Fully automatic crankshaft oil hole machining CNC machine tool

Abstract

A fully automatic crankshaft oil hole processing CNC machine tool is used for processing crankshaft oil holes and chamfers. It is mainly composed of a bed, a horizontal slide, a turntable, a vertical column, a vertical slide, a vertical slide, a crankshaft indexing and turning fixture, a crankshaft axial positioning fixture, a crankshaft radial positioning fixture, a turret power head, a tool monitoring, measurement and tool setting system, an electrical control system, a hydraulic control system, a chip conveyor system, an MQL lubrication system and machine tool protection. The present invention only requires one machine tool and a turret power head to complete the fully automatic processing of drilling straight oil holes, drilling straight oil holes, drilling inclined oil holes, drilling inclined oil holes, straight oil holes and chamfering of inclined oil holes on the crankshaft. It will not cause pollution to the environment, and the production environment is thoroughly improved. It has a high degree of automation and strong flexibility, which can effectively improve work efficiency and reduce labor intensity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of automobile parts manufacturing, in particular to a numerically controlled machine tool for fully automatically processing straight and oblique oil holes and hole chamfers of crankshafts. Background Art

[0002] Currently, crankshaft oil hole machining machines are all specialized machines that can only process straight or oblique oil holes. Their disadvantage is that machining a crankshaft's oil holes requires three steps: drilling the straight oil hole, drilling the oblique oil hole, and chamfering the oil hole opening. Due to the high degree of professionalism of the equipment, the limitations it brings are also obvious:

[0003] 1. Machining the oil hole of a crankshaft requires three machine tools, which occupies a large area; at least two operators are required.

[0004] The production line is lengthened, and each machine tool needs to be equipped with a large amount of tooling and workstation equipment, resulting in low production efficiency; the crankshaft is frequently hoisted between processes, which is prone to bumps and scratches. The machine tool is clamped multiple times, which increases the wear or bumps on the crankshaft center hole and increases the labor intensity of the operator.

[0005] 2. Only one type of tool can be clamped. The crankshaft surface is curved. When the drill bit first contacts the crankshaft surface, it is easy to slip. A drilling jig sleeve guide must be equipped.

[0006] 3. The oil hole chamfering is done manually. Since the position of the crankshaft oil hole has an angle with the axis in different phases, it is difficult to align the oil hole mouth during chamfering, and the chamfering deviation often occurs. Or the drill bit directly drills on the outer surface of the crankshaft, causing the crankshaft to be scrapped, the labor intensity is high, and the chamfering accuracy is poor.

[0007] 4. It requires very high skills from the operator. If the drill bit feed force is not well controlled, it is easy to cause chatter marks on the chamfered surface; the chamfer edge width is too small or too large, resulting in the chamfer size of the finished product being out of tolerance. If you do not pay attention to the flow into the next process, the small edge may cause quenching cracks during quenching in the next process.

[0008] 5. Unsafe factors increase. For example, during manual chamfering, the operator works in an environment where the drill bit rotates at high speed and is highly nervous. If the operator is a little careless, the rapidly rotating drill bit may scratch his fingers, flying iron chips may easily cause accidental injury, and a broken drill bit may injure the operator. The safety hazards are very large. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a fully automatic CNC machine tool for machining crankshaft oil holes, so as to realize automatic machining of straight and oblique oil holes and chamfers of the hole openings of the crankshaft.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention is mainly composed of a bed, a horizontal slide, a turntable, a vertical column, a vertical slide, a vertical slide, a crankshaft indexing and turning fixture, a crankshaft axial positioning fixture, a crankshaft radial positioning fixture, a turret power head, a tool monitoring, measurement and tool setting system, an electrical control system, a hydraulic control system, a chip conveyor system, an MQL lubrication system and machine tool protection; the turret power head is used to realize the drilling and processing of straight and oblique oil holes and hole chamfers of the crankshaft.

[0011] A workbench is installed on the side of the bed close to the operator. The dovetail guide rail above the workbench is the positioning and adjustment basis for the indexing fixture, angular positioning device, V-shaped bracket, support frame and tailstock; the workbench is an inclined structure with an angle of 30° toward the tool direction.

[0012] The bed is provided with a transverse guide rail, and the transverse slide is driven by a transverse drive servo motor and slides along the transverse guide rail on the bed to realize the drilling of oil holes at different transverse positions of the crankshaft; a turntable is provided on the transverse slide, and the turntable drives the servo motor to reduce speed through a reducer 1, and the anti-backlash gear at the shaft end of the reducer 1 is engaged with the gear 1 on the transverse slide, and the turntable is driven by a turntable drive servo motor installed at the rear of the turntable to realize the rotation and positioning of the turntable, thereby realizing the processing of inclined oil holes at different angles of the crankshaft, and the anti-backlash gear consists of gear 2 and gear 3; an angle encoder 1 is directly connected to the rotating shaft end of the turntable to realize full closed-loop control of the turntable.

[0013] A turret power head is installed on the vertical slide plate on the vertical slide, which is driven by a vertical drive servo motor installed on the vertical column, and drives the tool to make reciprocating motion in the vertical direction along the vertical linear guide rail to realize the drilling of oil holes in crankshafts of different radial heights; the vertical column is installed on the vertical slide, and the vertical slide slides with the vertical guide rail on the turntable, and the vertical slide is driven by the vertical drive servo motor installed on the turntable to feed in the vertical direction to complete the drilling of oil holes in the crankshaft; the power head main motor fixed on the vertical column is directly connected to the power head main shaft, driving the turret power head to rotate and realize tool changing; the rotation and switching of the tool are driven by the power head main motor, and a tool monitoring device is installed in the electrical box, which detects tool breakage, wear and collision by monitoring the changes in current parameters of the power head main motor during drilling, and provides an alarm.

[0014] The tailstock of the crankshaft axial positioning fixture adopts a hydraulic live center. The base of the tailstock slides with the dovetail guide rail on the workbench. The tailstock can move axially along the dovetail guide rail to adapt to crankshafts of different lengths. After it is in place, it is manually locked by an inclined iron.

[0015] The base of the two V-shaped brackets of the crankshaft radial positioning fixture is slidably matched with the dovetail guide rail on the workbench. The V-shaped bracket can move axially along the dovetail guide rail to adapt to crankshafts of different lengths. After appropriate adjustment, it is manually locked by the bevel iron. The bracket is connected to the base through the fixed plate. The bracket can be adjusted up and down on the fixed plate according to the diameter of the crankshaft main journal M2 and M6.

[0016] The pad of the support frame of the crankshaft radial positioning fixture is connected to the piston rod 2 of the oil cylinder, and the base 3 is slidably connected to the dovetail guide rail; before clamping the crankshaft, the pad is driven by the piston rod 2 to retreat, and when the crankshaft is drilling an oil hole or chamfering, the pad is driven by the piston rod 2 to move forward, and the pad fits against the outer cylindrical surface of the main journal M4 of the crankshaft; the axial position of the base 3 on the dovetail guide rail is adjusted to adapt to the axial position of different crankshaft main journals M4, and is manually locked by the bevel iron after it is in place.

[0017] The indexing drive servo motor of the indexing and rotating fixture drives the anti-backlash gear meshing with the gear in the reducer 2 to rotate through the reducer 2. The anti-backlash gear is composed of gear 5 and gear 4. The anti-backlash gear is connected to the main shaft. The indexing drive servo motor drives the main shaft and crankshaft to rotate and index, thereby realizing the drilling of oil holes with different phase angles on the crankshaft; the clamping cylinder is fixed on the base of the indexing and rotating fixture, and the base of the indexing and rotating fixture is slidably connected to the dovetail guide rail. The two clamping cylinders clamp the open thin-walled sleeve through the pressure block connected thereto to cause it to produce elastic deformation, thereby locking the main shaft sleeve fixed on the main shaft; the chuck cylinder is fixed on the base of the indexing and rotating fixture, and the floating chuck and the top 2 are connected to the piston rod of the chuck cylinder. The angle encoder 2 is directly connected to the rear end of the chuck cylinder.

[0018] The oil cylinder on the angular positioning device of the crankshaft radial positioning fixture is fixed on the base two, the base two is slidably connected to the dovetail guide rail, and the piston rod one of the oil cylinder is connected to the probe; when the crankshaft completes radial and axial positioning, the piston rod one rises, the floating chuck of the indexing and indexing fixture clamps the crankshaft and the indexing drive servo motor drives the crankshaft to rotate, and when the outer circle of the P6 connecting rod neck of the crankshaft triggers the probe, the indexing drive servo motor rotates in the opposite direction and triggers the probe from the other side to determine the starting angular position of the crankshaft; the position of the base two on the dovetail guide rail is adjusted to adapt to the position of the P6 connecting rod neck of different crankshafts, and it is manually locked by the bevel iron after it is in place.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] 1. Only one machine tool is needed to complete the fully automatic processing of drilling straight oil holes, drilling straight oil holes, drilling inclined oil holes, drilling inclined oil holes, straight oil holes and chamfering inclined oil holes on the crankshaft. The number of tooling and workstation equipment is greatly reduced, and the floor space occupied is only one-third of the original.

[0021] 2. The MQL air-powered minimal lubrication device is used for quasi-dry cutting, which can greatly reduce the friction between "tool-workpiece" and "tool-chips", play a role in suppressing temperature rise, reducing tool wear, preventing adhesion and improving workpiece processing quality. Very little lubricant is used, but the effect is very significant, avoiding later processing. The clean and clean chips can be recycled after compression, which not only improves work efficiency but also does not cause pollution to the environment, and the production environment is thoroughly improved; the iron chips are dry and will not pollute the environment during transportation, and there is no need to shake off oil for operators; thus avoiding the occurrence of occupational skin diseases among operators.

[0022] 3. A set of support frames has been added. When the positioning mechanism is retracted, it will not interfere with loading and unloading. When it is extended, drilling can be carried out and the crankshaft can be radially tightened without vibration.

[0023] 4. Except for manual loading and unloading, only one clamping is required, and the rest are completed automatically. The wear on the top hole of the crankshaft is small, and the bumps and scratches are greatly reduced. There is no need to equip professional operators. Only the intermediate cleaning operator is needed to load and unload part-time. It has a high degree of automation and strong flexibility, which can effectively improve work efficiency and reduce labor intensity. At the same time, it is easy to operate on the robot assembly line.

[0024] 5. The equipment is equipped with an alarm system to prevent blade breakage.

[0025] 6. The equipment adopts fully enclosed protection, which is safe and beautiful. After the crankshaft is hoisted in, the machine tool automatically closes the door. After processing is completed, the safety door opens and the crankshaft is hoisted out without any safety hazards.

[0026] 7. The turret power head adopts a socket milling cutter, which can reduce complex mechanisms such as the jig sleeve fixing device. At the same time, since the crankshaft does not need to avoid the jig sleeve fixing device, the workbench can be made into a fixed structure, reducing a set of workbench displacement devices.

[0027] 8. The workbench and a series of components installed on it are inclined structures with an angle of 30° toward the tool direction. This allows the iron chips on the workbench to automatically fall into the iron chip conveyor belt, which is very convenient for cleaning and brings the crankshaft closer to the tool direction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is the process diagram of the crankshaft.

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 DD cross-sectional view.

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 CC cross-sectional view.

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 1 FF cross-sectional view.

[0032] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 for Figure 5 main view.

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Top view of .

[0035] Figure 8 for Figure 5 Left view of .

[0036] Figure 9 for Figure 5 Bed assembly drawing.

[0037] Figure 10 for Figure 5 Structural diagram of the turntable and transverse slide.

[0038] Figure 11 for Figure 10 AA cross-sectional view.

[0039] Figure 12 for Figure 10 BB cross-sectional view.

[0040] Figure 13 for Figure 5 Structural diagram of the vertical columns.

[0041] Figure 14 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the workbench structure.

[0042] Figure 15 for Figure 5 The figure below is the structural diagram of the indexing fixture.

[0043] Figure 16 yes Figure 15 AA cross-sectional view.

[0044] Figure 17 for Figure 5 Structural diagram of the angular positioning device.

[0045] Figure 18 for Figure 5 The V-bracket structure diagram.

[0046] Figure 19 yes Figure 18 side view.

[0047] Figure 20 for Figure 5 The support structure diagram.

[0048] Figure 21 for Figure 5 Tailstock structure diagram.

[0049] 1. P6 connecting rod neck; 2. Crankshaft; 3. Chamfer; 4. Oil hole; 5. Angular positioning device; 6. Horizontal axis; 7. Indexing fixture; 8. Turret power head; 9. Vertical slide; 10. Vertical column; 11. Vertical slide; 12. Turntable; 13. Horizontal slide; 14. Bed; 15. Worktable; 16. Tailstock; 17. V-bracket; 18. Horizontal guide rail; 19. Horizontal drive servo motor; 20. Vertical drive servo motor; 21. Turntable drive servo motor; 22. Reducer 1; 23. Angle encoder 1; 24. Gear 1; 25. Vertical guide rail; 26. Gear 2; 27. Gear 3; 28. Twist drill 1; 29. ​​Socket milling cutter; 30. Twist drill 2; 31. Chamfer drill; 32. Power head spindle; 33. Vertical slide; 34. Vertical linear guide; 35. Power head main motor; 36. Vertical drive servo motor; 37. Support frame; 38. Center 1; 39. Dovetail guide; 40. Open thin-walled sleeve; 41. Pressure block; 42. Spindle sleeve; 43. Spindle; 44. Locking cylinder; 45. Indexing drive servo motor; 46. Reducer 2; 47. Floating chuck; 48. Center 2; 49. Gear 4; 50. Gear 5; 51. Chuck cylinder; 52. Angle encoder 2; 53. Probe; 54. Base 2; 55. Piston rod 1; 56. Slant iron; 57. Bracket; 58. Fixed plate; 59. Base 1; 60. Base 3; 61. Spacer; 62. Piston rod 2; 63. Hydraulic control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 、 Figure 15 、 Figure 16 、 Figure 17 、 Figure 18 、 Figure 19 、 Figure 20 、 Figure 21As shown, the present invention is mainly composed of a bed 14, a horizontal slide 13, a turntable 12, a vertical column 10, a vertical slide 11, a vertical slide 9, a dividing and turning fixture 7, a crankshaft axial positioning fixture, a crankshaft radial positioning fixture, a turret power head 8, a tool monitoring, measurement and tool setting system, an electrical control system, a hydraulic control system 63, a chip conveyor system, an MQL lubrication system and machine tool protection; the turret power head 8 is used to realize the fully automatic processing of drilling straight oil holes, drilling straight oil holes, drilling inclined oil holes, drilling inclined oil holes, and chamfering straight oil holes and inclined oil holes.

[0051] A workbench 15 is mounted on the side of the bed 14 closest to the operator. A dovetail guide rail 39 above the workbench 15 serves as a positioning and adjustment reference for the indexing fixture 7, angular positioning device 5, V-bracket 17, support frame 37, and tailstock 16. The workbench 15 and the components mounted thereon are inclined at a 30° angle toward the tool. This allows iron filings on the workbench 15 to automatically fall onto a chip conveyor, facilitating cleanup and bringing the crankshaft 2 closer to the tool. After the main journals M2 and M6 of the crankshaft 2 are placed on the two V-brackets 17, they are centered using the centering pin 1 38 of the tailstock 16 and the centering pin 2 48 of the floating chuck 47. The indexing drive servo motor 45 drives the crankshaft 2 to index via the second reducer 46. Once in position, the locking cylinder 44 locks the main shaft 43 connected to the floating chuck 47, enabling machining of the oil holes 4 at each angular position of the crankshaft 2.

[0052] A transverse guide rail 18 is mounted on the bed 14. The transverse slide 13 is driven by a transverse drive servo motor 19 and slides along the transverse guide rail 18 on the bed 14 to achieve drilling of oil holes 4 at different positions in the transverse direction (X-axis direction) of the crankshaft 2. The transverse drive servo motor 19 and the transverse guide rail 18 structure can ensure that the transverse slide 13 has good position accuracy. A turntable 12 is mounted on the transverse slide 13. The turntable 12 is driven by a turntable drive servo motor 21 mounted at the rear of the turntable 12. The disk drive servo motor 21 is decelerated by an imported high-precision reducer 22, and the anti-backlash gear at the shaft end of the reducer 22 meshes with the gear 24 on the transverse slide 13 to realize the rotation and positioning of the turntable 12 along the B-axis, thereby realizing the processing of the inclined oil holes 4 at different angles of the crankshaft 2. The anti-backlash gear consists of gear 2 26 and gear 3 27; the rotating B-axis end of the turntable 12 is directly connected to an angle encoder 23 to realize full closed-loop control of the turntable 12 to ensure good accuracy during the processing of the oil holes 4.

[0053] A turret power head 8 is installed on the vertical slide 33 on the vertical slide 9, and the turret power head 8 is driven by a vertical drive servo motor 36 installed on the vertical column 10, and drives the tool to reciprocate in the vertical direction (Y-axis direction) along the vertical linear guide 34 installed on the vertical column 10 to realize the drilling of the oil holes 4 of the crankshaft 2 at different radial heights; the vertical column 10 is installed on the vertical slide 11, and the vertical slide 11 slides with the vertical guide 25 on the turntable 12. The vertical slide 11 is driven by the vertical drive servo motor 20 installed on the turntable 12 to feed in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) to complete the drilling of the oil holes 4 of the crankshaft 2; the power head main motor 35 fixed on the vertical column 10 is directly connected to the power head main shaft 32, driving the turret power head 8 to rotate and realize tool changing; the turret power head 8 adopts a vertical drive servo motor The machine 36 is driven to ensure that it has good positioning accuracy and processing accuracy. Among the six stations of the turret power head 8, one station is vacant, and the rest are equipped with a twist drill 28, a twist drill 30, a chamfering drill 31 and two socket milling cutters 29 with an MQL oil mist cooling and lubrication system. The cooling of the tool adopts an internal cooling method. In this way, it can not only ensure the cutting processing of the tool, but also improve the processing efficiency. The use of the socket milling cutter 29 can reduce complex mechanisms such as the drill jig sleeve fixing device. At the same time, since the crankshaft 2 does not need to avoid the drill jig sleeve fixing device, the workbench 15 can be made into a fixed structure, reducing a set of workbench displacement devices; the rotation and switching of the tool are driven by the power head main motor 35, and a tool monitoring device is installed in the electrical box. By monitoring the changes in the current parameters of the power head main motor 35 during drilling, the tool breakage, wear and collision are detected, and an alarm is provided, which greatly improves the utilization rate of the tool and the reliability of the machine tool.

[0054] The tailstock 16 of the crankshaft axial positioning fixture utilizes a hydraulic live center 38. It slidably engages a dovetail guide 39 on the worktable 15. Tailstock 16 can move axially along the dovetail guide 39 to accommodate crankshafts 2 of varying lengths. Once in position, it is manually locked using a bevel iron 56. Center 38 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder, ensuring reliable movement and excellent rigidity during operation. A tool setter is also mounted inside the tailstock 16 to automatically compensate for tool wear or replacement at each station.

[0055] The base 59 of the two V-shaped brackets 17 of the crankshaft radial positioning fixture is slidably matched with the dovetail guide rail 39 on the workbench 15. The V-shaped bracket 17 can move axially along the dovetail guide rail 39 to adapt to crankshafts 2 of different lengths. After appropriate adjustment, it is manually locked by the bevel iron 56. The bracket 57 is connected to the base 59 through the fixed plate 58. The bracket 57 can be adjusted up and down on the fixed plate 58 according to the diameter of the main journal M2 and M6 of the crankshaft 2.

[0056] The pad 61 of the crankshaft radial positioning fixture's support frame 37 is connected to the cylinder's piston rod 2 62, and the base 3 60 is slidably connected to the dovetail guide rail 39. Before clamping the crankshaft 2, the pad 61 is driven backward by the piston rod 2 62. When the crankshaft 2 is drilling the oil hole 4 or chamfering the corner 3, the pad 61 is driven forward by the piston rod 2 62. The pad 61 fits against the outer circumferential surface of the crankshaft's main journal M4, preventing excessive radial force on the crankshaft 2 during drilling the oil hole 4 or chamfering the corner 3, which could cause bending deformation, or vibration of the machine tool due to excessive radial force. The axial position of the base 3 60 on the dovetail guide rail 39 is adjusted to accommodate different axial positions of the crankshaft's main journal M4. Once in place, it is manually locked using the bevel iron 56. The pad 61 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder, ensuring reliable movement and good rigidity during operation.

[0057] The indexing drive servo motor 45 of the indexing and indexing fixture 7 is decelerated by the second reducer 46. The gear on the second reducer 46 is engaged with the anti-backlash gear. The anti-backlash gear is composed of the fifth gear 50 and the fourth gear 49. The anti-backlash gear is connected to the main shaft 43. The indexing drive servo motor 45 drives the main shaft 43 and the crankshaft 2 to rotate and index along the horizontal axis 6 (A axis) to realize the drilling of the oil holes 4 at different phase angles on the crankshaft 2. The main shaft 43 is driven to rotate by the indexing drive servo motor 45 to ensure that it has good position accuracy. The indexing angle of the indexing and indexing fixture 7 is less than 1°, and the positioning accuracy is ≤20″; the clamping cylinder 44 is fixed on the base of the indexing and indexing fixture 7. The base of the fixture 7 is fixed to the dovetail guide rail 39 by bolts, and the two clamping cylinders 44 clamp the open thin-walled sleeve 40 through the pressure block 41 connected to it, causing it to elastically deform and lock the spindle sleeve 42 fixed on the spindle 43; the chuck cylinder 51 is fixed on the base of the indexing fixture 7, and the floating chuck 47 and the top two 48 are connected to the piston rod of the chuck cylinder 51. The rear end of the chuck cylinder 51 is directly connected to the angle encoder two 52 to form a full closed-loop control to ensure good processing accuracy. The floating chuck 47 and the top two 48 are driven by the chuck cylinder 51, which can ensure the reliability of the movement of the floating chuck 47 and the top two 48 and good rigidity during operation.

[0058] The angular positioning device 5 of the crankshaft radial positioning fixture is used to automatically align the angular position of the crankshaft 2. The oil cylinder on the angular positioning device 5 is fixed on the base 2 54, and the base 2 54 is slidably connected to the dovetail guide rail 39. The piston rod 1 55 of the oil cylinder is connected to the probe 53. The probe 53 adopts the Marposs high-precision measurement system. The probe 53 and the oil cylinder are both used to detect the lifting and retraction of the probe 53 and the rough positioning detection device of the P6 connecting rod neck 1 of the crankshaft 2 to prevent accidental damage to the probe 53. When the crankshaft 2 completes the radial and axial positioning, the piston rod 1 55 rises to make the probe 53 rise to its position, and the indexing clamp The floating chuck 47 of tool 7 clamps the crankshaft 2 and the crankshaft 2 is driven to rotate by the indexing drive servo motor 45. When the outer circle of the P6 connecting rod neck 1 of the crankshaft 2 rotates to the left side of the probe 53 to trigger the probe 53, the indexing drive servo motor 45 rotates in the opposite direction to make the outer circle of the P6 connecting rod neck 1 of the crankshaft 2 rotate to the right side of the probe 53 to trigger the probe 53 to determine the starting angular position of the crankshaft 2. After that, the probe 53 drops to the lowest position so that it does not interfere with the processing of the crankshaft 2; the position of the base 2 54 on the dovetail guide rail 39 is adjusted to adapt to the position of the P6 connecting rod neck 1 of different crankshafts 2. After it is in place, it is manually locked by the bevel iron 56.

[0059] The machine tool's electrical control system adopts the Siemens 828DSL CNC system, which is stable, reliable and easy to maintain. It has functions such as fault diagnosis, segment skipping, segment selection, feed rate conversion, rapid movement, return to the machine tool reference point, MDI mode, spindle forward and reverse rotation, spindle stop, spindle jog, power display, coolant switch, chip removal mechanism operation switch, part timing and counting. It has an RS232 communication interface, the machine tool can be manually adjusted, and the operation is easy. The system can realize tool wear compensation function.

[0060] The machine tool uses an MQL air-powered minimal lubrication device for quasi-dry cutting processing, which can greatly reduce the friction between "tool-workpiece" and "tool-chip", and play a role in suppressing temperature rise, reducing tool wear, preventing adhesion and improving workpiece processing quality. Very little lubricant is used, but the effect is very significant, avoiding subsequent processing. The clean and clean chips can be compressed and recycled, which not only improves work efficiency but also does not cause pollution to the environment, and the production environment is thoroughly improved.

Claims

1. A fully automatic CNC machine tool for crankshaft oil hole processing, Features: The crankshaft oil hole machining CNC machine tool comprises a bed (14), a transverse slide (13), a turntable (12), a vertical column (10), a vertical slide (11), a vertical slide (9), a crankshaft (2) indexing and indexing fixture (7), a crankshaft axial positioning fixture, a crankshaft radial positioning fixture, a turret power head (8), a tool monitoring, measuring and tool setting system, an electrical control system, a hydraulic control system (63), a chip conveyor system, an MQL lubrication system and machine tool protection; the turret power head (8) is used to realize the drilling and machining of straight and oblique oil holes (4) and hole chamfers (3) of the crankshaft (2); The bed (14) is provided with a transverse guide rail (18), and the transverse slide (13) is driven by a transverse drive servo motor (19) to slide along the transverse guide rail (18) on the bed (14) to achieve drilling of oil holes (4) at different transverse positions of the crankshaft (2); a turntable (12) is provided on the transverse slide (13), and the turntable drives the servo motor (21) to reduce speed through a reducer (22), and the anti-backlash gear at the shaft end of the reducer (22) and the transverse slide The turntable (12) is meshed with the gear one (24) on the turntable (13), and the turntable (12) is driven by a turntable drive servo motor (21) installed at the rear of the turntable (12) to realize the rotation and positioning of the turntable (12), thereby realizing the processing of the inclined oil holes (4) of the crankshaft (2) at different angles. The anti-backlash gear is composed of gear two (26) and gear three (27); an angle encoder one (23) is directly connected to the rotating shaft end of the turntable (12) to realize the full closed loop control of the turntable (12); A turret power head (8) is installed on the vertical slide plate (33) on the vertical slide table (9), and is driven by a vertical drive servo motor (36) installed on the vertical column (10), and drives the tool to make a vertical reciprocating motion along the vertical linear guide rail (34) to achieve drilling processing of oil holes (4) of crankshafts (2) with different radial heights; the vertical column (10) is installed on the vertical slide table (11), and the vertical slide table (11) is slidably matched with the vertical guide rail (25) on the turntable (12), and the vertical slide table (11) ) is driven by a vertical drive servo motor (20) installed on a turntable (12) to feed in a vertical direction to complete the drilling of the oil hole (4) of the crankshaft (2); a power head main motor (35) fixed on a vertical column (10) is directly connected to the power head main shaft (32) to drive the turret power head (8) to rotate and realize tool change; the rotation and switching of the tool are driven by the power head main motor (35), and a tool monitoring device is installed in the electrical box to detect tool breakage, wear and collision by monitoring the current parameter changes of the power head main motor (35) during drilling, and provide an alarm; The indexing drive servo motor (45) of the indexing and indexing fixture (7) drives the anti-backlash gear meshing with the gear in the second reducer (46) to rotate through the second reducer (46), the anti-backlash gear is composed of a fifth gear (50) and a fourth gear (49), the anti-backlash gear is connected to the main shaft (43), the indexing drive servo motor (45) drives the main shaft (43) and the crankshaft (2) to rotate and index, so as to realize the drilling of oil holes with different phase angles on the crankshaft (2); the clamping cylinder (44) is fixed on the base of the indexing and indexing fixture (7), The base of the indexing and rotating fixture (7) is slidably connected to the dovetail guide rail (39), and two clamping cylinders (44) clamp the open thin-walled sleeve (40) through the pressure block (41) connected thereto to cause elastic deformation, thereby locking the spindle sleeve (42) fixed on the spindle (43); the chuck cylinder (51) is fixed on the base of the indexing and rotating fixture (7), the floating chuck (47) and the second top (48) are connected to the piston rod of the chuck cylinder (51), and the rear end of the chuck cylinder (51) is directly connected to the second angle encoder (52); The oil cylinder on the angular positioning device (5) of the crankshaft radial positioning fixture is fixed on the base 2 (54), the base 2 (54) is slidably connected to the dovetail guide rail (39), and the piston rod 1 (55) of the oil cylinder is connected to the probe (53); when the crankshaft (2) completes radial and axial positioning, the piston rod 1 (55) rises, the floating chuck (47) of the indexing and indexing fixture (7) clamps the crankshaft (2) and the indexing drive servo motor (45) drives the crankshaft (2) to rotate, and when the outer circle of the P6 connecting rod neck (1) of the crankshaft (2) triggers the probe (53), the indexing drive servo motor (45) rotates in the opposite direction again, triggering the probe (53) from the other side to determine the starting angular position of the crankshaft (2); the position of the base 2 (54) on the dovetail guide rail (39) is adjusted to adapt to the position of the P6 connecting rod neck (1) of different crankshafts (2), and is manually locked by the inclined iron (56) after it is in place.

2. The fully automatic crankshaft oil hole machining CNC machine tool according to claim 1, Features: A workbench (15) is mounted on the bed (14) on the side close to the operator. A dovetail guide rail (39) above the workbench (15) is a reference for positioning and adjusting the indexing fixture (7), the angular positioning device (5), the V-shaped bracket (17), the support frame (37) and the tailstock (16). The workbench (15) is an inclined structure inclined at an angle of 30° toward the tool direction.

3. The fully automatic crankshaft oil hole machining CNC machine tool according to claim 1, Features: The tailstock (16) of the crankshaft axial positioning fixture adopts a hydraulic live center (38). The base of the tailstock (16) is slidably matched with a dovetail guide rail (39) on the workbench (15). The tailstock (16) can move axially along the dovetail guide rail (39) to adapt to crankshafts (2) of different lengths. After being in place, it is manually locked by an inclined iron (56).

4. The fully automatic crankshaft oil hole machining CNC machine tool according to claim 1, Features: The base one (59) of the two V-shaped brackets (17) of the crankshaft radial positioning fixture is slidably matched with the dovetail guide rail (39) on the workbench (15). The V-shaped bracket (17) can be axially moved along the dovetail guide rail (39) to adapt to crankshafts (2) of different lengths. After being adjusted appropriately, it is manually locked by an inclined iron (56). The bracket (57) is connected to the base one (59) via a fixed plate (58). The bracket (57) can be adjusted up and down on the fixed plate (58) according to the diameter size of the main journal M2 and M6 of the crankshaft (2).

5. The fully automatic crankshaft oil hole machining CNC machine tool according to claim 1, Features: The pad (61) of the support frame (37) of the crankshaft radial positioning fixture is connected to the second piston rod (62) of the oil cylinder, and the base three (60) is slidably connected to the dovetail guide rail (39); before clamping the crankshaft (2), the pad (61) is driven by the second piston rod (62) to retreat, and when the crankshaft (2) is drilling an oil hole (4) or chamfering (3), the pad (61) is driven by the second piston rod (62) to move forward, and the pad (61) is in contact with the outer cylindrical surface of the main journal M4 of the crankshaft (2); the axial position of the base three (60) on the dovetail guide rail (39) is adjusted to adapt to the axial position of the main journal M4 of different crankshafts (2), and is manually locked by the inclined iron (56) after it is in place.

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