Electric power supply system

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric power supply system configured to deliver a DC voltage from a first end and a second end of a capacitor arm. The capacitor arm has 4+2n capacitors, n being a natural number, each capacitor being connected to the ends of a respective switch arm. The power supply system is such that, from the first end of the capacitor arm to the second end of the capacitor arm, i being a natural number between 1 and 4+2n: wherein for first capacitors of rank i=2 or i=4+2n-1, respectively, the midpoint of the corresponding switch arm is connected to a first branch comprising a first DC voltage source configured to deliver a voltage having a first value V and a first inductor in series, the first branch additionally being connected to the first end of the capacitor arm or to the second end of the capacitor arm, respectively; and wherein for second capacitors of odd rank i different from 4+2n-1, the midpoint of the switch arm corresponding to the capacitor of rank i and the midpoint of the switch arm corresponding to the capacitor of rank i+3 are connected by a second branch comprising a second DC voltage source configured to deliver a voltage having a value 2 x V and a second inductor in series.

Description

Description Title of the invention: Power supply system Technical field and technological background

[0001] The present invention relates to a power supply system and a power supply method using the power supply system according to the invention. In particular, the invention is in the field of power electronics, especially that of partial-power converters.

[0002] It is common practice to supply an electrical device from a voltage source with a voltage lower than that of the device. For this purpose, a step-up voltage converter is used, which increases the voltage supplied by the source to a voltage suitable for the electrical device. In particular, for renewable energy sources, the step-up voltage converter compensates for voltage fluctuations related to the variability of the energy sources. For example, the voltage delivered by a photovoltaic panel depends on the amount of sunlight.

[0003] US patent application publication US2011 / 0188276 A1 describes a power supply system in which a plurality of DC voltage sources use different switches on the same boost converter to supply power to the load. This power supply system configuration allows the voltages delivered to the switches to be lower than those at the switches in a configuration where a single voltage source, equivalent to the plurality of equivalent voltages, is used. This power supply system allows the switches to be operated at half the voltage, thereby reducing losses in the boost converter.

[0004] However, with the development of electrification, it is essential to improve the efficiency of electrical power systems.

[0005] Therefore, a power supply system is being sought that will further reduce losses in a power supply system. Summary of the invention

[0006] To this end, the invention proposes a power supply system configured to deliver a direct current voltage from a first end and a second end of a capacitance arm: said capacitance arm comprising 4+2n capacitances, n being a natural number, each capacitance being connected to the ends of a respective switch arm, said power supply system being such that, from the first end of the capacitance arm to the second end of the capacitance arm, i being a natural number between 1 and 4+2n: for first capacitances having rank i=2, respectively i=4+2n-1, the midpoint of the corresponding switch arm is connected to a first branch comprising a first DC voltage source configured to deliver a voltage having a first value V and a first inductance in series, the first branch being further connected to the first end of the capacitance arm, respectively to the second end, of the capacitance arm;for second capacitances having an odd rank i other than 4+2n-1, the midpoint of the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i and the midpoint of the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3 are connected by a second branch comprising a second DC voltage source configured to deliver a voltage having a value of 2 x V and a second inductance in series.

[0007] By connecting the second branch between the midpoint of the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i and the midpoint of the arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3 and thanks to the first branches, it becomes possible to improve the efficiency of the power supply system compared to the prior art and in particular to obtain reduced current ripples at the output of the power supply system compared to the prior art and / or to reduce the size of the power supply system compared to the prior art.

[0008] According to one embodiment, for each pair of second capacitances of rank i and rank i+3, the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i and the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3 are configured to be out of phase with respect to each other.

[0009] According to one variant, the switch arm corresponding to the first capacitance of rank i=2 and the switch arm corresponding to the first Capacitors of rank i=4+2n-1 are configured to be out of phase with each other.

[0010] According to one variant, the phase shift(s) are 180°.

[0011] According to one embodiment, for all second capacities, the switch arms corresponding to the capacities of rank i are configured to be in phase, and the switch arms corresponding to the capacities of rank i+3 are configured to be in phase.

[0012] According to one variant: for the first capacitance of rank i=2, the corresponding switch arm is in phase with the switch arms corresponding to the second capacitances of rank i, and for the first capacitance of rank i=4+2n- 1, the corresponding switch arm is in phase with the switch arms corresponding to the second capacitances of rank i+3.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the first inductances have the same value L, and the second inductances have the same value between L / 2 and 2L.

[0014] According to one variant, each second inductance comprises two inductances in series, each having the same value between L / 4 and L.

[0015] According to one embodiment, each second voltage source comprises two voltage sources in series, each configured to deliver a voltage equal to that of the first voltage sources.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the first voltage sources are each a cell of the same voltage source, the second voltage source(s) being formed by two cells in series.

[0017] According to one variant, the first and second voltage sources are cells from the same photovoltaic panel or the same fuel cell or the same electrolyzer or the same battery.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the switch arms are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner, with two successive switch arms being configured to be controlled with opposite complementarities.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the switch arms corresponding to the first capacities are configured to be controlled in a way complementary, the switch arm corresponding to the first capacitance of rank i=2 being configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm corresponding to the first capacitance of rank i=4+2n-1.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the switch arms corresponding to the second capacities are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner, the switch arm corresponding to the second capacity of rank i being configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm corresponding to the second capacity of rank i+3.

[0021] The invention further relates to a method of supplying an electrical installation from voltage sources configured to deliver a voltage V each, said method comprising the use of an electrical supply system according to the invention, the voltage sources belonging to the first and second arms of the converter, the electrical installation being connected between the first and second ends of the capacitance arm. Brief description of the figures

[0022] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples, will clearly explain the nature of the invention and how it can be implemented. Regarding the accompanying figures:

[0023] Figure 1 represents a first example of an electrical power supply system according to the invention;

[0024] Figure 2 represents a variant of the first example of an electrical power supply system;

[0025] Figure 3 represents a power supply system that is not part of the invention;

[0026] Figure 4 represents the duty cycle, voltages, and currents acquired during the operation of the electrical power supply system in the figure. 2;

[0027] Figure 5 represents the duty cycle, voltages, and currents acquired during the operation of the electrical power supply system shown in the figure.

[0028] Figure 6 represents a second example of an electrical power supply system according to the invention;

[0029] Figure 7 represents a third example of a power supply system according to the invention. Detailed description

[0030] A first example 100 of an electrical power supply system according to the invention will be described with reference to Figure 1.

[0031] The power supply system 100 comprises a capacitor arm 110. In particular, within the context of this application, an "arm" of electronic components means a series of electronic components of the same type, connected one after the other, without excluding the possibility that some or all of them may also be connected to other components outside the arm. Specifically, an end of the arm means an extreme electrical terminal of the arm. The power supply system 100 is configured to deliver a DC voltage Vbus between a first end 110a and a second end 110b of the capacitor arm 110.

[0032] According to the invention, the capacitance arm 110 comprises 4+2n capacities, n being a natural number. In other words, n can take one of the integer values ​​0, 1, 2, 3.... In example 100 illustrated in figure 1, n is equal to 0: the capacitance arm 110 therefore comprises 4 capacities C1, C2, C3, C4.

[0033] A switch arm, T1, T2, T3, T4 respectively, is connected to the terminals of each capacitor C1-C4. Specifically, each switch arm T1-T4 comprises two switches. The switches are, for example, transistors, such as field-effect transistors, including those with an intrinsic parallel diode.

[0034] The midpoint of each arm of switches T1-T4 is connected to an electrical branch. The connections of the midpoints of the arms of switches T1-T4 will be described, considering the capacitances Ci from the first end 110a of the arm with capacitances 110 to the second end 110b of the arm with capacitances 110, i being a natural number between 1 and 4+2n, that is, for the first example 100, between 1 and 4.

[0035] For initial capacities C2, C3 having ranks i=2 and i=4+2n-1, that is, for the first example 100, i=2 and i=3, the midpoint of the arm Each switch arm, T2, T3, is connected to a first branch, B2, B3. The first branch, B2, corresponding to the first second-order capacitor, C2, is connected to the first end, 110a, of the capacitor arm, 110. The first branch, B3, corresponding to the third capacitor, C3, is connected to the second end, 110b, of the capacitor arm, 110. In other words, each first branch, B2, B3, has one end connected to the midpoint of its corresponding switch arm and its other end connected to either the first end, 110a, or the second end, 110b, of the capacitor arm, 110. Furthermore, each first branch, B2, B3, includes a first DC voltage source, PV2, PV3, configured to deliver a voltage of value V, and a first inductor, L2, L3. In each first branch, B2, B3, the first voltage source, PV2, PV3, is in series with the first inductor, L2, L3.

[0036] For second capacitors with an odd rank i, other than 4 + 2n - 1, a second branch B14 connects the midpoint of the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i with the midpoint of the switch arm T4 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i + 3. Specifically, only one second branch B14 connects the midpoint of the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i with the midpoint of the switch arm T4 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i + 3. In other words, in the first example 100, a second capacitor C1 has an odd rank i = 1, and a second branch B14 connects the midpoint of the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance C1 of rank i = 1 with the midpoint of the switch arm T4 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i + 3 = 4. The second branch B14 includes a second DC voltage source PV14 configured to deliver a voltage of 2 x V and a second inductor L14.The second voltage source PV14 is in series with the second inductor L14.

[0037] We can choose to reduce the size of the second inductor L14 at the expense of ripple reduction, thus reducing the overall size of the power supply system 100. Specifically, the first inductors L2 and L3 have the same value L; and the second inductor L14 has a value between L / 2 and 2L. In particular, with a value of 2L, the second inductor L14 reduces current ripple by a factor of 4; and with a value of L / 2, the second inductor does not reduce it. not to reduce current ripple but it has a reduced size, which improves the efficiency of the power supply system 100. The intermediate values ​​between L / 2 and 2L allow for adjusting a compromise between ripple reduction and the size of the second inductor L14.

[0038] The second inductor L14 can be a single inductor. Alternatively, the second inductance L14 can be formed by two inductances L1, L4 in series, each having a value between L / 4 and L.

[0039] The arrangement of the switches, capacitors C1-C4 and inductors L2, L3, L14 allows a voltage delivered by the first voltage sources PV2, PV3 and the second voltage source PV14 to be converted into a supply voltage for a load, for example a battery, connected between the first end 110a and the second end 110b of the capacitance arm 110. In particular, this arrangement forms a power converter, specifically a boost converter which allows a higher output voltage to be delivered than that of the first PV2, PV3 and second PV14 voltage sources.

[0040] The arrangement of the switches, capacitors C1-C4, and inductors L2, L3, and L14 allows for voltages across the switches that are lower than those of switches in a prior art circuit where a single voltage source, equivalent to the first voltage sources PV2 and PV3 and the second voltage source PV14, is connected to a single switch arm. The power supply system 100 allows the switches to be operated at half the voltage, thus reducing losses in the circuit.

[0041] In particular, the switch arms T1-T4 are controlled so that the capacitors C1-C4 have the same voltage Vc across their terminals. The first example 100 of a power supply system then allows the delivery of a voltage Vbus equal to 4Vc. Specifically, the power supply system 100 allows the delivery of the same voltage Vc across each capacitor C1-C4, which can be half the voltage V delivered by each first voltage source PV2, PV3. In particular, depending on a duty cycle D controlling the switch arms T1-T4, the voltage Vc across each capacitor C1-C4 takes a value between 1 and 0.5 times the voltage V delivered by each first voltage source PV2, PV3. Thus, the voltage between The voltage across the ends of each switch arm T1-T4 is between 1 and 0.5 times the voltage V. Therefore, the voltages across the switches are lower than those of switches in a prior art circuit where a single voltage source, equivalent to the first voltage sources PV2, PV3, and the second voltage source PV14, is connected to a single switch arm. The 100 power supply system allows the switches to be operated with voltages that can be half as high, thus reducing losses in the circuit.

[0042] By connecting the second branch B14 between the midpoint of switch arm T1, corresponding to the first-order capacitor, and the midpoint of switch arm T4, corresponding to the fourth-order capacitor, it is possible to independently control the potential across the second branch B14. Thus, during operation, switch arms T1 and T4, corresponding to the first-order capacitor C1 and the fourth-order capacitor C4, can be phase-shifted relative to each other. Furthermore, thanks to the first branches B2 and B3, it is possible to achieve reduced current ripple at the output of the power supply system compared to prior art, or to reduce the size of the power supply system compared to prior art.

[0043] According to a first variant of the first example 100 of a power supply system, the first voltage sources PV2, PV3 and the second voltage source PV14 are each an individual voltage source. For example, they could be photovoltaic panels, fuel cells, electrolyzers, or batteries, including rechargeable ones.

[0044] According to a second variant of the first example 100 of a power supply system, the first voltage sources PV2 and PV3 are each a cell from the same voltage source, and the second voltage source PV14 is formed by two cells PV1 and PV4 connected in series from this voltage source. In other words, the power supply system 100 uses a single voltage source that comprises several cells. In particular, the cells have identical voltages. The cells can belong to the same photovoltaic panel, the same fuel cell, the same electrolyzer, or the same battery, including a rechargeable one. By providing one switch arm per cell of the voltage source, the voltage seen can be reduced. by the switches compared to a prior art in which all the cells of the voltage source are connected to the same switch arm. Furthermore, by providing two cells PV1, PV4 in series in the second branch B14 connected between the midpoints of the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance C1 of rank 1 and the switch arm T4 corresponding to the capacitance C4 of rank 4, the current ripples at the output of system 100 can be reduced compared to the prior art, particularly at constant inductances, especially by adjusting a phase shift between the switch arms T1, T4 corresponding to the capacitance C1 of rank 1 and the capacitance C4 of rank 4. Thus, by judiciously arranging the cells of the voltage source, the power supply system 100 has improved efficiency compared to the prior art.

[0045] In particular, a 180° phase shift allows for the best possible reduction of current ripple, especially with constant inductances. This will be better understood by comparing the first example 100 of a power supply system with a power supply system 150 not part of the invention (visible in Figure 3).

[0046] Figure 2 illustrates, in a non-limiting manner, the second variant of the first example 100 of a power supply system. As illustrated in Figure 2, for example, a phase shift of 180° can be obtained by using two carriers having an angle of 180° between them to adapt the duty cycle D for the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance C1 of rank 1 on the one hand, and for the switch arm T4 corresponding to the capacitance C4 of rank 4 on the other.

[0047] Figure 3 shows the power supply system 150, which is not part of the invention. The power supply system 150 is identical to the first example 100, except that the midpoint of the switch arm T1, corresponding to the capacitance C1 of rank i=1, and the midpoint of the switch arm T4, corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3=4, are connected by two branches B1 and B4. One branch B1 comprises an inductor L1 and a cell PV1 of a series voltage source connected to the midpoint of the switch arm T1, corresponding to the rank 1 capacitance. One branch B4 comprises an inductor L4 and a cell PV4 of a series voltage source connected to the midpoint of the switch arm T4, corresponding to the rank 4 capacitance. The two branches B1 and B4 are connected to the node to which The capacitor C2 of rank i=2 and the capacitor C3 of rank i=3 are also connected.

[0048] The voltages and currents measured during operation of the first example power supply system 100 are shown in Figure 4.

[0049] View a) represents the duty cycles with which the switch arms T1-T4 are controlled. Starting from the bottom of the view, the curves respectively represent the duty cycle of switch arm T1 corresponding to capacitance of rank 1, the duty cycle of switch arm T2 corresponding to capacitance of rank 2, the duty cycle of switch arm T3 corresponding to capacitance of rank 3, the duty cycle of switch arm T4 corresponding to capacitance of rank 4.

[0050] Figure b) shows the voltage Vb1 measured across cell PV1 and the inductance L1 in series associated with the first-order capacitor, and the voltage Vb2 measured across cell PV4 and the inductance L4 in series associated with the fourth-order capacitor. Figure b) further shows the voltages V1, V2, V3, and V4 measured across cells PV1, PV2, PV3, and PV4 of the voltage source. The unit of the voltages shown is the volt.

[0051] View c) represents the currents il4, i2, i3 in Amperes flowing respectively through the second branch B14, the first branch B2 corresponding to the capacitance C2 of rank 2, and the first branch B3 corresponding to the capacitance C3 of rank 3.

[0052] The voltages and currents measured during operation of the power supply system150 not forming part of the invention are shown in Figure 5.

[0053] View a) is similar to view a) in Figure 4, but with different values.

[0054] Figure b) shows the voltage Va1 measured across cell PV1 and the inductance L1 in series associated with the first-order capacitor, and the voltage Va4 measured across cell PV4 and the inductance L4 in series associated with the fourth-order capacitor. Figure b) further shows the voltages V1, V2, V3, and V4 measured across cells PV1, PV2, PV3, and PV4 of the voltage source. The unit of the voltages shown is the volt.

[0055] View c) represents the same currents as view c) in Figure 4, but with different values.

[0056] As illustrated in view a) of Figure 5, the switch arm T1 corresponding to the first-order capacitor and the switch arm T4 corresponding to the fourth-order capacitor are phase-controlled, as are the switch arm T2 corresponding to the second-order capacitor and the switch arm T3 corresponding to the third-order capacitor. In view b), the voltages Va1 and Va4 across cells PV1 and PV4 are equal and vary between 100 and 200 V. The voltages V1, V2, V3, and V4 measured across cells PV1, PV2, PV3, and PV4 of the voltage source are equal, and in particular have a value of 127.5 V. In view c), the currents i1, i2, i3, and i4 flowing through branches B1, B2, B3, and B4 associated with capacitors C1-C4 are equal and vary periodically according to the duty cycle D.

[0057] Returning to Figure 4, view a), in the power supply system 100, the switch arm T1 corresponding to the first-order capacitor and the switch arm T4 corresponding to the fourth-order capacitor are controlled with a phase shift of 180°. As illustrated, for example, in view b), the voltages V1, V2, V3, V4 measured across the PV1, PV2, PV3, PV4 cells of the voltage source are equal, and in particular have a value of 127.5V. The 180° phase shift allows the frequency of the voltage Vb1 measured across the PV1 cell and the inductance L1 in series associated with the first-order capacitor to be doubled; and the voltage Vb2 measured across the terminals of cell PV4 and the inductance L4 in series associated with the 4th-order capacitor. This 180° phase shift also reduces the excursion of the voltages Vb1 and Vb2. In particular, the voltages Vb1 and Vb2 vary between 100 and 150V.As illustrated in view c), the current il 4 flowing in the second branch B14 connecting the midpoint of the arm corresponding to capacitance of rank i=1 and the midpoint of the arm corresponding to capacitance of rank i=4 varies periodically over a smaller current interval than in the power supply system 150, which is not part of the invention. Thus, the losses in the first example 100 of the power supply system are reduced.

[0058] The currents i2 and i3 flowing respectively in branch B2 corresponding to the capacitance of rank 2 and branch B3 corresponding to the capacitance of rank 3 vary similarly to the currents obtained in the power supply system 150, which is not part of the invention. However, branch B2 corresponding to the capacitance of rank 2 and branch B3 corresponding to rank 3 capacitance are notably controlled with a phase shift, in particular of 180°, to further reduce the ripples of the current delivered at the output of the power supply system 100.

[0059] In particular, to facilitate the control of the power supply system 100, the switch arm T2 corresponding to the first capacitance of rank 2 is in phase with the switch arm T1 corresponding to the second capacitance of rank 1; the switch arm T3 corresponding to the first capacitance of rank 3 is in phase with the switch arm T4 corresponding to the second capacitance of rank 4.

[0060] The phase shifts between the T1-T4 arms have been explained in relation to the second variant, but they apply similarly in the first variant.

[0061] Specifically, the switch arms T1-T4 are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. In other words, in each switch arm T1, T2, T3, T4, a first switch on one side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle D and a second switch on the other side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle 1-D.

[0062] In particular, two successive switch arms are configured to be controlled with opposite complementarities. Thus, for example, in switch arm T1 corresponding to the first-order capacitance C1, the bottom switch is controlled with a duty cycle D and the top switch is controlled with a duty cycle 1 - D. In switch arm T2 corresponding to the second-order capacitance C2, the switches are controlled with a complementarity that is opposite to the complementarity of switch arm T1 corresponding to the first-order capacitance C1. In other words, in switch arm T2 corresponding to the second-order capacitance C2, the bottom switch is controlled with a duty cycle 1 - D and the top switch is controlled with a duty cycle D.

[0063] Specifically, the switch arms T2 and T3, corresponding to the first two capacitors C2 and C3, are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. The switch arm T2, corresponding to the first second-order capacitor C2, is configured to be controlled in a complementary manner opposite to that of the switch arm T3, corresponding to the first third-order capacitor C3.

[0064] Specifically, the switch arms T1 and T4, corresponding to the second capacitances C1 and C4, are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. The switch arm T1, corresponding to the second capacitance C1 of rank 1, is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T4, corresponding to the second capacitance C4 of rank 4.

[0065] According to the invention, the capacitor arm 110 comprises 4+2n capacitors, where n is a natural number. In other words, n can take any of the integer values ​​0, 1, 2, 3... In a second example 200 of a power supply system according to the invention, n is equal to 1. This second example 200 is illustrated in particular in Figure 6. The capacitor arm 210 comprises 6 capacitors C1-C6, and corresponding switch arms and branches. This second example 200 is otherwise identical to the first example 100.

[0066] The 200 power supply system is configured to deliver a DC voltage between the first end 210a and the second end 210b of the 210 capacitor arm.

[0067] According to the invention, the capacitance arm 210 comprises 4+2n capacitances, where n is a natural number. In the example 200 of the power supply system, n is equal to 1: the capacitance arm 110 therefore comprises 6 capacitances C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6.

[0068] A switch arm T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 is connected to the terminals of each capacitor C1-C6. The midpoint of each switch arm T1-T6 is connected to an electrical branch. The connections of the midpoints of the switch arms T1-T4 will be described, considering the capacitors Ci from the first end 210a of the capacitance arm 210 to the second end 210b of the capacitance arm 210, i being a natural number between 1 and 4+2n, that is, for the second example 200, between 1 and 6.

[0069] For first capacitances C2, C5 having ranks i=2 and i=4+2n-1, that is, for the second example, i=2 and i=5, the midpoint of the switch arm T2, T5 is connected to a first branch B2, B5. The first branch B2, corresponding to the first capacitance C2 of rank 2, is also connected to the first end 210a of the capacitance arm 210. The first branch B5, corresponding to the fifth capacitance C5, is also connected to the second end 210b of the capacitance arm 210. In other words, each The first branch B2, B5 has one end connected to the midpoint of the corresponding switch arm and its other end connected to either the first end 21 Oa or the second end 21 Ob of the capacitor arm 210. Furthermore, each first branch B2, B5 includes a first DC voltage source PV2, PV5 configured to deliver a voltage of value V and a first inductor L2, L5. In each first branch B2, B5, the first voltage source PV2, PV5 is in series with the first inductor L2, L5.

[0070] For second capacitances with an odd rank i, other than 4+2n-1, a second branch B14, B36 connects the midpoint of the switch arm T1, T3 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i with the midpoint of the switch arm T4, T6 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3. In particular, only one second branch B14, B36 connects the midpoint of the switch arm T1, T3 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i with the midpoint of the switch arm T4, T6 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3. In other words, in the second example 200, a second capacitance C1 has an odd rank i=1, a second branch B14 connects the midpoint of the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance C1 of rank i=1 with the midpoint of the switch arm T4 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3=4. The second branch B14 includes a second DC voltage source PV14 configured to deliver a voltage of value 2 x V and a second inductor L14.The second voltage source PV14 is in series with the second inductor L14. Furthermore, in the second example 200, a second capacitor C3 has an odd rank i=3. A second branch B36 connects the midpoint of the switch arm T3 corresponding to the capacitance C3 of rank i=3 with the midpoint of the switch arm T6 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3=6. The second branch B36 includes a second DC voltage source PV36 configured to deliver a voltage of 2 x V and a second inductor L36. The second voltage source PV36 is in series with the second inductor L36.

[0071] In particular, as described previously in relation to the first example 100, the first inductances L2, L5 have the same value L; and the second inductances L14, L36 have the same value between L / 2 and 2L. Each second inductance L14, L36 can be a single inductance. Alternatively, the second inductance L14 can be formed by two inductances L1, L4 in series, each having a value between L / 4 and L; the second inductance L36 can be formed by two inductances L3, L6 in series, each having a value between L / 4 and L.

[0072] The second example 200 power supply system offers the same advantages as the first example 100 power supply system. However, the second example 200 power supply system delivers a higher voltage than the first power supply system 100.

[0073] Like the first example 100 of a power supply system, the second example 200 of a power supply system presents a first and a second variant, already described. Specifically, in the second variant, the second voltage source PV14 is formed by two cells PV1, PV4 in series with the voltage source; and the second voltage source PV36 is formed by two cells PV3, PV6 in series with this voltage source.

[0074] In particular, for each pair of second capacitances (C1, C4), (C3, C6) of rank i and rank i+3, the switch arm corresponding to the rank i capacitance and the switch arm corresponding to the rank i+3 capacitance are configured to be out of phase with each other, in particular with a phase shift of 180°, as already described in relation to the first example 100 of a power supply system.

[0075] Specifically, in the second example 200 of the power supply system, for all second-order capacities (C1, C4, C3, C6), the switch arms corresponding to the i-th capacitances are configured to be in phase, and the switch arms corresponding to the i+3 capacitances are configured to be in phase. That is, the T1 arm corresponding to the second-order capacity of rank 1 and the T3 arm corresponding to the second-order capacity of rank 3 are in phase; and the T4 arm corresponding to the second-order capacity of rank 4 and the T6 arm corresponding to the second-order capacity of rank 6 are in phase. This simplifies the control of the power supply system 200.

[0076] Specifically, as described previously in relation to the first example 100 of a power supply system, in the second example 200 of a power supply system, the T2 switch arm corresponding to the first capacitance of rank i=2 and the switch arm T5 corresponding to the first capacitance of rank i=4+2n-1=5 are configured to be out of phase with each other, to further reduce the ripples of the current delivered at the output of the power supply system 200.

[0077] In particular, as described previously in relation to the first example 100 of a power supply system, the switch arms T1-T6 are controlled so that the capacitors C1-C6 have the same voltage Vc across their terminals. The second example 200 of a power supply system then allows the delivery of a voltage Vbus equal to 6Vc. Specifically, depending on a duty cycle D controlling the switch arms T1-T6, the voltage Vc across each capacitor C1-C6 takes a value between 1 and 0.5 times the voltage V delivered by each of the first voltage sources PV2, PV5.

[0078] Specifically, the switch arms T1-T6 are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. In other words, in each switch arm T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, a first switch on one side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle D, and a second switch on the other side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle 1-D.

[0079] In particular, two successive switch arms are configured to be controlled with opposite complementarities. Thus, for example, in switch arm T1 corresponding to the first-order capacitance C1, the bottom switch is controlled with a duty cycle D and the top switch is controlled with a duty cycle 1 - D. In switch arm T2 corresponding to the second-order capacitance C2, the switches are controlled with a complementarity that is opposite to the complementarity of switch arm T1 corresponding to the first-order capacitance C1. In other words, in switch arm T2 corresponding to the second-order capacitance C2, the bottom switch is controlled with a duty cycle 1 - D and the top switch is controlled with a duty cycle D.

[0080] Specifically, the T2 and T5 switch arms corresponding to the first two capacities C2 and C5 are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. The T2 switch arm corresponding to the first C2 capacity of rank 2 is configured to be controlled with complementarity. opposite to that of the T5 switch arm corresponding to the first C5 capacitance of rank 5.

[0081] Specifically, the switch arms T1, T4, T3, and T6, corresponding to the second capacitances C1, C4, C3, and C6, are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. The switch arm T1, corresponding to the second capacitance C1 of rank 1, is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T4, corresponding to the second capacitance C4 of rank 4; the switch arm T3, corresponding to the second capacitance C3 of rank 3, is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T6, corresponding to the second capacitance C6 of rank 6.

[0082] According to the invention, the capacitor arm comprises 4+2n capacitors, where n is a natural number. In other words, n can take one of the integer values ​​0, 1, 2, 3.... In a third example 300 of a power supply system according to the invention, n is equal to 2. The third example 300 is illustrated in particular in Figure 7. The capacitor arm 310 comprises 8 capacitors C1-C8, and corresponding switch arms and branches.

[0083] The third example, 300, is otherwise identical to the second example, 200. In particular, as described previously in relation to the first example, 100, the first inductances L2 and L7 have the same value L; and the second inductances L14, L36, and L58 have the same value between L / 2 and 2L. Each second inductance, L14, L36, and L58, can be a single inductor. Alternatively, the second inductance, L14, can be formed by two inductances, L1 and L4, in series, each having a value between L / 4 and L; the second inductance, L36, can be formed by two inductances, L3 and L6, in series, each having a value between L / 4 and L; and the second inductance, L58, can be formed by two inductances, L5 and L8, in series, each having a value between L / 4 and L.

[0084] The 300 power supply system is configured to deliver a DC voltage between the first end 310a and the second end 310b of the 310 capacitor arm.

[0085] The third example 300 of a power supply system offers the same advantages as the first example 100 and the second example 200 of a power supply system. The third example 300 of a system However, the power supply allows for a higher voltage to be delivered than in the second power supply system 200.

[0086] Like the first example 100 and the second example 200, the third power supply system 300 presents a first and a second variant, already described. Specifically, in the second variant, the second voltage source PV14 is formed by two cells PV1, PV4 in series with the voltage source; the second voltage source PV36 is formed by two cells PV3, PV6 in series with this voltage source; and the second voltage source PV58 is formed by two cells PV5, PV8 in series with this voltage source.

[0087] In particular, for each pair of second capacitances (C1, C4), (C3, C6), (C5, C8) of rank i and rank i+3, the switch arm corresponding to the rank i capacitance and the switch arm corresponding to the rank i+3 capacitance are configured to be out of phase with each other, in particular with a phase shift of 180°, as already described.

[0088] In particular, in the third example 300 of a power supply system, for all second-order capacitors (C1, C4), (C3, C6), (C5, C8), the switch arms corresponding to the i-th capacitances are configured to be in phase, and the switch arms corresponding to the i+3 capacitances are configured to be in phase. That is, the arm T1 corresponding to the second-order capacitor of rank 1, the arm T3 corresponding to the second-order capacitor of rank 3, and the arm T5 corresponding to the second-order capacitor of rank 5 are in phase; and the arm T4 corresponding to the second-order capacitor of rank 4, the arm T6 corresponding to the second-order capacitor of rank 6, and the arm T8 corresponding to the second-order capacitor of rank 8 are in phase.

[0089] In particular, as described previously in relation to the first example 100 and the second example 200 of power supply system, in the third example 300 of power supply system, the switch arm corresponding to the first capacitance of rank i=2 and the switch arm corresponding to the first capacitance of rank i=4+2n-1=7 are configured to be out of phase with each other, to further reduce the ripples of the current delivered at the output of the power supply system 300.

[0090] In particular, as described previously in relation to the first example 100 of a power supply system, the switch arms T1-T8 are controlled so that the capacitors C1-C8 have the same voltage Vc across their terminals. The third example 300 of a power supply system then allows the delivery of a voltage Vbus equal to 8Vc. Specifically, depending on a duty cycle D controlling the switch arms T1-T8, the voltage Vc across each capacitor C1-C8 takes a value between 1 and 0.5 times the voltage V delivered by each first voltage source.

[0091] Specifically, the T1-T8 switch arms are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. In other words, in each T1-T8 switch arm, a first switch on one side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle D, and a second switch on the other side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle 1-D.

[0092] In particular, two successive switch arms are configured to be controlled with opposite complementarities. Thus, for example, in switch arm T1 corresponding to the first-order capacitance C1, the bottom switch is controlled with a duty cycle D and the top switch is controlled with a duty cycle 1 - D. In switch arm T2 corresponding to the second-order capacitance C2, the switches are controlled with a complementarity that is opposite to the complementarity of switch arm T1 corresponding to the first-order capacitance C1. In other words, in switch arm T2 corresponding to the second-order capacitance C2, the bottom switch is controlled with a duty cycle 1 - D and the top switch is controlled with a duty cycle D.

[0093] Specifically, the switch arms T2 and T7, corresponding to the first two capacitors C2 and C7, are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. The switch arm T2, corresponding to the first capacitor C2 of rank 2, is configured to be controlled in a complementary manner opposite to that of the switch arm T7, corresponding to the first capacitor C7 of rank 7.

[0094] Specifically, the switch arms T1, T4, T3, T6, T5, T8, corresponding to the second capacities C1, C4, C3, C6, C5, C8, are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. The switch arm T1 corresponding to the second capacitance C1 of rank 1 is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T4 corresponding to the second capacitance C4 of rank 4; the switch arm T3 corresponding to the second capacitance C3 of rank 3 is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T6 corresponding to the second capacitance C6 of rank 6; and the switch arm T5 corresponding to the second capacitance C5 of rank 5 is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T8 corresponding to the second capacitance C8 of rank 8.

[0095] In particular, in examples 100, 200, 300 of the power supply system according to the invention, considering the second capacitances Ci from the first end 110a, 210a, 310a of the capacitance arm 110, 210, 310 to the second end 110b, 210b, 310b of the capacitance arm 110, 210, 310 each corresponding switch arm is connected to only one other switch arm via a branch.

[0096] The value of n, that is to say the number n of capacitances, is in particular a function of the power of the first and second voltage sources and of the desired output voltage of the power supply system 100, 200, 300.

[0097] The switches of the 100, 200, 300 power supply system can be bidirectional, so the system circuit is reversible. Thus, when the voltage sources are rechargeable battery cells, they can be charged from a voltage delivered between the first end 110a, 210a, 310a and the second end 110b, 210b, 310b of the 110, 210, 310 capacity arm.

[0098] The power supply system according to the invention can be used in various applications where the voltage delivered by a plurality of voltage sources, particularly by cells from a single source, must be increased to reach a voltage range sufficient to power a load. For example, the power supply system can be used in an electrolyzer for the electrical generation of hydrogen, especially in high-power applications such as 1 MW or 10 to 100 MW. The power supply system can also be used for generating electrical power from a fuel cell, photovoltaic panels, or other renewable energy sources. The power supply system can be used For charging batteries, for example, a few watts in portable electronics, or around 1 kW for electric bicycles, or even 10 to 100 kW for electric vehicles. The power supply system can also be used in LED lighting installations, preferably high-power lighting for monuments, shows, stadiums, or other venues.

Claims

Demands

1. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) configured to deliver a DC voltage (Vbus) from a first end (110a, 210a, 310a) and a second end (110b, 210B, 310B) of a capacitor arm (110, 210, 310): said capacitor arm (110, 210, 310) comprising 4+2n capacitors, n being a natural number, each capacitor being connected to the ends of a respective switch arm, said power supply system being such that, from the first end (110a, 210a, 310a) of the capacitor arm to the second end (110b, 210B, 310B) of the capacitor arm, i being a natural number between 1 and 4+2n: for first capacitors having rank i=2, respectively i=4+2n- 1 , the midpoint of the corresponding switch arm is connected to a first branch comprising a first DC voltage source configured to deliver a voltage having a first value V and a first inductance in series,the first branch being connected to the first end (110a, 210a, 310a) of the capacitance arm, respectively to the second end (110b, 21Ob, 310b) of the capacitance arm; for second capacitances having an odd rank i other than 4+2n-1, the midpoint of the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i and the midpoint of the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3 are connected by a second branch comprising a second DC voltage source (PV14, PV36, PV58) configured to deliver a voltage having a value of 2 x V and a second inductor (L14, L36, L58) in series.

2. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to claim 1, wherein, for each pair of second rank i and rank i+3 capacitances, the switch arm corresponding to rank i capacitance and the switch arm corresponding to rank i+3 capacitance are configured to be out of phase with each other.

3. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to the preceding claim, wherein the switch arm (T2) corresponding to the first capacitance (C2) of rank i=2 and the switch arm corresponding to the first capacitances of rank i=4+2n-1 are configured to be out of phase with respect to each other.

4. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the phase shift(s) are 180°.

5. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, for all second capacities, the switch arms corresponding to rank i capacities are configured to be in phase, and the switch arms corresponding to rank i+3 capacities are configured to be in phase.

6. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to the preceding claim, wherein: - for the first capacitance (C2) of rank i=2, the corresponding switch arm (T2) is in phase with the switch arms corresponding to the second capacitances of rank i, and - for the first capacitance of rank i=4+2n- 1 , the corresponding switch arm is in phase with the switch arms corresponding to the second capacitances of rank i+3.

7. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first inductances have the same value L, and the second inductances (L14, L36, L58) have the same value between L / 2 and 2L.

8. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to the preceding claim, wherein each second inductance (L14, L36, L58) comprises two inductances (L1, L4, L3, L6, L5, L8) in series, each having the same value between L / 4 and L.

9. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each second voltage source (PV14, PV36, PV58) comprises two voltage sources (PV1, PV4, PV3, PV6, PV5, PV8) in series, each configured to deliver a voltage equal to that of the first voltage sources.

10. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first voltage sources are each a cell of the same voltage source, the second voltage source(s) (PV14, PV36, PV58) being formed by two cells (PV1, PV4, PV3, PV6, PV5, PV8) in series.

11. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to the preceding claim, wherein the first and second voltage sources are cells from the same photovoltaic panel or the same fuel cell or the same electrolyzer or the same battery.

12. Method of supplying an electrical installation from voltage sources configured to each deliver a voltage V, said method comprising the use of a power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, the voltage sources belonging to the first and second arms of the converter, the electrical installation being connected between the first end (110a, 210a, 310a) and the second end (110b, 210b, 310b) of the capacitor arm.

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