Three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger and control method, refrigeration system, and air conditioner

Abstract

The present invention relates to a three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger and a control method, a refrigeration system, and an air conditioner. A three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger of the present invention includes a shell, an air extraction device, a heat exchange device, and a liquid atomizing device. The air extraction device is used to form a negative pressure in the shell; the liquid atomizing device includes a liquid supply pipe, an atomizing exhaust pipe, and an atomizing head. The atomizing exhaust pipe is connected to the liquid supply pipe, and the atomizing head is arranged on the atomizing exhaust pipe. The atomizing exhaust pipe is three-dimensionally distributed in the shell. A control device for controlling the opening or closing of the atomizing head is arranged on the atomizing head, and the control device is connected to the control center. Its beneficial effect is that the control center can randomly select the atomizing head that needs to be opened or closed according to the set time and the set opening ratio of the atomizing head according to the random function. The opening or closing of each atomizing head is random, so as to achieve the effect of uniform atomized liquid in the shell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of heat exchangers, and in particular to a three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger and a control method, a refrigeration system, and an air conditioner. Background Art

[0002] At present, the energy consumption of air conditioning in commercial buildings in my country accounts for a high proportion. With the development of building energy conservation and the further improvement of requirements, the disadvantages of traditional commercial air conditioning systems are becoming more and more obvious. In terms of refrigerants, air conditioning systems at home and abroad currently use Freon as a refrigerant, but Freon will destroy the atmospheric ozone layer and have a higher greenhouse effect. Due to the instability and high cost of ammonia (R77), there will be unsafe factors in the refrigeration system, so ammonia (R717) is not suitable as an air conditioning refrigerant. In terms of system installation, conventional air conditioning systems are usually water source heat pump units or air source heat pump units, which use water as a refrigerant to transport it to the terminal fan coil to provide the required cooling or heat to the building. The system structure is complex. In addition to the refrigeration equipment, a water circulation system needs to be designed. After the refrigerant and water undergo secondary heat exchange, the water is transported to the user side through a water pump for use. Such a design requires a larger equipment room, which occupies the building space, which undoubtedly increases the investment, and there are also problems such as high energy consumption per unit area and low system efficiency.

[0003] As an efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly refrigerant, carbon dioxide has broad application prospects and considerable economic value. However, due to the inherent characteristics of carbon dioxide, when the working temperature is higher than the critical temperature, no matter how high the pressure is, carbon dioxide cannot be liquefied. There has always been a prejudice in this field that refrigeration systems using carbon dioxide alone as a medium cannot be used for large-scale refrigeration, which greatly reduces the refrigeration efficiency of carbon dioxide refrigeration systems and limits the promotion and application of carbon dioxide refrigeration systems.

[0004] Existing air-cooled heat exchangers and evaporative heat exchangers both need to introduce air from the outside. When the outside temperature and humidity are high, the heat exchange effect will be affected by the temperature and humidity of the natural wind, and the impact is very large. Especially in hot and humid areas, the cooling effect of this heat exchanger is still poor, and the energy consumption is very large, and it is increasingly difficult to meet the cooling needs. Furthermore, now the heat exchangers are basically opened or closed as a whole, and in actual use, in order to make full use of energy, it is often not necessary to open the entire heat exchanger. In order to solve the problem that conventional condensation means are difficult to liquefy and condense carbon dioxide, improve the overall efficiency of the carbon dioxide system, and enable the environmentally friendly working fluid carbon dioxide to be widely used in actual engineering, and save energy and protect the environment, the technical solution of the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger and a control method thereof that is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, has high heat exchange efficiency, and is easy to control. The present invention also provides a refrigeration system and a central air conditioner including the three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger.

[0006] The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger provided by the present invention has the following technical solutions:

[0007] A three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger comprises a shell, an air extraction device, a heat exchange device and a liquid atomizing device, wherein the air extraction device is arranged outside the shell and is used to form a negative pressure in the shell; the heat exchange device and the liquid atomizing device are arranged in the shell; the liquid atomizing device comprises a liquid supply pipe, an atomizing exhaust pipe and an atomizing head, the atomizing exhaust pipe is connected to the liquid supply pipe, the atomizing head is arranged on the atomizing exhaust pipe, the atomizing exhaust pipe is three-dimensionally distributed in the shell, a control device for controlling the atomizing head to be opened or closed is arranged on the atomizing head, and the control device is connected to a control center.

[0008] Preferably, the control center can randomly select the atomizer head to be opened or closed according to the set time and the set opening ratio of the atomizer head according to a random function. The opening or closing of each atomizer head is random, so that the atomized liquid in the shell is evenly distributed; the control center is an intelligent computer.

[0009] Preferably, a heat exchange device is arranged around the atomizing head, the heat exchange device is used to circulate the refrigerant, and the atomizing head is used to spray the atomized liquid. The atomized liquid diffuses around the heat exchange device. Under the action of negative pressure, the liquid micro-clusters complete radiation heat exchange with the carbon dioxide in the heat exchange device and are then extracted out of the shell by the exhaust device.

[0010] Preferably, during cooling, the water microclusters in the cavity absorb the radiant heat of the carbon dioxide circulating in the heat exchange device and are dynamically and continuously decomposed from large microclusters into small microclusters to take away the heat, thereby condensing and liquefying the carbon dioxide refrigerant.

[0011] Preferably, the atomizing pipes are arranged in layers in a matrix form, and a plurality of atomizing heads are provided on the atomizing pipes.

[0012] Preferably, the heat exchange device is composed of a plurality of stacked heat exchange units, the heat exchange units include multiple rows of tubes for circulating carbon dioxide and fins for fixing the multiple rows of tubes, the multiple rows of tubes and the fins are fixed by a fixing frame, carbon dioxide flows in from the inlet end and is discharged from the outlet end; an atomizing exhaust pipe is arranged in the heat exchange unit.

[0013] Preferably, multiple rows of tubes of multiple heat exchange units are stacked and connected in series, the heat exchange units are fixed on the shell, and the atomization tubes are respectively connected to the liquid supply pipes.

[0014] Preferably, a control device for controlling the opening or closing of the atomizing exhaust pipe is provided on the atomizing exhaust pipe, and the control device is connected to a control center, which is an intelligent computer.

[0015] Preferably, the atomizing head is an ultrasonic atomizer, and the ultrasonic atomizer includes an ultrasonic atomizing sheet, and the ultrasonic atomizing sheet atomizes water in cooperation with ultrasonic waves.

[0016] The water vapor after heat exchange is not circulated or recovered, but directly discharged into the atmosphere.

[0017] Preferably, the exhaust device is a negative pressure fan, a magnetically suspended negative pressure fan or a vacuum exhaust pump.

[0018] Preferably, the shell is a closed shell, and the air extraction device can form a set negative pressure value in the closed shell to achieve more efficient heat exchange;

[0019] The exhaust volume of the exhaust device is greater than the evaporation volume of the atomized liquid in the shell. On the one hand, it can fully exhaust the steam in the shell and improve the evaporation efficiency of the atomized liquid. On the other hand, it can maintain the negative pressure environment in the shell.

[0020] Preferably, the heat exchanger includes a pressure regulating device, the air inlet of the pressure regulating device is arranged outside the shell, and the air outlet is arranged inside the shell. The regulated airflow can be sent into the shell through the pressure regulating device to promote the flow of steam in the shell and form an aerosol in the shell.

[0021] Preferably, the liquid supply pipe is connected to the liquid tank outside the shell to continuously supply liquid into the shell;

[0022] The liquid is softened water, which removes inorganic salts such as calcium and magnesium, reduces the entry of external impurities, avoids scaling of the condenser tube to the greatest extent, and increases the service life of the heat exchange tube.

[0023] A control method for a three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger is disclosed. Atomizing heads are arranged in a three-dimensional distribution manner in a shell of the heat exchanger. A control center encodes a control device on the atomizing head. When the heat exchanger does not need to operate at full load, the proportion of atomizing heads that need to be opened is input. The control center selects the atomizing heads that need to be opened or closed according to a random function at a set interval. The opening or closing of each atomizing head is random, so as to achieve a uniform atomized liquid in the shell.

[0024] A refrigeration system comprises a compressor, a heat exchanger, a liquid storage device and an evaporator which are connected in sequence, wherein the heat exchanger is the above-mentioned three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger.

[0025] A carbon dioxide multi-split central air conditioner comprises an indoor heat exchanger and an outdoor unit. The outdoor unit is connected to the indoor heat exchanger through a pipeline. The outdoor unit comprises a carbon dioxide compressor, a liquid storage device and a heat exchanger. The central air conditioner uses carbon dioxide as a single circulation working fluid. The heat exchanger is the above-mentioned three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger.

[0026] The implementation of the present invention includes the following technical effects:

[0027] The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger control center of the present invention can randomly select the atomizing head to be opened or closed according to the set time (e.g. 1 second to 300 seconds) and the set opening ratio of the atomizing head (e.g. 10% to 95% of the atomizing head) according to the random function, and the opening or closing of each atomizing head is random, so as to achieve the effect of uniform atomized liquid in the shell. It can achieve precise control and avoid energy waste.

[0028] A heat exchange device is arranged around the atomizing head. The heat exchange device is used to circulate the refrigerant. The atomizing head is used to spray the atomized liquid. The atomized liquid diffuses around the heat exchange device. Under the action of negative pressure, the liquid micro-groups complete the radiation heat exchange with the carbon dioxide in the heat exchange device and are then extracted from the shell by the exhaust device. During refrigeration, the water micro-groups in the cavity absorb the radiation heat of the carbon dioxide circulating in the heat exchange device and gradually decompose from large micro-groups into small micro-groups to take away the heat, condensing and liquefying the carbon dioxide refrigerant. The water micro-groups dynamically and continuously decompose into small water micro-groups to take away the heat.

[0029] The multiple rows of pipes of multiple heat exchange units are stacked and connected in series. The heat exchange units are fixed on the shell, and the atomizing pipes are connected to the liquid supply pipes respectively. The heat exchange device is set up in a way that multiple heat exchange units are stacked, which is convenient for installation and maintenance. When a heat exchange unit is broken, the broken repair sheet can be disassembled for repair or replacement. It is also convenient to expand or reduce the size of the heat exchange device and simplify the preparation process.

[0030] The heat exchanger of the present invention uses aerosol to gradually decompose from large microclusters into small microclusters under radiant heat for heat exchange under negative pressure conditions. Except for the pressure regulating device that allows external gas to enter, no external gas enters. High temperature and high humidity conditions do not affect the heat exchange, and the heat exchange can be used normally under different climatic conditions.

[0031] The carbon dioxide multi-split central air conditioner of the present invention uses carbon dioxide as a circulating working fluid, has the advantages of large pressure difference, good fluidity, low density, and transcritical phase change, can be used in high-rise buildings, and can complete circulation at a height of more than 100 meters, which is impossible for existing Freon multi-split central air conditioners. In addition, existing refrigerants require a circulating pump, which consumes energy and is expensive. Compared with traditional air conditioners, the central air conditioner of the present invention can improve efficiency by more than 2 times and save energy by more than 50%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the heat exchange unit.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the heat exchange unit.

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat exchange unit from a top view.

[0036] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a refrigeration system with a three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger.

[0037] In the figure: 1. shell; 2. exhaust device; 3. heat exchange device; 4. atomizing pipe; 5. atomizing head; 6. heat exchange unit; 60. multiple rows of pipes; 61. fins; 62. fixing frame; 7. compressor; 8. heat exchanger; 9. liquid storage tank; 10. evaporator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. It should be pointed out that the described embodiments are only intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention and do not have any limiting effect on the present invention.

[0039] See also Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a three-dimensional distributed liquid atomization heat exchanger provided in this embodiment includes a housing 1, an air extraction device 2, a heat exchange device 3 and a liquid atomization device, wherein the air extraction device 2 is arranged outside the housing 1, and is used to form a negative pressure in the housing 1; the heat exchange device 3 and the liquid atomization device are arranged in the housing 1; the liquid atomization device includes a liquid supply pipe (not shown in the figure), an atomization exhaust pipe 4, and an atomization head 5, wherein the atomization exhaust pipe 4 is connected to the liquid supply pipe, and the atomization head 5 is arranged on the atomization exhaust pipe 4, and the atomization exhaust pipe 4 is arranged in a three-dimensional distributed manner in the housing 1, and a control device for controlling the opening or closing of the atomization head 5 is arranged on the atomization head 5, and the control device is connected to the control center, and the control center is an intelligent computer. The control center can randomly select the atomization head 5 that needs to be opened or closed according to the random function according to the set time (e.g., 1 second-300 seconds) and the set opening ratio of the atomization head 5 (e.g., 10%-95% of the atomization head 5), and each atomization head 5 is opened or closed randomly, so as to achieve the effect of uniform atomization liquid in the housing 1. It can achieve precise control while avoiding energy waste.

[0040] Specifically, see Figure 1As shown, a heat exchange device 3 is arranged around the atomizing head 5. The heat exchange device 3 is used to circulate the refrigerant. The atomizing head 5 is used to spray the atomized liquid. The atomized liquid diffuses around the heat exchange device 3. Under the action of negative pressure, the liquid micro-groups complete the radiation heat exchange with the carbon dioxide in the heat exchange device 3 and are then extracted from the housing 1 by the exhaust device 2. During refrigeration, the water micro-groups in the cavity absorb the radiation heat of the carbon dioxide circulating in the heat exchange device 3 and gradually decompose from large micro-groups into small micro-groups to take away the heat, and condense and liquefy the carbon dioxide refrigerant. The water micro-groups are dynamically and continuously decomposed into small water micro-groups to take away the heat.

[0041] See also Figure 1 As shown, the atomizing pipes 4 are arranged in layers in a matrix form, and a plurality of atomizing heads 5 are arranged on the atomizing pipes 4. As an example, a 18-row*12-hole atomizing matrix can be selected. Figure 1 As shown, 18 atomizing pipes 4 are arranged in 9 layers in the heat exchanger shell 1, and each row of atomizing pipes 4 is provided with 12 atomizing heads 5, with a total of 216 atomizing heads 5. Each atomizing head 5 is provided with a control device capable of controlling its opening or closing, and the control device is connected to the control center. In the actual operation process, when only 50% of the spray heads need to be opened to achieve the cooling or heating requirements, the existing practice is to close the atomizing pipes 4 in the whole row. If this operation is performed, the atomized liquid in the shell 1 will inevitably be unevenly distributed, affecting the heat exchange effect; if 108 atomizing heads 5 are manually closed, the problem of uneven distribution will also be caused, and the operation is inconvenient. In the present invention, 108 atomizing heads 5 can be randomly closed at a certain interval (for example, 30 seconds) in the control center, so that each atomizing head 5 has the same probability of being randomly opened or closed, and the atomized liquid in the shell 1 will always be in a uniform state.

[0042] See also Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the heat exchange device 3 is composed of a plurality of heat exchange units 6 stacked together. The heat exchange unit 6 includes a plurality of rows of tubes 60 for circulating carbon dioxide and fins 61 for fixing the plurality of rows of tubes 60. The plurality of rows of tubes 60 and the fins 61 are fixed by a fixing frame 62. Carbon dioxide flows in from the inlet end and is discharged from the outlet end. An atomizing pipe 4 is arranged in the heat exchange unit 6. The plurality of rows of tubes 60 of the plurality of heat exchange units 6 are stacked and connected in series with each other. The heat exchange unit 6 is fixed on the housing 1, and the atomizing pipe 4 is respectively connected to the liquid supply pipe. The heat exchange device 3 is arranged in a manner of stacking a plurality of heat exchange units 6, which is convenient for installation and maintenance. When a certain heat exchange unit 6 is broken, the broken repair unit can be disassembled for repair or replacement. It is also convenient to expand or reduce the size of the heat exchange device 3 and simplify the preparation process.

[0043] Furthermore, a control device for controlling the opening or closing of the atomizing pipe 4 is arranged on the atomizing pipe 4, and the control device is connected to a control center, which is an intelligent computer. The entire atomizing head 5 can be controlled separately, and the atomizing pipe 4 can also be controlled, and the control method is flexible and convenient.

[0044] The atomizing head 5 can select an ultrasonic atomizer, which includes an ultrasonic atomizing sheet, and the ultrasonic atomizing sheet cooperates with ultrasonic waves to atomize water. The ultrasonic atomized water itself has a descaling function to avoid scaling on the surface of the heat exchange tube and the fin 61. Water vapor and unevaporated water mist are directly discharged into the atmosphere. The water vapor after heat exchange is not circulated or recycled, but directly discharged into the atmosphere. Since the heat is mainly converted into internal energy during the decomposition of water micro-clusters, the temperature of the discharged water vapor is not high, and no heat island effect will be generated. The exhaust equipment is a negative pressure fan, a magnetic levitation negative pressure fan or a vacuum exhaust pump.

[0045] Specifically, the shell 1 is a closed shell, and the exhaust device 2 can form a set negative pressure value in the closed shell to achieve more efficient heat exchange. The exhaust volume of the exhaust device 2 is greater than the evaporation volume of the atomized liquid in the shell 1. On the one hand, it can fully exhaust the steam in the shell 1 to improve the evaporation efficiency of the atomized liquid, and on the other hand, it can maintain the negative pressure environment in the shell 1. The heat exchanger also includes a pressure regulating device, the air inlet of the pressure regulating device is arranged outside the shell 1, and the air outlet is arranged in the shell 1. The regulated airflow can be sent into the shell 1 through the pressure regulating device to promote the flow of steam in the shell 1 and form an aerosol in the shell 1. The pressure regulating device can also be one or more fans, and the fan is arranged near the bottom of the shell 1. The rotation of the fan can promote the flow of steam and atomized liquid in the shell 1. It should be particularly noted that, unlike the principles of existing air-cooled heat exchangers and evaporative heat exchangers, the heat exchanger of the present invention uses aerosols to gradually decompose from large microclusters into small microclusters under radiant heat under negative pressure conditions for heat exchange. Except for the pressure regulating device that allows external air to enter, no external air enters. High temperature and high humidity conditions do not affect heat exchange, and the heat exchange can be used normally under different climatic conditions.

[0046] Specifically, the liquid supply pipe is connected to the liquid tank (not shown in the figure) or the liquid pipe outside the shell 1 to continuously supply liquid to the shell 1; the liquid supply pipe can be a single linear pipeline, or two or more pipelines arranged side by side, or a single pipeline can be arranged in a disk shape.

[0047] The liquid in the present invention is preferably water, preferably softened water, which removes inorganic salts such as calcium and magnesium, reduces the entry of external impurities, avoids scaling of the condenser tube to the greatest extent, and increases the service life of the heat exchange tube. The liquid atomization device atomizes each drop of water into about 1 / 500 of the original water drop volume, forming a micron- or nanometer-level water mist, which increases its contact area with the air and accelerates the evaporation rate by more than 300 times; the heat absorbed by the refined water droplets from liquid to gas is about 540 times the heat absorbed by water when the temperature rises by 1°C, which can achieve the effect of absorbing a large amount of heat and greatly enhance the heat exchange effect.

[0048] This embodiment also provides a control method for a three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger, wherein the atomizing head 5 is arranged in a three-dimensional distribution manner in the housing 1 of the heat exchanger, and the control center encodes the control device on the atomizing head 5. When the heat exchanger does not need to operate at full load, the proportion of the atomizing head 5 that needs to be opened is input, and the control center selects the atomizing head 5 that needs to be opened or closed according to the random function at a set interval, and the opening or closing of each atomizing head 5 is random, so as to achieve a uniform effect of the atomized liquid in the housing 1. The random function can select an existing random function, which is not limited by the present invention and will not be repeated. The three-dimensional distribution method refers to a layered arrangement method in the form of a matrix.

[0049] See also Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment also provides a refrigeration system, including a compressor 7, a heat exchanger 8, a liquid storage tank 9 and an evaporator 10 connected in sequence, and the heat exchanger 8 is the above-mentioned three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger.

[0050] This embodiment also provides a carbon dioxide multi-split central air conditioner, including an indoor heat exchanger and an outdoor unit. The outdoor unit is connected to the indoor heat exchanger through a pipeline. The outdoor unit includes a carbon dioxide compressor, a liquid storage tank and an outdoor heat exchanger. The central air conditioner uses carbon dioxide as a single circulation working fluid, and the outdoor heat exchanger is the above-mentioned three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger.

[0051] In the cooling mode, the carbon dioxide medium flows through the carbon dioxide compressor, outdoor heat exchanger, liquid reservoir, and indoor heat exchanger in sequence to complete the cooling. In the heating mode, the carbon dioxide medium flows through the carbon dioxide compressor, indoor heat exchanger, liquid reservoir, and outdoor heat exchanger in sequence to complete the heating. The switching of cooling and heating is achieved by a four-way reversing valve, which will not be described in detail in this embodiment. In view of the use of carbon dioxide as a circulating working fluid, it has the advantages of large pressure difference, good fluidity, low density, and transcritical phase change. It can be used in high-rise buildings and can complete the circulation at a height of more than 100 meters. The existing Freon multi-split central air conditioner cannot do this. In addition, the existing refrigerants all need to be equipped with a circulating pump, which consumes energy and has a high cost. Compared with traditional air conditioners, the central air conditioner of the present invention can improve the efficiency by more than 2 times and save more than 50% of energy.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger, comprising a shell, an exhaust device, a heat exchange device and a liquid atomizing device, wherein the exhaust device is arranged outside the shell to form a negative pressure in the shell; the heat exchange device and the liquid atomizing device are arranged in the shell; characterized in that: The liquid atomization device comprises a liquid supply pipe, an atomization discharge pipe, and an atomization head. The atomization discharge pipe is connected to the liquid supply pipe, and the atomization head is arranged on the atomization discharge pipe. The atomization discharge pipe is three-dimensionally distributed in the housing. A control device for controlling the opening or closing of the atomization head is arranged on the atomization head, and the control device is connected to a control center. The atomizing pipes are arranged in layers in a matrix form, and a plurality of atomizing heads are provided on the atomizing pipes; The control center can randomly select the atomizer head to be opened or closed according to the set time and the set opening ratio of the atomizer head according to the random function. The opening or closing of each atomizer head is random, so that the atomized liquid in the shell is evenly distributed; the control center is an intelligent computer.

2. A three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat exchange device is arranged around the atomizing head. The heat exchange device is used to circulate refrigerant. The atomizing head is used to spray atomized liquid. The atomized liquid diffuses around the heat exchange device. Under the action of negative pressure, the liquid micro-clusters complete radiation heat exchange with the carbon dioxide in the heat exchange device and are then extracted out of the shell by the exhaust device.

3. A three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that: During refrigeration, the water micro-clusters in the cavity absorb the radiant heat of the carbon dioxide circulating in the heat exchange device, and the large micro-clusters are dynamically and continuously decomposed into small micro-clusters to take away the heat, thereby condensing and liquefying the carbon dioxide refrigerant.

4. The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange device is composed of a plurality of stacked heat exchange units, each of which includes a plurality of rows of tubes for circulating carbon dioxide and fins for fixing the plurality of rows of tubes. The plurality of rows of tubes and the fins are fixed by a fixing frame, and carbon dioxide flows in from an inlet end and is discharged from an outlet end. An atomizing pipe is arranged in the heat exchange unit.

5. A three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that: Multiple rows of tubes of multiple heat exchange units are stacked and connected in series, the heat exchange units are fixed on the shell, and the atomizing tubes are respectively connected to the liquid supply pipes.

6. The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atomizing exhaust pipe is provided with a control device for controlling the opening or closing of the atomizing exhaust pipe, and the control device is connected to a control center, which is an intelligent computer.

7. The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atomizing head is an ultrasonic atomizer, and the ultrasonic atomizer includes an ultrasonic atomizing sheet, and the ultrasonic atomizing sheet atomizes water in cooperation with ultrasonic waves; The water vapor after heat exchange is not circulated or recovered, but directly discharged into the atmosphere.

8. The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air extraction device is a negative pressure fan, a magnetically suspended negative pressure fan or a vacuum air extraction pump.

9. The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell is a closed shell, and the air extraction device can form a set negative pressure value in the closed shell to achieve more efficient heat exchange; The exhaust volume of the exhaust device is greater than the evaporation volume of the atomized liquid in the shell. On the one hand, it can fully exhaust the steam in the shell and improve the evaporation efficiency of the atomized liquid. On the other hand, it can maintain the negative pressure environment in the shell.

10. The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger includes a pressure regulating device, the air inlet of the pressure regulating device is arranged outside the shell, and the air outlet is arranged inside the shell. The regulated airflow can be sent into the shell through the pressure regulating device to promote the flow of steam in the shell and form aerosol in the shell.

11. The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid supply pipe is connected to the liquid tank outside the shell to continuously supply liquid into the shell; The liquid is softened water, which removes calcium and magnesium as inorganic salt substances, reduces the entry of external impurities, avoids scaling of the condenser tube to the greatest extent, and increases the service life of the heat exchange tube.

12. A control method for a three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger, characterized in that: The three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger comprises a shell, an air extraction device, a heat exchange device and a liquid atomizing device. The air extraction device is arranged outside the shell and is used to form a negative pressure in the shell; the heat exchange device and the liquid atomizing device are arranged in the shell; the liquid atomizing device comprises a liquid supply pipe, an atomizing exhaust pipe and an atomizing head. The atomizing exhaust pipe is connected to the liquid supply pipe, and the atomizing head is arranged on the atomizing exhaust pipe. The atomizing pipes are arranged in layers in a matrix form, and a plurality of atomizing heads are arranged on the atomizing pipes. The atomizer heads are arranged in a three-dimensional distribution in the shell of the heat exchanger. The control center encodes the control device on the atomizer head. When the heat exchanger does not need to operate at full load, the proportion of atomizer heads that need to be opened is input. The control center selects the atomizer heads that need to be opened or closed according to a random function at a set interval. The opening or closing of each atomizer head is random, so as to achieve the effect of uniform atomization of the liquid in the shell.

13. A refrigeration system, characterized in that: It comprises a compressor, a heat exchanger, a liquid storage device and an evaporator which are connected in sequence, and the heat exchanger is the three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger as described in any one of claims 1-11.

14. A carbon dioxide multi-split central air conditioner, comprising an indoor heat exchanger and an outdoor unit, wherein the outdoor unit is connected to the indoor heat exchanger through a pipeline, characterized in that: The outdoor unit includes a carbon dioxide compressor, a liquid storage device and a heat exchanger. The central air conditioner uses carbon dioxide as a single-circulation working fluid. The heat exchanger is a three-dimensional distributed liquid atomizing heat exchanger as described in any one of claims 1-11.

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