Excavation efficiency evaluation system, excavation efficiency evaluation device, and excavation efficiency evaluation method

Abstract

An excavation efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: an excavation efficiency evaluation device; a boring machine that performs a boring operation; and a reading device that acquires three-dimensional information including width and volume information of a cavity generated by the boring operation. The excavation efficiency evaluation device includes: a correction unit that corrects boring start point information and boring end point information on the basis of an excavation direction determined by traveling direction data of a vein, so as to calculate corrected boring start point information and corrected boring end point information; a boring end point smoothness calculation unit that calculates, on the basis of a standard deviation of a component in the excavation direction of the boring end point information corresponding to each of a plurality of excavation holes, a boring end point smoothness which is the smoothness of a working face formed after boring of an excavation region; and a boring parallelism calculation unit that calculates, on the basis of a dispersion value of the relative positions of a start point and an end point of the plurality of excavation holes calculated in accordance with the corrected boring start point information and the corrected boring end point information corresponding to each of the plurality of excavation holes, a boring parallelism which is the parallelism between excavation holes.

Description

Excavation efficiency evaluation system, excavation efficiency evaluation device, and excavation efficiency evaluation method

[0001] The present invention relates to an excavation efficiency evaluation system, an excavation efficiency evaluation device, and an excavation efficiency evaluation method.

[0002] There is a known technique for reducing the amount of overexcavation in the ground during the excavation process. Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for reducing the amount of overexcavation by calculating the insertion angle of the current drilling hole based on the average overexcavation depth of the calculated overexcavation amount and the insertion angle of the previous drilling hole, and automatically changing the insertion angle of the outermost hole.

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-183647

[0004] In the process of drilling and advancing through the ground, multiple holes are drilled at the working face. Therefore, even if the insertion angle of the drilled holes is appropriate, if adjacent drilled holes are not parallel to each other, there is a risk that the drilling length will differ from the advancement length due to blasting, which may reduce the work efficiency of the advancing process.

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an excavation efficiency evaluation system that can improve work efficiency in the process of excavating ground.

[0006] A drilling efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention is a drilling efficiency evaluation system including a drilling efficiency evaluation device, a drilling machine that performs drilling work, and a reading device that acquires three-dimensional information including width and volume information of a cavity created by the drilling work, wherein the drilling efficiency evaluation device corrects drilling start point information, which is position information of the drilling start points of a plurality of drill holes in an excavation area, and drilling end point information, which is position information of the drilling end points of the plurality of drill holes, based on the drilling direction determined by strike data of the vein, to obtain corrected drilling start point information and The system includes a correction unit that calculates corrected drilling end point information, a drilling end point smoothness calculation unit that calculates the drilling end point smoothness, which is the smoothness of the face formed after drilling in the excavation area, based on the standard deviation of the excavation direction component of the drilling end point information corresponding to each of the multiple drilling holes, and a drilling parallelism calculation unit that calculates the drilling parallelism, which is the parallelism between drilling holes, based on the variance value of the relative positions of the start point and end point of the multiple drilling holes calculated according to the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information corresponding to each of the multiple drilling holes.

[0007] According to the excavation efficiency evaluation system of the present invention, it is possible to improve the work efficiency in the process of excavating the ground.

[0008] 1 is a configuration diagram of a tunneling efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of a tunneling efficiency evaluation device according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a front view illustrating the excavation area. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the excavation area illustrating drilling parallelism. FIG. 5 is a front view showing the arrangement of drilling start points in the excavation area. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the excavation area illustrating drilling end point smoothness and insertion angle. FIG. 7 is a side view of the excavation area illustrating drilling end point smoothness and insertion angle. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the calculation of the average resultant vector length and variance value of the drilled holes to be drilled, performed by the drilling parallelism calculation unit of the tunneling efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a mode of displaying each value calculated in the tunneling efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the processing of crushed rocks in the tunneling efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a sequence diagram showing the processing of an evaluation method executed by the tunneling efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing the processing for evaluating drilling work, performed by the output unit of the tunneling efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0009] The present embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0010] In addition, identical elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations are omitted. In the following embodiments, when referring to the number of elements (including the number, numerical value, amount, range, etc.), unless otherwise specified or when it is clearly limited to a specific number in principle, it is not limited to that specific number, and may be more or less than the specific number.

[0011] Furthermore, in the following embodiments, the components are not necessarily essential unless otherwise specified or considered to be clearly essential in principle. Similarly, in the following embodiments, when referring to the shape, positional relationship, etc. of components, etc., it is intended to include those that are substantially similar or similar to the shape, etc., unless otherwise specified or considered to be clearly not essential in principle. The same applies to the above numbers, etc. (including numbers, numerical values, amounts, ranges, etc.).

[0012] <Terminology> First, the terms used in this specification will be explained. In the following, the work of extracting underground resources such as minerals from veins or ores will be used as an example, but the terminology is not limited to this example and can also be used in other work such as excavating mountain tunnels.

[0013] A mineral vein is a place where minerals are concentrated, formed when magma or groundwater rising from deep underground supplies hot water to cracks on the surface, where the metals and other substances dissolved in the hot water cool, precipitate, and solidify. As a result, mineral veins have a strike and inclination that show a certain degree of continuity as a fracture zone, and exist in the form of plates or sheets. If the cracks become enlarged, they may also exist in cylindrical or tube-like shapes.

[0014] The working face is the working area at the end of the tunnel, and is also called the mirror surface. The working area is usually left exposed in its natural state, but in areas where there is a risk of collapse, peeling, or water seepage, concrete is sprayed over.

[0015] The outermost holes are the drilled holes that form the periphery of the tunnel design. The explosives are usually detonated sequentially using a time delay between detonators to expand the space from the inside of the tunnel face to the outside, so the outermost holes on the tunnel face are the drilled holes that are detonated last.

[0016] The insertion angle is the angle at which the hole is drilled. Specifically, it is the interior angle between the normal to the drilling start surface of the face in the direction of excavation and the direction of excavation for each borehole. If this insertion angle is not appropriate, the degree of crushing will worsen.

[0017] Crushing is the act of breaking up rocks by blasting. For example, it is expressed in terms of crushing volume and crushing space, and it is desirable that the crushed rocks and ores be within a predetermined shape and size for convenience of subsequent processes.

[0018] Overexcavation refers to the excess waste rock that is generated in excess of the planned tunnel specifications during drilling and blasting work. If the amount of overexcavation is greater than originally expected, the amount of crushing may increase.

[0019] The drilling direction is the actual direction of drilling at the drilling site, and in some cases, it is the direction determined when drilling along the strike of the rock strata that are revealed at the site, such as the location of a mineral vein, after a search hole is drilled to investigate the ground conditions ahead. Strike information is information about the strike of the rock surface and the strata exposed nearby. In the following explanation, the strike is assumed to be the strike of a mineral vein contained in the ground, but it is not limited to the strike of a mineral vein contained in the ground, and may also be the strike of a key layer, fault, fracture zone, water vein, crack, etc.

[0020] The direction of advance is the direction of mining determined on paper in advance by drilling test holes, etc., in relation to the direction of excavation. Therefore, if it is discovered on-site that the strike of the ore vein changes significantly, the direction of excavation and the direction of advance do not necessarily match. The length obtained at this time includes the drilling length, which is the actual length of the hole, as well as the advance length. The drilling length is roughly the same as the length of the borehole.

[0021] The advanced length is a value measured after blasting, and is the length that the tunnel was actually excavated, but it does not necessarily coincide with the drilled length due to natural factors such as uneven geological conditions and human factors such as the accuracy of loading explosives and the accuracy of drilling. In addition to measuring the length from the center of the tunnel to the start face of the next drilling, if the tunnel shape is significantly distorted, it may be calculated by measuring a representative length at multiple points and averaging them.

[0022] <Outline of the Excavation Process> The excavation process in a tunnel mainly includes drilling, blasting, loading, transportation, and support work. Below, an overview of each work included in the excavation process will be given using an example of work in a mine.

[0023] First, let's explain the drilling work. For example, suppose there are many ore veins running through the ground. When mining these veins from a horizontal direction through a tunnel, a drilling machine is used to drill holes for loading explosives. To quantitatively and accurately grasp the ground conditions, a navigation jumbo is used to perform the drilling work, and relative position coordinate data showing the trajectory of the drilling hole in the ground is obtained via electronic devices.

[0024] This section explains the explosive blasting process. Explosives are loaded into the borehole and then detonated. In addition to measuring the excavation width with a tape measure or laser rangefinder, to accurately grasp the spatial situation before and after blasting, a reading device such as a 3D scanner is used to obtain point cloud data that shows the relative position coordinates of the crushing space, etc.

[0025] We will explain the loading, transportation, and support work. The ore crushed by blasting is collected by a special loading machine. After this, support is provided and the tunnel excavation process is completed. The collected ore is transferred to a dump truck and transported to the ore processing facility on the surface.

[0026] <Research process leading to the idea of ​​the excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to the embodiment> Conventional technologies focus on reducing the amount of overexcavation. As a result, there are issues with not ensuring the drilling end point smoothness, which is the surface roughness that indicates the smoothness of the face formed after drilling and blasting operations, or preventing inefficiencies in subsequent processes, such as ensuring uniform grain size of crushed rock. For example, poor drilling end point smoothness poses a risk of falling protruding rocks, and reduces work efficiency by requiring time to position the drill bit due to an uneven ground surface.

[0027] Furthermore, if the crushed rock has a poor particle size, gaps can occur in downstream processes, making loading and transportation inefficient, and blockages can occur during the crushing process. Furthermore, because the 3D data obtained from 3D scanners and drilling machines is not used to quantitatively evaluate the skill of drilling and blasting work for the entire face, including the outermost holes, there is an issue of not knowing what improvements should be made in the next drilling and blasting work. From an economic perspective, such as not reducing the length of travel per blast, these issues need to be resolved.

[0028] Here, the strike of the ground changes locally, and although it can be estimated to some extent, some things that affect drilling, such as clayification, cavities, and the occurrence of springs, cannot be predicted.

[0029] In conventional technology, although the excavation direction is planned in advance, the drilling length and difference angle must be recalculated each time a hole is drilled.

[0030] Aligning the drilling end points of each borehole has the advantage that the drilling length and advancement length match, ensuring the advancement length of a single blast. However, since the length of the borehole (drilling length) varies depending on the unevenness of the ground surface, there is a challenge in that skilled techniques are required to perfectly align the drilling end points.

[0031] Furthermore, since the distribution of the drilling end points forms the new face that appears after blasting, if the face is not smooth but has significant unevenness, the tip of the drill bit cannot be set on the ground surface as intended in the next drilling operation, which may increase the difficulty of the drilling operation and make the process inefficient.

[0032] In addition, rocks are more likely to fall from convex parts of the face that are mechanically unstable, putting workers at risk. Therefore, there is an issue that safety cannot be ensured by adjusting the insertion angle alone.

[0033] To make the grain size of the crushed rock uniform, it is not enough to simply adjust the insertion angle of the outermost holes on the face of the tunnel, as in the conventional technology; rather, the insertion angle on the inside of the face must be adjusted so that the drilled holes are parallel to each other. If the drilled holes on the inside of the face are not drilled parallel to each other, a discrepancy will occur between the drilling length and the advance length due to blasting, which will make the excavation process inefficient and also affect the smoothness of the drilling end point.

[0034] Ensuring smoothness at the end of the drilling hole increases the length of progress per blast and facilitates drilling in the next excavation area, improving work efficiency and reducing costs. Ensuring parallelism of the drilled hole also makes it easier to match the drilling length with the progress length, resulting in consistent crushed rock grain size and improved loading, transportation, and sorting processes. The indicators that ensure this can be calculated in response to changes in the excavation direction, and the calculation of the overexcavation volume can be confirmed by the operator on a screen, allowing for efficient drilling and blasting operations. While these challenges can sometimes be resolved by the skills of experienced operators, inexperienced operators face the challenge of requiring a significant amount of time and effort to acquire the skills through qualitative training based on intuition.

[0035] Therefore, an excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to this embodiment has been found that can solve such problems. Below, an excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[0036] <Configuration of excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to embodiment> Figure 1 is a configuration diagram of an excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 comprises an excavation efficiency evaluation device 10, a drilling machine 20 and a reading device 30. The excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 is capable of communicating with the drilling machine 20 and the reading device 30.

[0037] The excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 comprises a correction section 11, an insertion angle calculation section 12, a drilling end point smoothness calculation section 13, a drilling parallelism calculation section 14, an overexcavation calculation section 15 and an output section 16. The output section 16 may be included in the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 as shown in the figure, but is not limited to this and may also be configured separately from the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 as a display device.

[0038] The correction unit 11 acquires drilling start point information, which is position information of the drilling start points of multiple boreholes in the excavation area, and drilling end point information, which is position information of the drilling end points of multiple boreholes. The correction unit 11 corrects the drilling start point information and the drilling end point information based on the excavation direction determined by the strike data of the vein, and calculates corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information. The strike information is angle information determined based on the strike included in the ground. By correlating the strike information with the excavation direction, records based on the drilling design data can be acquired.

[0039] The corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information may be expressed using coordinates. The correcting unit 11 identifies a drilling hole to be drilled in the next excavation area and to be analyzed based on the generated corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information. The correcting unit 11 transmits the generated corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information and information on the drilling hole to be analyzed to the insertion angle calculation unit 12.

[0040] Furthermore, the correction unit 11 calculates the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information, thereby determining the position coordinates of the drilling hole to be drilled in the next drilling area. The correction unit 11 then selects the charge hole to be loaded with explosives and identifies the drilling hole to be analyzed, such as the outermost hole and the classification of other drilling holes.

[0041] The insertion angle calculation unit 12 calculates the insertion angle of the drilling hole to be drilled based on the position coordinates of the drilling hole acquired from the correction unit 11. The insertion angle calculation unit 12 calculates the length, sine length and projection length of the drilling hole to be drilled based on the corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information acquired from the correction unit 11 and information on the drilling hole to be analyzed.

[0042] The length of the borehole to be drilled is the length of the line connecting the start point and end point of drilling. The sine length of the borehole to be drilled is the shortest length from the end point of drilling to the face. The projected length of the borehole to be drilled can be calculated by the length of the borehole to be drilled and the square root of the sine length.

[0043] The insertion angle calculation unit 12 calculates the insertion angle of the drilling hole based on the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information. More specifically, the insertion angle calculation unit 12 calculates the insertion angle based on the length and projection length of the drilling hole to be drilled. The insertion angle can be calculated by using the formula of an inverse trigonometric function to calculate the interior angle of each line segment.

[0044] The insertion angle calculation unit 12 calculates the insertion angle of the drilled hole. The insertion angle calculation unit 12 can evaluate the skill of the drilling work, such as the smoothness of the drilling end point, the parallelism of the drilling, and the amount of over-excavation, using a ratio display such as a percentage display based on a statistical method using variance and standard deviation for the calculated position coordinates of the drilling start point and the drilling end point.

[0045] The drilling end point smoothness calculation unit 13 calculates the drilling end point smoothness, which is the smoothness of the face formed after drilling in the excavation area, based on the standard deviation of the excavation direction component of the drilling end point information corresponding to each of the multiple drilling holes.

[0046] The drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 calculates the drilling parallelism, which is the parallelism between the boreholes, based on the variance value of the relative positions of the start points and end points of the multiple boreholes calculated based on the corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information corresponding to each of the multiple boreholes. The drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 may calculate the variance value of the relative positions of the start points and end points of the multiple boreholes based on the insertion angle, the corrected drilling start point information, and the corrected drilling end point information.

[0047] The drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 also calculates the average resultant vector length of the drilled hole and the variance of the relative positions of the start point and the end point. ｉ The sum of the direction cosines of and the angle of inflection θ ｉ The sum of the directional sines of the above is divided by the number of boreholes, and then the average resultant vector length is calculated as the square root of the sum of the squares.

[0048] More specifically, the number of drilled holes 40 to be drilled in the drilling area 100 is n, and the insertion angle of the plurality of drilled holes 40 is θ i , the length of the plurality of boreholes 40 is L i Then, the variance value R satisfies the following formula (1).

[0049]

[0050] When evaluating the parallelism between drilled holes from angle data, there is a problem that a simple arithmetic average cannot be calculated because the angle data has a periodic component. Therefore, the drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 can calculate the drilling parallelism, which indicates the degree of variation in the average direction of the angle data from the circular variance, by calculating the average resultant vector length and variance of the drilled holes.

[0051] The overexcavation calculation unit 15 calculates the overexcavation amount based on the planned crushing amount, which is the planned amount of crushed rock generated when drilling multiple boreholes, and the actual crushing amount, which is the actual amount of crushed rock actually generated in connection with the drilling of multiple boreholes.

[0052] More specifically, the overexcavation calculation unit 15 may calculate the overexcavation amount based on three-dimensional information including the insertion angle of the borehole to be drilled, pre-planned drilling design data, and width and volume information of the cavity, etc. The overexcavation calculation unit 15 uses drilling start point position information included in the corrected drilling start point information and drilling end point information to calculate the overexcavation width.

[0053] The overexcavation calculation unit 15 compares the planned crushing amount with the actual crushing amount and calculates the overexcavation amount from the ratio. The actual crushing amount is the volume or mass of the excavated excavation area. The actual crushing amount can be calculated based on three-dimensional information including the width and volume information of the cavity. The actual crushing amount can also be calculated based on the length of the excavation hole to be drilled calculated by the insertion angle calculation unit 12. Furthermore, the actual crushing amount can also be calculated based on the insertion angles of the multiple excavation holes 40 and the lengths of each of the multiple excavation holes 40.

[0054] The output unit 16 outputs the drilling end point smoothness calculated by the drilling end point smoothness calculation unit 13, the drilling parallelism calculated by the drilling parallelism calculation unit 14, and the overexcavation amount calculated by the overexcavation calculation unit 15. The output unit 16 may be included in the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 or the drilling machine 20.

[0055] The drilling machine 20 is a machine that performs drilling work based on pre-planned drilling design data. When the drilling work is completed, the drilling machine 20 acquires initial drilling start point information and drilling end point information as actual values. After the drilling work, explosives are loaded into the borehole and blasted.

[0056] After blasting by the drilling machine 20 and recovering the crushed ore, the reading device 30 performs precise shape measurements of the cavity in the ground created by the blasting. The reading device 30 then obtains three-dimensional information including the width and volume information of the cavity.

[0057] The results calculated by each part included in the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 and the contents output by the output unit 16 may be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or any other appropriate storage medium.

[0058] The drilling rig 20 may be equipped with a navigation function, and the navigation function may be used to acquire drilling data. With the navigation function, planned drilling holes that have been planned in advance on the working face are displayed on the screen, and drilling is performed as displayed, thereby achieving the planned drilling work. In other words, even if the drilling rig 20 is not equipped with planned drilling holes in advance, it is possible to collect drilling data by activating the navigation function.

[0059] Note that if the drilling machine 20 is not equipped with a planned drilling hole and the navigation function is enabled, the drilling direction needs to be corrected. When the drilling direction is corrected in the horizontal direction, it can be done by coordinate conversion of the acquired drilling data, and when it is corrected in the vertical direction, a coordinate conversion formula for correction can be used. However, among tunnel excavation methods, horizontal excavation at the same level has the effect of providing higher ore recovery efficiency than inclined tunnel excavation.

[0060] The excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 according to this embodiment makes it possible to quantitatively calculate and objectively evaluate performance data of drilling performed using the drilling end point smoothness calculation unit 13, drilling parallelism calculation unit 14, and overexcavation calculation unit 15. This improves the efficiency of subsequent drilling operations, and makes loading, transportation, and crushing operations in subsequent processes more efficient.

[0061] <Hardware configuration> Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of an excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 comprises a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 10a, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 10b, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 10c, an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) 10d, and an input / output I / F (Interface) 10e. These are electrically connected to each other via a bus 10f.

[0062] The CPU 10a controls the operation of the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10. The ROM 10b stores programs executed by the CPU 10a. The RAM 10c is used as a work area for the CPU 10a. The HDD 10d stores various data such as programs. The input / output I / F 10e is an interface for inputting and outputting various signals and data to and from external devices.

[0063] Some or all of the functions of the CPU 10a may be realized by an electronic circuit such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array).

[0064] <Parallelism of borehole 40> Figure 3 is a front view for explaining the excavation area 100. In the figure, W indicates the mining width, W1 indicates the planned mining width, and W2 indicates the overexcavation width. An example of forming a borehole 40 in the excavation area 100 will be described. For clarity of explanation, the following description will be given using an XYZ three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. The X direction indicates the width direction of the excavation area 100, the Y direction indicates the depth direction of the excavation area 100, and the Z direction indicates the vertical direction of the excavation area 100.

[0065] Drilling begins at the drilling start surface 101, which is the working face, to form boreholes 40. At this time, drilling is performed from the drilling start point 41 on the drilling start surface 101 toward the planned drilling end surface 102. The planned drilling end surface 102 is the finished surface in the excavation area 100 and will be the drilling start surface in the next excavation area. Because overcutting usually occurs, the actual drilling end surface 103 is wider than the planned drilling end surface 102. After the drilling operation is completed at the drilling end point 42, the drill bit is moved to the drilling start point in the next excavation area 110. The drilling operation is repeated until the desired number of boreholes 40 is reached.

[0066] Figure 4 is a perspective view for explaining the parallelism of the boreholes 40 in the excavation area 100. L1 in the figure is the distance between adjacent boreholes 40, and can be an index for evaluating the parallelism of the boreholes 40. In Figure 4, an example of forming boreholes 40 in the excavation area 100 will be described, as in the case of Figure 3.

[0067] As described above, it is preferable that the distance L1 between adjacent boreholes 40 is constant from the drilling start point 41 to the drilling end point 42 of each borehole 40, i.e., that adjacent boreholes 40 are drilled parallel to each other. If the parallelism between the boreholes is not good, the effectiveness of the blasting may be reduced due to factors such as adjacent boreholes 40 connecting together. If, after blasting, an actual drilling end surface 103 larger than the planned drilling end surface 102 is formed, an overexcavation amount equivalent to the overexcavation width W2 will be generated.

[0068] Here, Figure 5 is a front view showing the arrangement of drilling start points in the excavation area 100. In Figure 5, white circles on the drilling start surface 101 are shown as drilling start points 50 of the outermost holes, and black circles are shown as drilling start points 41 of the other excavated holes. The illustrated arrangement of the drilling start points 41, 50 is one example, and the number and arrangement of the excavated holes are not limited to this.

[0069] <Smoothness of face> Figure 6 is a plan view for explaining the drilling end point smoothness and the insertion angle. Figure 6 shows a plan view of the excavation area. The arrows in the figure indicate the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting work, and the drilling and blasting work proceed in the order of the previous excavation area 90, the current excavation area 100, and the next excavation area 110. Furthermore, Ra in the figure is the surface roughness in the depth (Y direction), and can be an index for evaluating the drilling end point smoothness. θ in the figure i indicates the insertion angle.

[0070] Due to the constraints imposed by the shape of the drilling machine 20, which delivers the drill bit used in the drilling operation, the outermost holes at the drilling start surface cannot be drilled vertically. Therefore, over-excavation occurs during the drilling operation, and each of the excavation areas 90, 100, 110 has a trapezoidal shape when viewed from above.

[0071] The actual drilling end surface 103 in the current excavation area 100 is the drilling start surface in the next excavation area 110. Therefore, if the drilling end point smoothness is not good, the drilling start surface in the next excavation area 110 will have an uneven shape, which may make the drilling work inefficient and reduce the progress length in each blasting work. Furthermore, if the parallelism between the boreholes 40 is not good, adjacent boreholes 40 may connect with each other, making the blasting work inefficient.

[0072] Insertion angle θ i is the angle between the drilling direction of the drilling and blasting work and the borehole 40. In the illustrated example, the insertion angle θ i is an angle on the xy plane, but is not limited to this and may be a three-dimensional angle including the Z component in the vertical direction.

[0073] 7 is a side view illustrating the drilling end point smoothness and the insertion angle. It is a side view of an excavation area illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. Drilling and blasting operations proceed in the direction of advancement indicated by the arrow in the figure. The drilling machine 20 is placed in the previous excavation area 90 and performs drilling operations. The roadbed in the previous excavation area 90 is preferably in a horizontal state to improve work efficiency.

[0074] In the current excavation area 100, the borehole 40 is formed by drilling from the drilling start point 41 to the drilling end point 42. If the surface roughness Ra of the actual drilling end surface 103 is not good, the drilling start surface of the next excavation area 110 will have a significantly uneven shape, making the drilling work inefficient. This may also be a factor in reducing the progress length in each blasting work.

[0075] Figure 8 is a diagram for explaining the calculation of the average resultant vector length and variance value of the drilling holes to be drilled, performed by the drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 of the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The arrow F in the figure indicates the excavation direction of the drilling work and blasting work. In Figure 8, the borehole groups 40a, 40b each include five boreholes 40. The drilling vector V1 is a vector corresponding to the five boreholes 40, and the average resultant vector V2 is a resultant vector of the five drilling vectors V1. Note that the number of boreholes 40 included in each of the borehole groups 40a, 40b is not limited to five, and various numbers of boreholes 40 may be included.

[0076] The vector length of the average resultant vector V2 is defined by being quantified by the length of the average resultant vector obtained by standardizing the resultant vector of multiple perforation vectors V1. The vector length of the average resultant vector V2 takes a value between 0 and 1, with the closer it is to 1 the smaller the degree of variation in the data, and the closer it is to 0 the greater the degree of variation in the data. Therefore, the value obtained by subtracting the vector length of the average resultant vector V2 from 1 is the variance value of this data.

[0077] 8, the vector length of the average resultant vector V2 in the borehole group 40b is greater than the vector length of the average resultant vector V2 in the borehole group 40a. Therefore, the boreholes 40 included in the borehole group 40b have smaller variations in the angle data and higher parallelism of the boreholes 40. For example, in the borehole group 40b, the drilling direction and the direction of the average resultant vector are the same, so the drilling length and the progress length tend to be more likely to be the same compared to the borehole group 40a.

[0078] In addition, when evaluating tunneling efficiency, the drilling end point smoothness may be prioritized over the drilling parallelism. For example, in a tunnel, the drilling parallelism may be evaluated by prioritizing the group of excavated holes other than the outermost hole on the face, and the overcut amount may be evaluated by prioritizing the group of outermost holes, which are most affected by the insertion angle. Therefore, it can be considered that it is sufficient to achieve the target index value for any of the indicators of the drilling end point smoothness, drilling parallelism, and overcut amount.

[0079] <Outputted indices> Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing how each value calculated in a tunneling efficiency evaluation system 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention is displayed. In the tunneling efficiency evaluation system 1, each value calculated by the tunneling efficiency evaluation device 10 can be output to the output unit 16. Each value may be displayed on the output unit 16 included in the drilling machine 20, or may be output as paper data 17.

[0080] The values ​​calculated by the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 may be classified as a first index and a second index. The output unit 16 outputs the first index and the second index in a manner that can be visually recognized by the operator during the drilling work or after the drilling work has been completed.

[0081] The first index is an index including a work guideline for drilling work based on at least one of the drilling end point smoothness, the drilling parallelism, and the overcut amount. For example, the first index may be the actual values ​​of the drilling end point smoothness, the drilling parallelism, and the overcut amount.

[0082] The first index can be used to present the drilling work points and goals for each worker to achieve more efficient performance, for example. In addition, when drilling work is performed under the same conditions, the first index can be used to compare the results with those of the previous drilling work and provide feedback aimed at improving the technique for the next drilling work.

[0083] The second index is an index that associates the first index with the cost required for the drilling work. Specifically, the second index may be used, for example, when the first index is previously stored in association with the expenses required for the drilling work and the blasting work. The second index includes, for example, at least one of the material cost per planned crushing volume or actual crushing volume, the energy cost per drilling work, the planned crushing volume or actual crushing volume per operating hour, the carbon dioxide emission amount, the amount of water used, and the particle size distribution of the crushed rock. Note that the first index and the second index are not limited to these, and various indexes can be used.

[0084] Figure 10 is a diagram for explaining the processing of crushed rocks 44 in the excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 10, it is assumed that blasting has occurred at a blasting location 43, generating crushed rocks 44. In Figure 10, (a) is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the generation and size of crushed rocks 44, (b) is a graph showing the relationship between particle size and weight percentage of crushed rocks 44, and (c) is a diagram for explaining the specifications of crushed rocks 44.

[0085] The information on the grain size distribution of the crushed rock 44 is obtained by using the length of the plurality of boreholes 40, the insertion angle θ i It is composed of a grain size accumulation curve that shows the distribution of grain sizes of crushed rock that can be predicted based on the drilling parallelism, the type and quantity of explosives included as costs for the drilling work.

[0086] The grain size accumulation curve is shown, for example, in FIG. 10(b). The horizontal axis of the graph indicates the grain size division. For example, the grain size of the crushed rock 44 is 1×10 -1 ~1 x 10 4 The vertical axis of the graph may be weight percentage, which may be expressed in logarithm.

[0087] The output unit 16 outputs information regarding the compatibility of the crushed rock with the specifications of the rock sieve provided in the crusher used in the crushing operation, which is a subsequent process of the drilling operation, based on information regarding the particle size distribution of the crushed rock.

[0088] The crushed rock 44 is classified by particle size using a rock sieve 45 equipped in a crusher, which is a downstream process. The mesh size of the rock sieve 45 may be, for example, a × b, as shown in FIG. 10( c). Here, the weight percentage may be the passing rate of the rock sieve 45, predicted based on the amount of crushed rock 44 passing through the rock sieve 45. The particle size distribution of the crushed rock 44 may be determined by the spacing between boreholes. Crushed rock 44 that does not meet the particle size specifications may clog the rock sieve 45 or cause malfunctions in the crusher, affecting the operation of the crusher and thus the progress of downstream processes.

[0089] <Excavation efficiency evaluation method> FIG. 11 is a sequence diagram showing the processing of the evaluation method executed by the excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0090] The correction unit 11 of the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 acquires initial drilling start point information and drilling end point information from the drilling machine 20 (step S201). The correction unit 11 acquires strike information related to the planned line in the tunnel or the like and the strike included in the ground (step S202). The correction unit 11 corrects the acquired initial drilling start point information and drilling end point information based on the strike information, and generates corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information (step S203). The correction unit 11 identifies the next drilling hole 40 to be drilled and the drilling hole 40 to be analyzed based on the generated corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information (step S204).

[0091] Next, the insertion angle calculation unit 12 calculates the length, sine length, and projection length of the borehole 40 to be drilled based on the corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information acquired from the correction unit 11 and information about the borehole 40 to be analyzed (steps S205, S206, S207). The insertion angle calculation unit 12 calculates the insertion angle based on the length and projection length of the borehole 40 to be drilled (step S208). The insertion angle calculation unit 12 transmits the calculated insertion angle to the drilling end point smoothness calculation unit 13, the drilling parallelism calculation unit 14, and the overcut calculation unit 15.

[0092] The drilling end point smoothness calculation unit 13 calculates the standard deviation of the excavation direction component (step S209) based on the position coordinates of the drilling start point and the drilling end point acquired from the insertion angle calculation unit 12. Then, the drilling end point smoothness calculation unit 13 calculates the drilling end point smoothness, which indicates the degree of dispersion of the drilling end point data (step S210).

[0093] The drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 calculates the average resultant vector length and variance of the borehole 40 to be drilled (step S211). The drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 calculates the drilling parallelism, which indicates the degree of variation in the average direction of the angle data from the circumferential variance (step S212).

[0094] The over-excavation calculation unit 15 compares the planned crushing amount with the actual crushing amount, and calculates the over-excavation amount from the ratio (step S213).Then, the over-excavation calculation unit 15 calculates the over-excavation amount (step S214).

[0095] 12 is a flow chart showing the process of evaluating drilling work performed by the output unit 16 of the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The output unit 16 may be provided with a display capable of displaying a three-dimensional space that can be viewed stereoscopically, and may be provided with evaluation means for generating virtual three-dimensional space data of the excavation area 100 and evaluating the drilling work based on the actions of a virtual user with respect to the drilling work.

[0096] The excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 can provide an educational program for drilling work to be performed by workers by evaluating the performance values ​​of drilling work using the output unit 16. This processing also provides a means for workers to evaluate drilling work at a training site or virtual site, which is a digital space, through the educational program.

[0097] First, the output unit 16 sets target first evaluation values ​​for each indicator of the drilling end point smoothness, drilling parallelism, and overcut amount (step S301). When the drilling work is completed (step S302), a second evaluation value, which is a value based on the performance of the drilling work, is calculated (step S303). The performance value, which is the second evaluation value, may be the performance value for each borehole 40 in real time, or the performance value for all boreholes 40 after the drilling work on all the face is completed. The performance value for all boreholes 40 after the drilling work is completed may be prioritized.

[0098] Thereafter, the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value are compared (step S304). At this time, the output value differs depending on whether the pre-input threshold value of the index and the evaluation items have been set (step S305). Note that the evaluation items may be recognized by the worker as an identification value for each evaluation by any of the following methods: presenting an achievement rank based on the range of the value of each index, presenting advice, presenting an icon, turning on a light, emitting a sound, or emitting a vibration.

[0099] If these thresholds and evaluation items have been set (Yes in step S305), the first evaluation value, the second evaluation value, and the evaluation result are output (step S306). If these thresholds and evaluation items have not been set (No in step S305), the first evaluation value, the second evaluation value, and the comparison result are output (step S307). The comparison result indicates the difference between the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value and may be a simpler value than the evaluation value. The comparison value is a value that is recognized by the operator as an identification value by presenting an icon, turning on a light, emitting a sound, or generating a vibration. The identification value output means may be a display means installed in the drilling machine 20, printing on paper, or transmitting and displaying on a communication terminal.

[0100] Based on a comparison between the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value, a target value is set as an index for maintaining or aiming for the first evaluation value (step S308). At this time, the target value may be set manually higher or lower than the first evaluation value, or may be set automatically, taking into account the conditions of the worker and the site. The process of evaluating the performance values ​​of the drilling work allows quantitative evaluation as an educational program for drilling techniques.

[0101] The excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to this embodiment can be applied to the design and construction of ground cavity areas using a drilling machine 20 in bench stope mining, step mining, and mountain tunnel construction methods, in terms of drilling end point smoothness, drilling parallelism, and overexcavation amount. The excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 can also be applied not only to sudden changes in the strike of the ore vein, but also to cases where the excavation direction needs to be corrected due to spring water, unconformity, rockbursts, cracks, and gas eruptions in mountain tunnels, for example.

[0102] <Effects> The excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to this embodiment can contribute to improving the work efficiency in each construction method, realizing highly accurate drilling work, and ensuring safety.

[0103] Supplementary Information Regarding the Embodiments The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0104] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0105] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0106] The "unit" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "means," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0107] In this disclosure, when the words "include," "including," and variations thereof are used, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising."

[0108] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0109] The aspects / embodiments described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0110] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0111] 1...Drilling efficiency evaluation system, 10...Drilling efficiency evaluation device, 11...Correction unit, 12...Insertion angle calculation unit, 13...Drilling end point smoothness calculation unit, 14...Drilling parallelism calculation unit, 15...Over-excavation calculation unit, 16...Output unit, 20...Drilling machine, 40...Drilling hole

Claims

1. A drilling efficiency evaluation system including a drilling efficiency evaluation device, a drilling machine that performs drilling work, and a reading device that acquires three-dimensional information including width and volume information of cavities created by drilling work, wherein the drilling efficiency evaluation device comprises: a correction unit that corrects drilling start point information, which is position information of the drilling start points of a plurality of drill holes in an excavation area, and drilling end point information, which is position information of the drilling end points of the plurality of drill holes, based on the drilling direction determined by the strike data of the ore vein, to calculate corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information; a drilling end point smoothness calculation unit that calculates drilling end point smoothness, which is the smoothness of the face formed after drilling in the excavation area, based on the standard deviation of the drilling direction component of the drilling end point information corresponding to each of the plurality of drill holes; and a drilling parallelism calculation unit that calculates drilling parallelism, which is the parallelism between boreholes, based on the variance value of the relative positions of the start points and end points of the plurality of boreholes calculated in accordance with the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information corresponding to each of the plurality of boreholes. A tunneling efficiency evaluation system equipped with 2. The excavation efficiency evaluation system of claim 1, further comprising: an insertion angle calculation unit that calculates the insertion angle of the borehole based on the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information; and an overexcavation calculation unit that acquires the three-dimensional information including the width of the hollow portion and the volume information, and calculates the overexcavation amount based on a planned crushing amount, which is the planned amount of crushed rock generated when drilling the multiple boreholes, and an actual crushing amount, which is the actual amount of crushed rock actually generated in connection with the drilling of the multiple boreholes.

3. The drilling efficiency evaluation system described in claim 2, wherein the drilling parallelism calculation unit calculates the variance value of the relative positions of the start and end points of the multiple drilling holes based on the insertion angle, the corrected drilling start point information, and the corrected drilling end point information.

4. A tunneling efficiency evaluation system as described in claim 2 or 3, wherein the variance value is a circular variance value obtained based on an average resultant vector length calculated by taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the sum of the direction cosines of the insertion angle and the sum of the direction sines of the insertion angle, respectively, divided by the number of the boreholes.

5. A tunneling efficiency evaluation system as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the tunneling efficiency evaluation device further comprises an output unit that outputs the drilling end point smoothness calculated by the drilling end point smoothness calculation unit, the drilling parallelism calculated by the drilling parallelism calculation unit, and the over-excavation amount calculated by the over-excavation calculation unit.

6. The excavation efficiency evaluation system described in claim 5, wherein the output unit outputs a first index including work guidelines for drilling work based on at least one of the drilling end point smoothness, the drilling parallelism, and the over-excavation amount in a manner that can be seen by an operator during the drilling work or after the drilling work is completed.

7. The drilling efficiency evaluation system described in claim 6, wherein the output unit further outputs a second index which is an index relating the first index and the cost required for the drilling operation, and the second index includes at least one of the material cost per amount of the crushed rock, the energy cost per drilling operation, the amount of the crushed rock per operating hour, the carbon dioxide emission amount, the amount of water used, and the particle size distribution of the crushed rock.

8. The tunneling efficiency evaluation system described in claim 7, wherein the information regarding the particle size distribution of the crushed rock included in the second indicator is composed of a particle size accumulation curve showing the predicted particle size distribution of the crushed rock based on the lengths of the multiple boreholes, the insertion angle, the drilling parallelism, and the type and quantity of explosives recorded as costs required for the drilling work, and the output unit outputs information regarding the suitability of the crushed rock with the specifications of a rock sieve equipped in a crusher used in the crushing work, which is a subsequent process of the drilling work, based on the information regarding the particle size distribution of the crushed rock.

9. A tunneling efficiency evaluation system as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the output unit is provided with a display capable of displaying a three-dimensional space that can be viewed stereoscopically, generates virtual three-dimensional space data of the excavation area, and includes an evaluation means for evaluating the drilling work based on the actions of a virtual user experiencing the drilling work.

10. A tunneling efficiency evaluation system as described in claim 9, wherein the evaluation means outputs an evaluation result based on a first evaluation value which is a target value for the drilling end point smoothness, the drilling parallelism and the amount of overexcavation, and a second evaluation value which is an actual value for the drilling end point smoothness, the drilling parallelism and the amount of overexcavation.

11. A drilling efficiency evaluation device comprising: a correction unit that corrects drilling start point information, which is position information of the drilling start points of a plurality of boreholes in an excavation area, and drilling end point information, which is position information of the drilling end points of the plurality of boreholes, based on strike information, which is information about the strike of the ground, to calculate corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information; a drilling end point smoothness calculation unit that calculates drilling end point smoothness, which is the smoothness of the face formed after drilling in the excavation area, based on the standard deviation of the excavation direction component of the drilling end point information corresponding to each of the plurality of boreholes; and a drilling parallelism calculation unit that calculates drilling parallelism, which is the parallelism between boreholes, based on the variance value of the relative positions of the start points and end points of the plurality of boreholes calculated in accordance with the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information corresponding to each of the plurality of boreholes.

12. A method for evaluating drilling efficiency, comprising the steps of: correcting drilling start point information, which is position information of the drilling start points of a plurality of boreholes in an excavation area, and drilling end point information, which is position information of the drilling end points of the plurality of boreholes, based on strike information, which is information about the strike of the ground, to calculate corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information; calculating drilling end point smoothness, which is the smoothness of the face formed after drilling in the excavation area, based on the standard deviation of the excavation direction component of the drilling end point information corresponding to each of the plurality of boreholes; and calculating drilling parallelism, which is the parallelism between boreholes, based on the variance value of the relative positions of the start points and end points of the plurality of boreholes calculated in accordance with the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information corresponding to each of the plurality of boreholes.

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