Method for laying cable inside pipes

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for laying cable (100) inside pipes (10) without interrupting fluid flow and / or pressure in the pipe (10), comprising the steps of: coupling an adapter (1) on the pipe (10); deploying the cable (100) by means of a deployment system (4) that is sealingly attached to the adapter (1); extracting the propulsion mechanism (4.3) and the cable (100) through an extraction device (6) sealingly attached to the adapter (1); and replacing the extraction mechanism (6) with a flange (7).

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] METHOD OF LAYING CABLE INSIDE PIPES

[0003] The present invention relates to a method of installing cables in pressurized pipes, which, as a result of the method of the invention, allows the installation of the cable without interrupting the flow and / or pressure of the fluid, in addition to not causing significant alterations in the original characteristics of the pipes.

[0004] The state of the art describes various systems and methods that use optical fibers for leak detection, such as fiber Bragg gratings, Raman spectroscopy, vibration, and acoustics, among others. Similarly, there are fiber deployments, both external and internal to the pipeline. Among the latter, the state of the art includes a seal to create incidents in deployments in operating facilities.

[0005] Document CN115199859A (CHONGQING UNIV) aims to address issues related to late monitoring and low leak detection efficiency in long-distance underground pipelines. It proposes a rapid diagnostic method for long-distance underground pipeline leaks, involving several steps. First, distributed optical fibers are installed along the length of the pipeline, equipped with a distributed strain-temperature-vibration induction device. A distributed optical fiber demodulator analyzes the feedback from the induction device to identify potential leak locations, triggered by encounters with water. Subsequently, a pipeline robot equipped with a camera travels inside the pipeline, capturing images of potential leaks while maintaining real-time communication with a monitoring device.Finally, the collected images are sent to a ground-based workstation and analyzed using artificial intelligence software to quickly identify and locate leaks. The induction device comprises separate modules for voltage, temperature, and vibration, all working independently. In addition, the pipeline robot includes a tracking mechanism. These innovations improve the efficiency and accuracy of leak detection in underground pipelines.

[0006] Document CN114166427A (YAN S) discloses an invention that provides a method for monitoring external water pressure in tunnel linings. It involves determining the monitoring area based on tunnel leakage and groundwater distribution, then identifying suitable locations for measuring points and fiber grid piezometer devices. These devices are installed using a detachable two-section drill rod structure. The drilling process takes into account lining thickness and drill rod size. The fiber grid piezometer devices are installed with rubber gaskets for sealing. This method offers several advantages, such as accurate water pressure monitoring, reduced construction costs, and no impact on construction schedules. Triple sealing measures ensure effective sealing without affecting waterproofing.

[0007] Document JP2014074654A (NIHON SUIDO CONSULTANTS CO LTD) describes a method for detecting anomalies in water flow facilities, such as underground pipes or siphons, with a focus on identifying water leaks in low-pressure water flow systems. Asset management in civil engineering and agriculture is crucial to prolong the life of existing facilities rather than rebuilding them. Current inspection methods rely primarily on underwater or aerial robots with limitations. The proposed method uses a guide installed in the water flow facility, connected to an anomaly detection device. The guide simplifies the inspection process, making it less restrictive and enabling effective detection even under low-pressure conditions. The method includes steps for float placement, guide installation, and FFT analysis for accurate detection.

[0008] Document CN111271122A (SHANGHAI TONGYAN CIVIL ENG TECHNOLOGY CO) discloses an invention that focuses on solving a leak tightness problem of gas pipeline elements. It is characterized by the following: when the gas escaping from the test object is drained into the cavity of the leak detection valve body through the trachea, the level of colored liquid in the cavity drops due to atmospheric pressure, and when the level of colored liquid is lower than the fiber optic probe, the fiber optic switch emits an output signal and then the leaking products are separated. Compared with the prior art, this invention has a fast response and can measure and control even microscopic leaks instantaneously thanks to an integrated design and the ability to make the internal diameter of the pipe in the cavity of the leak detection valve body very thin.

[0009] That is, among the previously described previous steps, document CN115199859A introduces the fiber with an inductor and subsequently a robot with a camera performs the checks, CN114166427A in which rod sections are used to deploy the optical fiber and its subsequent sealing, JP2014074654A which installs guides and floats and CN111271122A which focuses on leaks in the conduction elements.

[0010] However, a new method of inserting the guide is required, with its subsequent dragging (either passive or self-propelled) as well as an element that allows its retraction and ensures its tightness.

[0011] An object of the present invention is a method for laying optical fiber inside fluid distribution pipes, which consists of several phases and which allows, in an economical and efficient manner and with the pipe under pressure, i.e., with fluid inside the pipe under pressure, to carry out a safe and effective installation of one or more optical fiber cables inside the pipe. This object is achieved by the method of claim 1. Various embodiments and aspects of the invention are described in the claims that depend directly or indirectly on claim 1.

[0012] Thanks to the claimed invention, it is possible to lay cables inside pipeline networks in a sealed and secure manner so as not to interrupt the transport of pressurized fluids. Furthermore, the present invention is highly versatile, as it is not affected by the geometric or material characteristics of the pipeline, nor by whether the pipeline is newly constructed or pre-existing.

[0013] Furthermore, the method of the invention is noninvasive, as it does not alter the infrastructure of the pipeline network or its integrity. Installation requires only a small hole in the pipeline configured for inserting and extracting the cable. At the same time, the invention allows the cable to pass through during installation, and is capable of supporting the cable once installed without affecting the structural integrity of the pipeline and cable.

[0014] Finally, the present invention describes a compact method that allows execution in small spaces thanks to a compact deployment and extraction device system with two access points, and which in turn allows dismantling for reuse and, once the installation is complete, the system takes up very little space without affecting its functionality.

[0015] Throughout the description and claims, the word "comprise" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical features, additives, components, or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages, and features of the invention will be apparent in part from the description and in part from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings are provided by way of illustration and are not intended to restrict the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein.

[0016] Below, a very brief description is given of a series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that are expressly related to an embodiment of said invention that is presented as a non-limiting example thereof.

[0017] Figure 1 shows an isolated view of the coupling phase of the method of the invention.

[0018] Figure 2 shows an isolated view of the drilling phase of the method.

[0019] Figure 3 shows an isolated view of the launch phase of the method.

[0020] Figure 4 shows an isolated view of the extraction phase of the method.

[0021] Figure 5 shows an isolated view of the closing phase of the method.

[0022] Figure 6 shows a view of the entire method of the invention.

[0023] The present invention provides a non-invasive and uninterrupted method of laying cable in pipes that transport pressurized fluids, thereby achieving continuity of fluid supply to preserve the original integrity of the pipes, which are fundamental aspects in applications where operation is critical, such as in water distribution systems or in industrial processes that depend on a continuous supply of raw materials.

[0024] As shown in Figure 1, the method of the invention begins with the placement of an adapter 1 over the pipe 10 (shown in Figure 6), which is connected by means of a coupling 2, such as a collar, flange or sleeve. Alternatively, the adapter 1 can be welded directly to the pipe to ensure or make other secure connections.

[0025] The adapter 1 is configured to lay the cable inside the pipe 10 without stopping the flow. In a particular non-limiting embodiment, the adapter 1 is a quick-release closure through a small hole in the pipe 10. Furthermore, in another particular embodiment, the adapter incorporates a guillotine-type side closure 1.2 (i.e., a piece that is inserted horizontally through its side, 1.3) to create a temporary watertight closure during the work of laying the cable 100.

[0026] The design of the adapter 1 is compact and ergonomic, and is configured to efficiently adapt and join to any connecting element of the pipe 10, such as the coupling 2 which, in the non-limiting example of the attached figures, is a threaded collar, avoiding compromising the original structural integrity of the pipe. In addition, the adapter 1 comprises a fixing element 1.1 for the cable, which provides support and eliminates the need for other invasive supports along the pipe 10.

[0027] The next stage of the method is the drilling of the pipe 10, as shown in Figure 2. In this phase, a drilling rig 3 is fixed and secured to the adapter 1 using suitable screws or fastening systems 3.1. This drilling rig 3 is designed similarly to a hand drill, but with a gasket system 3.2 integrated into the mouth to ensure watertightness and prevent the passage of water. Once the drilling rig 3 is correctly installed, the drilling begins on the surface of the pipe 10. During this process, the necessary pressure is exerted to drill the pipe in a precise and controlled manner. Once the drilling is complete, the mast 3.3 holding the drill bit is raised to pass the side closure area 1.2 by means of a guillotine 1.3, or similar system. This step is crucial to ensure that the guillotine 1.3 is inserted into the side closure 1.2 can block the passage of water and ensure the system's watertightness. With the guillotine 1.3 closed and the watertightness guaranteed, the drilling rig 3 is removed.

[0028] Once the drilling rig 3 has been removed, the method moves on to the launch or deployment phase shown in Figure 3. To do this, a deployment rig 4 is placed and secured onto the adapter 1 using hardware 4.1 or similar. The deployment rig 4 is designed to ensure watertightness in the working area while the cable 100 is being pulled. Once the watertight area is secured, the side closure 1.2 is opened. This step allows water to flow and allows passage to lower the mast 4.2, equipped with a release system 4.4 for the propulsion mechanism 4.3. This propulsion mechanism 4.3 is designed to move along the pipe 10 and reach the extraction area. In addition, the system may have a cable that acts as a guide. When the propulsion mechanism is deployed, it pulls the cable 100 along the pipe 10, following the desired path until it reaches the extraction area.

[0029] The deployment device 4 is configured to lay the cable 100 inside the pipe 10 in a controlled and sealed manner. As indicated, the deployment device 4 consists of an element that is fixed to the adapter 1 and is activated to launch the cable inside the pipe. This device is equipped with a release system that allows its use even in turbulent flow conditions and high pressure, and a cable guide for its safe and precise introduction, avoiding damage to the cable structure. The propulsion mechanism 4.3 (passive or self-propelled) provides the necessary energy to drag the cable 100 along the pipe 10 and adjust the trajectory according to the specific conditions of the pipe network.

[0030] Once the propulsion mechanism 4.3 has reached the extraction zone, it is captured by a capture device 4.5. This initiates the extraction phase shown in Figure 4. This capture device 4.5, which may be a net, a magnet or another type of capture mechanism, ensures the safe capture of the propulsion mechanism 4.3. Once captured, the mast 6.1 supporting the capture mechanism 4.5 is raised perpendicular to the pipe 10. This allows the capture mechanism 4.5, together with the propulsion device 4.3, to enter the internal chamber 6.2 of the extraction device 6, specifically a first support 6A.

[0031] Next, once inside the internal chamber 6.2 of the first support 6A of the extraction device 6, the capture device 4.5 is transferred to a second support 6B through another mast 6.3 that accesses from a different access, either perpendicular or in another direction. This process ensures that the capture device 4.5 is collected from the first support 6A, leaving the cable 100 in the conduit 1.1 designed in the adapter 1. That is, the extraction device 6 is configured to capture and extract the cable 100 that travels inside the pipe in a safe and watertight manner. The extraction device 6 consists of a unit that is fixed on the adapter 1 at the point where it is desired to extract the cable. For example, with a geometry with two access points (i.e., including but not limited to a "T" shape, as shown in Figure 5) that allow you to control and direct the capture mechanism, such as hooks, net, magnet or any other, and extract the cable in a watertight and safe manner. As in the case of the deployment device 4, its modular design allows it to be removed once the cable laying is completed, minimizing the visible impact on the net.

[0032] With cable 100 in its final position and the device properly retracted, guillotine 1.3 is inserted through side seal 1.2 to cut off the water supply. This step is crucial to ensure a tight and secure seal of the hydraulic system.

[0033] With the water passage closed, the extraction mechanism 6 is replaced by a special flange 7 that has a small hole 7.1, that is, we are in the closing phase shown in figure 5. This hole 7.1 has the same inclination as the channel 1.1 of the adapter 1, which guarantees the continuity of the cable 100 as it passes through it. Once the flange 7 is in place, a cable gland 8 is installed in the small inclined hole 7.1 to ensure sealing at that point, while allowing the cable 100 to pass through.

[0034] Next, tighten the bolts 7.2 or any other means of connection to properly secure the flange in place. Once the seal is secure, remove the guillotine used to cut off the water supply during the installation process. Finally, a safety cover 7.3 is placed over the side hole where the cut was made with the guillotine 1.3. This cover 7.3 protects against any possible leaks in the side seal 1.2 and guarantees the integrity and safety of the entire system.

[0035] Figure 6 schematically shows the different phases of the invention as a whole. This shows the drilling and launching phase of the capture device 4.5 until it is picked up by the extraction device 6 and how, after the launched capture device 4.5 is extracted, the elements are removed in the closing phase. Thus, the present invention is a fiber optic cable laying method that stands out for its ability to be executed in pipeline networks without interrupting the transport of the pressurized fluid, thanks to a set of devices that provide a hermetic seal throughout the cable laying process. It also has a cable guidance and control system that ensures precise and targeted deployment of the cable, even in turbulent flows and high pressure, without compromising the structural integrity of the cable itself or the pipeline.The adapter's design allows for compatibility with newly constructed or existing networks, regardless of the pipe diameter or material, and without altering the pipe's original structural integrity. Its design also allows the cable to be secured to its own body, eliminating the need for other invasive supports that could compromise the pipe's structural integrity.

[0036] Finally, the insertion and extraction devices have a modular and compact design that allows cable laying to be carried out in confined spaces. Once the cable laying work is complete, they can be removed, minimizing the visible impact on the network.

Claims

CLAIMS 1.- A method for laying a cable (100) inside pipes (10) without interrupting the flow and / or pressure of the fluid in the pipe (10) comprising the steps of: coupling an adapter (1) onto the pipe (10), where said adapter (1) comprises at least one side closure (1.2) for a provisional watertight closure during laying of the cable (100); deploying the cable (100) by means of deployment equipment (4) fixed in a watertight manner on the adapter (1), and which, in turn, comprises the steps of: with the watertight area secured, the side closure is opened (1.2) to allow water flow and passage to lower a mast (4.2) equipped with a propulsion mechanism release system (4.4) (4.3); where said propulsion mechanism (4.3) is configured to move along the pipe (10) and reach the extraction zone by dragging the cable (100) along the pipe (10); extracting the propulsion mechanism (4.3) and the cable (100) by means of a capture mechanism (4.5) through an extraction device (6) fixed in a sealed manner on the adapter (1) and comprising a first support (6A), with a first mast (6.1) and a first internal chamber (6.2), as well as a second support (6B), with a second mast (6.3) such that: the first mast (6.1) supporting the capture mechanism (4.5) is raised perpendicular to the pipe (10) so that the capture mechanism (4.5) together with the propulsion device (4.3) enter the internal chamber (6.2) of the extraction device (6); and where once inside the first internal chamber (6.2) of the first support (6A) of the extraction device (6) the capture device (4.5) is transferred to the second support (6B) through another mast (6.3) that is accessed from a different access, leaving the cable (100) in the channel (1.1) of the adapter (1), and with the cable (100) in the channel (1.1) of the adapter (1) the guillotine (1.3) is introduced through the side closure (1.2) to cut off the passage of water;. replace the extraction mechanism (6) with a flange (7) with a hole (7.1) with the same inclination as the channel (1.1) of the adapter (1); and where once the flange (7) is placed, a cable gland (8) is installed in the inclined hole (7.1) to ensure sealing at that point, while allowing the passage of the cable (100). 2.- The method according to claim 1, wherein the coupling of the adapter (1) on the pipe (10) is carried out either directly, by drilling the pipe (10) by means of drilling equipment (3) fixed in a sealed manner on the adapter (1), or on a coupling element (2) selected from a collar, a flange, a sleeve, or a combination of the above. 3.- The method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the adapter comprises a fixing element (1.1) for the cable (100). 4.- The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the drilling equipment (3) comprises a seal (3.2) and is fixed and secured on the adapter (1) by using fastening means (3.1). 5.- The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein once the drilling stage has been completed, a mast (3.3) holding a drill bit of the drilling equipment (3.3) is raised until it passes the area of ​​the side closure (1.2) of the adapter (1), after which a guillotine (1.3) is inserted into said side closure (1.2) to block the passage of water and ensure the tightness of the assembly; and where with the guillotine (1.3) closed and the tightness guaranteed, the drilling equipment (3) is removed. 6.- The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the propulsion mechanism (4.3) is passive or self-propelled. 7.- The method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the capture device (4.5) is one selected from a net, a magnet or another type of capture mechanism of the propulsion mechanism (4.3). 8.- The method according to any of the preceding claims, where once the tightness has been ensured after placing the flange (7), the guillotine (1.3) used to cut off the passage of water during the installation process is removed and a safety cover (7.3) is placed on the side closure (1.2).

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