages of permanent magnet motors and electromagnetic excitation motors.

[0005] In the related art, mechanically adjustable magnet motors, a commonly used type of variable flux permanent magnet motor, include various topologies, including air gap adjustment, rotor adjustment, centrifugal, and leakage flux. Centrifugal mechanically adjustable magnet motors utilize the changing centrifugal force at varying speeds to adjust the magnetization of the permanent magnets. However, existing centrifugal mechanically adjustable magnet motors suffer from a narrow adjustable flux range and limited magnetic adjustment capabilities.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application proposes a rotor that can solve the problems of the prior art such as the small adjustable flux linkage range and limited magnetic adjustment capability.

[0008] According to the rotor of an embodiment of the present application, the rotor includes a rotor core, a magnetic tuning element and a slider assembly, the magnetic tuning element can be circumferentially slidably arranged in the rotor core, and the slider assembly is arranged at least at one axial end of the rotor core, wherein the slider assembly can move radially and drive the magnetic tuning element to slide circumferentially in the rotor core.

[0009] According to the rotor of the embodiment of the present application, an additional magnetic adjustment degree of freedom is introduced in an adaptive manner through the setting of the magnetic adjustment element and the slider assembly. When the rotor is running at high speed, the magnetic leakage of the rotor can be adjusted by the magnetic adjustment element and the slider assembly, thereby realizing the adjustment of the main magnetic field of the rotor, making the air gap magnetic field of the motor adjustable, while ensuring high torque density and power density, effectively broadening the constant power operation area and high-efficiency area of ​​the motor.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the rotor of the present application, the rotor further includes a base, the base is arranged at at least one axial end of the rotor core, and the slider assembly is movably arranged on the base.

[0011] According to the rotor of the water tank in some embodiments of the present application, the slider assembly includes a cam slider element and an elastic element, both ends of the elastic element are fixedly connected to the cam slider element and the machine base respectively, a guide rail portion is provided on the machine base, and the cam slider element is movably arranged on the guide rail portion.

[0012] According to the rotor of the water tank in some embodiments of the present application, the cam slider element includes a sliding cam portion and a moving portion, the sliding cam portion has a cam groove, the end of the magnetic regulating element is arranged in the cam groove, and the moving portion can move radially along the guide rail portion and drive the magnetic regulating element to slide in the cam groove.

[0013] According to the rotor of some embodiments of the present application, the cam groove is arranged to be inclined relative to the radial direction of the rotor core.

[0014] According to the rotor of some embodiments of the present application, the guide rail portion is a sliding guide rail or a rolling guide rail.

[0015] According to the rotor of some embodiments of the present application, the base is a magnetic isolation plate, and an air-avoiding groove is provided on the magnetic isolation plate. The end of the magnetic adjustment element passes through the air-avoiding groove and is slidably disposed in the cam groove.

[0016] According to the rotor of some embodiments of the present application, the slider assembly is arranged at both axial ends of the rotor core.

[0017] According to the rotor of some embodiments of the present application, the magnetic regulating element includes an iron core portion and a cam follower portion located at both ends of the iron core portion, wherein the iron core portion is arranged inside the rotor core, and the cam follower portion is arranged outside the rotor core.

[0018] According to the rotor of some embodiments of the present application, the magnetic tuning element is made of permanent magnetic material or soft magnetic material.

[0019] According to the rotor of some embodiments of the present application, a slide groove extending in the axial direction is provided on the rotor core, and the magnetic tuning element can be circumferentially slidably arranged in the slide groove, wherein the circumferential length of the magnetic tuning element is smaller than the circumferential length of the slide groove.

[0020] According to the rotor of some embodiments of the present application, the two radially opposite surfaces of the slide groove along the rotor core are concentric arc surfaces, and the magnetic adjustment element is a slider with inner and outer arcs concentric with the shape of the slide groove.

[0021] According to the rotor of some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of magnetic pole units are provided on the rotor core, and the magnetic tuning element is provided on the radial inner side of each magnetic pole unit.

[0022] According to the rotor of some embodiments of the present application, a magnetic isolation bridge is provided between the magnetic tuning element and the magnetic pole unit.

[0023] The present application also proposes a permanent magnet motor.

[0024] A permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present application includes: at least one rotor as described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0025] According to the permanent magnet motor of the embodiment of the present application, by arranging the above-mentioned rotor in the permanent magnet motor, when the permanent magnet motor operates in the low-speed and high-torque zone, the main magnetic field of the rotor has less leakage flux through the magnetic tuning element, which greatly improves the torque performance of the permanent magnet motor in the low-speed zone; when the permanent magnet motor operates in the high-speed zone, the main magnetic field of the rotor has more leakage flux through the magnetic tuning element, which realizes additional weak magnetic speed expansion capability, reduces the dependence of traditional permanent magnet motors on weak magnetic field of direct-axis armature current, and improves the power of the permanent magnet motor in the high-speed zone, thereby effectively broadening the constant power operation area and high-efficiency area of ​​the permanent magnet motor while ensuring high torque density and power density.

[0026] According to some embodiments of the permanent magnet motor of the present application, the permanent magnet motor further includes at least one stator, wherein the stator and the rotor are alternately arranged along a radial direction of the permanent magnet motor.

[0027] The present application also proposes a powertrain.

[0028] According to the powertrain of an embodiment of the present application, the powertrain includes the permanent magnet motor described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0029] According to the powertrain of the embodiment of the present application, by setting the above-mentioned permanent magnet motor in the powertrain, due to the magnetic adjustment element and slider assembly of the rotor in the permanent magnet motor, the permanent magnet motor has a wider constant power operation area and high-efficiency area, thereby optimizing the overall performance of the powertrain.

[0030] The present application also proposes a vehicle.

[0031] According to the vehicle of an embodiment of the present application, the vehicle includes the permanent magnet motor described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0032] According to the vehicle of the embodiment of the present application, by arranging the above-mentioned permanent magnet motor in the vehicle, due to the magnetic adjustment element and slider assembly of the rotor in the permanent magnet motor, the permanent magnet motor has a wider constant power operating area and high-efficiency area, thereby achieving a high degree of matching between the high-efficiency area of ​​the permanent magnet motor and the vehicle operating point, thereby reducing vehicle power consumption and improving economy.

[0033] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become obvious from the description below, or will be learned through practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0035] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a rotor provided according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0036] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a slider assembly according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0037] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cam slider element according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0038] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a base provided according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0039] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic tuning element provided according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0040] FIG6 is a perspective view of a rotor in an axial direction according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a rotor magnetic pole according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0042] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a sliding state of a slider assembly at low speed according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0043] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a sliding state of a magnetic tuning element at low speed according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0044] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a sliding state of a slider assembly at high speed according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0045] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a sliding state of a magnetic tuning element at high speed according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0046] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of an angle θ of a magnetic tuning element according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0047] FIG13 is a diagram showing the magnetic field line distribution of a magnetic tuning element at θ=0° according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0048] FIG14 is a diagram showing the magnetic field line distribution of a magnetic tuning element at θ=12° according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0049] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of rotor flux linkage when magnetic tuning elements are located at different positions according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0050] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of permanent magnet flux linkage of a single-phase winding when the magnetic tuning element is located at different positions according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0051] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a permanent magnet motor provided according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0052] Reference numerals

[0053] Permanent magnet motor 1; rotor 10; rotor core 110; slide 111; N-pole magnet 112; S-pole magnet 113; magnetic adjustment element 120; core portion 120a; cam follower portion 120b; N-pole magnetic adjustment element 121; S-pole magnetic adjustment element 122; magnetic isolation bridge 123; slider assembly 130; cam slider element 131; sliding cam portion 131a; moving portion 131b; cam slide 131c; elastic element 132; first elastic element fixing portion 132a; second elastic element fixing portion 132b; base 140; guide rail portion 141; air-avoiding slide 142; rotating shaft 150; stator 20; stator core 210; stator winding 220; housing 30; end cover 40; magnetic adjustment element angle θ. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present application, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0055] The disclosure below provides many different embodiments or examples for realizing different structures of the present application. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present application, the components and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present application. In addition, the present application may repeat reference numbers and / or letters in different examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed. In addition, the present application provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate the applicability of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0056] The variable flux permanent magnet motor is based on the traditional permanent magnet motor and introduces additional magnetic adjustment freedom in an adaptive manner, making the air gap magnetic field of the permanent magnet motor adjustable. It combines the advantages of traditional permanent magnet motor and electromagnetic excitation motor.

[0057] There are three main types of variable flux permanent magnet motors: hybrid excitation motors, memory motors, and mechanically regulated motors. All of these introduce additional degrees of freedom for regulating magnetic flux beyond armature field weakening, resulting in compound magnetic flux regulation. Hybrid excitation motors require additional leakage flux windings and excitation converters, resulting in excitation losses and low power density. Memory motors achieve online magnetic flux regulation by changing the magnetization level of the magnetic steel in real time through instantaneous pulse currents. However, their control is complex, magnetization accuracy is difficult to guarantee, and instantaneous pulsating currents increase inverter capacity, resulting in low power density. Mechanically regulated motors use mechanical components or mechanical energy to effectively regulate the main and leakage flux linkages, thereby achieving a new magnetic field regulation method that couples mechanical, electrical, and magnetic elements. This minimizes magnetic circuit constraints, makes magnetic flux regulation easy to implement, and reduces losses.

[0058] At present, centrifugal mechanical magnetic adjustment motors adjust the magnetism of permanent magnets by utilizing the changes in centrifugal force at different speeds. However, they are unable to increase or decrease the electromotive force generated by the permanent magnets in a linked manner according to changes in load. The adjustable magnetic flux range is small and the magnetic adjustment capability is limited.

[0059] Based on this, an embodiment of the present application provides a new rotor and a permanent magnet motor having the rotor. The permanent magnet motor having the rotor can be used in a vehicle to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0060] The specific structure of the rotor and the permanent magnet motor having the rotor are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and taking different embodiments as examples.

[0061] As shown in Figure 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a rotor 10, which can be applied to a permanent magnet motor 1. Specifically, the rotor 10 may include at least: a rotor core 110, a magnetic tuning element 120 and a slider assembly 130. The magnetic tuning element 120 can be circumferentially slidably arranged in the rotor core 110, and the slider assembly 130 is arranged at at least one axial end of the rotor core 110, wherein the slider assembly 130 can move radially and drive the magnetic tuning element 120 to slide circumferentially in the rotor core 110.

[0062] From the motor's axial perspective, the slider assembly 130 could also be positioned in the middle of the rotor core 110. However, this would affect the direction of the motor's main magnetic circuit, significantly impacting motor performance. Therefore, positioning the slider assembly 130 at the axial end of the rotor core 110 eliminates the need for magnetic circuit space within the rotor core 110, reduces interference with the main magnetic circuit of the intermediate rotor core 110, and increases design freedom for the slider assembly 130.

[0063] In the rotor 10, on the basis of the traditional permanent magnet motor, through the arrangement of the magnetic adjustment element 120 and the slider assembly 130, the slider assembly 130 can adjust the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field of the rotor 10 when it moves radially, without the need for additional auxiliary power devices such as additional hydraulic devices or electric devices. An additional magnetic adjustment degree of freedom is introduced in an adaptive manner, so that the air gap magnetic field of the motor can be adjusted, and it has the advantages of both the constant torque zone and the constant power zone. While ensuring high torque density and power density, it effectively broadens the constant power operation area and high efficiency area of ​​the motor.

[0064] When the motor operates in the low-speed and high-torque area, due to the low rotational speed of the rotor 10, the slider assembly 130 is located near the radial center of the rotor 10, and the rotor magnetic field has less leakage flux through the magnetic tuning element 120, which greatly improves the torque performance of the motor in the low-speed area; when the motor operates in the high-speed area, the centrifugal force brought by the high rotational speed is used to make the slider assembly 130 located at the radial outer side of the rotor 10, and the rotor magnetic field has more leakage flux through the magnetic tuning element 120, which can achieve additional weak magnetic speed expansion capability, reduce dependence on weak magnetic field of the direct-axis armature current, and improve the power of the motor in the high-speed area, effectively avoiding the risk of magnetic field distortion, increased loss and irreversible demagnetization of the magnetic steel caused by traditional permanent magnet motors relying on software weak magnetic field to increase the power in the high-speed area.

[0065] In the embodiment of the present application, the rotor 10 further includes a base 140, which is disposed at at least one axial end of the rotor core 110. The slider assembly 130 is movably mounted on the base 140. Optionally, the base 140 is made of a non-magnetic material, such as an aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The addition of the base 140 to the rotor 10 not only facilitates the secure installation of the slider assembly 130 but also defines the position and direction of movement of the slider assembly 130, allowing the slider assembly 130 to radially move along a predetermined position as the rotational speed changes.

[0066] As shown in FIG2 , in the embodiment of the present application, the slider assembly 130 includes a cam slider element 131 and an elastic element 132. The ends of the elastic element 132 are fixedly connected to the cam slider element 131 and the base 140, respectively. The base 140 is provided with a guide rail portion 141, and the cam slider element 131 is movably disposed on the guide rail portion 141. The ends of the elastic element 132 are fixed to the cam slider element 131 and the base 140. By utilizing the centrifugal force generated by high rotational speed and the elastic restoring force of the elastic element 132, the cam slider element 131 can move radially along the guide rail portion 141 on the base 140 as the rotational speed changes, without the need for additional auxiliary power devices such as hydraulic devices or electric devices. This in turn drives the magnetic tuning element 120 to slide circumferentially within the rotor core 110, thereby adjusting the magnetic flux leakage of the main magnetic field of the rotor 10 through the magnetic tuning element 120, thereby achieving adaptive magnetic tuning. Specifically, one end of the elastic element 132 is fixedly connected to the first elastic element fixing portion 132a on the cam slider element 131, and the other end of the elastic element 132 is fixedly connected to the second elastic element fixing portion 132b on the base 140. The elastic element 132 can be a spring or other form, and the elastic form is not limited to tension or compression.

[0067] As shown in FIG3( a ), in the embodiment of the present application, the cam slider element 131 includes a sliding cam portion 131a and a moving portion 131b. The sliding cam portion 131a has a cam groove 131c. The end of the magnetic adjustment element 120 is disposed in the cam groove 131c. The moving portion 131b can move radially along the guide rail portion 141 and drive the magnetic adjustment element 120 to slide in the cam groove 131c. The cam slider element 131 is provided with a sliding cam portion 131a that drives the magnetic adjustment element 120 to slide and a moving portion 131b that moves radially along the guide rail portion 141 on the base 140. When the cam slider element 131 moves radially under the action of centrifugal force, the axial end of the magnetic adjustment element 120 slides along the contour of the cam groove 131c, causing the magnetic adjustment element 120 to be positioned at different positions. This converts the radial movement of the moving portion 131b into circumferential sliding of the magnetic adjustment element 120, thereby adjusting the magnetic flux linkage of the rotor's main magnetic field.

[0068] In the embodiment of the present application, the cam slot 131c is tilted relative to the radial direction of the rotor core 110. By tilting the cam slot 131c, the cam slider element 131 can convert the radial movement of the moving portion 131b into the circumferential sliding of the magnetic tuning element 120.

[0069] In the embodiment of the present application, the guide rail portion 141 is a sliding guide rail or a rolling guide rail. The guide rail portion 141 and the cam slider element 131 can slide or roll with each other. Correspondingly, the guide rail portion 141 can be designed in the form of a slide rail or a ball bearing. The rolling guide rail can reduce the frictional resistance of the cam slider element 131 during movement, thereby solving the problem of high resistance during movement of the cam slider element 131.

[0070] In the embodiment of the present application, the specific configuration of the base 140 may include but is not limited to the following two possible implementations:

[0071] The first possible implementation is as shown in FIG3( b ). The base 140 is constructed as a magnetic isolation plate, which is provided with an air-avoiding slot 142. The end of the magnetic adjustment element 120 passes through the air-avoiding slot 142 and is slidably disposed in the cam slot 131 c. The magnetic isolation plate is used as the base 140. The magnetic isolation plate is integrated as a whole, facilitating its fixed installation with the rotor core 110 and the plurality of slider assemblies 130. At the same time, to prevent interference between the magnetic isolation plate and the magnetic adjustment element 120 during sliding, an air-avoiding slot 142 is provided on the magnetic isolation plate, allowing the end of the magnetic adjustment element 120 to pass through the air-avoiding slot 142 and be disposed in the cam slot 131 c.

[0072] A second possible implementation involves integrating the base 140, the cam slider element 131, the elastic element 132, and the guide rail 141 into a sliding module. The sliding module is then mounted on the rotor core 110. This modular assembly improves component precision, simplifies assembly processes, increases efficiency, and facilitates industrial application. The guide rail 141 and base 140 can be integrally formed or separately formed.

[0073] In the embodiment of the present application, the magnetic isolation plate serves as a dynamic balancing plate, and the magnetic isolation plate can achieve dynamic balancing of the rotor 10 by adding weight or reducing weight. The dynamic balancing of the rotor 10 can be achieved by adding or removing material from the magnetic isolation plate.

[0074] In the embodiment of the present application, the slider assemblies 130 are disposed at both axial ends of the rotor core 110. The slider assembly 130 may also be disposed at only one axial end of the rotor core 110. Considering the symmetry of the magnetic field and the balance of the rotor 10, corresponding slider assemblies 130 may be disposed at both axial ends of the rotor core 110.

[0075] As shown in FIG3( c ), in the embodiment of the present application, the magnetic tuning element 120 includes an iron core portion 120 a and cam follower portions 120 b located at both ends of the iron core portion 120 a. The iron core portion 120 a is disposed inside the rotor core 110, and the cam follower portions 120 b are disposed outside the rotor core 110. The cam follower portions 120 b may be cylindrical in shape to facilitate sliding within the slider assembly 130.

[0076] Specifically, the magnetic tuning element 120 passes through the rotor core 110 axially and is a certain distance higher than the two end faces of the rotor core 110. The cam follower parts 120b located at both ends of the core part 120a slide along the slider assembly 130, so that the magnetic tuning element 120 is located at different positions in the rotor core 110 as the speed changes, thereby adjusting the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field of the rotor 10.

[0077] In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the magnetic tuning element 120 is a magnetic conductive material, and any permanent magnetic material or soft magnetic material can be used.

[0078] In this embodiment of the present application, the rotor core 110 is provided with an axially extending slot 111. A magnetic tuning element 120 is circumferentially slidably disposed within the slot 111. The circumferential length of the magnetic tuning element is smaller than that of the slot. The magnetic tuning element 120 slides circumferentially along the slot 111 to adjust magnetic flux leakage from the rotor 10's main magnetic field through the magnetic tuning element 120.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present application, the two radially opposing surfaces of the chute 111 along the rotor core 110 are concentric arc surfaces, and the magnetic tuning element 120 is a slider with concentric inner and outer arcs that match the shape of the chute. The inner and outer arcs of the chute 111 are concentric with the center of the rotor core 110, and the middle section of the magnetic tuning element 120 forms a slider with corresponding concentric inner and outer arcs. This allows the magnetic tuning element 120 to slide within the chute 111 around the center of the rotor core 110, thereby adjusting the magnetic flux leakage from the rotor 10's main magnetic field through the magnetic tuning element 120.

[0080] In this embodiment of the present application, the rotor core 110 is provided with a plurality of magnetic pole units, each of which is provided with a magnetic tuning element 120 on the radially inner side. Each magnetic tuning element 120 can adjust the magnetic field of each north pole or south pole of the rotor 10. The magnetic tuning elements 120 are typically located in areas of high magnetic flux density on the rotor, thereby expanding the range of magnetic flux linkage adjustable by the magnetic tuning elements 120 and enhancing the magnetic tuning capability.

[0081] Specifically, the magnetic pole unit includes an N-pole magnet 112 and an S-pole magnet 113. The N-pole magnet 112 and the S-pole magnet 113 can be made of permanent magnet materials such as ferrite, neodymium iron boron, or samarium cobalt. The N-pole magnet 112 and the S-pole magnet 113 can be composed of a single magnet or a plurality of magnets arranged in a topological structure to form a single-layer, double-layer, or multi-layer (greater than two layers) magnet group. The topological structure can include various shapes such as a V-shaped structure, a triangular structure, a U-shaped structure, a W-shaped structure, a V+U-shaped structure, or a V+W-shaped structure.

[0082] Specifically, the rotor core 110 is provided with a plurality of rotor magnetic steel slots axially for accommodating N-pole magnetic steel 112 and S-pole magnetic steel 113. The rotor magnetic steel slots can be square or arc-shaped. N-pole magnetic steel 112 is provided with an N-pole magnetic steel element 121, and S-pole magnetic steel 113 is provided with an S-pole magnetic steel element 122. The number of slider assemblies 130 corresponds to the number of N-pole magnetic steel elements 121 and S-pole magnetic steel elements 122.

[0083] As shown in Figures 4(a)-4(b), the N-pole magnetic steel 112 and the S-pole magnetic steel 113 of the rotor core 110 both adopt a double-layer V-shaped topology. When the magnetic tuning element 120 slides to the leftmost side of the chute 111 along with the slider assembly 130, the magnetic flux leakage from the N-pole magnetic steel 112 through the N-pole magnetic tuning element 121 is minimized, while the magnetic flux leakage from the S-pole magnetic steel 113 through the S-pole magnetic tuning element 122 is minimized, resulting in the maximum main magnetic flux linkage of the rotor 10. When the magnetic tuning element 120 slides to the rightmost side of the chute 111 along with the slider assembly 130, the N-pole magnetic tuning element 121 and the S-pole magnetic tuning element 122 are symmetrical about the d-axis of the N-pole magnetic steel 112 and the S-pole magnetic steel 113, respectively. At this point, the magnetic flux leakage from the N-pole magnetic steel 112 through the N-pole magnetic tuning element 121 is maximized, while the magnetic flux leakage from the S-pole magnetic steel 113 through the S-pole magnetic tuning element 122 is maximized, resulting in the minimum main magnetic flux linkage of the rotor 10. Therefore, by placing the magnetic tuning element 120 at different positions in the chute 111 as the rotational speed changes, the flux linkage of the main magnetic field of the N pole or S pole in the rotor 10 can be adjusted.

[0084] In the embodiment of the present application, a magnetic isolation bridge 123 is provided between the magnetic tuning element 120 and the magnetic pole unit. The magnetic isolation bridge 123 is provided between the magnetic tuning element 120 and the magnetic pole unit to limit the magnetic leakage of the magnetic pole unit by saturating the leakage flux at the location of the magnetic isolation bridge 123, thereby improving the magnetic isolation effect of the rotor core 110.

[0085] Specifically, the rotor core 110 is formed of rotor laminations stacked axially. The rotor core 110 has relatively strong radial magnetic conductivity and relatively weak axial magnetic conductivity. Optionally, the rotor laminations are made of a soft magnetic material, such as silicon steel sheets, amorphous / nanocrystalline alloys, iron-cobalt materials, stainless steel, or other magnetically conductive materials.

[0086] More specifically, auxiliary slots, uneven air gaps, skew poles, etc. can be provided on the rotor punchings to suppress the magnetic field harmonics and torque pulsation of the rotor 10 and optimize the NVH performance of the motor.

[0087] The working modes of the rotor 10 in the embodiment of the present application include: a low-speed state and a high-speed state.

[0088] As shown in Figures 5(a)-5(b), the rotor 10 operates in a low-speed state. Generally, when designing a motor, it is desirable to increase the peak torque in the low-speed constant torque zone as much as possible, that is, to increase the magnetic flux of the rotor. When the motor operates in the low-speed zone, the centrifugal force on the cam slider element 131 is relatively small. Under the elastic force of the elastic element 132, the cam slider element 131 moves toward the center of the rotor 10. The outer arc of the cam slot 131c pushes the magnetic adjustment element 120 to the far left, as shown in Figure 5(b). At this time, the magnetic flux leakage between the N-pole magnet 112 and the S-pole magnet 113 through the magnetic adjustment element 120 is relatively small, the magnetic flux of the rotor main magnetic circuit is maintained at a high level, and the peak torque can be designed to be relatively large.

[0089] As shown in Figures 6(a)-6(b), the rotor 10 operates in a high-speed state. Usually, when designing a motor, it is hoped to increase the power in the high-speed zone as much as possible. Usually, the power in the high-speed zone is increased by software magnetic weakening, which will bring the risk of magnetic field distortion and demagnetization. When the motor operates in the high-speed zone, the centrifugal force on the cam slider element 131 is relatively large. Under the action of centrifugal force, the cam slider element 131 moves radially outward from the rotor 10, and the inner arc of the cam slot 131c pushes the magnetic adjustment element 120 to the far right, as shown in Figure 6(b). At this time, there is a lot of leakage magnetic flux through the magnetic adjustment element 120 in the N-pole magnetic steel 112 and the S-pole magnetic steel 113, and the magnetic flux of the rotor main magnetic circuit is maintained at a low level, which can increase the power in the high-speed zone and effectively avoid the risk of magnetic field distortion, increased loss and irreversible demagnetization of the magnetic steel.

[0090] To facilitate the description of the magnetic tuning state of the rotor 10 at different positions, the magnetic tuning element angle θ is described. Referring to FIG7 , the angle at which the left side of the magnetic tuning element 120 deviates from the leftmost side of the chute 111 is defined as the magnetic tuning element angle θ.

[0091] 8(a), 8(b), 9, and 10. FIG8(a) and FIG8(b) are diagrams illustrating the magnetic flux distribution when the magnetic tuning element 120 is positioned at θ = 0° and θ = 12°, respectively. FIG9 and FIG10 are diagrams illustrating the rotor flux and the permanent magnet flux of the single-phase winding when the magnetic tuning element 120 is positioned at different angles. As previously analyzed, when θ = 12°, the magnetic flux leakage through the magnetic tuning element 120 is minimized, the magnetic flux lines passing through the magnetic tuning element 120 are minimized, the rotor flux is maximized at 0.1425Wb, and the permanent magnet flux of the single-phase winding is maximized at 0.112Wb. When θ = 0°, the magnetic flux leakage through the magnetic tuning element 120 is maximized, the magnetic flux lines passing through the magnetic tuning element 120 are maximized, the rotor flux is maximized at 0.1138Wb, and the permanent magnet flux of the single-phase winding is maximized at 0.134Wb.

[0092] On the basis of the above embodiment, the embodiment of the present application further provides a permanent magnet motor 1 , as shown in FIG11 . The permanent magnet motor 1 includes at least one rotor 10 as described above.

[0093] In the embodiment of the present application, the permanent magnet motor 1 further includes at least one stator 20 , wherein the rotor 10 and the stator 20 are alternately arranged along the radial direction of the permanent magnet motor 1 .

[0094] Specifically, the permanent magnet motor 1 further includes a housing 30 and an end cover 40 , which form a space for accommodating the rotor 10 and the stator 20 . The stator 20 includes a stator core 210 and a stator winding 220 . Furthermore, the rotor 10 further includes a rotating shaft 150 .

[0095] The permanent magnet motor 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application may include a rotor 10. In the rotor 10, additional magnetic adjustment degrees of freedom are introduced in an adaptive manner through the arrangement of a magnetic adjustment element 120 and a slider assembly 130, thereby achieving effective adjustment of the air gap magnetic field of the permanent magnet motor 1 and controlling the no-load back electromotive force and voltage of the permanent magnet motor 1 in real time.

[0096] By arranging the above-mentioned rotor 10 in the permanent magnet motor 1, when the permanent magnet motor 1 operates in the low-speed zone, the no-load back electromotive force (that is, the permanent magnet flux linkage) is increased by magnetic modulation, thereby increasing the torque performance and power in the low-speed zone; when the permanent magnet motor operates in the high-speed zone, the main magnetic field of the rotor 10 has a large leakage flux through the magnetic modulation element, and the no-load back electromotive force can be reduced in real time by magnetic modulation, which can not only reduce the rotor core loss, widen the constant power area, and increase the peak torque / power in the high-speed zone, but also avoid overvoltage of the inverter and damage to the power device, thereby adding a layer of protection for the electric drive system.

[0097] In addition, it can be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the permanent magnet motor 1 can be a dual-rotor single-stator permanent magnet motor, that is, the two rotors 10 can be respectively located radially inside and radially outside of a stator 20. The permanent magnet motor 1 can also be a dual-stator single-rotor permanent magnet motor, that is, the two stators 20 can be respectively located radially inside and radially outside of a rotor 10.

[0098] An embodiment of the present application further provides a power assembly, which may at least include the above-mentioned permanent magnet motor 1.

[0099] By arranging the above-mentioned permanent magnet motor 1 in the powertrain, due to the magnetic tuning element 120 and the slider assembly 130 of the rotor 10 in the permanent magnet motor 1, the permanent magnet motor 1 has a wider constant power operation area and high-efficiency area, thereby optimizing the overall performance of the powertrain.

[0100] In addition, an embodiment of the present application also provides a vehicle, which may at least include the above-mentioned permanent magnet motor 1.

[0101] It is understood that the permanent magnet motor 1 is used to provide power for the vehicle. The permanent magnet motor 1 in the present application has a relatively wide constant power operation area and high efficiency area, thereby achieving a high degree of matching between the high efficiency area of ​​the permanent magnet motor 1 and the vehicle operating point, thereby reducing vehicle power consumption and improving economy. The vehicle may include a pure electric or hybrid vehicle, etc. In other embodiments, the vehicle may include an electric vehicle or a special operation vehicle. The electric vehicle may include a two-wheeled, three-wheeled or four-wheeled electric vehicle. The special operation vehicle may include various vehicles with specific functions, such as an engineering rescue vehicle, a water sprinkler, a sewage suction truck, a cement mixer, a crane or a medical vehicle.

[0102] For vehicles that include batteries, since the magnetic adjustment element 120 is beneficial to increasing the inductance of the permanent magnet motor, in addition to adjusting the permanent magnet flux, the permanent magnet motor 1 can also adjust the inductance of the stator winding 220. The permanent magnet motor can reuse the stator winding inductance to achieve functions such as self-heating or charging of the battery, reduce current harmonics, and thus reduce the heating of the magnetic steel and the risk of irreversible demagnetization of the magnetic steel.

[0103] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0104] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0105] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0106] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0107] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0108] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and intent of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rotor, wherein: The rotor (10) comprises a rotor core (110), a magnetic tuning element (120) and a slider assembly (130), wherein the magnetic tuning element (120) is circumferentially slidably arranged in the rotor core (110), and the slider assembly (130) is arranged at least at one axial end of the rotor core (110), wherein the slider assembly (130) is movable in the radial direction and drives the magnetic tuning element (120) to slide circumferentially in the rotor core (110).

2. The rotor according to claim 1, wherein The rotor (10) further comprises a base (140), wherein the base (140) is arranged at at least one axial end of the rotor core (110), and the slider assembly (130) is movably arranged on the base (140).

3. The rotor according to claim 2, wherein: The slider assembly (130) includes a cam slider element (131) and an elastic element (132). Two ends of the elastic element (132) are fixedly connected to the cam slider element (131) and the machine base (140), respectively. A guide rail portion (141) is provided on the machine base (140), and the cam slider element (131) is movably arranged on the guide rail portion (141).

4. The rotor according to claim 3, wherein: The cam slider element (131) includes a sliding cam portion (131a) and a moving portion (131b). The sliding cam portion (131a) has a cam slot (131c). The end of the magnetic adjustment element (120) is arranged in the cam slot (131c). The moving portion (131b) can move radially along the guide rail portion (141) and drive the magnetic adjustment element (120) to slide in the cam slot (131c).

5. The rotor according to claim 4, wherein: The cam sliding groove (131c) is arranged obliquely relative to the radial direction of the rotor core (110).

6. The rotor according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein: The guide rail portion (141) is a sliding guide rail or a rolling guide rail.

7. The rotor according to any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein: The machine base (140) is a magnetic isolation plate, and a clearance slide groove (142) is provided on the magnetic isolation plate. The end of the magnetic adjustment element (120) passes through the clearance slide groove (142) and is slidably arranged in the cam slide groove (131c).

8. The rotor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The slider assembly (130) is arranged at both axial ends of the rotor core (110).

9. The rotor according to claim 8, wherein: The magnetic tuning element (120) comprises an iron core portion (120a) and cam follower portions (120b) located at both ends of the iron core portion (120a), wherein the iron core portion (120a) is arranged inside the rotor iron core (110), and the cam follower portions (120b) are arranged outside the rotor iron core (110).

10. The rotor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The magnetic adjustment element (120) is made of permanent magnetic material or soft magnetic material.

11. The rotor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The rotor core (110) is provided with a sliding groove extending in the axial direction, and the magnetic adjustment element (120) can be circumferentially slidably arranged in the sliding groove, wherein the circumferential length of the magnetic adjustment element (120) is smaller than the circumferential length of the sliding groove.

12. The rotor according to claim 11, wherein: Two radially opposite surfaces of the slide groove along the rotor core (110) are concentric arc surfaces, and the magnetic adjustment element (120) is a slider with inner and outer arcs concentric with the shape of the slide groove.

13. The rotor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: A plurality of magnetic pole units are provided on the rotor core (110), and the magnetic tuning element (120) is provided on the radial inner side of each magnetic pole unit.

14. The rotor according to claim 13, wherein: A magnetic isolation bridge (123) is provided between the magnetic adjustment element (120) and the magnetic pole unit.

15. A permanent magnet motor, wherein: The invention comprises at least one rotor (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 15, wherein: It also includes at least one stator (20), wherein the stator (20) and the rotor (10) are alternately arranged along the radial direction of the permanent magnet motor (1).

17. A vehicle, wherein The vehicle comprises a permanent magnet motor (1) as claimed in claim 15 or 16 above.

18. The vehicle of claim 17, wherein: The invention comprises a power assembly, wherein the power assembly comprises the permanent magnet motor (1).

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