Auxiliary heating metasurface

Abstract

According to implementations of the present disclosure, a solution about an auxiliary heating metasurface is provided. According to the solution, the auxiliary heating metasurface is configured to be deployed within a cavity containing an electromagnetic wave source, and the auxiliary heating metasurface comprises: a first layer comprising at least one hollow structure, the first layer being configured to adjust a propagation characteristic of an emitted electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave source through the at least one hollow structure, a shape of the hollow structure being determined at least based on a frequency of the electromagnetic wave; and a second layer being deployed parallel to the first layer, the second layer being configured to reflect an electromagnetic wave passing through the at least one hollow structure. In this way, uniformity of heating can be improved.

Description

AUXILIARY HEATING METASURFACEBACKGROUND[OOOIJMicrowave ovens heat food by generating electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency, typically 2.45 GHz. The electromagnetic waves are absorbed by polar molecules (e.g.. water molecules) in the food that rapidly rotate and vibrate under influence of an electric field. High speed motion of the polar molecules generates friction, thereby generating heat, raising food temperature.SUMMARY

[0002] In a first aspect, according to implementations of the present disclosure, a solution related to auxiliary heating metasurface is proposed. In this aspect, the auxiliary heating metasurface is configured to be deployed within a cavity' containing an electromagnetic wave source. The auxiliary heating metasurface includes: a first layer comprising at least one hollow structure, the first layer being configured to adjust a propagation characteristic of an emitted electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave source through the at least one hollow structure, a shape of the hollow structure being determined at least based on a frequency of the electromagnetic wave. A second layer being deployed parallel to the first layer, the second layer being configured to reflect an electromagnetic wave passing through the at least one hollow structure. In this way, the hollow structure of the first layer generates a resonance effect with the electromagnetic wave based on a frequency design of the electromagnetic wave, and the phase and propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave can be adjusted, so that an optimized standing wave mode is formed in the cavity, and distribution uniformity of electromagnetic energy is effectively improved. Secondly, the second layer, as a reflective layer, works in conjunction with the first lay er to redirect the electromagnetic wave passing through the hollow structure into the cavity7. This further optimizes the energy7distribution, reducing phenomena of “hot spots” and “cold spots” in the heating process, and enhancing uniformity of the heating object.

[0003] In a second aspect, according to implementations of the present disclosure, a solution for optimizing an auxiliary heating metasurface is proposed. In this solution, an adjusted electromagnetic wave is obtained based on an adjustment of a propagation characteristic of a simulated electromagnetic wave in a cavity model by an auxiliary7heating metasurface. Based on interaction of the adjusted electromagnetic wave with a heating object, a heating simulation result for the heating object is determined. A configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface is determined based on the heating simulation result, the configuration parameter including at least one of: a structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface or a position within the cavity7entity represented by the cavity’ model. In this way, the structural design of the auxiliary’heating metasurface may be adjusted and optimized based on the heating simulation result, so that optimal effect can be achieved under various heating requirements. The optimization method based on simulation and simulation results not only improves utilization efficiency of electromagnetic energy, but also can perform personalized adjustment according to the characteristics of the heating object, thereby realizing more accurate heating control.

[0004] In a third aspect, according to implementations of the present disclosure, an electronic device is provided, including: at least one processing unit; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processing unit and storing instructions for execution by the at least one processing unit, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processing unit, causing the electronic device to perform acts including: obtaining an adjusted electromagnetic wave based on an adjustment of a propagation characteristic of a simulated electromagnetic wave in a cavity model by an auxiliary heating metasurface; determining, based on interaction of the adjusted electromagnetic wave with a heating object, a heating simulation result for the heating object; and determining, based on the heating simulation result, a configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface, the configuration parameter comprising at least one of: a structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface or a position within a cavity' entity' represented by the cavity' model.

[0005] In a fourth aspect, according to implementations of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product is tangibly stored in a computer storage medium and includes computer executable instructions, the computer executable instructions, when executed by a device, causing the device to perform acts including: obtaining an adjusted electromagnetic wave based on an adjustment of a propagation characteristic of a simulated electromagnetic wave in a cavity model by an auxiliary heating metasurface; determining, based on interaction of the adjusted electromagnetic wave with a heating object, a heating simulation result for the heating object; and determining, based on the heating simulation result, a configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface, the configuration parameter comprising at least one of: a structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface or a position within a cavity entity represented by the cavity model.

[0006] This section is provided to introduce a selection of objects in a simplified form, which will be further described below in the Detailed Description. This section is not intended to identify key features or primary features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS[0007JFIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example environment in which implementations of the present disclosure can be implemented;

[0008] FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of a method for optimizing an auxiliary heating metasurfaceaccording to some implementations of the present disclosure;[0009JFIG. 3 A illustrates a schematic diagram of a side view of a structure of an auxiliary heating metasurface according to some implementations of the present disclosure;[0010JFIG. 3B illustrates a schematic diagram of a main view of a structure of an auxiliary heating metasurface according to some implementations of the present disclosure;[0011JFIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a heating simulation according to some implementations of the present disclosure; and

[0012] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an electronic device capable of implementing a plurality of implementations of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The present disclosure will now be discussed with reference to several example implementations. It should be understood that these implementations are discussed merely to enable those of ordinary’ skill in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than implying any limitation on the scope of the present disclosure.

[0014] As used herein, the term “comprising” and variations thereof are to be interpreted as open-ended terms that mean “comprising, but not limited to”. The term “based on” is to be interpreted as “based at least in part on”. The terms “one implementation” and “an implementation” are to be interpreted as “at least one implementation”. The term “another implementation” is to be interpreted as “at least one other implementation”. The terms “first”, “second” and the like may refer to different or identical objects. Other explicit and implicit definitions may also be included below'.

[0015] It should be noted that headings of any of sections / subsections provided herein are not limiting. Various implementations are described herein throughout, and any type of implementation may be included under any section / subsection. Further, implementations described in any section / subsection may be combined in any manner with any other implementations described in the same section / subsection and / or different sections / subsections.

[0016] Herein, unless explicitly stated, performing a step “in response to A” does not mean that the step is performed immediately after “A”, but may include one or more intermediate steps.

[0017] As used herein, a group of elements, element groups, or similar expressions may include zero, one, or more such elements. The group of elements may be ordered or unordered. For example, “a group of separation lines” may include zero, one, or more separation lines. As used herein, an element sequence or similar expressions may include one or more such elements, and the elements in the sequence are ordered.

[0018] As used herein, the term “model” may learn associations between respective inputs and outputs from training data so that corresponding outputs may be generated for a given input aftertraining is completed. Generation of the model may be based on machine learning techniques. Deep learning (DL) is a machine learning algorithm that processes inputs and provides corresponding outputs by using multi-layer processing units. A neural network model is one example of a deep learning-based model. The "‘model'’ may also be referred to herein as a “machine learning model”, “learning model”, “machine learning network” or “learning network”, and these terms may be used interchangeably herein.Example Environment and Basic Principle

[0019] Microwave ovens have become an essential cooking appliance owing to their convenience and efficiency. However, during heating food by using a microwave oven, non-uniform heating often occurs. For example, edges of the food have been overheated while the center of the food remains cold. This situation affects heating effect of the food, and may even cause food safety issues. This occurs because electromagnetic waves (e.g., microwaves) form standing waves within a canty of the microwave oven. At wave nodes, the amplitude is consistently zero, which results in no heating. Thus, a (food) area positioned at the wave node remains cold. Conversely, a (food) area at antinodes can heat up much more rapidly. This discrepancy between the nodes and the antinodes leads to non-uniform heating of the food, with some areas being overheated while others remain underheated.

[0020] In order to solve this problem, a traditional microwave oven is usually provided with a turner, and the food is continuously rotated through rotation of the turner, so that the food is in contact with microwaves at different positions, thereby being uniformly heated. However, the turner also has some limitations, for example, only the heating uniformity' in the horizontal plane can be improved to a limited extent (which means that some areas of food remain unheated), and a temperature distribution in the vertical direction almost cannot be improved. In addition, the turner structure occupies space and is not suitable for heating large or specially shaped food, so that the problem of heating uniformity still exists.[0021JFIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example environment 100 in which implementations of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1. the environment 100 includes a cavity 120. In a scenario of a micro wave oven, the cavity 120 may be a heating cavity of the microwave oven. The cavity 120 includes an electromagnetic wave source 130 for emitting an electromagnetic wave. As an example, frequency of the electromagnetic wave is 2.45 GHz. Within the cavity 120. an auxiliary heating metasurface 110 is also included. The auxiliary heating metasurface 110 may be deployed directly facing the electromagnetic wave source 130. The auxiliary heating metasurface 110 resonates yvith the electromagnetic wave through its specific structure, thereby adjusting a phase and path of the electromagnetic wave. The electromagnetic wave emitted by the electromagnetic wave source 130 passes through theauxiliary heating metasurface 110, and the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 adjusts and controls waveform of the electromagnetic wave through resonance effect, so that the standing wave distribution in the cavity of the cavity 120 is optimized. By adjusting the distribution of these standing waves, the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 can more uniformly transmit the electromagnetic wave energy to a heating object 140 in the cavity 120. so that the heating object 140 is heated more uniformly, thereby effectively improving heating effect and reducing local overheating or underheating.

[0022] It should be understood that components and arrangements in the environment shown in FIG. 1 are merely examples, and a computing system suitable for implementing implementations described in the present disclosure may include one or more different components, other components, and / or different arrangements.

[0023] It should be understood that the structure and function of various elements in the environment 100 are described for example purposes only, and do not imply any limitation on the scope of the present disclosure.

[0024] According to implementations of the present disclosure, an auxiliary heating metasurface is provided to adjust a heating scheme. In this solution, the auxiliary' heating metasurface includes a two-layer structure. A first layer of the auxiliary' heating metasurface includes at least one hollow structure. The first layer is configured to adjust a propagation characteristic of an emitted electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave source through the at least one hollow structure, a shape of the hollow structure being determined at least based on a frequency of the electromagnetic wave. A second layer of the auxiliary heating metasurface is deployed parallel to the first layer, the second layer being configured to reflect an electromagnetic wave passing through the at least one hollow structure.

[0025] The auxiliary heating metasurface, through the resonance of the hollow structure of the first layer and the electromagnetic wave source, can accurately adjust the phase and propagation path of the electromagnetic wave, optimize the standing wave mode in the cavity, and make the electromagnetic wave energy distributed more uniformly in the cavity. Not only the heat distribution is improved on the horizontal plane, but also the heating uniformity is improved in the vertical direction. In addition, the auxiliary' heating metasurface can further enhance energy' concentration effect through a reflection function of the second layer, so that food is heated more uniformly.

[0026] Compared with the problem that heating uniformity is improved by relying on rotation of the turner in a traditional solution, the auxiliary heating metasurface can overcome the limitation that the turner can only adjust heat distribution on the horizontal plane. In addition, the metasurface structure is compact in design, does not occupy too much cavity body space, issuitable for various food shapes and sizes, and solves the problem that the heating effect of the turner on large-size or specially shaped food is poor.

[0027] The optimization of the auxiliary7heating metasurface may be performed with an electronic device. The electronic device may be any system having computing capability, for example, various computing devices / sy stems, terminal devices, servers, and the like. The terminal device may be any type of mobile terminal, fixed terminal or portable terminal, including a mobile phone, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a netbook computers, a tablet computer, a media computer, a multimedia tablet, or any combination of the foregoing, including accessories and peripherals of these devices, or any combination thereof. The Servers include, but are not limited to, mainframes, edge computing nodes, computing devices in a cloud environment, and the like.Example Method for Optimizing Auxiliary Heating Metasurface

[0028] Optimizing an auxiliary heating metasurface may first model a microwave oven using an electronic device. By measuring different parts of the micro wave oven, a three-dimensional model conforming to a geometric shape of the actual microwave oven may be obtained. Within the three-dimensional model, the electronic device may construct a three-dimensional model such as a transmitter, a waveguide chamber, a magnetron, etc. within the cavity, and simulate cavity material. Since optimizing the auxiliary heating metasurface may be based on adjustment of an electromagnetic wave inside the cavity, the three-dimensional model may also be referred to as a cavity model.

[0029] The electronic device may simulate an emission of the electromagnetic wave by using the simulation model to obtain a simulated electromagnetic wave. As an example, the electronic device may utilize electromagnetic simulation software (e.g., HFSS) to perform accurate modeling of a propagation characteristic of the electromagnetic wave within a microwave oven cavity. The simulation model may truly simulate the reflection, refraction and standing wave modes of the electromagnetic wave in the cavity based on factors such as the characteristic of the electromagnetic wave, size and material of the cavity. The propagation characteristic may include a phase characteristic, a reflection characteristic, a transmission characteristic, an attenuation and absorption characteristic, and the like.

[0030] FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart 200 of a method for optimizing an auxiliary heating metasurface in which implementations of the present disclosure can be implemented. Optimizing the auxiliary' heating metasurface may be performed by a metasurface component design (optimization) device. For example, it may be done with an electronic device, but some of the operations may be performed by requesting a server device (not shown). Taking the electronic device as an example to complete optimizing the auxiliary7heating metasurface.

[0031] At block 201, the electronic device obtains an adjusted electromagnetic wave based on an adjustment of a propagation characteristic of a simulated electromagnetic wave in a cavity model by an auxiliary heating metasurface.

[0032] The electronic device may first build an initialized auxiliary heating metasurface. In the cavity model, the initialized auxiliary heating metasurface is typically deployed parallel to an oven wall opposite the magnetron. In order to achieve effective resonance of the simulated electromagnetic wave, the reflective surface between the auxiliary' heating metasurface and the opposite cavity wall needs to be considered during initial design to meet a condition for the standing wave. The condition for the standing wave may be that a length of the cavity is an integer multiple of the wavelength of the simulated electromagnetic wave, so that a reflected simulated electromagnetic wave and an incident simulated electromagnetic wave form a stable standing wave mode, and the electromagnetic energy can be centrally distributed in the cavity model.

[0033] The initialized auxiliary heating metasurface comprises a first layer and a second layer parallel to each other. A hollow shape of the first layer is initialized to match the simulated electromagnetic wave frequency to achieve fundamental resonance effect. The hollow shape generates resonance at the frequency of the incident simulated electromagnetic w ave, so that a total path length from the magnetron to the auxiliary' heating metasurface plus phase offset of the auxiliary heating metasurface exactly meets the condition for the standing wave. In this way, the auxiliary heating metasurface not only can adjust a propagation path and phase distribution of the simulated electromagnetic wave, but also can amplify electric field intensify through the resonance to realize concentration of the electromagnetic wave energy.

[0034] When the simulated electromagnetic wave reaches the first layer of the initialized auxiliary’ heating metasurface, the hollow structure of the first layer adjusts the phase and amplitude of the simulated electromagnetic w ave through the resonance. Part of the simulated electromagnetic is reflected by the first layer, and other part of the simulated electromagnetic passes through the hollow structure to reach the second layer. The second layer serves as a reflective layer, and the simulated electromagnetic wave reaching the second layer will be reflected back. The hollow structure of the first layer adjusts the phase and amplitude of the reflected simulated electromagnetic wave again through the resonance.

[0035] The double-layer metasurface structure may change the phase and propagation path of the simulated electromagnetic wave, thereby redistributing the standing wave mode in the cavity model. The initialized hollow shape enables the auxiliary heating metasurface to resonate with the simulated electromagnetic w ave in an initial state, and provides a good basis for subsequent shape optimization.

[0036] At block 202. the electronic device determines a heating simulation result for a heatingobject based on the interaction of the adjusted electromagnetic wave with the heating object.[0037JA simulated electromagnetic wave field adjusted by the initialized auxiliary heating metasurface is combined with a heating object (such as water, food and the like) to simulate an interaction process in the simulation model. Through simulation, an electromagnetic field distribution and energy absorption rate inside the heating object can be obtained. The data may be converted into a distribution map of temperature rise, reflecting a temperature change of the heating object at different positions.

[0038] At block 203, the electronic device determines a configuration parameter of the auxiliary' heating metasurface based on the heating simulation result, the configuration parameters including at least one of a structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface or a position within a cavity entity represented by the cavity model.

[0039] If the heating simulation result indicates that a temperature distribution of the heating obj ect has not reached an ideal state, the structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface may be adjusted based on these results. FIG. 3A illustrates a schematic diagram of a side view schematic of a structure 300A in which implementations of the present disclosure can be implemented. As an example, adjusting the structure of the auxiliary' heating metasurface may include adjusting a structural parameters such as a shape parameter of the hollow structure of the first layer 301, a distance d between the first layer 301 and the second layer 302, and a distance b between the auxiliary heating metasurface and the microwave source. As an example, the hollow structure of the first layer 301 is a cross-shaped hollow structure. The shape parameter of the cross-shaped hollow structure may include a parameter such as a length 1 and a width w

[0040] FIG. 3B illustrates a schematic diagram of a main view of a structure 300A of an auxiliary’ heating metasurface 110 in which implementations of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the example shown in FIG. 3B, a first layer 301 includes a plurality of hollow structures. Correspondingly, spacing between the plurality of hollow structures may also be used as a structural parameter.

[0041] ln addition, a shape length a of the first layer 301 and the second layer 302 may be determined based on the model, size, etc. of a microwave oven. These structural parameters directly affect resonance and phase modulation capability of the auxiliary' heating metasurface to the simulated electromagnetic wave. By adjusting the structure parameters, a propagation characteristic of the simulated electromagnetic wave in the cavity model may be optimized, so that the simulated electromagnetic wave better meets an energy distribution requirement expected in the cavity entity represented by the cavity model. Furthermore, in addition to determining the structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface, a position of the auxiliary heating metasurface in the cavity entity represented by the cavity model may also be determined, and a better heatingeffect may be achieved through configuration of the structure and the position.

[0042] This optimization process is typically iterative. After each adjustment of the structural parameters, a new heating simulation result is obtained and evaluated again. Through a plurality of iterations, a configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface capable of enabling the heating object to achieve the best heating effect may be determined. The optimization process may be completed by, for example, a gradient descent algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, or a machine learning method etc.

[0043] The configuration parameter optimization method based on the simulation result ensures that the auxiliary heating metasurface can remarkably improve the heating uniformity in practical, and solves the problems of hot spots and cold spots in traditional microwave heating.

[0044] As an example of the heating simulation result, the heating simulation result includes an overall received power of the heating object to the adjusted electromagnetic wave. The electronic device determines a configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface by maximizing the overall received power.[0045JFIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a heating simulation 400 in which implementations of the present disclosure can be implemented. Within a cavity model 401, a beaker with around 60 mL water is used as an example of a heating object 402. The goal is to maximize overall electromagnetic power absorbed by the heating object. Water is a main electromagnetic energy absorbing substance at a microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz, and has a large specific heat capacity, which means that temperature rise of water is slow when absorbing electromagnetic energy, so water is an ideal reference object for measuring heating efficiency and uniformity.[0046JA structural parameter corresponding to the structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 may be defined as Pl = {w. I, d, b}. I may represent a length parameter of the hollow structure in the first layer 301. w may represent a width parameter of the hollow structure of the first layer 301. d may represent a distance between the first layer 301 and the second layer 302. b may represent a distance between the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 and the microwave source 130.

[0047] The mathematical expression for maximizing the overall electromagnetic power absorbed by the heating object is:where Lir(x,y,z) may represent dielectric loss density at a point Ltl( (x,y,z) represents a coordinate of the point Ltl) within the cavity model 401. and the integral v may indicate the volume of water. The dielectric loss density Ltl(x,y,z) reflects absorption intensity of thewater per unit volume to the simulated electromagnetic energy, and the integral result represents total absorption amount of the water to the simulated electromagnetic wave energy.

[0048] In determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110, a gradient optimization method may be used. The gradient of the target is calculated, and each variable in the structure parameter P or its position in the cavity is adjusted in a gradient direction. The determination process sets a maximum number of iterations or convergence criteria, and once these conditions are met, the electronic device may determine the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110.

[0049] In order to optimize standing wave distribution in the cavity; a plurality of auxiliary’ heating metasurfaces 110 may also be deployed in the cavity model 401, so that corresponding configuration parameters of the plurality’ of auxiliary' heating metasurfaces 110 may be determined simultaneously. Taking 2 auxiliary heating metasurfaces 110 as an example, the electronic device determines the corresponding configuration parameters of the plurality of auxiliary heating metasurfaces 110 by maximizing the received power of the adjusted electromagnetic wave at the at least one predetermined position of the heating object.

[0050] Taking a piece of toast bread as the heating object as an example, regions corresponding to four corners of the toast bread may be used as predetermined positions. A structure parameter corresponding to the structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 may be defined as Pi = {di, bi}, where i may represent an identifier (number) of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110, di may represent a distance between the first layer 301 and the second layer 302 in the i-th auxiliary heating metasurface 110, and bi may represent a distance between the i-th auxiliary heating metasurface 110 and the micro wave source 130.

[0051] The mathematical expression for maximizing the received power of the adjusted electromagnetic wave at the at least one predetermined position of the heating object is:where Li2(x, y,z) in the mathematical expression (2) may represent the dielectric loss density at the predetermined position Vs . The structure and the deploying position of each auxiliary’ heating metasurface 110 are adjusted through the electronic equipment, so that each auxiliary heating metasurface 110 can provide more effective heating pow er for the predetermined position, and finally achieving concentrated heating of a specific area in the whole heating process.

[0052] The above process can achieve more complex heating requirements by jointly optimizing a plurality of auxiliary heating metasurfaces 110. This flexible configuration may meet diversity of different heating objects and heating requirements, and may be extended to more auxiliary heating metasurfaces 110, so that each auxiliary’ heating metasurface 110 may adapt to arequirement of a specific heating object, and provide a more uniform and efficient heating effect.

[0053] For a case where the plurality of auxiliary heating metasurfaces 110 are deployed within the cavity' model, the electronic device may further determine configuration parameters of the plurality of auxiliary heating metasurfaces 110 by maximizing the received power of the adjusted electromagnetic wave at the at least one predetermined position or by reducing a difference between the received power of the adj usted electromagnetic wave at the at least one predetermined position and the target received power.

[0054] The electronic device may control the distribution of the simulated electromagnetic wave within the cavity model 401 by adjusting the deploying position of each auxiliary heating metasurface 110 within the cavity model 401, so that the simulated electromagnetic wave is concentrated at least one predetermined position of the heating object, thereby achieving a more uniform or directional heating effect. Based on this, the electronic device may determine a relative position of the plurality’ of auxiliary heating metasurfaces 110 within the cavity entity represented by the cavity model 401.

[0055] For example, if the heating obj ect is food that needs to concentrate heating at its four comers (for example, concentrate heating four comers of the toast bread), the electromagnetic wave may be guided to form high-intensity energy areas at four comers by adjusting relative positions of the plurality of auxiliary heating metasurfaces 110. Such a configuration allows the plurality of metasurfaces to yvork together, guiding and focusing the electromagnetic wave in three-dimensional space to achieve uniform or concentrated heating at a particular area. According to such a flexible relative position optimization design, each metasurface can be accurately adjusted based on the shape of the heating object and the heating requirement, and maximum heating efficiency can be ensured.

[0056] In addition, the target receiving power of the at least one predetermined position of the heating object may also be set. The respective structure of the plurality of auxiliary heating metasurfaces and the relative position within the cavity may be determined by reducing the difference between the received power of the adjusted electromagnetic wave at the at least one predetermined position and the target received power.

[0057] To achieve higher heating uniformity, the electronic device may divide the heating object into a plurality' of sub-regions, and determine the heating simulation result based on a heat absorption value of each sub-region. The configuration parameters of the auxiliary heating metasurface are determined by maximizing a minimum heat absorption value of the each subregion. In this way, energy' absorption efficiency betyveen the each sub-region tends to be consistent.

[0058] The electronic device divides the heating object into a plurality of non-overlapping sub-regions (e.g., Vi, V2, > , Vn). A structure parameter corresponding to the structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 may be defined as Pu = {d, b}, and d may represent the distance between the first layer 301 and the second layer 302. b may represent the distance between the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 and the microwave source 130. The mathematical expression that maximizes the minimum heat absorption value of the each sub-region is:where La(x,y,z) may represent the dielectric loss density at the i-th(l < i <n) sub-region Vi. The structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 is adjusted through the electronic device, so that the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 can maximize the minimum heat absorption value in all sub-regions. This optimization ensures that energy absorption of each sub-region is more uniform, avoids local overheating or underheating, and achieves a more uniform three-dimensional heating effect.

[0059] In another example, the electronic device may determine the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface by reducing a difference between the target received power distribution and the received power distribution of the electromagnetic wave by the heating object. For example, the target receiving power of the heating object to the electromagnetic wave may be determined based on a heating requirement. Therefore, the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface may be determined based on continuously reducing the difference between the target receiving power distribution and the receiving power distribution of the electromagnetic wave by the heating object.

[0060] The above structure for determining the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 may be an accurate simulated electromagnetic wave. Some deviations often occur between the simulation environment corresponding to the cavity model and the real product. As an example, due to reasons such as components of some real products (e.g., microwave ovens) and usage loss and the like, the electromagnetic wave thereof is not 2.45 GHz, and thus a deviation will occur. Secondly, dielectric coefficients of glass plates of some real products will affect absorption and reflectivity of electromagnetic waves, thereby affecting field distribution. In addition, glass plates used by different brands may come from different manufacturers, thereby also producing different heating distribution. Finally, slight deviations may also occur during constructing the cavity model 401. Therefore, in order to model the actual heating effect better, noise may be added to the simulated electromagnetic wave to make it more similar to an actual environment.

[0061] In an example, the electronic device may determine the cavity model in the following manner. A measurement result of a heating process in the cavity entity represented by the cavity model is obtained. The cavity entity is modeled to obtain an initial model of the cavity entity. Thecavity model is obtained by updating a parameter of the initial model based on the measurement result.

[0062] Taking the cavity7model as a microwave oven model as an example, the electronic device obtains a measurement result of a heating process in a real microwave oven cavity, for example, data such as temperature distribution and heat absorption. Next, the electronic device may model the cavity body of the microwave oven to obtain an initial three-dimensional model, including basic parameters such as geometry of the cavity7, material characteristics, and a position of the electromagnetic wave source. Then, based on the previously obtained measurement result, the parameters of the initial model are updated and corrected, for example, adjusting geometry of an emitter, frequency deviation, and dielectric properties of the cavity material, to obtain a more accurate simulated microwave oven cavity7model. Through this process, the constructed simulation cavity model can better reflect performance of the actual microwave oven.

[0063] For the measurement result, the electronic device may obtain a measured value of the temperature distribution in the real cavity based on the actual heating process in the real cavity. The measured value may be obtained by7thermal imaging or temperature sensors, reflecting a temperature change of each region in the real cavity7during the actual heating process. The electronic device may obtain simulation value of the temperature distribution in the cavity model by simulating the heating process in the real cavity.

[0064] The electronic device evaluates the difference using a cost function (e.g., peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR)) by comparing the difference between the measured value of the temperature distribution and the simulated value of the temperature distribution. When the measured value of the temperature distribution is similar to the simulated value of the temperature distribution, the cost function value is relatively high; otherw ise, when the difference between the measured value of the temperature distribution and the simulated value of the temperature distribution is relatively large, the cost function value is relatively low. By calculating the cost function, the difference between the simulated temperature distribution and the actual measured distribution may be quantified.

[0065] The cost function value is used as a feedback index to guide generation and adjustment of the cavity' model and the simulated electromagnetic wave in the cavity' model. If the cost function value is relatively low, it indicates that there is a relatively large difference between the simulation value of the temperature distribution and the measured value of the temperature distribution, the electronic device may adjust the cavity model and related parameters (such as frequency and a dielectric coefficient) of the simulated electromagnetic wave, and gradually optimize the cavity model and the simulated electromagnetic wave. This process is repeated until the cost function value reaches a set convergence criterion or reaches a specified number of iterations.

[0066] Through this optimization process based on cost function feedback, the cavity model and the simulation electromagnetic wave in the cavity model may be more accurately determined, so that the cavity model and the simulation electromagnetic wave in the cavity model conform to the actual electromagnetic field condition, and the structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface is subsequently determined.

[0067] In addition to the above process of determining the structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110, there are some basic requirements for the auxiliary heating metasurface 110. For example, flame retardant requirements, polarization adaptation requirements, etc.

[0068] As an example, the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 is a passive metasurface, so that risk of burning of lumped elements such as transistors due to high power can be avoided. Because of varying directions of the electromagnetic wave in the microwave oven, the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 needs to respond to electric fields in different directions. Therefore, the hollow' structure of the first layer 301 is designed to be centrosymmetric to approach an isotropic resonance behavior and to adapt to multi-directional electnc field oscillations.

[0069] The auxiliary heating metasurface requires prevention of sparking or burning. Metallic objects will cause high electric field concentration in the microwave oven due to edge effect, causing sparks. Therefore, rough edges are avoided in the design, and if the first layer includes more than one hollow structures, a large enough gap (for example, not less than 6 mm) is saved between each of the hollow structures.

[0070] The auxiliary heating metasurface 110 adopts a substrate-free design, and all hollow^ structures are topologically connected. A passive metasurface w ithout a substrate is used, that is, only a metal structure is used, and does not include any substrate. Since the substrate material absorbs a portion of the electromagnetic energy and convert it into heat, w hich causes energy loss. The substrate-free design may reduce heat loss and increase transmission of the electromagnetic wave energy to food. Risk of overheating and arc discharging of the substrate material is reduced and improved safety and durability.Auxiliary heatins principle about auxiliary heatins metasurface

[0071] In implementations of the present disclosure, at least one auxiliary heating metasurface 110 is deployed within a cavity' containing an electromagnetic w ave source (e.g., within a microw ave oven). As shown in FIG. 3A or FIG. 3B, the first layer 301 of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 includes at least one hollow structure, the first layer is configured to adjust a propagation characteristic of an emitted electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave source through the at least one hollow- structure, and a shape of the hollow' structure is determined at least based on a frequency of the electromagnetic wave. The second layer 302 of the auxiliary heating metasurface is deployed parallel to the first layer, and the second layer is configured to reflect anelectromagnetic wave passing through the at least one hollow structure.

[0072] The first layer 301 of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 includes at least one hollow structure, and shape of the hollow structure is designed based on an emission frequency (such as microwave frequency) of the electromagnetic wave source to ensure resonance with the electromagnetic wave at a specific frequency. The hollow structure adjusts a propagation characteristic (including distribution of phases and paths) of the hollow structure through interaction with the electromagnetic wave, so that the electromagnetic wave can form a more optimized standing wave mode in the cavity. Through this structural design, the first layer 301 can effectively adjust reflection and transmission behaviors of the electromagnetic wave in the cavity, so that different areas of the heating object can obtain relatively uniform energy distribution.

[0073] The second layer 302 of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 is disposed parallel to the first layer 301, and is configured to reflect the electromagnetic wave passing through the hollow structure of the first layer 301. The second layer has an all-metal structure, and the second layer 302 is configured to be spaced apart from the first layer 301 by a specified distance, so that the electromagnetic wave adjusted by the first layer 301 and the second layer 302 reaches a specified phase modulation range to form a standing wave. Reflection effect of the second layer 302 not only can redirect the electromagnetic wave back into the cavity to further enhance uniformity of the energy distribution, but also can assist in phase adjustment on the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the first layer 301, so that the electromagnetic wave forms a more accurate energy concentration area in the cavity. In this way, a combination of the first layer 301 and the second layer 302 can work together inside the cavity change the propagation characteristic of the electromagnetic wave, and improve the uniformity of overall heating.

[0074] Through a design of the double-layer metasurface structure, the distribution of the electromagnetic wave in the cavity may be more uniform, so that phenomena of '‘hot spots” or “cold spots” in the heating process is reduced, and finally the overall heating effect on the heating object is improved.

[0075] The first layer 301 of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 generates a resonance effect with the emitted electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave source through the at least one hollow structure thereon to adjust its propagation characteristic. Under a resonance condition, the hollow structure is matched with a specific frequency of the electromagnetic wave, so that phase and energy distribution of an incident electromagnetic wave at the frequency are adjusted.

[0076] The adjusted emitted electromagnetic wave is divided into two parts, where a first part is directly reflected back into the cavity by a metal surface of the first layer 301, so as to form an appropriate standing wave mode in the cavity7and optimize distribution of electric field. A second part is transmitted to the second layer 302 through the hollow structure. The second layer 302 willreflect this part of the transmitted electromagnetic wave to redistribute it in the cavity, thereby providing a more uniform heating effect for the heating object. The design of the double-layer structure ensures effective utilization of electromagnetic wave energy in the cavity, so that the propagation characteristic of the emitted electromagnetic wave is optimized.

[0077] 0n the other hand, the first layer 301 of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 generates a resonance effect with the reflected electromagnetic wave from the second layer 301 through the at least one hollow structure thereon to adjust the propagation characteristic of the reflected electromagnetic wave. Specifically, the electromagnetic wave is reflected after reaching the second layer 302 through the hollow structure of the first layer 301 to form a secondary reflected wave, and the secondary reflected wave resonates with the hollow structure of the first layer 301 again. The resonance effect further adjusts the propagation path and phase of the reflected electromagnetic wave, and optimizes the distribution of the reflected electromagnetic wave in the cavity. With this design, the adjusted reflected electromagnetic wave will be divided into two parts with one part being reflected back into the cavity by the first layer 301 and the other part passing through the hollow structure again into the cavity. This design ensures that the phase and intensity distribution of the reflected electromagnetic wave in the cavity is uniform to achieve more optimal heating uniformity and efficiency.[0078JA comer of the at least one hollow structure of the first layer 301 of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 is set to be a rounded comer. The design where such a comer is set to be a rounded comer has several advantages, especially improved safety and durability' in high power microwave environments. Firstly, the design where the comer is set to be a rounded comer may effectively reduce field strength concentration of the electromagnetic wave at the comer, “edge effect" generated by the electric field at a sharp edge is reduced, so an electric arc discharge and a spark risk caused by too high local electric field are avoided, and stability and safety' of the device under high power are ensured.

[0079] Furthermore, the design where the comer is set to be a rounded comer also enhances durability of the metasurface. Under frequent microwave radiation and thermal cycling, a sharp comer is more susceptible to stress concentration, causing material fatigue and even damage. The rounded comer design helps to spread the stress so that the metasurface can maintain structural integrity for extended use.

[0080] In practical, the hollow structure in which the comers are set as rounded comers can not only improve safety and stability’ of the auxiliary heating metasurface, but also improve the propagation characteristic of the electromagnetic wave, so that phases of the reflected and transmitted waves are smoother, thereby achieving a more uniform heating effect.

[0081] The propagation characteristic of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 is mentioned above.The phase characteristic is an important characteristic of the propagation characteristic. By designing at least one cross-shaped hollow structure in the first layer 301, the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 can generate a resonance effect when interacting with the electromagnetic wave. The resonance effect enables the incident electromagnetic wave to perform phase modulation at the cross-shaped hollow structure. Since the geometric design (such as length and width) of the cross-shaped hollow structure is determined based on an operating frequency (usually 2.45 GHz) of the electromagnetic wave, for example, it may be designed to adjust the electromagnetic wave to reach a specified phase modulation range. Therefore, the structure can achieve resonance at a specific frequency, so that the phase of the electromagnetic wave can be adjusted.

[0082] Further, the spacing between the first layer 301 and the second layer 302 is configured to a specified spacing. A path length of the electromagnetic wave when reflected between the two layers may be changed by this spacing. This change in the path length further affects phase distribution of the electromagnetic wave, so that the metasurface can continuously adjust the phase of the electromagnetic wave, covering a full period from 0 to 2n. This full period phase adjustment capability may be used to accurately control the propagation behavior of electromagnetic waves in the cavity, thereby optimizing the heating effect.

[0083] The first layer 301 and the second layer 302 of the auxiliary heating metasurface 110 are metal layers and do not include a substrate. Since the substrate material absorbs a portion of the electromagnetic energy, and convert it into heat, which causes energy loss. The substrate-free design may reduce heat loss and increase the transmission of the electromagnetic wave energy to food. Risk of overheating and arc discharging of the substrate material is reduced and improved safety and durability.

[0084] In the above example, the auxiliary heating metasurface is used for auxiliary heating of the microwave oven. In addition, this design also has potential for other applications, such as electromagnetic wave hyperthermia, tumor hyperthermia, hyperthermia, thermosensitive drug delivery, wound healing and tissue repair, local fat reduction (lipolysis), tumor hyperthermia, microwave ablation for tumor resection, orthopedic and physical therapy heating, sterilization of medical devices, inhalation treatment and respiratory therapy, microwave assisted imaging, wound healing and tissue repair, material processing, soft robots, and the like.

[0085] It should be understood that the training process of the model described above is merely for example and is not intended to be limiting.[0086JFIG. 5 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an electronic device capable of implementing a plurality of implementations of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the electronic device 500 shown in FIG. 5 is merely for example and should not constituteany limitation on functions and scopes of the implementations described in the present disclosure.

[0087] As shown in FIG. 5, the electronic device 500 includes an electronic device 500 in a form of a general purpose computing device. Components of the electronic device 500 may include, but are not limited to, one or more processors or processing devices 510, a memory 520, a storage device 530, one or more communication units 540, one or more input devices 550, and one or more output devices 560.

[0088] In some implementations, the electronic device 500 may be implemented as a computing device, a computing system, a server, a mainframe, or another device with computing capability.

[0089] The processing device 510 may be an actual or virtual processor and can perform various processes according to programs stored in the memory 520. In a multi-processor system, a plurality of processing units executes computer-executable instructions in parallel to improve parallel processing capability of the electronic device 500. The processing device 510 may include a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a microprocessor, a controller, and / or a microcontroller, among others.

[0090] The electronic device 500 typically includes a plurality of computer storage media. Such media may be any available media accessible to the electronic device 500, including but not limited to volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. The memory 520 may include a volatile memory (e.g.. register, cache, random access memory (RAM)), a nonvolatile memory (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory), or some combination thereof. The storage device 530 may include removable or non-removable media, and may include computer-readable media such as memories, flash drives, magnetic disks, or any other medium that can be used to store information and / or data and that can be accessed within the electronic device 500.

[0091] The electronic device 500 may further include additional removable / non-removable, volatile / non-volatile storage media. Although not shown in FIG. 5, a magnetic disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk and an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile optical disk may be provided. In these cases, each drive may be connected to a bus (not shown) by one or more data media interfaces.

[0092] The communication unit 540 enables communication with another computing device through a communication medium. Additionally, functionality of the components of the electronic device 500 may be implemented in a single computing cluster or a plurality of computing machines which is capable of communicating over a communication connection. Thus, the electronic device 500 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more other servers, personal computers (PCs), or another general network node.

[0093] The input device 550 may be one or more various input devices, such as a mouse, akeyboard, a data import device, and the like. The output device 560 may be one or more output devices, such as a display, a data export device, or the like. The electronic device 500 may also communicate through the communication unit 540 as needed with one or more external devices (not shown), such as a storage device, a display device, etc. , with one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the electronic device 500, or with any device (e.g.. a network card, a modem, etc. ) that enables the electronic device 500 to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication may be performed via an input / output (I / O) interface (not shown).

[0094] In some implementations, in addition to being integrated on a single device, some or all of the various components of the electronic device 500 may also be deployed in a form of a cloud computing architecture. In the cloud computing architecture, these components may be remotely arranged and may work together to implement the functionality described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, cloud computing provides computing, software, data access, and storage services that do not require end users to know a physical location or configuration of the system or hardware providing these services. In various implementations, cloud computing provides services over a wide area network, such as the Internet, using appropriate protocols. For example, cloud computing providers provide applications over a wide area network, and they can be accessed through a web browser or any other computing component. Software or components of the cloud computing architecture and corresponding data may be stored on a server at a remote location. Computing resources in the cloud computing environment may be consolidated at remote data center locations or they may be dispersed. Cloud computing infrastructure may provide services through shared data centers even though they appear as a single access point for users. Thus, the components and functionality described herein may be provided from a service provider at a remote location using a cloud computing architecture. Alternatively, they may be provided from a conventional server, or they may be installed on a client device directly or in other manners.

[0095] The electronic device 500 may be used to implement a cell analysis process in a plurality of implementations of the present disclosure to determine driving gene. The memory’ 520 may include one or more modules having one or more program instructions, the modules may be accessed and executed by the processing unit 510 to implement the functions of the various implementations described herein. For example, the memory’ 520 may include a metasurface determining module 525 configured to perform an optimized auxiliary heating metasurface process in one or more of the foregoing implementations, that is. a process of determining an auxiliary heating metasurface. As shown in FIG. 5, the electronic device 500 may obtain a heating simulation result for a heating object through the input device 550, and may provide a structure for the auxiliary' heating metasurface through the output device 560. In some implementations, the electronic device 500 may also receive input from other devices (not shown) via thecommunication unit 540.

[0096] Some example implementations of the present disclosure are listed below.

[0097] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an auxiliary heating metasurface configured to be deployed within a cavity containing an electromagnetic wave source, the auxiliary heating metasurface comprising: a first layer comprising at least one hollow structure, the first layer being configured to adjust a propagation characteristic of an emitted electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave source through the at least one hollow structure, a shape of the hollow structure being determined at least based on a frequency of the electromagnetic wave. A second layer is deployed parallel to the first layer, the second layer being configured to reflect an electromagnetic wave passing through the at least one hollow structure.

[0098] In some example implementations, the second layer has an all-metal structure, the second layer being configured to be spaced apart from the first layer by a specified distance, so that an electromagnetic wave adjusted by the first layer and the second layer reaches a specified phase modulation range to form a standing wave.

[0099] In some example implementations, a comer of one of the at least one hollow structure is set to be a rounded comer.[OlOOJIn some example implementations, the propagation characteristic includes a phase characteristic, and one of the at least one hollow structure of the first layer of the auxiliary heating metasurface is designed to adjust the electromagnetic wave to reach a specified phase modulation range.[01011 In some example implementations, one of the at least one hollow structure is a cross-shaped hollow structure.

[0102] In some example implementations, the first layer and the second layer of the auxiliary heating metasurface are metal layers.

[0103] In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for optimizing an auxiliary’ heating metasurface. The method comprises: obtaining an adjusted electromagnetic wave based on an adjustment of a propagation characteristic of a simulated electromagnetic wave in a cavity model by an auxiliary heating metasurface. Based on interaction of the adjusted electromagnetic wave with a heating object, a heating simulation result for the heating object is determined. A configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface is determined based on the heating simulation result, the configuration parameter includes at least one of: a structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface or a position within a cavity entity represented by the cavity model.

[0104] In some example implementations, the heating simulation result comprises a received power distribution of the adjusted electromagnetic wave by the heating object, and determiningthe configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface comprises: determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface by reducing a difference between a target received power distribution and the received power distribution of the adjusted electromagnetic wave by the heating object.

[0105] In some example implementations, the heating simulation result comprises an overall received power of the adjusted electromagnetic wave by the heating object, and determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface comprises: determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface by maximizing the overall received power.

[0106] In some example implementations, the auxiliary heating metasurface is one of a plurality of auxiliary heating metasurfaces, the heating simulation result comprises a received power of the adjusted electromagnetic wave at least one predetermined position of the heating object, and determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary' heating metasurface comprises: determining respective configuration parameters of the plurality of auxiliary heating metasurfaces by at least one of: maximizing the received power of the adjusted electromagnetic wave at the at least one predetermined position, or reducing a difference between a received power distribution of the adjusted electromagnetic wave at the at least one predetermined position and a target received power distribution.

[0107] In some example implementations, determining the heating simulation result for the heating object includes: dividing the heating object into a plurality7of sub-regions; and determining the heating simulation result based on a heat acceptance intensity7of each of the plurality of subregions, and wherein determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface comprises: determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface by maximizing a minimum heat acceptance intensity' of the each sub-region.

[0108] In some example implementations, the auxiliary7heating metasurface comprises a first layer and a second layer parallel to each other, the first layer comprises at least one hollow structure, the first layer is configured to adjust a propagation characteristic of an electromagnetic wave from the cavity7model through the at least one hollow structure, the second layer is configured to reflect an electromagnetic wave passing through the at least one hollow structure, and determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface comprises at least one of: determining a shape parameter of the at least one hollow structure, determining a spacing between the first layer and the second layer, or determining a position of the auxiliary heating metasurface within a cavity' entity7represented by the cavity model.

[0109] In some example implementations, the cavity model is determined by: obtaining a measurement result of a heating process in the cavity entity represented by the cavity model. Thecavity entity is modeled to obtain an initial model of the cavity entity. The cavity model is obtained by updating a parameter of the initial model based on the measurement result.[OllOJIn some example implementations, obtaining the cavity7model includes: obtaining, based on the measurement result, a measured value of a temperature distribution in the cavity entity. A simulated value of the temperature distribution in the cavity entity is determined by a simulation of the heating process in the initial model. The cavity model is determined based on a difference between the measured value of the temperature distribution and the simulated value of the temperature distribution.[OlllJIn a third aspect, the present disclosure provides an electronic device, including: at least one processing unit: and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processing unit and storing instructions for execution by the at least one processing unit, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processing unit, causing the electronic device to perform acts comprising: obtaining an adjusted electromagnetic wave based on an adjustment of a propagation characteristic of a simulated electromagnetic wave in a cavity model by an auxiliary heating metasurface; determining, based on interaction of the adjusted electromagnetic wave with a heating object, a heating simulation result for the heating object; and determining, based on the heating simulation result, a configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface, the configuration parameter comprising at least one of: a structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface or a position within a cavity entity represented by the cavity model.

[0112] In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a computer program product, the computer program product being tangibly stored in a computer storage medium and comprising computer-executable instructions, the computer-executable instructions, when executed by a device, causing the device to perform acts comprising: obtaining an adjusted electromagnetic wave based on an adjustment of a propagation characteristic of a simulated electromagnetic wave in a cavity model by an auxiliary heating metasurface; determining, based on interaction of the adjusted electromagnetic wave with a heating object, a heating simulation result for the heating object; and determining, based on the heating simulation result, a configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface, the configuration parameter comprising at least one of: a structure of the auxiliary7heating metasurface or a position within a cavity entity7represented by the cavity' model.

[0113] In some example implementations, the heating simulation result comprises a received power distribution of the adjusted electromagnetic wave by the heating object, and determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary7heating metasurface comprises: determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface by reducing a difference between a target received power distribution and the received power distribution of the adjustedelectromagnetic wave by the heating object.

[0114] In some example implementations, the auxiliary heating metasurface comprises a first layer and a second layer parallel to each other, the first layer comprises at least one hollow structure, the first layer is configured to adjust a propagation characteristic of an electromagnetic wave from the cavity model through the at least one hollow structure, the second layer is configured to reflect an electromagnetic wave passing through the at least one hollow structure, and determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface comprises at least one of: determining a shape parameter of the at least one hollow structure, determining a spacing between the first layer and the second layer, or determining a position of the auxiliary heating metasurface within a cavity entity represented by the cavity model.

[0115] In some example implementations, the cavity model is determined by: obtaining a measurement result of a heating process in the cavity entity' represented by the cavity' model; modeling the cavity entity to obtain an initial model of the cavity entity; and obtaining the cavity model by updating a parameter of the initial model based on the measurement result.

[0116] In some example implementations, obtaining the cavity model includes: obtaining, based on the measurement result, a measured value of a temperature distribution in the cavity' entity; determining a simulated value of the temperature distribution in the cavity entity by a simulation of the heating process in the initial model; and determining the cavity model based on a difference between the measured value of the temperature distribution and the simulated value of the temperature distribution.

[0117] In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon, the computer-executable instructions, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform one or more example implementations of the method of the above aspect.

[0118] The functions described above herein may be performed, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components. For example, without limitation, example types of the hardware logic components that may be used include field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-a-chip (SOCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), and the like.

[0119] Program codes for implementing the methods of the present disclosure may be written in one programming language or any combination of programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause functions / operations specified in flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partiallyon a machine, partially on a machine as an independent software package and partially on a remote machine or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0120] In the context of the present disclosure, a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. The machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine-readable storage medium may include a one or more wire-based electrical connection, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory' (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory ), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0121] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, it should be understood that such operations are required to be performed in the particular order shown or in a sequential order, or that all illustrated operations should be performed to achieve desired results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. Certain features described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented in combination in the single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented in a plurality’ of implementations, separately or in any suitable subcombination.

[0122] Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and / or method logical acts, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are merely example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1. An auxiliary heating metasurface configured to be deployed within a cavity containing an electromagnetic wave source, the auxiliary heating metasurface comprising:a first layer comprising at least one hollow structure, the first layer being configured to adjust a propagation characteristic of an emitted electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave source through the at least one hollow structure, a shape of the hollow structure being determined at least based on a frequency of the electromagnetic wave; anda second layer being deployed parallel to the first layer, the second layer being configured to reflect an electromagnetic wave passing through the at least one hollow structure.

2. The auxiliary heating metasurface of claim 1, wherein the second layer has an all-metal structure, the second layer being configured to be spaced apart from the first layer by a specified distance, so that an electromagnetic wave adjusted by the first layer and the second layer reaches a specified phase modulation range to form a standing wave.

3. The auxiliary heating metasurface of claim 1, wherein a comer of one of the at least one hollow structure is set to be a rounded comer.

4. The auxiliary heating metasurface of claim 1, wherein the propagation characteristic comprises a phase characteristic, and one of the at least one hollow structure of the first layer of the auxiliary heating metasurface is designed to adjust the electromagnetic wave to reach a specified phase modulation range.

5. The auxiliary heating metasurface of claim 1, wherein one of the at least one hollow structure is a cross-shaped hollow structure.

6. The auxiliary heating metasurface of claim 1, wherein the first layer and the second layer of the auxiliary heating metasurface are metal layers.

7. A method for optimizing an auxiliary heating metasurface, comprising: obtaining an adjusted electromagnetic wave based on an adjustment of a propagation characteristic of a simulated electromagnetic wave in a cavity model by an auxiliary heating metasurface;determining, based on interaction of the adjusted electromagnetic wave with a heating object, a heating simulation result for the heating object; anddetermining, based on the heating simulation result, a configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface, the configuration parameter comprising at least one of: a structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface or a position within a cavity entity represented by the cavity model.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the heating simulation result comprises a received power distribution of the adjusted electromagnetic wave by the heating object, and determiningthe configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface comprises:determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface by reducing a difference between a target received power distribution and the received power distribution of the adjusted electromagnetic wave by the heating object.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the heating simulation result comprises an overall received pow er of the adjusted electromagnetic wave by the heating object, and determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface comprises:determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary' heating metasurface by maximizing the overall received power.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the auxiliary heating metasurface is one of a plurality of auxiliary heating metasurfaces, the heating simulation result comprises a received power of the adjusted electromagnetic wave at least one predetermined position of the heating object, and determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary’ heating metasurface comprises:determining respective configuration parameters of the plurality of auxiliary heating metasurfaces by at least one of:maximizing the received power of the adjusted electromagnetic wave at the at least one predetermined position, orreducing a difference betyveen a received power distribution of the adjusted electromagnetic w ave at the at least one predetermined position and a target received power distribution.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein determining the heating simulation result for the heating object comprises:dividing the heating object into a plurality of sub-regions; anddetermining the heating simulation result based on a heat acceptance intensity of each of the plurality of sub-regions, andwherein determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary’ heating metasurface comprises:determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface by maximizing a minimum heat acceptance intensity’ of the each sub-region.

12. The method of claim 7, wherein the auxiliary' heating metasurface comprises a first layer and a second layer parallel to each other, the first layer comprises at least one hollow structure, the first layer is configured to adjust a propagation characteristic of an electromagnetic wave from the cavity model through the at least one holloyv structure, the second layer is configured to reflect an electromagnetic wave passing through the at least one hollow structure, and determining the configuration parameter of the auxiliary’ heating metasurface comprises atleast one of:determining a shape parameter of the at least one hollow structure,determining a spacing between the first layer and the second layer, ordetermining a position of the auxiliary heating metasurface within a cavity entity represented by the cavity model.

13. The method of claim 7, wherein the cavity model is determined by:obtaining a measurement result of a heating process in the cavity entity represented by the cavity model;modeling the cavity entity to obtain an initial model of the cavity entity; and obtaining the cavity model by updating a parameter of the initial model based on the measurement result.

14. An electronic device, comprising:at least one processing unit; andat least one memory coupled to the at least one processing unit and storing instructions for execution by the at least one processing unit, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processing unit, causing the electronic device to perform acts comprising:obtaining an adjusted electromagnetic wave based on an adjustment of a propagation characteristic of a simulated electromagnetic wave in a cavity model by an auxiliary heating metasurface;determining, based on interaction of the adjusted electromagnetic wave with a heating object, a heating simulation result for the heating object; anddetermining, based on the heating simulation result, a configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface, the configuration parameter comprising at least one of: a structure of the auxiliary heating metasurface or a position within a cavity entity represented by the cavity model.

15. A computer program product tangibly stored in a computer storage medium and comprising computer executable instructions, the computer executable instructions, when executed by a device, causing the device to perform acts comprising:obtaining an adjusted electromagnetic wave based on an adjustment of a propagation characteristic of a simulated electromagnetic wave in a cavity model by an auxiliary heating metasurface;determining, based on interaction of the adjusted electromagnetic wave with a heating object, a heating simulation result for the heating object; anddetermining, based on the heating simulation result, a configuration parameter of the auxiliary heating metasurface, the configuration parameter comprising at least one of: a structureof the auxiliary heating metasurface or a position within a cavity entity represented by the cavity model.

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