Terminal and wireless communication method

Abstract

This terminal transmits a re-registration request to a network and receives, from the network, a response including a header indicating a standby time until retry. If the standby time is shorter than the set time of a re-transmission time monitoring timer and will have exceeded the term of validity of an initial registration when the standby time has expired, then the terminal executes the initial registration together with a protocol setting option.

Description

Terminal and wireless communication method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal and a wireless communication method for performing voice communication using SIP.

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP: registered trademark) has developed specifications for Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 5th generation mobile communication systems (5G, also known as New Radio (NR) or Next Generation (NG)), and is also developing specifications for the next generation, known as Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0003] When a terminal (User Equipment, UE) and a network communicate via such an IP (Internet Protocol)-based mobile communication network, the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), which is also used in HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol), is used (Non-Patent Document 1).

[0004] SIP specifies codes (e.g., 403 Forbidden) that are sent and received between the UE and the network when powering on / off, starting voice communication, sending short message service (SMS), etc. If there is a problem on the network side at this time, the network will send an error code called 503 Service unavailable to the UE. When sending the 503 code, the network can add a header called retryafterheader to instruct the UE how many seconds to wait after receiving the 503 code before retrying.

[0005] The UE also registers user information with the network when it is powered on or when airplane mode is turned off (this is called initial registration). The UE receives a response from the network with an expiration date header (expires). For example, if an expires header containing 3,600 seconds is added, the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) on the network side will retain the user information for one hour.

[0006] If the expiration date specified by the expires header is 1,200 seconds or more, the UE performs periodic location registration (called reregistration) starting 10 minutes before the expiration date.

[0007] 3GPP TS 24.229 V17.13.0, 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; IP multimedia call control protocol based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session Description Protocol (SDP); Stage 3 (Release 17), 3GPP, December 2023

[0008] As described above, when the UE receives a 503 Service unavailable message with a retry-after-header added in the initial registration, it is specified that the UE retry after the time specified by the retry-after-header has elapsed.

[0009] On the other hand, if a 503 Service unavailable message with a retryafterheader is received during reregistration, the UE is unclear about the relationship between the time specified in the expires header after the 503 Service unavailable message and the timing of reregistration based on that time, and is therefore able to retry after the time specified in the retryafterheader has passed. This can cause network congestion or confusion, resulting in a significant increase in the burden on the network, as the reregistration may be retried after the expiration date indicated in the expires header has passed.

[0010] Therefore, the following disclosure has been made in consideration of this situation, and aims to provide a terminal and a wireless communication method that can perform appropriate reregistration operations that avoid increasing the burden on the network in voice communication services using SIP.

[0011] One aspect of the present disclosure is a terminal (UE200) that includes a transmitting unit (SIP processing unit 230) that transmits a re-registration request to a network, a receiving unit (SIP processing unit 230) that receives a response from the network that includes a header indicating the waiting time until a retry, and a control unit (control unit 240) that executes the initial registration together with a protocol setting option if the waiting time is shorter than the setting time of a retransmission time monitoring timer and the expiration of the waiting time has exceeded the expiration date of the initial registration.

[0012] One aspect of the present disclosure is a terminal (UE200) that includes a transmitting unit (SIP processing unit 230) that transmits a re-registration request to a network, a receiving unit (SIP processing unit 230) that receives a response from the network including a header indicating a waiting time until a retry, and a control unit (control unit 240) that performs re-registration to the network if the waiting time is shorter than the setting time of a retransmission time monitoring timer, the expiration time of the initial registration has not been exceeded when the waiting time expires, and a protocol setting option is applied.

[0013] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of a wireless communication system 10. FIG. 2 is a functional block configuration diagram of a UE 200. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a message sequence according to SIP. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an initial registration and reregistration sequence according to SIP. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a UE operation flow after reregistration is executed. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of an IMS device 50, a gNB 100, and a UE 200. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001.

[0014] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the same or similar reference numerals are used to designate the same functions or configurations, and descriptions thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

[0015] (1) Overall Schematic Configuration of Wireless Communication System Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the overall schematic configuration of a wireless communication system 10 according to this embodiment. The wireless communication system 10 is a wireless communication system conforming to 4G / Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5G New Radio (NR), and includes a Radio Access Network 20 (hereinafter, RAN 20) and a terminal 200 (User Equipment 200, hereinafter, UE 200). Note that the wireless communication system 10 may also be a wireless communication system conforming to a scheme called Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0016] The RAN 20 includes a radio base station 100 (hereinafter, gNB 100). Note that the specific configuration of the radio communication system 10, including the number of gNBs and UEs, is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 1 .

[0017] The RAN 20 actually includes a plurality of RAN nodes, specifically, gNBs (or ng-eNBs), and is connected to a core network 30 conforming to 4G / 5G. The RAN 20 and the core network may be simply referred to as a "network."

[0018] The gNB100 is a radio base station conforming to 4G / 5G standards, and performs 4G / 5G radio communications with the UE 200. The gNB100 and UE 200 are capable of supporting Massive MIMO, which generates highly directional beams by controlling radio signals transmitted from multiple antenna elements, Carrier Aggregation (CA), which aggregates and uses multiple component carriers (CCs), and Dual Connectivity (DC), which enables simultaneous communication between the UE and multiple NG-RAN nodes.

[0019] The wireless communication system 10 may support IP (Internet Protocol)-based voice communication. For example, when providing IP-based voice services over 4G / LTE, VoLTE (Voice over LTE) may be used, which utilizes the 3GPP standard IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem). IMS is a communication method that integrates circuit-switched services with Internet technologies such as Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to realize multimedia services.

[0020] The wireless communication system 10 may include an IMS device 50 that provides such IMS functionality. The IMS device 50 may constitute some or all of the IMS functionality, such as a Call / Session Control Function (CSCF) and an Application Server (AS).

[0021] (2) Functional Block Configuration of Wireless Communication System Next, the functional block configuration of the wireless communication system 10 will be described. Specifically, the functional block configuration of the UE 200 will be described. FIG. 2 is a functional block configuration diagram of the UE 200. Note that FIG. 2 shows only the main functional blocks relevant to the description of the embodiment, and that the UE 200 has other functional blocks (e.g., a power supply unit, etc.). Also, FIG. 2 shows the functional block configuration of the UE 200; for the hardware configuration, please refer to FIG. 6.

[0022] As shown in FIG. 2, the UE 200 includes a wireless communication unit 210, a voice call unit 220, a SIP processing unit 230, and a control unit 240.

[0023] The wireless communication unit 210 transmits and receives wireless signals conforming to 4G or 5G. Specifically, the wireless communication unit 210 transmits uplink signals (UL signals) conforming to 4G or 5G and receives downlink signals (DL signals) conforming to 4G or 5G.

[0024] The voice call unit 220 performs processes related to voice calls. Specifically, the voice call unit 220 uses a voice codec to encode a voice signal into compressed voice data and decodes the voice data into a voice signal. The voice call unit 220 also performs processes such as mutual conversion between voice data and voice packets (Voice over IP).

[0025] The SIP processing unit 230 executes registration of the UE 200 in accordance with SIP, and performs outgoing and incoming calls for voice services, etc. Specifically, the SIP processing unit 230 can transmit a REGISTER message to the network to execute initial registration for registering user information in the network when the UE 200 is powered on or when airplane mode is turned off.

[0026] The SIP processing unit 230 can also receive a response from the network with an expiration time header (expires). For example, if a response with an expires header containing 3,600 seconds is received, the network (IMS device 50) will retain the user information for one hour. If there is a problem on the network side, the network can send an error code called 503 Service unavailable to the UE. When sending the 503 code, the network can add a header called retryafterheader to instruct the UE 200 how many seconds to wait after receiving the 503 code before retrying.

[0027] The SIP processing unit 230 receives a response from the network, the response including a header (retryafterheader) indicating the waiting time until a retry. In this embodiment, the SIP processing unit 230 may constitute a receiving unit.

[0028] If the expiration time indicated by the expires header is 1,200 seconds or more, the SIP processing unit 230 may perform periodic location registration starting 10 minutes before the expiration time. Such registration may be called reregistration in contrast to initial registration. Reregistration may be interpreted as a re-registration request to the network, and the SIP processing unit 230 transmits the reregistration to the network (IMS device 50). In this embodiment, the SIP processing unit 230 may constitute a transmission unit.

[0029] The control unit 240 controls each functional block constituting the UE 200. In particular, in this embodiment, the control unit 240 executes control related to initial registration and reregistration of the UE 200 to the network.

[0030] Specifically, the control unit 240 can execute control according to the waiting time indicated by the "retryafterheader" field. If the waiting time is shorter than the time set in a retransmission time monitoring timer (herein referred to as "Timer F") (which may be interpreted as the time until Timer F expires) and the expiration time of the initial registration (e.g., 3,600 seconds) has passed when the waiting time expires, the control unit 240 can execute the initial registration together with the protocol configuration option (PCO).

[0031] The retransmission time monitoring timer (Timer F) exists separately from the timer that monitors the expiration date of the initial registration indicated by the expires header, and can monitor the time until retransmission by UE 200. Specifically, Timer F may be maintained by UE 200. The timer in the expires header is a timer maintained by both UE 200 and the network. Timer F is a timer that monitors whether or not retransmission occurs due to deterioration of wireless quality on the UE 200 side, and if there is no retransmission, UE 200 forcibly gives up retransmission and disconnects the call after the timer expires.

[0032] Furthermore, if the waiting time is shorter than the time set in the retransmission time monitoring timer (Timer F), the expiration date of the initial registration has not passed when the waiting time expires, and the protocol configuration option (PCO) has been applied, the control unit 240 may execute reregistration to the network. Note that the operation flow of such initial registration or reregistration will be described later.

[0033] The contents of the protocol configuration option (PCO) are not particularly limited, but for example, the control unit 240 may apply reconfiguration of a packet data network (PDN) as the PCO. The PDN may be interpreted as an external network connected to the core network 30.

[0034] (3) Operation of the Wireless Communication System Next, a description will be given of the operation of the wireless communication system 10. Specifically, the description will be given of the operation related to initial registration and reregistration by the UE 200 to the network.

[0035] (3.1) Premise and Issues Figure 3 shows an example of a message sequence according to SIP. As mentioned above, the wireless communication system 10 uses SIP as a protocol for voice communication. SIP specifies codes (e.g., 403 Forbidden) that are sent and received between the UE and the network when powering on / off, starting voice communication, sending short message service (SMS), etc.

[0036] If there is a problem on the network side, the network sends an error code called 503 Service unavailable to the UE, as shown in Figure 3. When sending the 503 code, the network adds a header called retryafterheader to instruct the UE how many seconds to wait after receiving the 503 code before retrying. Figure 4 shows an example of an initial registration and reregistration sequence according to SIP. As shown in Figure 4, when the UE is powered on (or airplane mode is turned off), it establishes a bearer for voice communication and performs initial registration. Specifically, the UE sends a REGISTER message to the network. Then, as shown in Figure 4, messages are exchanged according to SIP.

[0037] At this time, the network can send a message (200 REGISTER) to the UE including an expires header indicating the expiration date of the UE registration. The network (IMS device 50) retains the user information of the UE for 3,600 seconds, i.e., one hour.

[0038] Also, if the expiration time indicated by the expires header is 1,200 seconds or more, the UE performs periodic location registration, specifically, reregistration, starting 10 minutes before the expiration time.

[0039] In the previous 3GPP specifications, when a network responds with 503 Service unavailable to an initial registration request, if a retry-after-header is added, the network will retry initial registration after the waiting time specified by the retry-after-header has elapsed.

[0040] On the other hand, with regard to reregistration, the behavior when a retry-after header is added to the 503 Service unavailable message is unclear, and if the behavior of the UE in the event of a communication failure on the network side is unclear, there is a concern that it may take a long time to recover from the failure. In the past, it has been confirmed that networks went down due to the transmission of a large number of initial registrations and reregistrations caused by failures in VoLTE-related equipment.

[0041] An example of an operation that can solve this problem will be described below.

[0042] (3.2) Operational Example Figure 5 shows an example of the UE operation flow after reregistration. As shown in Figure 5, the UE performs reregistration (S10) and receives a 503 Service unavailable message with a retry-after-header from the network (S20). Specifically, the UE sends a reregistration message to the network, and receives a 503 Service unavailable message due to some problem in the network.

[0043] The UE waits for the periodic location registration (reregistration) operation of VoLTE until the waiting time (here, XX seconds) specified by the retryafterheader has elapsed (S30).

[0044] Then, if the UE determines to apply the PCO during the waiting time, the UE executes the PCO (YES in S40, S50). Specifically, the UE may execute reconfiguration of a packet data network (PDN).

[0045] If the waiting time has elapsed without applying the PCO during that time, and the time specified by the expires header (expiration date) has also elapsed (NO in S40, YES in S60, YES in S70), the UE may apply the PCO (S80) and perform initial registration (S90).

[0046] As shown in Figure 5, when a UE sends a Reregistration message and receives a 503 Service unavailable message with a retry-after-header from the network, if the number of seconds specified by the retry-after-header is shorter than the time set in Timer F, a separate retransmission time monitoring timer, the UE's behavior is clarified by setting the following branch after the number of seconds has elapsed:

[0047] Note that the 3GPP standard already specifies what happens when the time (number of seconds) specified in "retryafterheader" is greater than Timer F, but this operation example clarifies the behavior when the value (time) of "retryafterheader" is smaller than Timer F.

[0048] - If the number of seconds specified by the retryafterheader attached to the 503 Service unavailable message received from the network has expired and the time specified by the expires header has passed, the UE may perform PCO and perform initial registration.

[0049] - If the number of seconds specified in the retryafterheader attached to the 503 Service unavailable message received from the network has not expired and the PCO has been applied, the UE may perform reregistration even if the number of seconds specified in the retryafterheader has not elapsed.

[0050] According to the operation example described above, UE200 may perform initial registration together with PCO if the waiting time indicated by retryafterheader is shorter than the setting time of the retransmission time monitoring timer (Timer F) and the expiration of the initial registration has passed when the waiting time expires.

[0051] In addition, if the waiting time is shorter than the set time of the retransmission time monitoring timer (Timer F), and the expiration date of the initial registration has not been exceeded when the waiting time expires and PCO has been applied, UE200 may perform reregistration to the network.

[0052] By clarifying the operation of UE 200 after reregistration is executed in this way, it is possible to prevent a concentration of retries or execution of reregistration retries after the expiration date specified in the expires header has passed, etc. This makes it possible to avoid network congestion or confusion and does not significantly increase the burden on the network.

[0053] That is, the UE 200 according to this embodiment can perform an appropriate reregistration operation that avoids an increase in the load on the network in a voice communication service using SIP.

[0054] In this embodiment, the UE 200 can apply reconfiguration of a packet data network (PDN) as a PCO. By starting with reconfiguration of the PDN at the time of reregistration or initial registration, it is possible to find an available network destination and more reliably start (restart) a voice service.

[0055] (4) Other Embodiments Although the embodiments have been described above, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the description of the embodiments, and that various modifications and improvements are possible.

[0056] For example, although the above-described embodiment is based on the assumption that SIP is used, SIP does not necessarily have to be used. For example, in the case of a protocol that allows the UE to perform initial registration and reregistration in the same way as SIP, the UE may perform operations similar to the above-described operation example.

[0057] Also, in the above description, configure, activate, update, indicate, enable, specify, and select may be interchangeable. Similarly, link, associate, correspond, and map may be interchangeable, and allocate, assign, monitor, and map may be interchangeable.

[0058] Furthermore, specific, dedicated, UE-specific, and UE-dedicated may be interchangeable. Similarly, common, shared, group-common, UE-common, and UE-shared may be interchangeable.

[0059] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "antenna port group," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "resource group," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0060] The block diagram ( FIG. 2 ) used to explain the above-described embodiment shows functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of hardware and / or software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (e.g., wired, wireless, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or multiple devices.

[0061] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how each is implemented.

[0062] Furthermore, the above-described IMS device 50, gNB 100, and UE 200 (the devices) may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the devices. As shown in Fig. 6, the devices may be configured as a computer including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0063] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the apparatus may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0064] Each functional block of the device (see FIG. 2) is realized by any hardware element of the computer device or a combination of the hardware elements.

[0065] In addition, each function of the device is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0066] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system, and may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control unit, an arithmetic unit, and registers.

[0067] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. Furthermore, the various processes described above may be executed by a single processor 1001, or may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0068] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 may store a program (program code), a software module, etc., capable of executing a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0069] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned recording medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other suitable medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0070] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module.

[0071] The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize, for example, at least one of Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD).

[0072] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0073] Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002 is connected to a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0074] Furthermore, the device may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0075] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0076] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to at least one of a system using Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, a 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), a 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), a 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), an xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (where x is, for example, an integer or a decimal), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable system, and a next-generation system extended based on these. Furthermore, a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G) may also be applied.

[0077] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0078] In the present disclosure, a specific operation described as being performed by a base station may also be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (e.g., MME or S-GW, etc., but are not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (e.g., MME and S-GW) may also be used.

[0079] Information, signals (information, etc.) may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0080] The input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, a memory) or may be managed using a management table. The input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added. The output information may be deleted. The input information may be transmitted to another device.

[0081] The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0082] The aspects / embodiments described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0083] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0084] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0085] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0086] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0087] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0088] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0089] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0090] In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0091] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells (also called sectors). When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head: RRH)).

[0092] The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage area.

[0093] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0094] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0095] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0096] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be a mobile object that moves autonomously based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0097] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a mobile station (user terminal, the same applies hereinafter). For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a mobile station is replaced with communication between multiple mobile stations (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the mobile station may be configured to have the functions of a base station. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel (or sidelink).

[0098] Similarly, a mobile station in the present disclosure may be interpreted as a base station, in which case the base station may have the functions of a mobile station.

[0099] A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0100] Numerology may be communication parameters that apply to the transmission and / or reception of a signal or channel, such as subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0101] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol, etc.) A slot may be a numerology-based time unit.

[0102] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0103] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0104] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0105] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station schedules each user terminal to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0106] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0107] In addition, when one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling, and the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0108] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be referred to as a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be referred to as a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0109] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0110] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0111] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0112] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0113] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0114] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0115] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0116] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0117] The above-described structures of the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, and other configurations may be changed in various ways.

[0118] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0119] The reference signal may also be abbreviated as Reference Signal (RS) and may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0120] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0121] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0122] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed therein or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.

[0123] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0124] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0125] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0126] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0127] 7 shows an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 7, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013.

[0128] The drive unit 2002 is composed of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user. The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2027 provided in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0129] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2028 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0130] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 1.

[0131] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0132] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0133] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 1 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from a driving unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, a microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 2028, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0134] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0135] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021 to 2028 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021 to 2028, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0136] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013). The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2028, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0137] 10 Wireless communication system 20 RAN 30 Core network 50 IMS device 100 gNB 200 UE 210 Wireless communication unit 220 Voice call unit 230 SIP processing unit 240 Control unit 1001 Processor 1002 Memory 1003 Storage 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 1007 Bus 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Left and right front wheels 2008 Left and right rear wheels 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic control unit 2012 Information service unit 2013 Communication module 2021 Current sensor 2022 Rotation speed sensor 2023 Air pressure sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object detection sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving assistance system section 2031 Microprocessor 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits a re-registration request to a network; a receiving unit that receives a response from the network including a header indicating a waiting time until a retry; and a control unit that executes the initial registration along with a protocol setting option if the waiting time is shorter than the set time of a retransmission time monitoring timer and the expiration of the initial registration has passed when the waiting time expires.

2. A terminal comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits a re-registration request to a network; a receiving unit that receives a response from the network including a header indicating the waiting time until a retry; and a control unit that executes re-registration to the network if the waiting time is shorter than the setting time of a retransmission time monitoring timer, the expiration time of the initial registration has not been exceeded when the waiting time expires, and a protocol setting option is applied.

3. The terminal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control unit applies reconfiguration of a packet data network as the protocol configuration option.

4. A wireless communication method in a terminal, comprising: a step of sending a re-registration request to a network; a step of receiving a response from the network including a header indicating a waiting time until a retry; and a step of performing the initial registration together with a protocol setting option if the waiting time is shorter than the setting time of a retransmission time monitoring timer and the expiration of the initial registration has passed when the waiting time expires.

5. A wireless communication method in a terminal, comprising: a step of sending a re-registration request to a network; a step of receiving a response from the network including a header indicating a waiting time until a retry; and a step of performing re-registration to the network if the waiting time is shorter than the setting time of a retransmission time monitoring timer, the expiration time of the initial registration has not been exceeded when the waiting time expires, and a protocol setting option has been applied.

Images