Method and measuring device and rail vehicle for such a method

Abstract

The invention relates, inter alia, to a method for metrologically determining the state of wheels, wheelsets and / or brake systems of rail vehicles (200) while forming state indications (ZA). According to the invention, a measuring device (10) temporarily attached to a first fastening interface (211) of a first rail vehicle (200) during maintenance and / or inspection determines the state metrologically while forming one or more first state indications (ZA).

Description

[0001] 202401207

[0002] 1

[0003] Description

[0004] Method as well as measuring device and rail vehicle for such a method

[0005] The invention relates to a method for measuring the condition of wheels, wheelsets and / or brake systems of rail vehicles, generating condition data.

[0006] Such procedures are commonly carried out during repair or maintenance. Maintenance personnel often use portable wheel profile measuring devices or brake disc measuring devices such as wear gauges or calipers, and the condition data manually recorded with these devices is manually entered into dedicated computer systems for further processing.

[0007] The invention is based on the objective of providing a method for generating state information that can be carried out with the least possible personnel effort and in a time-saving manner.

[0008] This problem is solved according to the invention by a method with the features according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

[0009] According to the invention, a measuring device temporarily attached to a first fastening interface of a first rail vehicle during maintenance and / or inspection determines the condition metrologically by generating one or more first condition data.

[0010] A significant advantage of the method according to the invention is that the metrological determination of the condition of the wheels, wheelsets and / or brake systems is carried out by the measuring device itself after its temporary attachment to the rail vehicle, and no maintenance personnel need to be involved. It can also be carried out in a time-saving manner if the measuring phases of the measuring device are integrated into the 202401207

[0011] 2

[0012] The measurements are taken during the operating phases of the rail vehicle, meaning that measurements normally carried out during maintenance or repair are performed during normal vehicle operation.

[0013] It is advantageous if the metrological determination of the first condition data in the maintenance interval takes place after completion of the maintenance and / or inspection and before the next maintenance and / or inspection, i.e. during the normal operation of the first rail vehicle and away from the maintenance and / or inspection location.

[0014] The metrological determination of the initial condition data can advantageously be carried out during the journey or at least also during the journey of the first rail vehicle.

[0015] Alternatively or additionally, and equally advantageously, the recording of the initial condition data can be carried out at a variety of different locations, each time when the vehicle is stationary and away from the maintenance and / or inspection site.

[0016] During the next or subsequent maintenance and / or inspection of the rail vehicle, the measuring device is preferably removed and temporarily attached to another second mounting interface belonging to the first rail vehicle or another second rail vehicle, and the condition of a second wheel and / or second wheelset and / or second brake system is preferably determined using the measuring device temporarily attached to the second mounting interface, generating one or more second condition readings.

[0017] The measuring device is preferably a laser-based measuring device with an optical interface for emitting and / or receiving laser radiation.

[0018] Before the start of each metrological condition assessment, a protective element protecting the optical interface from contamination is preferably removed from the optical interface and after the end of each metrological 202401207

[0019] 3

[0020] For condition assessment, the optical interface is preferably covered with the protective element.

[0021] The measuring device is preferably data-technically self-contained and data-technically separated from a vehicle control system, or in the case of multiple vehicle control systems, from all vehicle control systems of the rail vehicle.

[0022] The measuring device can preferably receive and process data available from the rail vehicle, in particular storing it together with the determined status information.

[0023] It is also advantageous if the measuring device is connected to a data storage device installed on the chassis, in particular on the bogie side, during maintenance and / or inspection, and the measuring device stores the determined status information in this data storage device, and the stored status data is read out from the data storage device during the next or any subsequent maintenance and / or inspection of the rail vehicle before, after or during the dismantling of the measuring device.

[0024] The procedure for determining the condition of the wheelsets using metrological methods can include determining the distance between the wheels.

[0025] The method for measuring the condition of the wheels can include determining the wheel width, the geometric wheel profile (for example, with regard to the clearance dimension, the flange height, the flange thickness, the flange flank dimension) and the surface condition of the wheels.

[0026] The method for measuring the condition of brake systems can include determining the brake disc thickness, the surface condition of the brake disc and / or disc profile.

[0027] The invention also relates to a measuring device for the metrological determination of the condition of wheels and / or braking systems of rail vehicles 202401207

[0028] 4. Forming status information. According to the invention, the measuring device is designed to carry out a method as described above and has a device-side mounting interface that allows the measuring device to be temporarily attached to mounting interfaces of the rail vehicles. Regarding the advantages of the measuring device according to the invention and advantageous embodiments of the measuring device according to the invention, reference is made to the above explanations in connection with the method according to the invention and its advantageous embodiments.

[0029] The measuring device is preferably a laser-based device and preferably comprises a laser scanner, in particular a laser line scanner and / or a movable point laser scanner. The laser scanner is preferably held within an outer housing of the measuring device by means of elastic, vibration-damping elements. The measuring device is preferably equipped with a heating element.

[0030] It is particularly advantageous if the measuring device includes an optical interface for emitting and / or receiving laser radiation.

[0031] A protective element is preferably associated with the optical interface, which covers the optical interface in the closed position and exposes the optical interface in the open position, enabling the emission and reception of laser radiation.

[0032] The protective element is preferably connected to an adjustment device that can selectively place the protective element in the open or closed position.

[0033] The measuring device is preferably equipped with a control unit that activates the adjusting device before each status measurement, thereby moving the locking element to the open position, and moves the locking element to the closed position after each status measurement. 202401207

[0034] 5

[0035] The control unit is preferably equipped with a programmed computing unit that is programmed in such a way that the measuring device can autonomously perform measurement steps to determine status information, either according to a schedule stored in the measuring device or in response to trigger signals received from outside.

[0036] The invention also relates to a rail vehicle. With regard to the rail vehicle, it is provided that it is equipped with at least one mounting interface that allows for the temporary attachment of a measuring device as described above and / or the execution of a method as described above. The rail vehicle is preferably temporarily equipped with a measuring device as described above.

[0037] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments; the following are shown as examples:

[0038] Fig. 1-2 shows an embodiment of a measuring device according to the invention, with reference to which embodiments of methods according to the invention are explained.

[0039] Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a chassis according to the invention, which is equipped with four measuring devices, for example the measuring devices according to Figures 1 to 2,

[0040] Fig. 4 shows the chassis according to Figure 3, however equipped with eight measuring instruments instead of four,

[0041] Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a rail vehicle according to the invention, which is equipped with measuring instruments, for example the measuring instruments according to Figures 1 to 2, and 202401207

[0042] 6

[0043] Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of a rail vehicle according to the invention, which is equipped with measuring instruments, for example the measuring instruments according to Figures 1 to 2.

[0044] For the sake of clarity, the same reference symbols are always used in the figures for identical or comparable components.

[0045] Figure 1 shows a top view of an embodiment of a measuring device 10, which is suitable for metrologically determining the condition of wheels and / or brake systems of rail vehicles by generating condition data ZA. Figure 2 shows the measuring device 10 according to Figure 1 in section along the section line 11-11 marked in Figure 1. The following explanations refer to both Figures 1 and 2.

[0046] The measuring device 10 is a laser-based measuring device 10 that includes a laser scanner 11. The laser scanner 11 can be, for example, a laser line scanner and / or a movable point laser scanner.

[0047] The laser scanner 11, together with a control unit 12 integrated into the measuring instrument that controls the laser scanner 11, is housed in a casing 13 of the measuring instrument 10. An optical interface 14 of the measuring instrument 10, and thus of the laser scanner 11, serves to emit the laser radiation L emitted by the laser scanner 11 and to receive reflected or backscattered components of the emitted laser radiation L.

[0048] The control unit 12 is preferably equipped with a programmed computing unit which is programmed in such a way that the measuring device 10 can autonomously perform measurement steps to determine status information ZA, either according to a schedule stored in the measuring device or in response to trigger signals received from outside.

[0049] A housing opening 13a of the housing 13, through which the laser radiation L leaves the housing 13 or the reflected or backscattered laser radiation L 202401207

[0050] To prevent the 7 from re-entering the housing 13, an adjustable protective element 15 is provided, which, in a closed position as shown in Figure 1, closes the housing 13 and preferably seals it hermetically by means of a gasket, and, in an open position, releases the housing opening 13a. An adjusting device 16 serves to adjust the protective element 15, which, in the embodiment according to Figures 1 and 2, comprises an actuator 16a located outside the housing 13 and a locking mechanism 16b also located outside the housing 13.

[0051] The adjustment device 16 is controlled by the control device 12, preferably in such a way that the control device 12 uses the adjustment device

[0052] 16 the protective element 15 is placed in the open position when the laser scanner is used

[0053] 11 a measurement is to be carried out, and otherwise, i.e. in phases without measurement activity, the protective element 15 remains in the closed position and protects the interior of the housing and thus in particular the optical interface 14 and the laser scanner 11 from dirt and moisture.

[0054] Particularly accurate measurement results can be achieved if the measurements of the laser scanner 11 are always carried out in the same temperature range; therefore, in the embodiment according to Figure 1, a heating device is also provided in the housing 13.

[0055] Heating element 17 is provided, which ensures a measurement temperature that is at least approximately within the specified temperature range, at least during the measurement phases of the laser scanner 11. Heating element 17 can operate independently or be controlled by the control unit 12.

[0056] The measuring device 10 is also equipped with a device-side mounting interface 18 (see Figure 2) which allows the measuring device 10 to be temporarily attached to a vehicle-side mechanical mounting interface 211 (see Figure 3) of a rail vehicle 200 not shown in Figures 1 and 2 and to be easily removed later.

[0057] The measuring device 10 or its laser scanner 11 together with the control unit

[0058] 12 are designed to be installed on the vehicle side after 202401207

[0059] 8

[0060] Mounting interface 211 is used to carry out a method for the metrological determination of the condition of wheelsets, wheels, and / or brake systems of railway vehicles by generating condition data (ZA). Methods for determining such condition data (ZA) using laser measuring devices are generally known, so reference is made to the prior art in this regard. Such condition data (ZA) can contain the recorded measured values ​​as raw data, the raw data in processed form, and / or information extracted from the raw data.

[0061] In one embodiment considered advantageous, the measuring device 10 is designed to be data-independent and includes its own memory, integrated, for example, in the control unit 12, in which the status data ZA can be stored and from which the stored status data ZA can later be read out by maintenance personnel, for example, during maintenance of the rail vehicle 200. In such a configuration, the measuring device 10 can be operated completely independently of all vehicle systems, so that no changes or adjustments to the vehicle systems are necessary, particularly with regard to tamper resistance. In this latter embodiment, the measuring device can include its own independent power supply.

[0062] In another embodiment considered advantageous, the measuring device 10 is equipped with a data interface on the device side, which enables a data connection to vehicle components, either for storing the status information ZA in the rail vehicle 200 and / or for transmitting other data, such as the vehicle speed during the measurement, from the rail vehicle 200 to the measuring device 10. In such an embodiment, the measuring device 10 can, for example, receive and process data available from the rail vehicle, in particular storing it together with the self-determined status information ZA in a memory integrated into the measuring device 10 and / or in a vehicle-side data storage device 216. 202401207

[0063] 9

[0064] The other data transmitted from the rail vehicle to the measuring device 10 are preferably data originating from the chassis, in particular chassis 210, on which the measuring device 10 is mounted and to whose condition the condition data ZA generated by the measuring device 10 refer.

[0065] In the measuring instrument 10 according to Figure 1, the protective element 15 is pivotable about a pivot axis 16c arranged inside the housing 13, so that the protective element 15 can be adjusted by pivoting; alternatively, the protective element 15 could be displaceable in the plane of the housing opening 13a, so that the protective element 15 could be adjusted by sliding.

[0066] Figure 2 shows that vibration-damping elements 19 may be present inside the outer housing 13, which keep the laser scanner 11 inside the housing 13 protected against vibration and shock.

[0067] Figure 3 shows a top view of a chassis 210 of a rail vehicle (not shown) equipped with mechanical mounting interfaces 211, each of which allows temporary attachment of the measuring device 10 described in connection with Figures 1 and 2. The chassis 210 is, for example, a bogie.

[0068] Figure 3 shows four measuring devices 10, each mounted on axially external mechanical mounting interfaces 211 of the chassis 210, relative to the axles 212 of the chassis 210. It can be seen that the beam axes S of the scan areas SB of the laser scanners 11 are each oriented perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X of the chassis, and that the scan areas SB are directed perpendicularly from the axial outside to the axial inside, so that the four measuring devices 10 each detect the axially outer side of the wheels 213 and thus generate condition data ZA related to the axially outer side.

[0069] The axially located, internal mechanical fastening interfaces 211 of the chassis 210, with respect to the axles 212 of the chassis 210, are not equipped with measuring devices 10. 202401207

[0070] 10

[0071] Figure 4 shows the chassis 210 according to Figure 3 in the same top view. It can be seen that, alternatively or additionally, the axially located mechanical fastening interfaces 211 of the chassis 210, with respect to the axles 212 of the chassis 210, can each be equipped with a measuring device 10, as described by way of example in connection with Figures 1 and 2.

[0072] Figure 4 also shows that the beam axis S of the scan area SB of the laser scanners 11 of the internally mounted measuring devices 10 are also oriented at an angle to the longitudinal axis X of the chassis, with the scan area SB being directed at an angle from axially inward to axially outward, so that the four internally mounted measuring devices 10 each detect the axially inward side of the wheels 213 and thus generate condition information ZA relating to the axially inward side.

[0073] If the brake systems 214 of the chassis 210 are to be measured, corresponding mechanical mounting interfaces 211 are to be provided near these brake systems 214 on the chassis 210 and these are to be equipped with corresponding measuring devices 10 at least temporarily.

[0074] The measuring devices 10, in particular their laser scanner 11 together with the control unit 12, are preferably each configured to perform, after mounting on the vehicle-side mounting interface 211, a method for metrologically determining the condition of wheelsets, e.g., in the form of the distance between the wheels 213, the wheels 213 as such, e.g., in the form of the wheel width, the geometric wheel profile (for example, with regard to the clearance dimension, the flange height, the flange thickness, the flange flank dimension, the wheel width, the surface condition) and / or the brake systems 214 (for example, with regard to brake disc thickness, surface condition of the brake disc, disc profile) by generating corresponding condition data ZA. Methods for determining such condition data ZA by means of laser measurements are generally known, so reference is made to the literature in this regard. 202401207

[0075] 11

[0076] Furthermore, the above statements relating to Figure 3 apply accordingly to the embodiment shown in Figure 4.

[0077] Figure 5 shows components of an embodiment of a rail vehicle 200 according to the invention, which is equipped with measuring devices 10, for example the measuring devices 10 according to Figures 1 and 2, in a simplified side view. A chassis 210 of the rail vehicle 200 is shown in more detail, which may, for example, be the chassis 210 shown in Figures 3 and 4.

[0078] The chassis 210 according to Figure 5 is equipped with a data storage device 216 installed on or in it, to which the measuring devices 10 mounted on the chassis 210 are connected, for example via a data connection DV. The measuring devices 10 can thus store the status information ZA they have determined in the chassis-side data storage device 216, either as an alternative to storage in the respective measuring device 10 or in addition to data storage in the respective measuring device 10. The data storage device 216 is preferably equipped with its own power source or is connected to such a power source, preferably provided on the chassis side; for the sake of clarity, such a power source is not shown further in Figure 5.

[0079] The measuring devices 10 can also exchange status information ZA with each other via the data connection DV and store it in only one of the measuring devices 10. This allows maintenance to read the status information ZA of all measuring devices 10 from one or each individual device 10, eliminating the need to read each device 10 individually. This latter aspect is particularly advantageous when the status information ZA is to be read from the measuring devices 10 and not from the chassis-side data storage 216. Furthermore, exchanging measured values ​​between the measuring devices 10 is advantageous when generating status information ZA based on measured values ​​from two or more measuring devices 10. For example, the wheel spacing between the two wheels 213 of the same axle can be determined using distance measurements that represent the distance between each of the two wheels and the respective assigned 202401207.

[0080] 12

[0081] The measuring device 10 is specified and calculated, taking into account the knowledge of the distance between the two measuring devices 10 or the distance between their mounting points 211.

[0082] The data storage device 216 installed in the chassis 210, as shown in Figure 5, is equipped with its own computing unit, in particular in the form of a processor, so that it can also be referred to as an intelligent data storage device 216. The data storage device 216 is connected to chassis-side sensors 215, which record chassis-side measured values, such as the rotation of the wheels 213 or a speed or acceleration derived therefrom.The additional storage of such supplementary measured values ​​enables a more detailed evaluation of the condition data ZA determined by the measuring devices 10: For example, for measurements carried out while driving at high speed, it can be taken into account that mechanical vibrations of the chassis 210 have influenced the condition data ZA, so that a larger tolerance value can be assigned to these than to condition data ZA that were determined when the vehicle was stationary or when driving at low speed.

[0083] Figure 6 shows components of a further embodiment of a rail vehicle 200 according to the invention, which is equipped with measuring devices 10, for example the measuring device 10 according to Figures 1 and 2, in a simplified side view. A chassis 210 of the rail vehicle 200 is shown in more detail, which may, for example, be the chassis 210 shown in Figures 3 and 4.

[0084] A data storage device 216 installed in the chassis 210 is equipped with a computing unit, in particular in the form of a processor, and is connected not only to chassis-integrated sensors 215, but also to a vehicle-integrated, external interface module 220. The chassis-integrated data storage device 216 can transmit to this interface module 220 the status information ZA received from the connected measuring devices 10, as well as the measured values ​​from the other chassis-integrated sensors 215, and other information.

[0085] 13, for example, the respective location of the rail vehicle 200, the direction of travel, the date, the time or weather data, are received; the data storage device 216 can store such received other information as corresponding status data ZA of the measuring devices 10.

[0086] The data connections DV described above between the data storage device 216 and the measuring devices 10, the data connections DV between the data storage device 216 and the chassis-integrated sensors 215, and the data connection(s) DV between the data storage device 216 and the external interface module 220 are preferably data and power connections, i.e., connections capable of transmitting not only data but also power. For example, the sensors 215 can be powered by the data storage device 216, the measuring devices 10 by the data storage device 216, and / or the data storage device 216 by the interface module 220 via such data and power connections. The data connections and / or data and power connections are preferably Ethernet connections.

[0087] In the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the interface module 220 is connected to a vehicle-side energy source 230, a diagnostic server 240 and a vehicle-side data source 250, which can provide, for example, the aforementioned other information, which can specify, for example, the respective location of the rail vehicle 200, the direction of travel, the date, the time or weather data.

[0088] The measuring device 10 described above can only be temporarily mounted on the vehicle-side mechanical mounting interfaces 211 of a rail vehicle by means of its device-side mounting interface 18 in order to carry out measurements; if no further measurements are desired on the respective rail vehicle, it can be dismantled and subsequently mounted on another rail vehicle for measurements on that other rail vehicle.

[0089] The above-described embodiments of measuring instruments, methods for using such measuring instruments, chassis and rail vehicles with such measuring instruments 202401207

[0090] 14 may exhibit one or more of the following characteristics or advantages listed in bullet points:

[0091] - Vehicle onboard wheel profile measurement and optionally wheel brake disc wear monitoring per wheel are possible using a number of commercially available optical laser line scanners or movable point laser scanners with sufficient resolution, each suitable for the application.

[0092] - The arrangement of the laser scanners is possible at an angle determined to the railway wheel and the wheel brake disc, so that the reference surface for wheel profile recognition and brake disc wear can be reliably determined.

[0093] - It is possible to mount the scanners in an impact-resistant, dust- and splash-proof protective housing with standardized connection interfaces towards the chassis, which includes a locking mechanism for the respective laser exit opening.

[0094] - The protective housing can be equipped with suitable damping elements to protect the laser scanner(s) against vibrations and oscillations.

[0095] - An optional heating device may be provided in the respective housing or in the laser scanner itself, in order to be able to operate the measuring system even at low temperatures and in winter.

[0096] - A preferably provided mechanical housing cover for the laser scanner can be opened and closed and is either electrically (or optionally pneumatically) controlled and protects the laser optics from contamination and damage outside of the measurement process.

[0097] - Suitable adapter brackets can be provided for adapting the onboard laser scanner housing to the respective type of rail vehicle chassis, which use the same interfaces on the protective housing side and thus ensure broad applicability.

[0098] - An independently operating data logger, control and evaluation computer unit with a hardware data interface, which is also housed in the chassis, may be provided.

[0099] Power supply can be provided via a suitable system battery on the measuring system itself, with sufficient lifetime capacity, and / or via a wired solution from the vehicle's battery system. 202401207

[0100] 15

[0101] - Cabling between the laser scanners and a data logger, control and evaluation computer unit may be provided.

[0102] - Suitable sensors can be provided in the control unit to trigger the respective measurement process in a suitable manner.

[0103] - An optional interface connection via Ethernet to the rail vehicle can be provided to read and evaluate important vehicle parameters that are important for assessing wheel wear, such as vehicle speed, mileage, date, time, tractive effort, etc.

[0104] - An operating and data evaluation algorithm for the data logger, control and evaluation computer unit may be provided.

[0105] - The system can be modularly designed, allowing for cost-effective individual adaptation to the vehicle.

[0106] - Power can be supplied either via a self-contained battery or alternatively via supply from the vehicle's battery network.

[0107] - A mobile onboard scanner system, which can be optionally equipped with wheel profile monitoring only, brake disc monitoring only, or both functional systems simultaneously, can be used in different vehicle fleets, only where there is a specific interest.

[0108] - It is possible to use a measuring system that is only carried on the vehicle for a predetermined representative period; this saves on monitoring costs.

[0109] - Due to its limited service life, the resulting measuring system does not need to be designed for the entire life cycle of the vehicle and can therefore be implemented more cost-effectively.

[0110] - Software integration into the vehicle is unnecessary, as it is preferably designed as an autonomously operating system; this saves integration and approval costs and increases the vehicle's data security.

[0111] - Access to the data logger can be achieved directly on the system via a separate interface.

[0112] - The measuring system can be flexibly deployed wherever it is most economically advantageous.

[0113] - The measuring system enables optimal reprofiling and brake disc adjustment in the SMO vehicle fleets under identical operating conditions. 202401207

[0114] 16

[0115] To develop maintenance strategies while simultaneously reducing vehicle deliveries.

[0116] - The measuring system makes it possible to demonstrate the effects on wheel wear in its various forms on routes with extremely poor track conditions.

[0117] - Problematic GWL cases in the context of wheel and / or brake disc wear can be optimally analyzed and targeted solutions developed.

[0118] - The measuring system is an ideal metrological support in answering questions about the development of the equivalent conicity in the wheel-rail contact of wheel profiles.

[0119] Finally, it should be mentioned that the features of all the embodiments described above can be combined with each other in any way to form further embodiments of the invention.

[0120] Furthermore, all features of dependent claims can each be combined with each of the subordinate claims, either individually or in any combination with one or more other dependent claims, to obtain further embodiments.

[0121] Regardless of the grammatical gender of a particular term, persons with male, female or other gender identities are included.

[0122] 202401207

[0123] 17

[0124] Reference symbol list

[0125] 10 measuring device

[0126] 11 laser scanners

[0127] 12 Control unit

[0128] 13 cases

[0129] 13a Housing opening

[0130] 14 optical interface

[0131] 15 protective elements

[0132] 16 Adjustment device

[0133] 16a drive

[0134] 16b Locking mechanism

[0135] 16c Swivel axis

[0136] 17 Heating system

[0137] 18 device-side mounting interface

[0138] 19 vibration-damping elements

[0139] 200 rail vehicles

[0140] 210 chassis

[0141] 211 Vehicle-side mechanical mounting interface

[0142] 212 axles

[0143] 213 wheels

[0144] 214 braking systems

[0145] 215 chassis-side sensors

[0146] 216 vehicle-side data storage

[0147] 220 Interface module

[0148] 230 vehicle-side power source

[0149] 240 diagnostic servers

[0150] 250 vehicle-side data source ll-ll intersection line

[0151] DV data connection

[0152] L Laser radiation

[0153] S beam axes 202401207

[0154] 18

[0155] SB Scan area

[0156] X chassis longitudinal axis

[0157] ZA condition report

Claims

202401207 19 Patent claims 1. Method for measuring the condition of wheels, wheelsets and / or brake systems of railway vehicles (200) by generating condition data (ZA), characterized in that a measuring device (10) temporarily attached to a first fastening interface (211) of a first railway vehicle (200) during maintenance and / or inspection determines the condition by measuring and generating one or more first condition data (ZA).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the metrological determination of the first condition data (ZA) in the maintenance interval is carried out after completion of the maintenance and / or inspection and before the next maintenance and / or inspection, i.e. during the normal operation of the first rail vehicle (200) and away from the maintenance and / or inspection location.

3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metrological determination of the first condition data (ZA) takes place during the journey or at least also during the journey of the first rail vehicle (200).

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recording of the first condition data (ZA) is carried out for a plurality of different locations, preferably each time when the vehicle is stationary, and remotely from the maintenance and / or inspection location.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - as part of the next or any subsequent maintenance and / or inspection of the rail vehicle (200), the measuring device (10) is dismantled and attached to 202401207 20 a second attachment interface (211) belonging to the first rail vehicle (200) or to another second rail vehicle is temporarily attached and - the condition of a second wheel and / or second brake system is determined using the measuring device (10) temporarily attached to the second mounting interface (211), generating one or more second condition indicators (ZA).

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the measuring device (10) is a laser-based measuring device (10) with an optical interface (14) for emitting and / or receiving laser radiation (L), - before the start of each metrological condition assessment, a protective element (15) protecting the optical interface (14) from contamination is removed from the optical interface (14) and - after the end of each metrological condition assessment, the optical interface (14) is covered with the protective element (15).

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring device (10) is data-technically autonomous and is data-technically separated from a vehicle control system, or in the case of several vehicle control systems, from all vehicle control systems, of the rail vehicle (200).

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring device (10) receives and processes data available on the side of the rail vehicle, in particular stores it together with the determined status information (ZA).

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the measuring device (10) during maintenance and / or inspection with a data storage device (216) installed on the chassis, in particular on the bogie side 202401207 21 is connected and the measuring device (10) stores the determined status information (ZA) in this data storage device (216), and - as part of the next or any subsequent maintenance and / or inspection of the rail vehicle (200), before, after or during the dismantling of the measuring device (10), the stored status data are read from the data storage device (216).

10. Measuring device (10) for metrologically determining the condition of wheels and / or brake systems of railway vehicles (200) by generating condition data (ZA), characterized in that the measuring device (10) is designed to carry out a method according to one of the preceding claims and has a device-side mounting interface (18) that enables temporary attachment of the measuring device (10) to fastening interfaces (211) of the railway vehicles.

11. Measuring device (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that the measuring device (10) is a laser-based measuring device (10) and comprises a laser scanner, in particular a laser line scanner and / or a movable point laser scanner.

12. Measuring device (10) according to claim 11, characterized in that - the laser scanner is held inside an outer housing (13) of the measuring device (10) by means of elastic, vibration-damping elements (19) and / or - the measuring device (10) is equipped with a heating device (17).

13. Measuring device (10) according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 12, characterized in that - the measuring device (10) includes an optical interface (14) for emitting and / or receiving laser radiation (L), 202401207 22 - a protective element (15) is assigned to the optical interface (14), which covers the optical interface (14) in the closed position and exposes the optical interface (14) in the open position and enables the emission and reception of laser radiation (L), - the protective element (15) is connected to an adjusting device (16) which can selectively position the protective element (15) in the open or closed position, and - the measuring device (10) is equipped with a control device (12) which activates the adjusting device (16) before each status determination and uses it to place the locking element (15) in the open position and after completion of each status determination places the locking element (15) in the closed position.

14. Rail vehicle (200), characterized in that the rail vehicle (200) is equipped with at least one fastening interface (211) which enables the temporary attachment of a measuring device (10) according to one of the preceding claims 10-13 and / or the performance of a method according to one of the preceding claims 1-9.

15. Arrangement with a rail vehicle (200), characterized in that the rail vehicle (200) is equipped with a measuring device (10) according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 13.

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