Construction machine quick-change device and construction machine

Abstract

Provided in the present disclosure is a construction machine quick-change device, which is used for achieving a quick releasable coupling between a main machine and an operation attachment, the quick-change device comprising: a main body (10) having a front end and a rear end in a longitudinal direction, the rear end having pin holes (12) penetrating therethrough; locking pins (20) which can longitudinally move along the pin holes (12) to releasably lock a rear pin shaft of an operation attachment between the outer ends of the locking pins (20) and the rear end of the main body (10); and a locking block (80), arranged at the front end of the main body (10), and used for receiving a front pin shaft of the operation attachment, wherein the locking block (80) can move up and down in the main body (10) to switch between an open state and a locked state, and the front pin shaft of the operation attachment can enter and exit the locking block (80) in the open state, and the front pin shaft of the operation attachment is locked between the locking block (80) and the front end of the main body (10) in the locked state.

Description

quick-change devices for construction machinery and construction machinery Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the technical field of quick-change devices for construction machinery, and more particularly to a quick-change device for construction machinery. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, quick-change devices have been widely used in construction machinery such as excavators and loaders. Using quick-change devices, it is possible to quickly and easily switch between the main machine and different working attachments. Especially in the demolition industry, an excavator needs to frequently change hydraulic shears, grapples, buckets, breakers, etc., and quick-change devices can improve work efficiency.

[0003] The widespread use of quick-change attachments has brought about some safety issues. When operators connect work attachments to the excavator, they assume the attachments are securely locked by the quick-change mechanism after the connection is complete. However, due to various factors, problems often arise such as the front pin not engaging properly or the rear pin not locking properly. In such cases, simply lifting the excavator arm will cause the work attachments to fall to the ground. To solve these problems, a safer locking structure is needed for quick-change attachments.

[0004] The quick-change locking mechanism cannot achieve mechanical self-locking. When the drive mechanism of the safety locking system malfunctions, there is still a risk that the attachment will fall to the ground.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical deficiencies, this disclosure provides a quick-change device for engineering machinery, used to achieve a quick and releaseable locking between the main machine and the working attachment, comprising:

[0007] The main body has a front end and a rear end along the longitudinal direction, with a through pin hole at the rear end;

[0008] A locking pin, longitudinally movable along a pin hole, releasably locks the rear pin of the working attachment between the outer end of the locking pin and the rear end of the body; and

[0009] A locking block, used to receive the front pin of the working attachment, is arranged at the front end of the main body. The locking block can move up and down in the main body to switch between an open state and a locked state. In the open state, the front pin of the working attachment can move in and out of the locking block. In the locked state, the front pin of the working attachment is locked between the locking block and the front end of the main body.

[0010] In some embodiments, the quick-change device for engineering machinery includes a drive mechanism located between the rear end of the main body and the locking block, and includes a first drive part and a second drive part capable of linearly moving in opposite directions along the longitudinal direction. The first drive part is capable of driving the locking block to move upward in the main body, and the second drive part is capable of driving the locking pin to move longitudinally.

[0011] In some embodiments, the quick-change device for construction machinery includes a reset elastic element that abuts against the locking block from below to bias the locking block upward.

[0012] In some embodiments, the main body is provided with a slide groove, the reset elastic element is located in the slide groove, the locking block is provided with a protrusion, the protrusion is slidably arranged in the slide groove, the reset elastic element is located in the slide groove and its top end abuts against the protrusion.

[0013] In some embodiments, the rigidity of the reset elastic element is low, such that when the locking block is only subjected to the weight of the working attachment, the reset elastic element is compressed by the weight of the working attachment to the point that the locking block is in the open state.

[0014] In some embodiments, the rigidity of the reset elastic element is high, such that when the locking block only bears the weight of the working attachment, the weight of the working attachment is insufficient to compress the reset elastic element to the point that the locking block is in the open state.

[0015] In some embodiments, the quick-change device for construction machinery includes a lower push member, which is fixedly connected to a first drive unit and can extend and retract as the first drive unit moves longitudinally. When the lower push member is extended, it pushes the bottom of the locking block upward, causing the locking block to move upward to a locked state. When the lower push member is retracted, it disengages from contact with the locking block.

[0016] In some embodiments, the lower top member is fixedly connected to the first driving part via a first connecting plate.

[0017] In some embodiments, the body is provided with a lower top member mounting hole through which the lower top member is longitudinally movable to abut against and push the bottom of the locking block.

[0018] In some embodiments, the quick-change device for construction machinery includes an anti-loosening spring disposed between the front end of the main body and the second drive unit.

[0019] In some embodiments, the second drive unit is provided with a through hole aligned with the pin hole, the inner end of the locking pin passes through the pin hole and the through hole in sequence and extends out of the second drive unit, and one end of the anti-loosening spring is fitted onto the inner end of the locking pin.

[0020] In some embodiments, the quick-change device for construction machinery includes an upper push member, which is fixedly connected to a second drive unit and is longitudinally movable with the second drive unit to extend and retract. When the upper push member is extended, it presses the top of the locking block, causing the locking block to move downward to an open state. When the upper push member is retracted, it disengages from contact with the top surface of the locking block.

[0021] In some embodiments, the upper top member is fixedly connected to the second drive unit via a second connecting plate.

[0022] In some embodiments, the lower top member extends below the bottom of the locking block, causing the locking block to be in a locked state; or the upper top member extends above the top of the locking block, causing the locking block to be in the open state.

[0023] In some embodiments, the second drive portion is movably disposed on the body along the longitudinal direction and is fixedly connected to the inner end of the locking pin.

[0024] In some embodiments, the bottom of the locking block includes a lower inclined surface and a lower flat surface, and the top of the locking block includes an upper inclined surface and an upper flat surface; and

[0025] The end of the lower pusher is rounded, used to push the lower inclined surface upward when the lower pusher extends, so that the locking block moves upward in the main body. The lower pusher abuts against the lower plane, so that the locking block is in a locked state; or

[0026] The end of the upper pusher is rounded, which is used to press down on the upper inclined surface when the upper pusher extends to make the locking block move downward in the body. The upper surface abuts against the upper pusher, so that the locking block is in the open state.

[0027] In some embodiments, each of the two transverse ends of the second drive unit is provided with a limiting post, and each of the two transverse sides of the main body is provided with an elongated groove. The two limiting posts can slide along the two elongated grooves respectively, so that the second drive unit can move longitudinally relative to the main body.

[0028] In some embodiments, the locking block includes an arcuate recess for receiving the front pin of a working attachment. The outer end of the arcuate recess is provided with an outer guide ramp and an inner exit ramp. The outer guide ramp is configured to facilitate the front pin of the working attachment entering the arcuate recess, and the inner exit ramp is configured to facilitate the front pin of the working attachment exiting the arcuate recess.

[0029] In some embodiments, the first drive unit is a cylinder rod, and the second drive unit is a cylinder assembly, with the cylinder rod arranged in the cylinder assembly.

[0030] On the other hand, this disclosure provides a construction machinery, including a main unit, a working attachment, and the aforementioned construction machinery quick-change device. The working attachment is provided with a front pin and a rear pin, and the main unit is releasably connected to the working attachment through the construction machinery quick-change device.

[0031] This disclosure improves at least one of the following technical defects: unreliable locking of the quick-change device and complex structure of the locking system; and the technical defect of locking failure when the drive mechanism malfunctions. Attached Figure Description

[0032] By convention, the various features in the following figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. The dimensions of the various features and elements in the figures may be enlarged or reduced to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the main unit, quick-change device, and working attachments of the construction machinery.

[0034] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the quick-change device for engineering machinery as seen from the top.

[0035] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the quick-change device for engineering machinery, viewed from the bottom.

[0036] Figure 4 is an exploded view of the components of the quick-change device for engineering machinery;

[0037] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the quick-change device for engineering machinery;

[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the quick-change device for engineering machinery in an unconnected state;

[0039] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the quick-change device for engineering machinery in the connected state;

[0040] Figures 8(a) and 8(b) are respectively the end view and perspective view of the locking block of the quick-change device for engineering machinery; and

[0041] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the force state of the locking block of the quick-change device for engineering machinery.

[0042] Reference numerals: 1, quick-change device for engineering machinery; 2, main unit; 3, working attachment; 10, main body; 12, pin hole; 13, slide groove; 14, slender groove; 20, locking pin; 30, drive mechanism; 40, anti-loosening spring; 50, first connecting plate; 70, reset elastic element; 80, locking block; 87, protrusion; 31, first drive part; 32, second drive part; 322, through hole; 323, second connecting plate; 321, limiting post; 90, lower pusher; 88, outer guide slope; 89, inner guide slope; 100, upper pusher. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Referring to the accompanying drawings and by reading the following detailed description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand the technical advantages of the various embodiments. All embodiments discussed above, individually and in various combinations, are within the scope of this disclosure. It should be noted that in the description of this disclosure, the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and not as requiring this disclosure to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure. The terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," and "lower" used in the description of this disclosure refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" respectively refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component.

[0044] This disclosure relates to an engineering machinery, as shown in Figure 1. The engineering machinery includes an engineering machinery quick-change device 1, a main unit 2, and a working attachment 3. The quick-change device 1 is used to realize a quick and releasable connection and locking between the main unit 2 and the working attachment 3. The main unit 2 is releasably connected to the upper part of the engineering machinery quick-change device 1, and the working attachment 3 is releasably connected to the lower part of the engineering machinery quick-change device 1.

[0045] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the upper part of the quick-change device 1 is provided with a front connecting pin 101 and a rear connecting pin 102 for releasable connection with the main body of the construction machinery (e.g., the digging arm of an excavator); the top of the working attachment 3 is provided with a front pin 301 and a rear pin 302. The lower structure of the quick-change device 1 is provided with components for releasable locking with the working attachment 3. The lower part of the quick-change device 1 can be releasably locked with the front pin 301 and the rear pin 302 of the working attachment 3, realizing a quick and releasable connection between the quick-change device 1 and the working attachment 3.

[0046] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3, the quick-change device 1 includes a main body 10, a locking pin 20, and a locking block 80. The main body 10 has a front end and a rear end along the longitudinal direction, and the rear end is provided with a through pin hole 12. The locking pin 20 is longitudinally movable along the pin hole 12 to releasably lock the rear pin 302 of the working attachment 3 between the outer end of the locking pin 20 and the rear end of the main body 10. The locking block 80 is configured to receive the front pin 301 of the working attachment 3, is arranged at the front end of the main body 10, and is movable up and down in the main body 10 to switch between an open state and a locked state. In the open state, the front pin 301 of the working attachment can move in and out of the locking block 80. In the locked state, the front pin 301 of the working attachment is locked between the locking block 80 and the front end of the main body 10.

[0047] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the quick-change device 1 includes a drive mechanism 30 located between the rear end of the main body 10 and the locking block 80, and includes a first drive part 31 and a second drive part 32 capable of linearly moving in opposite directions along the longitudinal direction. The first drive part 31 can drive the locking block 80 to move upward in the main body 10, and the second drive part 32 can drive the locking pin 20 to move longitudinally.

[0048] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, the first drive unit 31 is a cylinder rod, the second drive unit 32 is a cylinder assembly, and the cylinder rod is arranged in the cylinder assembly.

[0049] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, the quick-change device includes a reset elastic element 70, which is located between the body 10 and the locking block 80 and abuts against the locking block 80 from below to bias the locking block 80 upward. The reset elastic element 70 may be a spring.

[0050] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, the quick-change device for engineering machinery includes a main body 10, a locking pin 20, a drive mechanism 30, an anti-loosening spring 40, a first connecting plate 50, a fixing plate 60, a reset elastic element 70, a locking block 80, a lower pusher 90, and an upper pusher 100. The locking pin 20 is installed in the pin hole 12 of the main body 10 and can slide back and forth longitudinally in the main body 10; the inner end of the second drive part 32 is fixedly connected to the two locking pins 20 and is acted upon by the two anti-loosening springs 40; the first drive part 31 is fixedly connected to the lower pusher 90 through the first connecting plate 50; the reset elastic element 70 is installed on the main body 10 through the fixing plate 60; the locking block 80 is installed in the main body 10 and can slide up and down in the main body 10, while being acted upon by the two reset elastic elements 70; the upper pusher 100 is fixedly connected to the second drive part 32.

[0051] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 5-7, the main body 10 is provided with a slide groove 13, the reset elastic member 70 is located in the slide groove 13, the locking block 80 is provided with a protrusion 87, the protrusion 87 is slidably arranged in the slide groove 13, the reset elastic member 70 is located in the slide groove 13 and its top end abuts against the protrusion 87.

[0052] In some embodiments, the rigidity of the reset elastic member 70 is low, such that when the locking block 80 is only subjected to the weight of the working attachment, the reset elastic member 70 is compressed by the weight of the working attachment to the point that the locking block 80 is in the open state.

[0053] In some embodiments, the stiffness of the reset elastic member 70 is configured to be relatively small, that is, when the locking block 80 only bears the weight of the working attachment, the reset elastic member 70 is compressed by the weight of the working attachment to make the locking block 80 open, as shown in FIG6, but without the top member 100 installed, the operation process of the quick-change device 1 is as follows:

[0054] (1) Quick-connect process

[0055] Operate the drive mechanism 30 to retract the first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32. At this time, the locking pin 20 and the lower push member 90 retract, and the locking block 80 is locked under the action of the reset elastic member 70.

[0056] Operate the quick-change device 1 to engage the front pin 301 with the front pin 11 on the main body 10. Due to the low rigidity of the reset elastic element 70, it interacts with the front pin 301 through the external guide inclined surface 88 on the locking block 80. The reset elastic element 70 is compressed, and the front pin 301 will enter the arc-shaped recess 81 in the locking block 80.

[0057] Operate the quick-change device 1 to move it into position relative to the working attachment 3. Operate the drive mechanism 30 to extend the first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32. At this time, the second drive part 32 drives the locking pin 20 to lock the rear pin 302. The first drive part 31 drives the lower pusher 90 to abut against the locking block 80 to lock the front pin 301. The first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32 move in opposite directions along the longitudinal direction. Due to the action of the anti-loosening spring 40, the second drive part 32 moves into position before the first drive part 31.

[0058] (2) Quick-change disengagement process

[0059] The operation of the drive mechanism 30 causes the first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32 to retract, the locking pin 20 and the lower push member 90 to retract, and the locking block 80 to be locked under the action of the reset elastic member 70.

[0060] Operate the quick-change device 1 to move the locking pin 20 away from the connection position, causing the front pin 301 to disengage from the front pin engagement interface 11 of the main body 10. Due to the low rigidity of the reset elastic element 70, it interacts with the front pin 301 through the inner guide slope 89 on the locking block 80, compressing the reset elastic element 70. The front pin 301 will then slide out of the arc-shaped recess 81 of the locking block 80. This completes the rapid separation of the quick-change device 1 from the working attachment 3.

[0061] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, the rigidity of the reset elastic member 70 is relatively large, such that when the locking block 80 only bears the weight of the working attachment, the weight of the working attachment is insufficient to compress the reset elastic member 70 to the point that the locking block 80 is in the open state.

[0062] In some embodiments, the stiffness of the reset elastic member 70 is configured to be relatively large, that is, when the locking block 80 only bears the weight of the working attachment, the weight of the working attachment is insufficient to compress the reset elastic member 70 to the point that the locking block 80 is in the open state, and the upper push member 100 is installed. Referring to Figures 6 and 7, the operation process of the quick-change device 1 is as follows:

[0063] (1) Quick-connect process:

[0064] Operate the drive mechanism 30 to retract the first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32, retract the locking pin 20 and the lower push member 90, extend the upper push member 100, and the locking block 80 is in the open state under the action of the upper push member 100.

[0065] Operate the quick-change device 1 to engage the front pin 301 with the front pin 11 of the main body 10. Since the locking block 80 is in the open state, the front pin 301 can be easily inserted and accommodated in the locking block 80.

[0066] Operate the quick-change device 1 to move it into position relative to the working attachment 3. Operate the drive mechanism 30 to extend the first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32. The first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32 move longitudinally in opposite directions. Due to the presence of the anti-loosening spring 40, the second drive part 32 moves into position earlier than the first drive part 31. Specifically, the second drive part 32 will first drive the locking pin 20 to extend and lock the rear pin 302, and drive the upper pusher 100 away from the locking block 80. At this time, the locking block 80 is locked under the action of the reset elastic member 70. Then, the first drive part 31 will drive the lower pusher 90 to extend and abut against the locking block 80, further ensuring that the locking block 80 is reliably locked.

[0067] (2) Quick disconnection process:

[0068] The operating drive mechanism 30 retracts the first drive unit 31 and the second drive unit 32. Due to the presence of the anti-loosening spring 40, the first drive unit 31 moves into position earlier than the second drive unit 32. Specifically, the first drive unit 31 will first move away from the locking block 80. At this time, the locking block 80 is still locked under the action of the reset elastic member 70. Then, the second drive unit 32 will drive the locking pin 20 to retract, thereby releasing the rear pin 302, and will also drive the upper push member 100 to extend, so that the locking block 80 overcomes the force of the reset elastic member 70, and the locking block 80 is in the open state under the action of the upper push member 100.

[0069] Operate the quick-change device 1 to move the locking pin 20 away from the connection position. Continue to operate the quick-change device 1 to disengage the front pin shaft hook interface 11 of the main body 10 from the front pin shaft 301. This completes the quick disengagement between the quick-change device 1 and the working attachment 3.

[0070] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 4, 6, and 7, the quick-change device 1 includes a lower push member 90, which is fixedly connected to the first drive unit 31 and can extend and retract as the first drive unit 31 moves longitudinally. When the lower push member 90 is extended, it pushes the bottom of the locking block 80 upward, causing the locking block 80 to move upward to a locked state. When the lower push member 90 is retracted, it disengages from contact with the bottom of the locking block 80.

[0071] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 4, 6 and 7, the lower top member 90 is fixedly connected to the first drive unit 31 via the first connecting plate 50.

[0072] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 5-7, the main body 10 is provided with a lower top member mounting hole 151, through which the lower top member 90 is longitudinally movable to abut against and push the bottom of the locking block 80.

[0073] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the quick-change device includes an anti-loosening spring 40, which is arranged between the front end of the main body 10 and the second drive part 32.

[0074] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the second drive unit 32 is provided with a through hole 322 aligned with the pin hole 12, and the inner end of the locking pin 20 passes through the pin hole 12 and the through hole 322 in sequence to extend out of the second drive unit, and one end of the anti-loosening spring 40 is fitted onto the inner end of the locking pin 20.

[0075] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 4 and 6-7, the quick-change device includes an upper push member 100, which is fixedly connected to the second drive unit 32 and is longitudinally movable with the second drive unit 32 to extend and retract. When the upper push member 100 is extended, it presses the top of the locking block 80, causing the locking block 80 to move downward to the open state. When the upper push member 100 is retracted, it disengages from contact with the top of the locking block 80.

[0076] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 4 and 6-7, the upper top member 100 is fixedly connected to the second drive unit 32 via the upper top member mounting plate 323.

[0077] In some embodiments, the lower top member 90 extends through and is located below the bottom of the locking block 80, and the lower top member 90 supports the locking block 80 from below, so that the locking block 80 is in a locked state.

[0078] In some embodiments, the upper top member 100 extends through and above the top of the locking block 80, and the upper top member 100 presses the locking block 80 from above, so that the locking block 80 is in the open state.

[0079] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 8(a) and 8(b), the bottom of the locking block 80 includes a lower inclined surface 82 and a lower flat surface 83, and the top of the locking block 80 includes an upper inclined surface 84 and an upper flat surface 85; and the end of the lower push member 90 is rounded, used to push the lower inclined surface 82 upward when the lower push member 90 extends so that the locking block 80 moves upward in the body 10, the lower push member 90 moves longitudinally along the lower inclined surface 82, and then the lower push member 90 abuts against the lower flat surface 83 so that the locking block 80 is in a locked state.

[0080] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 8(a) and 8(b), the end of the upper push member 100 is rounded and used to press down on the upper inclined surface 84 when the upper push member 100 extends, so that the locking block 80 moves downward in the body 10. The upper push member 100 moves longitudinally along the upper inclined surface 84, and then the upper push member 100 abuts against the upper plane 85, so that the locking block 80 is in the open state.

[0081] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the second drive unit 32 is movably disposed on the main body 10 along the longitudinal direction and is fixedly connected to the inner end of the locking pin 20.

[0082] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, a limiting post 321 is provided at both ends of the second driving part 32 in the lateral direction, and a slender groove 14 is provided on both sides of the main body 10 in the lateral direction. The two limiting posts 321 can slide along the two slender grooves 14 respectively, so that the second driving part 32 can move longitudinally relative to the main body 10, thereby limiting the longitudinal movement range of the second driving part 32.

[0083] Specifically, when the drive mechanism 30 is operated to retract the first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32, due to the presence of the anti-loosening spring 40, the first drive part 31 moves a certain distance first, and then the second drive part 32 begins to move. The first drive part 31 moves to its position first, and the second drive part 32 continues to move until it is limited by the elongated groove 14, at which point the retraction movement is completely finished. When the quick-change device 1 and the working attachment 3 are not connected, when the drive mechanism 30 is operated to extend the first drive part 31 and the second drive part 32, due to the presence of the anti-loosening spring 40, the second drive part 32 moves first, and the first drive part 31 moves slightly later. The second drive part 32 continues to move until it is limited by the elongated groove 14, and then the first drive part 31 can be fully extended to its position.

[0084] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 8(a) and 8(b), the locking block 80 is configured to receive the front pin of a working attachment. The locking block 80 includes an arcuate recess 81 and an outer guide ramp 88 and an inner guide ramp 89 located at its outer end. The arcuate recess 81 is used to receive the front pin 301 of the working attachment. The outer guide ramp 88 is configured to facilitate the front pin 301 of the working attachment being guided from the outside into the arcuate recess 81 of the locking block 80. The inner guide ramp 89 is configured to facilitate the front pin 301 of the working attachment being guided from the arcuate recess 81 of the locking block 80 to the outside of the locking block 80.

[0085] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG5, the main body 10 is provided with two front pin shaft mounting interfaces 11, two pin holes 12, two sliding grooves 13, an elongated groove 14, and a lower top member mounting hole 15. The front pin shaft mounting interfaces 11 are connected to the front pin shaft 301 of the working attachment; the locking pin 20 can be inserted into the pin hole 12 and slide longitudinally back and forth; the protrusion 87 of the locking block 80 can slide up and down in the sliding groove 13; the elongated groove 14 provides sliding guidance and movement limit for the drive mechanism 30, and the lower top member 90 can move longitudinally back and forth in the lower top member mounting hole 151.

[0086] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, the outer end of the locking pin 20 is provided with a chamfered surface for locking connection with the rear pin 302; the inner end of the locking pin 20 is provided with a connecting thread for fixed connection with the drive mechanism 30. The drive mechanism 30 can be a hydraulic cylinder or other types of actuators. Taking a hydraulic cylinder as an example, the cylinder barrel located at the front end of the drive mechanism 30 serves as the second drive part 32, and is provided with a mounting hole for the locking pin 20, as well as a limiting post 321 and an upper pusher mounting plate 323. The limiting post 321 interacts with the elongated groove 14 of the drive mechanism on the main body 10 to limit the movement of the cylinder barrel in the drive mechanism 30; the upper pusher mounting hole 323 is used for the fixed installation of the upper pusher 100; the cylinder rod at the rear end of the drive mechanism 30 serves as the first drive part 31, and is fixedly connected to the lower pusher 90 through the first connecting plate 50. The cylinder barrel and cylinder rod of the drive mechanism 30 can move relative to each other, and the first connecting plate 50 can limit the movement of the cylinder rod of the drive mechanism 30. The fixing plate 60 is bolted to the main body 10. The bottom end of the reset elastic member 70 is mounted on the fixing plate 60, and the top end of the reset elastic member 70 abuts against the top of the locking block 80 to apply an upward biasing force to the locking block 80. The reset elastic member 70 can realize the reset of the locking block 80. The ends of the lower push member 90 and the upper push member 100 are provided with spherical structures to facilitate cooperation with other components.

[0087] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 8(a) and 8(b), the locking block 80 includes an arcuate recess 81, a lower inclined surface 82, a lower plane 83, an upper inclined surface 84, an upper plane 85, a guide post 86, a protrusion 87, an outer guide inclined surface 88, and an inner guide inclined surface 89. The arcuate recess 81 is used to receive the front pin 301.

[0088] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, the spherical surface at the end of the lower top member 90 acts on the lower inclined surface 82, thereby driving the locking block 80 to slide upward in the main body 10; the lower plane 83 cooperates with the lower top member 90, and when the lower top member 90 moves to the position of the lower plane 83, the locking block 80 moves upward until the locking block 80 is in a locked state, which can realize the self-locking of the structural position of the locking block 80 and the lower top member 90. The spherical surface at the end of the upper top member 100 acts on the upper inclined surface 84, thereby driving the locking block 80 to slide downward in the main body 10; the upper plane 85 cooperates with the upper top member 100, and when the upper top member 100 moves to the position of the upper plane 85, the locking block 80 moves downward to the limit position, at which time the locking block 80 is in an open state; the reset elastic member 70 is installed on the guide post 86, and when the upper top member 100 does not interact with the upper inclined surface 84 and the upper plane 85, the reset elastic member 70 can keep the locking block 80 in a locked state; the protrusion 8 7 slides up and down in the groove 13 of the main body 10; the outer guide slope 88 and the inner guide slope 89 cooperate with the front pin 301 in the working attachment 3. When the spring stiffness of the reset elastic element 70 is relatively small, the locking block 80 is in the locked state under the action of the reset elastic element 70. Through the action of the front pin 301 and the outer guide slope 88, the front pin 301 can smoothly cut into the arc-shaped recess 81. Through the action of the front pin 301 and the inner guide slope 89, the front pin 301 can smoothly cut out of the arc-shaped recess 81.

[0089] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 6 and 8(a) and 8(b), the quick-change device 1 is in an unconnected state, the cylinder rod, locking pin 20, and lower push member 90 of the drive mechanism 30 are retracted, and the upper push member 100 is extended. The upper push member 100 extends and abuts against the upper inclined surface 84, pushing the locking block 80 downward, and continues to extend and abut against the upper plane 85, so that the locking block 80 is in an open state. The opening size between the locking block 80 and the front end of the main body 10 is larger than the diameter of the front pin 301, so that the front pin 301 on the working attachment 1 can be freely inserted into the front pin mounting interface 11 on the main body 10.

[0090] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 7 and 8(a) and 8(b), the quick-change device 1 is in a locked state, the cylinder rod of the drive mechanism 30 extends, the locking pin 20 extends, the lower push member 90 extends, the upper push member 100 retracts, and the beveled surface at the outer end of the locking pin 20 locks the rear pin 302; the lower push member 90 extends and abuts against the lower inclined surface 82, pushing the locking block 80 to move upward, and continues to extend and abut against the lower plane 83, so that the locking block 80 is in a locked state. The opening size between the locking block 80 and the front end of the main body 10 is smaller than the diameter of the front pin 301, so that the front pin 301 of the working attachment 3 is locked in the front pin hanging interface 11 on the main body 10. Even if the locking pin 20 does not lock the rear pin 302, the working attachment 3 will not fall out of the quick-change device 1.

[0091] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG9, when the quick-change device 1 is in the connected locked state, the force analysis of the locking block 80 shows that when the front pin 301 on the working attachment 3 tends to detach from the front pin mounting interface 11 on the main body 10, the lower push member 90 extends horizontally along the longitudinal direction, and the locking block 80 will be subjected to three forces, including the longitudinal horizontal force F1 of the front pin 301, the vertical upward force F2 of the lower push member 90, and the force F3 of the slide groove 13. F3 is decomposed into a longitudinal horizontal component F1x and a vertical downward component F1y, making... F1x = F3 and F1y = F2, therefore the lower pusher 90 is not subjected to any force in the horizontal direction, that is, the lower pusher 90 will not retract due to the action of the front pin 301. Even if the drive mechanism 30 is damaged and the first connecting plate 50 is damaged, as long as the lower pusher 90 is installed in the lower pusher mounting hole 151 of the main body 10, the locking block 80 will not move downward and thus remain locked. Since the weight of the working attachment acts on the locking block 80, the cooperation between the locking block 80 and the lower pusher 90 realizes the mechanical self-locking between the quick change device 1 and the working attachment 3.

[0092] This disclosure provides a quick-change device for engineering machinery. The quick-change device and the front and rear pins of the working attachment are double-locked by a drive mechanism driving a locking block and a locking pin. After the front pin of the working attachment and the locking block on the quick-change device are locked in place, the structure can achieve mechanical self-locking, which improves the locking safety. Even if the drive mechanism fails or is damaged, the locking safety between the locking block and the front pin of the working attachment can still be guaranteed.

[0093] The foregoing description of this disclosure illustrates and describes some exemplary embodiments. Various additions, modifications, alterations, etc., may be made to these exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. All content contained in the foregoing description or shown in the accompanying drawings is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Furthermore, this disclosure shows and describes only selected embodiments of the disclosure; however, within the scope of the inventive concept expressed herein, in proportion to the foregoing teachings, and / or within the skill or knowledge of those skilled in the art, this disclosure can be used and modified in various other combinations, modifications, and environments. Moreover, certain features and characteristics of each embodiment may be optionally interchanged and applied to other illustrated and non-illustrated embodiments of this disclosure.

Claims

1. An engineering machine quick coupler (1) for enabling quick releasable locking between a host machine (2) and a work implement (3), comprising: a main body (10) having a front end and a rear end in a longitudinal direction, the rear end being provided with a through pin hole (12); a locking pin (20) being longitudinally movable along the pin hole (12) to releasably lock a rear pin shaft of the work implement between an outer end of the locking pin (20) and the rear end of the main body (10); and a locking block (80) for receiving a front pin shaft of the work implement, arranged at the front end of the main body (10) and being vertically movable in the main body (10) to switch between an open state in which the front pin shaft of the work implement can enter and exit the locking block (80) and a locked state in which the front pin shaft of the work implement is locked between the locking block (80) and the front end of the main body (10).

2. The engineering machine quick coupler (1) according to claim 1, comprising a drive mechanism (30) located between the rear end of the main body (10) and the locking block (80) and comprising a first drive part (31) and a second drive part (32) capable of linear motion opposite to each other along the longitudinal direction, the first drive part (31) being capable of driving the locking block (80) to move upward in the main body (10) and the second drive part (32) being capable of driving the locking pin (20) to be longitudinally movable.

3. The engineering machine quick coupler (1) according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a reset spring (70) located between the main body (10) and the locking block (80) and abutting against the locking block (80) from below to upwardly bias the locking block (80).

4. The engineering machine quick coupler (1) according to claim 3, wherein the main body (10) is provided with a sliding groove (13) in which the reset spring (70) is located, the locking block (80) is provided with a protrusion (87) which is slidably arranged in the sliding groove (13), the reset spring (70) is located in the sliding groove (13) and its top end abuts against the protrusion (87).

5. The engineering machine quick coupler (1) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the reset spring (70) has a relatively small stiffness such that, in the case that the locking block (80) only bears the weight of the work implement, the reset spring (70) is compressed by the weight of the work implement to a state in which the locking block (80) is in the open state.

6. The engineering machine quick coupler (1) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the reset spring (70) has a relatively large stiffness such that, in the case that the locking block (80) only bears the weight of the work implement, the weight of the work implement is not sufficient to compress the reset spring (70) to a state in which the locking block (80) is in the open state.

7. The quick coupler (1) according to any one of claims 2-6, comprising a lower lifting piece (90) fixedly connected with the first driving part (31) and longitudinally movable with the first driving part (31) to extend and retract, in the extended state of the lower lifting piece (90), the lower lifting piece (90) upwardly pushes against the bottom of the locking block (80) to move the locking block (80) upwardly to the locked state, in the retracted state of the lower lifting piece (90), the lower lifting piece (90) is out of contact with the locking block (80).

8. The quick coupler (1) according to claim 7, wherein the lower lifting piece (90) is fixedly connected with the first driving part (31) through a first connecting plate (50).

9. The quick coupler according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the main body (10) is provided with a lower lifting piece mounting hole (151) through which the lower lifting piece (90) is longitudinally movable to abut against and push against the bottom of the locking block (80).

10. The quick coupler (1) according to any one of claims 2-9, comprising an anti-loosening spring (40) arranged between the front end of the main body (10) and the second driving part (32).

11. The quick coupler (1) according to claim 10, wherein the second driving part (32) is provided with a through hole (322) aligned with the pin hole (12), the inner end of the locking pin (2) extends out of the second driving part through the pin hole (12) and the through hole (322) in sequence, and one end of the anti-loosening spring (40) is sleeved on the inner end of the locking pin (2).

12. The quick coupler (1) according to any one of claims 2-11, comprising an upper lifting piece (100) fixedly connected with the second driving part (32) and longitudinally movable with the second driving part (32) to extend and retract, in the extended state of the upper lifting piece (100), the upper lifting piece (100) pushes against the top of the locking block (80) to move the locking block (80) downwardly to the open state, in the retracted state of the upper lifting piece (100), the upper lifting piece (100) is out of contact with the top of the locking block (80).

13. The quick coupler (1) according to claim 12, wherein the upper lifting piece (100) is fixedly connected with the second driving part (32) through a second connecting plate (322).

14. The quick coupler (1) according to any one of claims 7-13, wherein the lower lifting piece (90) extends below the bottom of the locking block (80) to make the locking block (80) in the locked state; or the upper lifting piece (100) extends above the top of the locking block (80) to make the locking block (80) in the open state. ​ 15. The quick coupler (1) according to claim 14, wherein the bottom of the locking block (80) comprises a lower inclined surface (82) and a lower flat surface (83), and the top of the locking block (80) comprises an upper inclined surface (84) and an upper flat surface (85); and the end of the lower top piece (90) is rounded for pushing the lower inclined surface (82) upward when the lower top piece (90) is extended, so that the locking block (80) moves upward in the main body (10), and the lower flat surface (83) abuts against the lower top piece (90), so that the locking block (80) is in the locked state; or the end of the upper top piece (100) is rounded for pushing the upper inclined surface (84) downward when the upper top piece (100) is extended, so that the locking block (80) moves downward in the main body (10), and the upper flat surface (85) abuts against the upper top piece (100), so that the locking block (80) is in the open state.

16. The quick coupler (1) according to any one of claims 2-15, wherein the second driving part (32) is movably arranged on the main body (10) along the longitudinal direction and fixedly connected with the inner end of the locking pin (20).

17. The quick coupler (1) according to claim 16, wherein each lateral end of the second driving part (32) is provided with a limiting post (321), and each lateral side of the main body (10) is provided with an elongated slot (14), and the two limiting posts (321) are respectively slidable along the two elongated slots (14) to limit the longitudinal movement range of the second driving part (32).

18. The quick coupler (1) according to any one of claims 1-17, wherein the locking block (80) comprises an arc-shaped recess (81) for accommodating the front pin shaft of the work implement, and the outer end of the locking block (80) is provided with an outer lead-in inclined surface (88) and an inner lead-out inclined surface (89), the outer lead-in inclined surface (88) is configured to facilitate the lead-in of the front pin shaft of the work implement into the arc-shaped recess (81), and the inner lead-out inclined surface (89) is configured to facilitate the lead-out of the front pin shaft of the work implement from the arc-shaped recess (81).

19. The quick coupler (1) according to any one of claims 2-18, wherein the first driving part (31) is a cylinder rod, and the second driving part (32) is a cylinder barrel assembly, and the cylinder rod is arranged in the cylinder barrel assembly.

20. An engineering machine comprising a main machine (2), a work implement (3) and the quick coupler (1) according to any one of claims 1-19, the work implement (3) is provided with a front pin shaft (301) and a rear pin shaft (302), and the main machine (2) is releasably connected with the work implement (3) through the quick coupler (1). ​

Images