Optoelectronic adder

Abstract

The present invention relates to a 4-bit optoelectronic adder using IR LED's, IR detectors and supporting circuit. The adder performs binary operations on two numbers each of 4 bits. The adder uses only Infrared light intensity and its combination in various forms to give the result of addition which is detected by IR detector and identified by supporting electronic circuitry to give output of addition.

Description

OPTOELECTRONIC ADDERFIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to an optoelectronic arithmetic circuit. More specifically, the present invention relates to a 4-bitoptoelectronic adder using Infrared (IR) LED’s, IR detectors, and supporting circuit. The adder performs binary operations on two numbers each of 4 bits. The adder uses only light intensity and its combination in various forms to give the result of addition which is detected by IR detector and identified by supporting electronic circuitry to give output of addition.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Optoelectronics involves utilizing electronic devices to detect and manipulate light according to specific requirements. Typically categorized within photonics or electronics, it finds application in both converting electrical signals to optical ones and vice versa. In optical systems and networks, rapid signal processing holds significant importance, leading to the development of all-optical structures in optical communication technology. Foundational to optical signal processing systems are all-optical logic gates and combinational circuits. An essential component within basic CPUs is a digital ALU, serving as a computational operator with the most basic circuit as a digital adder circuit. This digital adder circuit is utilized in addition, subtraction, and multiplication. The digital adder can be of any number of bits, the commonly used digital adders are 32 or 64 bits long. Typically, a digital adder has two inputs for adding two numbers and two outputs for SUM and CARRY. A key challenge for engineers lies inselecting compact structures capable of confining electromagnetic waves and efficiently transmitting them to desired outputs. Designing optical adders can be miniaturized and power efficient.

[0003] Optical computing is an intensely researched field because an optical computer offers enormous advantages over an electronic computer. The possibility of massive parallelism, which can be achieved by using light of different frequencies in the same circuit, is immense. This parallelism can increase the through output of a given computer. Low power consumption and very low heat generation in optical circuits are another advantage.

[0004] To make optical computing a reality, attempts have been made in the prior art to either make all optical transistors or all optical logic gates meaning light as input and light as output. Some of the methods employed require novel materials to control different properties of light, while some require simple semiconductor devices. Some of the different attempts are listed below:All-optical transistors:• All-optical transistor using deep-level defects in nitride semiconductors for room temperature optical computing;• Micro-resonators-based all-optical transistor.All-optical logic gates:• Photonic logic NOR gate based on two symmetric micro-ring resonators;• Optical interferometric logic gates based on metal slot waveguide;All-optical logic gates using semiconductor optical amplifier-based devices.

[0005] These attempts use structures which could not be miniaturized like micro resonator or use of materials which use high electric power to function, but still optical computers are still beyond practical limits. Hence, a middle approach has been attempted with optical and electronic (optical + electronic devices. Some of the attempts made in the optical adder’s field are listed below:• Programmable Photonic Circuits;• High Speed thermo optic micro ring resonator based digital half adder;• All-optical full-adder design based on photonic crystals using nonlinear effects.

[0006] Most of the attempts of an optical adder have been performed using optical correlators, which is nothing more than an ordinary glass lens performing a Fourier transform of images containing data which makes this type of adder bulky and oversized. One of the most promising research has been done by Photonics Research group at Ghent University using Mach- Zehnder interferometer on chip(Photonic integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an on-chip reference arm for optical coherence tomography, Giinay Yurtsever et. al.), which is a type of optical electronic device. However, it does not solve the problems as proposed to be solved by the present invention.OBJECTIVE AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The present invention relates to an optoelectronic adder using IR LED’s, IR detectors, and supporting circuit. As per an embodiment, the adder performs binary operations on two numbers each of 4 bits. The adder uses only light intensity and its combination in various forms to give the result of addition which is detected by IR detector and identified by supporting electronic circuitry to give output of addition. Additional aspects and advantages of the invention are further described below, parts of which will become apparent from the descriptions below or be learned from the practice of the invention.

[0008] It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel optoelectronic adder that is faster, simple in design, can be miniaturized and uses less power. The optoelectronic adder as disclosed in the present invention further overcomes the bottleneck of limitation on speed by using IR detectors. It is further an object of the instant invention to provide an optoelectronic adder that runs on twice the speed if more than two frequencies are used in the optical circuit. The invention can use multiple frequencies of EM waves, which increases its output.

[0009] These and other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent in view of the present specification, drawing and claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the invention shall be obvious and easily understood from the following descriptions of the embodiments in combination with the appended drawings, where:

[0011] FIG. Iprovides the flow direction of the 4-bit opto-electronic adder.

[0012] FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a 1stbit output logic as per an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a 2ndbit output logic as per an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a 3rdbit output logic as per an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a 4lllbit output logic as per an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] FIG. 6 is the full circuit diagram as per embodiments of the present invention.

[0017] FIG. 7 is the PCB mounted circuit board built as per embodiments of the present invention.

[0018] The preceding description and drawings merely explain the invention and the invention is not limited thereto, as those of ordinary skill in the art who have the present disclosure before them will be able to make changes and variations thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] While the present invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail specific embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure is intended as an exemplification of the principles of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiment disclosed.

[0020] Various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to processing data in an adder-based circuit. More specifically, various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to processing data in an adder-based circuit for summation of multiple addends.

[0021] Referring to FIG. 1, a flow chart of the 4-bit optoelectrical adder as per an embodiment of the instant invention is described. As per a preferred embodiment, 4 Input switches, 28 Input Infrared LEDs, 14 Infrared detectors, associated electronic circuit, and 4 output green LEDs are disclosed.

[0022] As disclosed in the aforesaid preferred embodiment, the Input switches are manual toggle switches. Input is standard 5mm IR LEDs and 5mmstandard IR detector. Input may also be provided through other input means such as optical fibers. Further, electronic switches and other means may also be used for taking input.

[0023] Each electronic circuit has 2 BC547B transistors + resistors, and Output has standard 5mm green LED. Further development may eliminate the need of supporting electronic circuit. Output maybe taken directly from IR detector. Other means to detect and display Output may also be used as per other embodiments of the instant invention.

[0024] Binary addition is similar to decimal addition, but it operates within the binary number system, which uses only two digits: 0 and 1. An illustration of a normal binary addition is provided below: a) The binary numbers are placed one below the other, aligning their rightmost digits (the least significant bits, or LSBs) together. If one number has fewer digits than the other, it is padded with leading zeros to match the lengths; b) The digits are added column by column, starting from the rightmost column (the LSBs) moving leftward; c) The digits in each column are added, including any carry from the previous column. Here are the possible combinations:0 + 0 = 00 + 1 = 11 + 0 = 11 + 1 = 10 (which is 0 in the current position and carry of 1 to the next higher position)d) If the sum of two digits in a column is 2 (binary 10), 1 is carried over to the next higher column; e) Steps c) and d) are repeated for each column until the leftmost column is reached; f) If there is a carry-out from the leftmost column, it means the result has more bits than the original numbers can represent. This situation is called overflow and may need special handling depending on the context; g) The sum of the binary numbers is the string of digits obtained from the addition, starting from the rightmost column and moving leftward; h) If the result has leading zeros, they can typically be removed without changing the value represented.

[0025] Illustrations of the same areprovided below:Illustration i)Decimal representation: 7+5 = 121 st Number representation (number ?): 0 1 1 12nd Number representation (number 5): 0 1 0 1Result of addition of 1stand 2ndNumbers: 1 1 00Illustration ii)Decimal representation: 15+7 = 221 st Number representation (number 15): 1 1 1 12nd Number representation (number 7): 0 1 1 1Result of addition of 1stand 2ndNumbers: 0 1 1 0

[0026] The aforesaid circuit adds two binary numbers of 4 bits. Each bit of the said numbers may be marked to represent and identify them on the circuit. As an embodiment, each individual bit of these two binary numbers is marked with letters namely A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, their individual5 addition is marked A + B, C + D, E + F, G + H and their carry forward as provided below:1st Number2nd NumberCarry from 1stBitCarry from 2ndBitCarry from 3rdBitOutput10

[0027] Each individual bit of these two binary numbers is realized in physical circuit by 2 IR LEDs one for Logic 1 and other for Logic 0, their respective addition output is represented by clubbing all 4 LEDs as detailed below:1st Number2nd NumberCarry from 1 st BitCarry from 2nd BitCarry from 3rd BitOutput15 Logic 1 when IR LED designated A1 / B1 / C1 / D1 / E1 / F1 / G1 is ONLogic 0 when IR LED designated A0 / B0 / C0 / D0 / E0 / F0 / G0 is ONDon’t care (0) when any of the IR LED is OFFIn physical circuit each bit stage IR LED’s carries different brightness level1st Bit IR LED’s (Al AO Bl BO) has Brightness level of 1;2nd Bit IR LED’s (Cl CO DI DO) has Brightness level twice of 1st Bit designated as 2;3rd Bit IR LED’s (El EO Fl FO) has Brightness level 4 times of 1st Bit designated as 4;4th Bit IR LED’s (G1 HO G1 HO) has Brightness level 8 times of 1st Bit designated as 8.

[0028] The carry IR LEDs in each stage has Brightness level of their original stage.

[0029] For instance, the number 6 is represented in binary form as 0 1 1 0 which in the circuit would be described as below:After applying Brightness level, the number 6 would be represented as under:The number 0 is represented in binary form as 0 0 0 0, which in circuit would be described as below:2nd NumberBoth the numbers 6 and 0 with their binary representation are described below: 6 - 0 1 1 05 0 - 0 00010

[0030] In In physical circuit, input IR LEDs of Al & Bl are separated fromIR LED’s of A0 & B0 using paper, so that no mixing of brightness can take place, similar separation is done for Cl & DI, CO & DO, El & Fl, E0 & F0, G1 & Hl and GO & HO. This separation through paper is only an embodiment and other methodologies of separation of input IR LEDs may15 be applied to achieve the result.

[0031] To get the required brightness level of Input IR LEDs, variable resistance is used to adjust current going inside input IR LEDs. The resistance is adjusted to get brightness level of each stage.20

[0032] An illustration is described for input numbers of 6 & 0:

[0033] Output is achieved using IR detectors and electronic circuit, IR detectors convert Infrared brightness into analog current signal, for instance, as an embodiment, Infrared brightness of level 2 is converted into 2 milli amps of current and Infrared brightness of level 8 is converted into 8 milli amps of current.

[0034] This current is passed onto an electronic circuit which uses combination of resistors and transistors to select a range of current which switches on / off output green LED.

[0035] For instance, for 6 + 0= 6 1st Number - 6 (decimal) Binary of 6 -01102nd Number -0 (decimal) Binary of 0 - 0000Output - 6 (decimal) Binary of 6 -0110The functioning of the circuit for achieving the aforesaid output is provided below:

[0036] Similarly, an additional example is illustrated for addition of decimal7 & 5Decimal representation: 7+5 = 121st Number representation (number 7): 0 1 1 1 2nd Number representation (number 5): 0 1 0 1Result of addition of 1stand 2ndNumbers (12): 1 1 00Output is reversed in physical circuit i.e., 4thBit, 3rdBit, 2ndBit, 1stBit

[0037] The number 7 would be represented in this circuit as shown below:1st NumberThe number 5 would be represented in this circuit as shown below:2nd NumberThe addition of 7 + 5 = 12 would be represented in the physical circuit as provided below:

[0038] Referring now to FIG. 2, working of the 1stbit circuit diagram electronic circuit as per an embodiment of the instant invention is provided below:Based on the aforesaid, the following output is obtained:1stBit 2ndBit 3rdBit 4thBitThe result is reversed in the physical circuit to obtain the output as follows:4thBit 3rdBit 2ndBit 1stBit

[0039] As per a preferred embodiment, the working of the electronic circuit is described below:

[0040] The circuit is powered with a 5 Volts power supply. Based on the requirements of a specific embodiment, the power supply can be varied.

[0041] Referring to Figure 2, the 1stbit output logic is provided.

[0042] As per an exemplary embodiment, the Input switch is a manual four (4)-dip switch. In Figure 2, Input switch is represented asAl, Bl, A0 and B0 This four-dip switch connects the power line of 5V to four IR LEDs- D63, D60, D65, D64 via current limiting variable resistors-VR43, VR44, VR45 and VR46.As per a preferred embodiment, these variable resistors have a range from 0 to 10,000 ohms.

[0043] The variable resistors are used to fine tune the brightness level of IRLEDs. These four IR LEDs are designated as below:D63 - Al, D60 - Bl, D65 - A0, D64 - B0

[0044] The brightness level of these IR LED's is detected by IR detector. As per a preferred embodiment, the IR detector converts infra-red brightness to corresponding current, preferably in milliamps range. Infrared from LEDs D64 & D65 are detected by IR detector D62. Infrared from LED's D60 & D63 are detected by IR detector D61.

[0045] There is a separation between D64, D65 and D60, D63 so that no mixing of IR can take place between them and their corresponding detector. As an embodiment, paper has been used to create the separation / barrier.

[0046] The brightness level of all four IR LED’s D63, D60, D65, and D64 is adjusted at level 1 which indicates if any one of the IR LED is switched ON then it will generate 1 milli amps of current at its corresponding IR detector.

[0047] Output Logic for 1st Bit equals D61*D62 which is realised by simple AND logic, the detectors are connected in series to realise AND logic. Resistor R18 of 220 ohm is connected in series with D61 and D62 to limit current going through D61 and D62.

[0048] Output 5mm Green LED D66 is connected in series with D61, D62 and R18 to give output signal.

[0049] The output truth table is described as under:

[0050] Referring to Figure. 3, the 2ndBit output logic is provided:

[0051] As per an exemplary embodiment, Input switch is a manual 4 dip switch. In Figure 3, Input switch is represented as Cl, DI, CO and DO. This four-dip switch connects the power line of 5V to four IR LEDs- D70, D67, D72, D71 via current limiting variable resistors- VR37, VR38, VR39 and VR40. As per a preferred embodiment, these variable resistors have a range from 0 to 10,000 ohms.

[0052] The variable resistors are used to fine tune the brightness level of IR LEDs. These four IR LEDs are designated below:D70 - Cl, D67 - DI, D72 - CO, D71 - DO

[0053] The brightness level of IR LED's is detected by IR detector. As per a preferred embodiment, the IR detector converts infra-red brightness to corresponding current, preferably in milliamps range.

[0054] The Infra-red from LEDs D70 & D67 are detected by IR detector D68. Similarly, the Infra-red from LEDs D72 & D71 are detected by IR detector D69.The brightness level of all four IR LED’s D70, D67, D72 and D71 is adjusted at level 2 which means if any one of the IR LED is switchedON then it will generate 2 milli amps of current at its corresponding IR detector.

[0055] The carry from 1st bit is represented by IR LED D74-A1 and D73-B1 whose IR brightness is detected by D75.

[0056] The brightness level of IR LED D73 and D74 is adjusted at level 1 which means if any one of the two IR LED D74 and D75 is switched ON then it will generate 1 milli amps of current at IR detector D75.

[0057] There is barrier / separation between (D70, D67) (D72, D71) and (D73, D74) so that no mixing of IR can take place between them and their corresponding detector. As an embodiment, paper has been used to create the separation / barrier.

[0058] As detailed above, the Output Logic for 2nd Bit is equal to (D68*D69+D75) / 2 which is realised by first achieving AND of D68, D69 then adding output of detector D75. The division by 2 is realised by grounding the output current of D68*D69+D75 through Variable resistor VR3.

[0059] The 2nd bit detectors (D68*D69+D75) / 2 output current separates into two directions- one goes to ground via variable resistor VR3 and other one goes to electronic circuit. The circuit comprises of two transistors Q9 and Q10, two resistors R7 and R10 of 100 ohms each and output 5mm green LED D76. As an exemplary embodiment, the transistor is BJT type transistor BC547B.

[0060] The disclosed electronic circuit switches ON output green LED D76 when a current of a specific range is detected from detectors. The transistor Q9 takes input from detectors and transistor Q10 takes input from emitter of transistor Q9. Resistor R7 limits current going through Q9 and QlOandResistor RIO limits current going out of Q9 and Q10.

[0061] Output green LED D76 is connected in series with transistor QlO.The transistor Q9 switches ON when current of more than 1 milli amps is detected from detectors.

[0062] When transistor Q9 switches ON it turns ON transistor Q10. When transistor Q10 switches ON it turns ON Output green LED D76. When current from detectors reaches more than 2.5 milli amps then transistor Q9 bypasses all of the current going to transistor Q10 and LED D76, which in turn turns OFF LED D76.

[0063] The table given below details the current coming from detectors(D68*D69+D75) / 2 and state of output green LED 76

[0064] Referring to Figure 4, the 3rdBit output logic is provided.

[0065] As per an exemplary embodiment, the switch is a manual four (4)-dip switch. In Figure 4, is represented as El, Fl, E0 and FO.Thisfour-dip switch connects power line of 5V to four IR LEDs- D83, D80, D87, D86 via current limiting variable resistors- VR29, VR30, VR31 and VR32. As per a preferred embodiment, these variable resistors have a range from 0 to 10,000 ohms.The variable resistors are used to fine tune the brightness level of IR LEDs These four IR LEDs are designated as:D83 - El, D80 - Fl, D87 - E0, D86 - F0

[0066] The brightness level of IR LEDs is detected by the IR detector. As per a preferred embodiment, IR detector converts infra-red brightness to corresponding current, preferably in milliamps range. Infra-red from LEDs D83 & D80 are detected by IR detector D81 and Infra-red from LEDs D87 & D86 are detected by IR detector D82.

[0067] The brightness level of all four IR LED’s D86, D87, D80 and D83 is adjusted at level 4 which means if any one of the IR LED is switched ON then it will generate 4 milli amps of current at its corresponding IR detector.

[0068] The carry from 2nd bit is represented by IR LED D84-D1 and D85- C1 whose IR brightness is detected by D88.

[0069] The brightness level of IR LED D84 and D85 is adjusted at level 2, which means if any one of the two IR LED D84 and D85 is switched ON then it will generate 2 milli amps of current at IR detector D88.

[0070] The carry from 1st bit is represented by IR LED D78-A1 and D77- Bl, their IR brightness is detected by D79.

[0071] The brightness level of IR LED D77 and D78 is adjusted at level 1 which means if any one of the two IR LED D77 and D78 is switched ON then it will generate 1 milli amps of current at IR detector D79.

[0072] There is barrier / separation between (D83, D80), (D87, D86), (D85, D84), and (D78, D77) so that no mixing of IR can take place between them and their corresponding detector. As an embodiment, paper may be used to create the separation / barrier.

[0073] Output Logic for the 3rd Bit equals (D81*D82+D88+D79) / 4 which is realised by first doing AND of D81, D82 then adding the output of detector D88 AND D79. The division by 2 is realised by grounding the output current of D81*D82+D88+D79 through variable resistor VR4.

[0074] The 3rd bit detectors (D81*D82+D88+D79) / 4 output current separates into two directions- one goes to ground via variable resistor VR4 and other one goes to electronic circuit. The circuit comprises of two transistors Qll and Q12.The resistor R12 is 470 ohms, R13 is 100 ohms and output is5mm green LED D89. As a preferred embodiment, the transistor is BJT type transistor BC547B.

[0075] The electronic circuit switches ON output Green LED D89 when a current of a specific range is detected from detectors. The transistor Qll takes input from detectors and transistor Q12 takes input from emitter of transistor Qll. Resistor R12 limits the current going through Qll and Q12 and Resistor R13 limits current going out of QI 1 and QI 2.

[0076] Output green LED D89 is connected in series with transistor Q12.The transistor Qll switches ON when current of more than 4 milli amps is detected from detectors. When transistor Qll switches ON it turns ON transistor Q12. When transistor Qll switches ON it turns ON Output green LED D89.

[0077] When the current from detectors reaches more than 7 milli amps, then transistor Qll bypasses all of the current going to transistor Q12 and LED D89, which in turn turns OFF LED D89.

[0078] The table given below details the current coming from detectors(D81*D82+D88+D79) / 4 and State of output green LED 89.

[0079] Referring to Figure 5, the 4thBit output logic is provided.

[0080] As per an exemplary embodiment, the switch is a manual four (4) -dip switch. In Figure 5, it is represented as Gl, Hl, GO and HO This four-dip switch connects the power line of 5V to four IR LEDs- D99, D98, D97, D96 via current limiting variable resistors- VR19, VR20, VR21 and VR22. As per a preferred embodiment, these variable resistors have a range from 0 to 10,000 ohms.

[0081] The variable resistors are used to fine tune the brightness level of IR LEDs. These four IR LEDs are designated as:D99 - Gl, D98 - Hl, D97 - GO, D96 - HO

[0082] The brightness level of IR LEDs is detected by the IR detector. As per a preferred embodiment, IR detector converts infra-red brightness to corresponding current, preferably in milliamps range. Infra-red from LEDs D99& D98 are detected by IR detector D101 and Infra-red from LEDs D97 & D96 are detected by IR detector D102.

[0083] The brightness level of all four IR LED’s D96, D97, D98 and D99 is adjusted at level 8 which means if any one of the IR LED is switched ON then it will generate 8 milli amps of current at its corresponding IR detector.

[0084] The carry from 1st bit is represented by IR LED D91-A1 and D90-B1 whose IR brightness is detected by D105.

[0085] The brightness level of IR LED D91 and D90 is adjusted at level 1 which means if either one of the two IR LED D91 and D90 is switched ON, then it will generate 1 milli amps of current at IR detector DI 05.

[0086] The carry from 2nd bit is represented by IR LED D93-C1 and D92- Dl, their IR brightness is detected by D 100. The brightness level of IR LED D93 and D92 is adjusted at level 2 which means if any one of the two IR LED D93 and D92 is switched ON then it will generate 2 milli amps of current at IR detector DI 00.

[0087] The carry from 3rd bit is represented by IR LED D95-E1 and D94- Fl, their IR brightness is detected by D103.

[0088] The brightness level of IR LED D95 and D94 is adjusted at level 4 which means if any one of the two IR LED D95 and D94 is switched ON then it will generate 4 milli amps of current at IR detector DI 03.

[0089] There is barrier / separation between (D99, D98) (D97, D96) (D95, D94) (D93, D92) and (D91 D90) so that no mixing of IR can take place between them and their corresponding detector. As an embodiment, paper may be used to create the separation / barrier.

[0090] Output Logic for 4th Bit is equal to (D101*D102+D103+D100+D105) / 8 which is realised by first doing AND of D101, D102 then adding output of detector DI 03, DI 00 AND D105. The division by 2 is realised by grounding the output current of D101*D102+D103+D100+D105 through variable resistor VR5.

[0091] The 4th bit detectors (D101*D102+D103+D100+D105) / 8 output current separates into two directions-one goes to ground via variable resistor VR5 and the other goes to the electronic circuit. The circuit comprises of two transistors Q13 and Q14.The resistors R20 is 220 ohms, R19 is 100 ohms, and the output is 5mm green LED D104. As a preferred embodiment, the transistor is BJT type transistor BC547B.

[0092] The electronic circuit switches ON output Green LED DI 04 when a current of a specific range is detected from detectors. The transistor Q13 takes input from detectors and transistor Q14 takes input from emitter of transistor Q13. Resistor R20 limits the current going through Q13 and Q14 and the Resistor R19 limits the current going out of Q13 and QI 4.

[0093] The Output green LED D104 is connected in series with transistor QI 3. The transistor Q13 switches ON when current of more than 1 milli amps is detected from detectors. When transistor Q13 switches ON it turns ON transistor Q14. When transistor Q13 switches ON it turns ON Output green LED DI 04.

[0094] When current from detectors reaches more than 8.8 milli amps, then transistor Q13 bypasses all of the current going to transistor Q14 and LED DI 04, which in turn turns OFF LED DI 04.

[0095] The table given below details the current coming from detectors(D101*D102+D103+D100+D105) / 8 and State of output green LED 104

[0096] Referring to FIG. 6, the full circuit diagram has the following circuit elements as preferred embodiments:• 4 Dip Switch for Input - each Dip switch has 4 toggle switches• 1 st Bit Input Switch - SI• 2nd Bit Input Switch - S2• 3rd Bit Input Switch - S3• 4th Bit Input Switch - S4• 1 st Bit Input IR LED’s - D63, D64, D65, D64,• 2nd Bit Input IR LED’s - D73, D74, D71, D72, D67, D70• 3rd Bit Input IR LED’s - D77, D78, D84, D85, D86, D87, D80, D83• 4th Bit Input IR LED’s - D90, D91, D92, D93, D94, D95, D96, D97, D98, D99Variable resistors used for adjusting brightness of Input IR LED’s o 23 numbers of 10K value each (Bourns 3296 W 103) used in - o 1st Bit Input variable resistor - VR43, VR44, VR45, VR46 o 2nd Bit Input variable resistor - VR36, VR37, VR38, VR39, VR40, VR41, VR42 o 3rd Bit Input variable resistor - VR29, VR30, VR31, VR32, VR33, VR34, VR35o 4th Bit Input variable resistor - VR19, VR20, VR21, VR22, VR23 o 5 numbers of 20K value each (Bourns 3296 W203) used in - 4th Bit Input IR LED’s - VR24, VR25, VR26, VR27, VR28• Infrared DetectorIR detector standard 5mm packaging o 1 st Bit Infrared detector - D61 , D62 o 2nd Bit Infrared detector - D68, D69, D75 o 3rd Bit Infrared detector - D79, D88, D82, D81 o 4th Bit Infrared detector - D105, D100, D103, D102, D101• Fixed resistor of 220 ohm each supporting IR detector o 1 st Bit Infrared detector fixed resistor - R 18 o 2nd Bit Infrared detector fixed resistor - R16, R11 o 3rd Bit Infrared detector fixed resistor - R14, R15, R17 o 4th Bit Infrared detector fixed resistor - R21, R22, R23, R24• Output elements in circuit o 3 variable resistors used in Output electronic circuit (Bourns 3296 W 102) - IK value each numbered o 2nd Bit circuit - VR3 o 3rd Bit circuit - VR4 o 4th Bit circuit - VR56 Transistor used in output electronic circuit o 2nd Bit output circuit - Q9, Q10 o 3rd Bit output circuit - Q 11 , Q 12o 4th Bit output circuit - Q13, Q146 Fixed value resistors used in output electronic circuit o 2nd Bit output circuit - R7 (100 ohm), R 100 (100 ohm) o 3rd Bit output circuit - R12 (470 ohm), R13 (100 ohm) o 4th Bit output circuit - R20 (220 ohm), R19 (100 ohm)• 4 Output Green LED 5 mm o 1st Bit Output LED - D66 o 2nd Bit Output LED - D76 o 3rd Bit Output LED - D89 o 4th Bit Output LED - D 104

[0097] FIG. 7 describes the PCB mounted circuit as per embodiments of the present invention.

[0098] This opto-electrical adder as disclosed in the present invention has a speed which depends on electronic element used in building it like LED’s detectors and transistors; however, when two more frequencies are used in the optical circuit, twice the speed can be obtained.

[0099] The Output electronic circuit can all be eliminated by using specialized IR detector which detects only specified brightness of Infrared Light.

[0100] As per preferred embodiments, using the disclosed optoelectronic adder, a subtractor, multiplier, and divider can also be built easily, as they use adder logic.

[0101] The physical and electrical specifications of the optical adder as per an embodiment of the present invention are described below: | | | | | | |

[0102] The adder disclosed uses IR LEDs which illuminates IR wavelength of 950nm (frequency 315 THz) and IR detectors which detects IR wavelength of 950nm (frequency 315 THz). These are used to add two numbers Al+Bl as detailed above in preferred embodiments.

[0103] Since the two different frequencies of IR waves do not interfere with each other, another pair of IR LED and IR detector can be added that use wavelength of 935nm (frequency 320 THz) on top of the disclosed circuit and this pair can be used to add another set of number A2+B2, resulting in addition of four sets of numbers at the same time i.e., Al+Bl and A2+B2 which will increase the adding capacity of the circuit.

[0104] The preceding description and drawings merely explain the invention and the invention is not limited thereto, as those of ordinary skill in the art who have the present disclosure before them will be able to make changes and variations thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

STATEMENT OF CLAIMS im:

1. An optoelectronic adder circuit comprising:- a plurality of input means for receiving binary input signals;- a plurality of infrared (IR) display connected to the said input means configured to represent each bit of the binary input signals, wherein each bit is represented by an IR display for logic 1 and another IR display for logic 0;- a plurality of infrared detectors configured to receive IR light from said IR display, each detector corresponding to an input bit and carry bit;- a plurality of infrared (IR) display connected to the said input means configured to represent carry of 1stbit fed into the binary input signals of 2ndbit, 3rdbit and 4thbit;- a plurality of infrared (IR) display connected to the said input means configured to represent carry of 2ndbit fed into the binary input signals of 3rdbit and 4thbit;- a plurality of infrared (IR) display connected to the said input means configured to represent carry of 3rdbit fed into the binary input signals of 4thbit;- supporting electronic circuitry configured to process the signals from the IR detectors and produce a binary sum;- a plurality of output display for displaying the binary sum of the input signals;- wherein the circuit performs binary addition using IR light intensity variations detected by the IR detectors and processed by the supporting electronic circuitry.

2. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of bits equals 4.

3. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 1, comprising 4 Input means, 28 Input Infrared displays, 14 Infrared detectors, supporting electronic circuit and 4 output LEDs.

4. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claims 1 and 3, wherein the input means comprises of optical fiber or manual toggle switches.

5. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claims 1 and 3, wherein the infrared display comprises of Infrared Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).

6. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 1 wherein the supporting electronic circuitry includes 6 Bipolar junction transistor(BJT), 4 LEDs, 3 variable resistors, 7 fixed resistors.

7. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein each binary bit is represented by two IR displays, one for logic 1 and one for logic 0, with the light intensity of each display adjusted to represent different binary weights.

8. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supporting electronic circuitry includes transistors and resistors to convert the detected light signals into corresponding electrical signals representing the binary sum.

9. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the IR detectors are configured to detect all brightness levels of infrared light corresponding to binary values and their combinations and convert it into current.

10. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 9, wherein the generated current is fed into the electronic circuit, which selects the range of current for which the output LED is switched ON.

11. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising variable resistors for adjusting the brightness levels of the IR LEDs to achieve the required binary representation.

12. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circuit eliminates the need for supporting electronic circuitry by using specialized IR detectors that directly convert light intensity to the binary output.

13. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the output display displays the binary sum in a format reversed from the input order, with the least significant bit displayed first.

14. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the output displays are LEDs indicating the result of the binary addition.

15. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising means for detecting and handling overflow conditions when the sum exceeds the 4-bit limit.

16. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adder is capable of operating at higher speeds by utilizing multiple frequencies of light in the optical circuit.

17. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the IR detectors convert light intensity into corresponding analog current signals, which are then processed by the supporting electronic circuit.

18. The optoelectronic adder circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bit 1 infrared light-emitting diode has a brightness level of 1, bit 2 infrared lightemitting diode has a brightness level two times that of bit 1 designated as 2, bit 3 infrared light-emitting diode has a brightness level 4 times of Bit 1 designated as 4, and bit 4 infrared light-emitting diode has a brightness level 8 times of Bit 1 designated as 8.

19. A method for performing binary addition using an optoelectronic adder comprising the steps of:- receiving binary input signals via input means;- illuminating IR displays corresponding to the input signals, with different brightness levels representing different binary weights for each bit stage;- adding IR brightness from two IR displays in any medium this circuit using thin air as medium detecting the light intensity from the IR displays using IR detectors;- processing the detected light signals with supporting electronic circuitry to determine the binary sum;- Selecting range of current coming out of IR detector using supporting electronic circuitry to output Logic 1 for current inside the pre-determined range and Logic 0 for current outside the pre-determined range;- Arranging IR detectors in series and parallel to realize multiplication and addition of the IR detector output current; and- Displaying the binary sum on output displays.

20. A method for performing binary addition using an optoelectronic adder as claimed in 19, wherein the light intensity of each IR display is adjusted using variable resistors to represent the correct binary weight.

21. A method for performing binary addition using an optoelectronic adder as claimed in claims 19, wherein the input means comprises of optical fiber or manual toggle switches.

22. A method for performing binary addition using an optoelectronic adder as claimed in claims 19 and 20, wherein the infrared display comprises of IR Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).

23. A method for performing binary addition using an optoelectronic adder as claimed in 19, wherein the IR detectors directly convert the detected light intensity into the corresponding binary output, eliminating the need for additional electronic circuitry.

24. A method for performing binary addition using an optoelectronic adder as claimed in 19, further comprising the step of separating the IR displays for each bit stage with a physical barrier to prevent mixing of light intensities.

25. A method for performing binary addition using an optoelectronic adder as claimed in 19, wherein the binary addition is performed with input signals represented by different brightness levels, with the least significant bit having the lowest brightness and the most significant bit having the highest brightness.

26. A method for performing binary addition using an optoelectronic adder as claimed in claim 19, wherein the optoelectronic adder uses transistors and resistors to convert the analog signals from the IR detectors into digital outputs.

27. A method for performing binary addition using an optoelectronic adder as claimed in claim 19, further comprising the step of detecting and handling overflow conditions when the sum exceeds the 4-bit limit.

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