Construction method of cover-excavation reverse construction prefabricated underground parking shaft

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method of a cover-excavation reverse assembly type underground parking shaft, comprising the following steps: 1. constructing a parking garage shaft cover support pile; 2. constructing a support beam and a cover platform; 3. excavating earthwork; 4. installing a reinforced concrete back plate; 5. installing an assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking space support platform frame; 6. repeatedly constructing multi-layer parking spaces; 7. waterproofing construction, and obtaining a cover-excavation reverse assembly type underground parking shaft. The invention symmetrically opens U-shaped grooves on both sides of the shaft cover support pile and installs a back plate to form the outline of the shaft. In the subsequent downward construction, it is only necessary to install the back plate into the U-shaped groove on the ground, and there is no need to hoist the back plate into the shaft. By constructing a support beam and a cover platform, a cover-excavation reverse construction mode is formed, and each layer of parking space is constructed from top to bottom in sequence, which is beneficial to protecting adjacent buildings and structures. The foundation pit is exposed for a short time, and it is used for urban block construction, with little impact on the surrounding environment, convenient construction, and reduced construction costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underground parking shafts, and in particular relates to a construction method of a cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of people's living standards, the number of vehicles in cities is increasing, and it is common for every family to own a car. At present, there is less and less available land in cities, and there is not enough open space to build parking lots. The serious shortage of parking spaces is a common problem in major cities. The problem of difficulty in parking has affected people's work efficiency and the efficiency of urban operation, caused many parking and traffic disputes, and affected the city's traffic order, traffic safety and social peace and tranquility. However, the construction of parking spaces is restricted, especially in old communities. The buildings in these areas are generally built early, and parking spaces are not equipped according to the current prescribed ratio, causing traffic congestion and unsafe roads, and it is not convenient for foreign vehicles to enter, bringing inconvenience to travel.

[0003] In order to solve this problem, many areas have adopted the method of adding underground parking spaces to provide more parking spaces. However, the roads in such areas are generally narrow, the existing buildings are dense, and there is little available space, which will have an impact on the surrounding environment. Therefore, a cover-and-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft construction method with little impact on the surrounding environment and convenient construction is needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a construction method of a cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art. The method sets shaft cover support piles around the shaft where the shaft needs to be opened to limit the shaft position, which is convenient for subsequent construction. U-shaped grooves are symmetrically opened on both sides of the shaft cover support piles and back plates are installed to form the outline of the shaft. In the subsequent downward construction, it is only necessary to install the back plate into the U-shaped groove on the ground, and there is no need to hoist the back plate underground. The construction is convenient and the construction cost is reduced. By constructing support beams and cover platforms, a cover-excavation mode is formed, which can effectively control the deformation and surface settlement of the surrounding soil, which is beneficial to the protection of adjacent buildings and structures. The foundation pit is exposed for a short time. When used for urban block construction, the road surface can be restored as soon as possible by excavating from top to bottom to form a reverse construction mode. The parking space of each layer is constructed from top to bottom in sequence, which has little impact on the surrounding environment and is convenient for construction.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a construction method of a cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: constructing parking garage shaft cover support piles: setting shaft cover support piles around the shaft to be constructed, and obtaining a plurality of support piles that form the shaft contour; the support piles are provided with two U-shaped grooves for mounting the back plate;

[0007] Step 2: construct support beams and cover platforms: construct support beams on the top of the multiple support piles obtained in step 1, and then construct cover platforms on the support beams to obtain a parking garage shaft support structure; a construction hole is reserved in the center of the construction cover platform, and hollow holes are also reserved on the construction cover platform for mounting back panels in two U-shaped grooves;

[0008] Step 3: excavating earth: excavating earth below the cover platform of the parking garage shaft support structure obtained in step 2 to obtain a layer of parking space;

[0009] Step 4: Install the reinforced concrete backboard: Install the reinforced concrete backboard in the U-shaped groove of the support pile of the parking space on the first floor obtained in step 3 to obtain a parking space with the backboard installed; install a piece of reinforced concrete backboard on two adjacent support piles;

[0010] Step 5: Installing the assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking support platform frame: Installing the assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking support platform frame in the parking space where the back plate is installed obtained in step 3 to obtain a parking space on one floor; the assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking support platform frame is connected to the support beam;

[0011] Step 6: Repeat the construction of multi-layer parking spaces: Repeat the process of steps 3 to 5 below the first-layer parking spaces obtained in step 5 to obtain multi-layer parking spaces; wherein the parking space support platform frames between the parking spaces on adjacent layers are connected to each other;

[0012] Step 7, waterproofing construction: inject waterproofing material into the gaps between the back panels of the multi-storey parking spaces obtained in step 6, then construct a pit at the bottom of the multi-storey parking spaces, and then install parking equipment to obtain a cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft.

[0013] The present invention firstly sets shaft cover support piles around the shaft where a shaft is to be opened, and obtains a plurality of support piles that form the outline of the shaft. The shaft position is limited by the support piles to facilitate subsequent construction. U-shaped grooves are symmetrically opened on both sides of the shaft cover support piles for mounting a back plate. One back plate is mounted on the U-shaped grooves facing each other on two adjacent support piles to form the outline of the shaft. During subsequent downward construction, the back plate moves toward the bottom of the shaft as the U-shaped grooves limit the position. It is only necessary to mount the back plate into the U-shaped grooves on the ground, and there is no need to hoist the back plate into the shaft. The construction is convenient and the construction cost is reduced. The support beams and the cover platform are constructed, wherein the support beams support the cover platform to form a cover-excavation mode, which can effectively control the deformation of the surrounding soil and the surface settlement, is beneficial to protecting nearby buildings and structures, and the foundation pit is exposed for a short time. When used for construction in urban blocks, the road surface can be restored as soon as possible. The diameter of the cover platform is larger than the diameter of the shaft, ensuring full coverage of the interior of the shaft. Hollow holes are set for installing the backboard from the ground into the U-shaped groove. The shape of the hollow holes is set according to the shape of the backboard, which is easy to install. By excavating from top to bottom, a reverse construction mode is formed, and each layer of parking space is constructed from top to bottom in sequence. After the construction of each layer of parking space, an assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking space support platform frame is installed. The platform frame not only supports the parking space, but also directly constitutes the basic frame of the parking space without the need to be dismantled in the future. The construction is convenient, and multi-layer parking spaces are obtained by sequentially constructing downwards. Finally, waterproof materials are injected into the gaps between the backboards of the multi-layer parking spaces, so that the backboards form an integral structure with waterproof properties. Then, a pit is constructed at the bottom of the multi-layer parking space, and then parking equipment is installed to obtain a cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft.

[0014] The above-mentioned construction method of the cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft is characterized in that the specific construction process of the shaft cover support pile in step one is: drilling holes at the position where the support pile is installed, then putting in the steel cage and U-shaped channel steel, and then pouring concrete to obtain the support pile, and a foam board is placed in the groove of the U-shaped channel steel, and the length of the U-shaped channel steel is equal to the depth of the shaft. The present invention first drills holes, then puts in the steel cage and U-shaped channel steel to form a mold, and finally pours concrete to obtain the support pile. By placing a foam board in the groove of the U-shaped channel steel to prevent cement from entering the U-shaped channel steel, it is ensured that a U-shaped groove is formed in the support pile. The U-shaped groove of the support pile is located on the left and right sides of the support pile and the two U-shaped grooves form a certain angle. The U-shaped channel steel only needs to be equal to the depth of the shaft, that is, equal to the part where the back plate needs to be installed, saving resources.

[0015] The above-mentioned construction method of the cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft is characterized in that the shaft described in step one is cylindrical or prismatic, the diameter of the support pile is 800mm to 1200mm, and the length of the support pile is 1.3 to 1.5 times the depth of the shaft. In the present invention, the shaft is cylindrical or prismatic, corresponding to a cylindrical underground parking shaft or a prismatic underground parking shaft. When the shaft is cylindrical, the support piles form a circle, and a parking space is formed between every two support piles. When the shaft is prismatic, the parking space is divided into two parts, left and right, and the support piles form a rectangle. The stability of the overall structure is ensured by the connection of the support beams. By controlling the length of the support piles to be greater than the depth of the shaft, the support piles are ensured to extend into the ground, thereby ensuring the stability of the overall structure.

[0016] The above-mentioned construction method of a cover-and-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft is characterized in that when the shaft is cylindrical, one end of the support beam in step two is connected to the top end of the supporting pile toward the center of the shaft, and an annular ring beam is set at the center of the shaft to connect with the support beam, and the construction cover platform is in the shape of a circular ring, and the inner diameter of the annular ring beam is larger than the diameter of the inner circle of the construction cover platform; when the shaft is prismatic, one end of the support beam in step two is connected to the top end of the supporting pile vertically toward the inside of the shaft, and a rectangular ring beam is set to connect with the support beam, and the construction cover platform is a rectangle with a hole in the center, and the length and width of the rectangular ring beam are both larger than the length and width of the hole. When the shaft is cylindrical, the present invention controls one end of the support beam to connect to one end of the top of the support pile toward the center of the shaft, and sets an annular ring beam at the center of the shaft to connect with the support beam, that is, the circle surrounded by the support piles is divided into a plurality of sectors by the support beam, and an annular ring beam is set in the middle to connect them, that is, a circular ring is formed, and the circular ring is divided into a plurality of sectors, and the inner diameter of the annular ring beam is larger than the diameter of the inner circle of the cover plate platform, which is convenient for subsequent construction; when the shaft is prismatic, the present invention controls one end of the support beam to connect to one end of the top of the support pile vertically toward the inside of the shaft, and sets a rectangular ring beam to connect with the support beam, that is, the columnar ring beam and the support beam are surrounded into the shape of each parking space, and the length and width of the rectangular ring beam are larger than the length and width of the hole, which is convenient for subsequent construction.

[0017] The above-mentioned construction method of the cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft is characterized in that the height of the parking space of the first layer in step 3 is 2m to 3m. The present invention controls the height of the parking space, determines the height of each layer of parking spaces, and thus determines the height of the entire underground parking shaft, thereby ensuring the utilization rate of the space.

[0018] The above-mentioned construction method of the cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft is characterized in that the upper and lower ends of the back plate in step four are provided with connection holes for connecting the upper and lower back plates, the upper and lower ends of the back plate are arranged in a step shape that fits each other, and L-shaped angle steels are installed for welding the upper and lower back plates, waterproof tapes are reserved at the upper and lower ends of the back plate, a grouting hole is reserved in the center of the back plate, and the thickness of the back plate is 20cm to 30cm. The present invention provides connection holes for connecting the upper and lower backboards at both ends of the backboard, fixes the upper and lower adjacent backboards inserted into the U-shaped groove to form a whole, sets the upper and lower ends of the backboard to match each other in step shape, makes the upper and lower backboards fit each other, and is easy to install, arranges L-shaped angle steel to facilitate welding of the upper and lower adjacent backboards for further reinforcement, prevents groundwater from seeping into the gap between the upper and lower backboards by reserving waterproof tape, arranges grouting holes for filling the gap between the backboards, improves the strength of the overall structure, controls the thickness of the backboard to facilitate construction while ensuring the structural strength, and controls the height of the backboard to facilitate construction, and the height of the backboard is convenient for transportation and installation.

[0019] The construction method of the above-mentioned cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft is characterized in that the reinforced concrete back plate is in the shape of a tile. In the present invention, when the shaft is cylindrical, the reinforced concrete back plate is in the shape of a tile, and the tile-shaped back plate is used to form a circle to form a cylindrical shaft. When the shaft is prismatic, a rectangular back plate can also be used to form a prismatic shape to form a prismatic shaft. The force effect of the tile-shaped back plate is better. In addition, the reinforced concrete back plate of the present invention can also be a tile-shaped without curvature, that is, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, which can be selected according to different needs.

[0020] The above-mentioned construction method of the cover-excavation reverse construction assembled underground parking shaft is characterized in that when the shaft is cylindrical, the assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking space support platform frame in step 5 is a circular three-dimensional structure, and when the shaft is prismatic, the assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking space support platform frame is a rectangular parallelepiped structure. The present invention forms the basic structure of the parking space by arranging assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking space support platform frames of different shapes in shafts of different shapes.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. The present invention sets shaft cover support piles around the shaft where the shaft needs to be opened to limit the shaft position, which is convenient for subsequent construction. U-shaped grooves are symmetrically opened on both sides of the shaft cover support piles and back plates are installed to form the outline of the shaft. During subsequent downward construction, it is only necessary to install the back plate into the U-shaped groove on the ground, and there is no need to hoist the back plate into the shaft. The construction is convenient and the construction cost is reduced. A cover-and-excavation mode is formed by constructing support beams and cover platforms, which can effectively control the deformation of the surrounding soil and surface settlement, and is beneficial to protecting nearby buildings and structures. The foundation pit is exposed for a short time, and the road surface can be restored as soon as possible when used for urban block construction. A reverse construction mode is formed by excavating from top to bottom, and each layer of parking space is constructed from top to bottom in turn, which has little impact on the surrounding environment and is convenient for construction.

[0023] 2. The present invention installs an assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking space support platform frame after constructing each layer of parking space. The platform frame not only supports the parking space, but also directly constitutes the basic framework of the parking space without the need to be dismantled later, and the construction is convenient.

[0024] 3. The present invention provides a hollow hole for installing the back plate in the U-shaped groove from the ground, which is convenient for installation. By providing connection holes for connecting the upper and lower back plates at both ends of the back plate, the upper and lower adjacent back plates installed in the U-shaped groove are fixed to form a whole. By setting the upper and lower ends of the back plate to match each other in steps, the upper and lower back plates fit each other and are easy to install. By providing an L-shaped angle steel, it is convenient to weld the upper and lower adjacent back plates for further reinforcement. By reserving waterproof tape, the connecting parts between the upper and lower back plates are prevented from rusting and the service life is improved. By providing grouting holes for filling the gaps between the back plates, the strength of the overall structure is improved. By controlling the thickness of the back plate, it is convenient to carry out construction while ensuring the structural strength. By controlling the height of the back plate, it is convenient to carry out construction.

[0025] 4. The shaft in the present invention is cylindrical or prismatic, corresponding to a cylindrical underground parking shaft or a prismatic underground parking shaft, and is suitable for the construction of parking garage shafts with different requirements, and is selected according to the underground environment and actual needs.

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the parking garage shaft support structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a parking frame for one layer of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the back plate of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 AA section view.

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of 12 cylindrical shaft support piles that form a cylindrical shaft profile in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of supporting piles for a cylindrical shaft in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the support beam for the cylindrical shaft and the annular ring beam in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of a cover plate for a cylindrical shaft in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the supporting piles for the cylindrical shaft and the tile-shaped reinforced concrete back plate in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Fig.10 It is a schematic structural diagram of 20 supporting piles for a quadrangular prism-shaped shaft that surround a quadrangular prism-shaped shaft profile in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0037] Fig.11 It is a schematic structural diagram of a supporting pile for a quadrangular prism-shaped vertical shaft having a second U-shaped groove in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0038] Fig.12 It is a schematic structural diagram of a supporting pile for a quadrangular prism-shaped vertical shaft having a third U-shaped groove in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0039] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the supporting beam for the quadrangular prism-shaped shaft and the rectangular ring beam in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0040] Fig.14 It is a schematic structural diagram of a cover platform for a quadrangular prism-shaped shaft in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0041] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the supporting piles for the quadrangular prism-shaped shaft and the rectangular reinforced concrete back plate in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0042] Description of reference numerals:

[0043] 1—Support pile; 2—Support beam; 3—Covering platform;

[0044] 3-1—Construction hole; 4—Platform frame; 5—Earthwork;

[0045] 6—back plate; 6-1—connection hole; 6-2—L-shaped angle steel;

[0046] 6-3—Grouting hole; 7—Support piles for cylindrical shaft;

[0047] 7-1—first U-shaped groove; 8—support beam for cylindrical shaft;

[0048] 8-1—annular ring beam; 9—covering platform for cylindrical shaft;

[0049] 9-1—arc-shaped hollow hole; 9-2—circular construction hole;

[0050] 10—Tile-shaped reinforced concrete back slab; 11—Support piles for quadrangular prism-shaped shafts;

[0051] 11-1—second U-shaped groove; 11-2—third U-shaped groove;

[0052] 12—Support beam for quadrangular prism shaft; 12-1—Rectangular ring beam;

[0053] 13—cover platform for quadrangular prism shaft; 13-1—rectangular hollow hole;

[0054] 13-2—Rectangular construction hole; 14—Rectangular reinforced concrete back slab. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the parking garage shaft support structure of the present invention, from Figure 1 It can be seen that support piles 1 are vertically set up around the vertical shaft to be constructed, support beams 2 are installed above the support piles 1, and a cover platform 3 is installed above the support beam 2. A construction hole 3-1 is opened on the cover platform 3, and the area surrounded by the center is the earth 5 to be excavated.

[0056] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the parking frame of the first floor of the present invention. Figure 2 It can be seen that supporting piles 1 are vertically set up around the vertical shaft to be constructed, supporting beams 2 are installed above the supporting piles 1, and a cover platform 3 is installed above the supporting beams 2. A construction hole 3-1 is opened on the cover platform 3. A parking space is dug out below the supporting beams 2, and an assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking space supporting platform frame 4 is installed, and below is the earth 5 to be excavated.

[0057] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the back plate of the present invention, Figure 3 It can be seen that both upper and lower ends of the back plate 6 are provided with connection holes 6 - 1 for connecting the back plates 6 in the upper and lower directions, and a grouting hole 6 - 3 is reserved in the center of the back plate 6 .

[0058] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 AA section view, from Figure 4 It can be seen that the upper and lower ends of the back plate 6 are both set to be stepped to match each other, and an L-shaped corner steel 6-2 for welding the upper and lower back plates 6 is installed on the same side.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] This embodiment includes the following steps:

[0061] Step 1: Construction of cylindrical shaft support piles for parking garage: cylindrical shaft support piles 7 are set around the shaft to be constructed, and 12 cylindrical shaft support piles 7 are obtained to form the cylindrical shaft outline. Figure 5 The cylindrical shaft support pile 7 is provided with two first U-shaped grooves 7-1 for mounting the slip-shaped reinforced concrete back plate 10, see Figure 6 ; The specific construction process of the cylindrical shaft support pile 7 is as follows: drilling a hole at the location where the cylindrical shaft support pile 7 is installed, then placing a steel cage and a U-shaped channel steel, and then pouring concrete to obtain the cylindrical shaft support pile 7, wherein a foam board is placed in the groove of the U-shaped channel steel, and the length of the U-shaped channel steel is equal to the shaft depth; the diameter of the cylindrical shaft support pile 7 is 1200 mm, and the length of the cylindrical shaft support pile 7 is 1.5 times the shaft depth, and the shaft depth is 30 m;

[0062] Step 2: construct cylindrical shaft support beam and cylindrical shaft cover platform: construct cylindrical shaft support beam 8 on top of cylindrical shaft support pile 7 obtained in step 1, and then construct cylindrical shaft cover platform 9 on top of cylindrical shaft support beam 8 to obtain parking garage shaft support structure; one end of cylindrical shaft support beam 8 is connected to the top of cylindrical shaft support pile 7 toward the center of the shaft, and an annular ring beam 8-1 is set in the center of the shaft to connect with cylindrical shaft support beam 8, see Figure 7 The cylindrical shaft construction cover plate platform 9 is provided with an arc-shaped hollow hole 9-1 for installing the slip-shaped reinforced concrete back plate 10 into the two U-shaped grooves, and the cylindrical shaft construction cover plate platform 9 is provided with a circular construction hole 9-2 in the center. Figure 8 The inner diameter of the annular ring beam 8-1 is larger than the diameter of the circular construction hole 9-2, and the diameter of the circular construction hole 9-2 is 6m;

[0063] Step 3: excavation: excavation is carried out under the cylindrical shaft cover platform 9 of the parking garage shaft support structure obtained in step 2 to obtain a parking space of one layer; the height of the parking space of one layer is 3m;

[0064] Step 4: Install the reinforced concrete back plate: Install the tile-shaped reinforced concrete back plate 10 in the U-shaped groove of the cylindrical shaft support pile 7 of the parking space on the first floor obtained in step 3 to obtain a parking space with a back plate installed; install a tile-shaped reinforced concrete back plate 10 in two adjacent cylindrical shafts with support piles 7, see Fig. 9 The upper and lower ends of the tile-shaped reinforced concrete back plate 10 are reserved with waterproof tape. The thickness of the tile-shaped reinforced concrete back plate 10 is 30 cm, and the height is the same as the height of the parking space on the first floor;

[0065] Step 5: Install the assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking support platform frame: Install the circular assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking support platform frame in the parking space with the back plate installed obtained in step 4 to obtain a parking space on the first floor; the circular assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking support platform frame is connected to the cylindrical shaft support beam 8;

[0066] Step 6: Repeat the construction of multi-layer parking spaces: Repeat the process of steps 3 to 5 below the first layer of parking spaces obtained in step 5 to obtain 10 layers of parking spaces; wherein the parking space support platform frames between adjacent layers of parking spaces are connected to each other, and the tile-shaped reinforced concrete back plates 10 of adjacent layers are connected to each other;

[0067] Step 7, waterproofing construction: inject waterproofing material into the grouting holes of the tile-shaped reinforced concrete back plate 10 of each parking space obtained in step 6, then construct a pit at the bottom of the 10-story parking space, and then install parking equipment to obtain a cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] This embodiment includes the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: constructing a parking garage quadrangular prism shaft support pile: set quadrangular prism shaft support piles 11 around the shaft to be constructed, and obtain 20 quadrangular prism shaft support piles 11 that form the outline of the quadrangular prism shaft. Fig.10 ; wherein the 16 quadrangular prism-shaped shaft support piles 11 are provided with two second U-shaped grooves 11-1 for mounting the rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14, see Fig.11 , wherein the four quadrangular prism-shaped shaft support piles 11 are provided with two third U-shaped grooves 11-2 for clamping the rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14, and the two third U-shaped grooves 11-2 are at an angle of 90°, see Fig.12; The specific construction process of the quadrangular prism shaft support pile 11 is as follows: drilling a hole at the location where the quadrangular prism shaft support pile 11 is installed, then placing a steel cage and a U-shaped channel steel, and then pouring concrete to obtain the quadrangular prism shaft support pile 11, wherein a foam board is placed in the groove of the U-shaped channel steel, and the length of the U-shaped channel steel is equal to the depth of the quadrangular prism shaft; the diameter of the quadrangular prism shaft support pile 11 is 1000 mm, and the length of the quadrangular prism shaft support pile 11 is 1.4 times the depth of the shaft, and the depth of the shaft is 25 m;

[0071] Step 2: construct a quadrangular shaft support beam and a quadrangular shaft cover platform: construct a quadrangular shaft support beam 12 on top of the quadrangular shaft support pile 11 obtained in step 1, and then construct a quadrangular shaft cover platform 13 on top of the quadrangular shaft support beam 12 to obtain a parking garage shaft support structure; one end of the quadrangular shaft support beam 12 is connected to the top end of the quadrangular shaft support pile 11 and is vertically facing the inside of the shaft, and a rectangular ring beam 12-1 is set to connect with the quadrangular shaft support beam 12, as shown in FIG. Fig.13 The rectangular hollow hole 13-1 for installing the rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14 in the two U-shaped grooves is reserved on the cover plate platform 13 for constructing the quadrangular prism-shaped shaft. A rectangular construction hole 13-2 is opened in the center of the cover plate platform 13 for constructing the quadrangular prism-shaped shaft. Fig.14 , the length and width of the rectangular ring beam 12-1 are both greater than the length and width of the rectangular construction hole 13-2, and the length and width of the rectangular construction hole 13-2 are both 6m;

[0072] Step 3: excavation: excavation is carried out under the quadrangular prism-shaped shaft cover platform 13 of the parking garage shaft support structure obtained in step 2 to obtain a parking space of one layer; the height of the parking space of one layer is 2.5m;

[0073] Step 4: Install the reinforced concrete back plate: Install a rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14 in the U-shaped groove of the supporting pile 11 of the quadrangular prism-shaped shaft of the parking space on the first floor obtained in step 3 to obtain a parking space with a back plate installed; install a rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14 in two adjacent quadrangular prism-shaped shafts with supporting piles 11, see Fig.15 The rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14 has waterproof tapes at both ends, and the thickness of the rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14 is 25 cm, and the height is the same as the height of the parking space on the first floor;

[0074] Step 5: Install the assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking support platform frame: install a rectangular parallelepiped steel structure parking support platform frame in the parking space for installing the back plate obtained in step 4 to obtain a parking space on one floor; the rectangular parallelepiped steel structure parking support platform frame is connected to the quadrangular prism-shaped shaft support beam 12;

[0075] Step 6: Repeat the construction of multi-layer parking spaces: Repeat the process of steps 3 to 5 below the first layer of parking spaces obtained in step 5 to obtain 10 layers of parking spaces; wherein the parking space support platform frames between adjacent layers of parking spaces are connected to each other, and the rectangular reinforced concrete back plates 14 of adjacent layers are connected to each other;

[0076] Step 7, waterproofing construction: inject waterproofing material into the grouting holes of the rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14 of each parking space obtained in step 6, then construct a pit at the bottom of the 10-story parking space, and then install parking equipment to obtain a cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft.

[0077] Example 3

[0078] This embodiment includes the following steps:

[0079] Step 1, constructing support piles for cylindrical shafts of parking garages: cylindrical shaft support piles 7 are arranged around the shaft to be constructed, and 10 cylindrical shaft support piles 7 are obtained to form the outline of a cylindrical shaft; two first U-shaped grooves 7-1 for installing slip-shaped reinforced concrete back plates 10 are provided on the cylindrical shaft support piles 7; the specific construction process of the cylindrical shaft support piles 7 is as follows: drilling holes at the locations where the cylindrical shaft support piles 7 are installed, and then steel cages and U-shaped channel steels are placed, and then concrete is poured to obtain cylindrical shaft support piles 7, wherein a foam board is placed in the groove of the U-shaped channel steel, and the length of the U-shaped channel steel is equal to the depth of the shaft; the diameter of the cylindrical shaft support piles 7 is 800 mm, and the length of the cylindrical shaft support piles 7 is 1.3 times the depth of the shaft, and the depth of the shaft is 20 m;

[0080] Step 2: construct cylindrical shaft support beam and cylindrical shaft cover platform: construct cylindrical shaft support beam 8 on top of cylindrical shaft support pile 7 obtained in step 1, and then construct cylindrical shaft cover platform 9 on top of cylindrical shaft support beam 8 to obtain parking garage shaft support structure; one end of cylindrical shaft support beam 8 is connected to the top of cylindrical shaft support pile 7 toward the center of the shaft, and an annular ring beam 8-1 is set in the center of the shaft to connect with cylindrical shaft support beam 8, see Figure 7 The cylindrical shaft construction cover plate platform 9 is provided with an arc-shaped hollow hole 9-1 for installing the slip-shaped reinforced concrete back plate 10 into the two U-shaped grooves, and the cylindrical shaft construction cover plate platform 9 is provided with a circular construction hole 9-2 in the center. Figure 8 , the inner diameter of the annular ring beam 8-1 is larger than the diameter of the circular construction hole 9-2, and the diameter of the circular construction hole 9-2 is 6m;

[0081] Step 3: excavation: excavation is carried out under the cylindrical shaft cover platform 9 of the parking garage shaft support structure obtained in step 2 to obtain a parking space of one layer; the height of the parking space of one layer is 2m;

[0082] Step 4: Install the reinforced concrete back plate: Install the tile-shaped reinforced concrete back plate 10 in the U-shaped groove of the cylindrical shaft support pile 7 of the parking space on the first floor obtained in step 3 to obtain a parking space with a back plate installed; install a tile-shaped reinforced concrete back plate 10 in two adjacent cylindrical shafts with support piles 7, see Fig. 9 The upper and lower ends of the tile-shaped reinforced concrete back plate 10 are reserved with waterproof tape. The thickness of the tile-shaped reinforced concrete back plate 10 is 20 cm, and the height is the same as the height of the parking space on the first floor;

[0083] Step 5: Install the assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking support platform frame: Install the circular assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking support platform frame in the parking space with the back plate installed obtained in step 4 to obtain a parking space on the first floor; the circular assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking support platform frame is connected to the cylindrical shaft support beam 8;

[0084] Step 6: Repeat the construction of multi-layer parking spaces: Repeat the process of steps 3 to 5 below the first layer of parking spaces obtained in step 5 to obtain 10 layers of parking spaces; wherein the parking space support platform frames between adjacent layers of parking spaces are connected to each other, and the tile-shaped reinforced concrete back plates 10 of adjacent layers are connected to each other;

[0085] Step 7, waterproofing construction: inject waterproofing material into the grouting holes of the tile-shaped reinforced concrete back plate 10 of each parking space obtained in step 6, then construct a pit at the bottom of the 10-story parking space, and then install parking equipment to obtain a cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft.

[0086] Example 4

[0087] This embodiment includes the following steps:

[0088] Step 1: construct supporting piles for a quadrangular prism-shaped shaft of a parking garage: quadrangular prism-shaped shaft supporting piles 11 are arranged around the shaft to be constructed, and 18 quadrangular prism-shaped shaft supporting piles 11 are obtained to form the outline of a quadrangular prism-shaped shaft; 14 of the quadrangular prism-shaped shaft supporting piles 11 are provided with two second U-shaped grooves 11-1 for clamping a rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14, and 4 of the quadrangular prism-shaped shaft supporting piles 11 are provided with two third U-shaped grooves 11-2 for clamping a rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14, and the two third U-shaped grooves 11-2 are provided with a third U-shaped groove 11-2. The angle is 90°; the specific construction process of the quadrangular prism shaft support pile 11 is as follows: drilling a hole at the location where the quadrangular prism shaft support pile 11 is installed, then placing a steel cage and a U-shaped channel steel, and then pouring concrete to obtain the quadrangular prism shaft support pile 11, a foam board is placed in the groove of the U-shaped channel steel, and the length of the U-shaped channel steel is equal to the depth of the quadrangular prism shaft; the diameter of the quadrangular prism shaft support pile 11 is 1100mm, and the length of the quadrangular prism shaft support pile 11 is 1.5 times the depth of the shaft, and the depth of the shaft is 27m;

[0089] Step 2: construct a quadrangular shaft support beam and a quadrangular shaft cover platform: construct a quadrangular shaft support beam 12 on top of the quadrangular shaft support pile 11 obtained in step 1, and then construct a quadrangular shaft cover platform 13 on top of the quadrangular shaft support beam 12 to obtain a parking garage shaft support structure; one end of the quadrangular shaft support beam 12 is connected to the top end of the quadrangular shaft support pile 11 and is vertically facing the inside of the shaft, and a rectangular ring beam 12-1 is set to connect with the quadrangular shaft support beam 12, as shown in FIG. Fig.13 The rectangular hollow hole 13-1 for installing the rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14 in the two U-shaped grooves is reserved on the cover plate platform 13 for constructing the quadrangular prism-shaped shaft. A rectangular construction hole 13-2 is opened in the center of the cover plate platform 13 for constructing the quadrangular prism-shaped shaft. Fig.14 , the length and width of the rectangular ring beam 12-1 are both greater than the length and width of the rectangular construction hole 13-2, and the length and width of the rectangular construction hole 13-2 are both 6m;

[0090] Step 3: excavation: excavation is carried out under the quadrangular prism-shaped shaft cover platform 13 of the parking garage shaft support structure obtained in step 2 to obtain a parking space of one layer; the height of the parking space of one layer is 2.7m;

[0091] Step 4, installing the reinforced concrete back plate: install a rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14 in the U-shaped groove of the supporting pile 11 of the quadrangular prism-shaped shaft of the parking space on the first floor obtained in step 3 to obtain a parking space for installing the back plate; install a rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14 on two adjacent quadrangular prism-shaped shaft supporting piles 11; waterproof tapes are reserved at both ends of the rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14, the thickness of the rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14 is 27 cm, and the height is the same as the height of the parking space on the first floor;

[0092] Step 5: Install the assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking support platform frame: install a rectangular parallelepiped steel structure parking support platform frame in the parking space for installing the back plate obtained in step 4 to obtain a parking space on one floor; the rectangular parallelepiped steel structure parking support platform frame is connected to the quadrangular prism-shaped shaft support beam 12;

[0093] Step 6: Repeat the construction of multi-layer parking spaces: Repeat the process of steps 3 to 5 below the first layer of parking spaces obtained in step 5 to obtain 10 layers of parking spaces; wherein the parking space support platform frames between adjacent layers of parking spaces are connected to each other, and the rectangular reinforced concrete back plates 14 of adjacent layers are connected to each other;

[0094] Step 7, waterproofing construction: inject waterproofing material into the grouting holes of the rectangular reinforced concrete back plate 14 of each parking space obtained in step 6, then construct a pit at the bottom of the 10-story parking space, and then install parking equipment to obtain a cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft.

[0095] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent change made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for a cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: constructing parking garage shaft cover support piles: setting shaft cover support piles (1) around the shaft to be constructed, and obtaining a plurality of support piles (1) that form the shaft contour; the support piles (1) are provided with two U-shaped grooves for mounting a back plate (6); Step 2, constructing a support beam and a cover platform: constructing a support beam (2) on top of the multiple support piles (1) obtained in step 1, and then constructing a cover platform (3) above the support beam (2) to obtain a parking garage shaft support structure; a construction hole (3-1) is reserved in the center of the construction cover platform (3), and hollow holes are also reserved on the construction cover platform (3) for mounting a back plate (6) in two U-shaped grooves; Step 3: excavating earth: excavating earth (5) below the cover platform (3) of the parking garage shaft support structure obtained in step 2 to obtain a parking space on the first floor; Step 4: Installing a reinforced concrete back plate: installing a reinforced concrete back plate (6) in the U-shaped groove of the support pile (1) of the parking space layer obtained in step 3 to obtain a parking space with a back plate installed; installing a piece of reinforced concrete back plate (6) on two adjacent support piles (1); Step 5: Installing the assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking space support platform frame: installing the assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking space support platform frame (4) in the parking space where the back plate is installed obtained in step 3 to obtain a layer of parking space; the assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking space support platform frame (4) is connected to the support beam (2); Step 6: Repeat the construction of multi-layer parking spaces: Repeat the process of steps 3 to 5 below the first layer of parking spaces obtained in step 5 to obtain multi-layer parking spaces; wherein the parking space support platform frames (4) between adjacent layers of parking spaces are connected to each other; Step 7: Waterproofing construction: inject waterproofing material into the gaps between the back panels (6) of the multi-storey parking spaces obtained in step 6, then construct a pit at the bottom of the multi-storey parking spaces, and then install parking equipment to obtain a cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft.

2. The construction method of the cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific construction process of the shaft cover support pile (1) in step 1 is as follows: drilling a hole at the location where the support pile (1) is to be installed, then placing a steel cage and a U-shaped channel steel, and then pouring concrete to obtain the support pile (1), wherein a foam board is placed in the groove of the U-shaped channel steel, and the length of the U-shaped channel steel is equal to the depth of the shaft.

3. The construction method of the cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, the vertical shaft is cylindrical or prismatic, the diameter of the support pile (1) is 800 mm to 1200 mm, and the length of the support pile (1) is 1.3 to 1.5 times the depth of the vertical shaft.

4. The construction method of the cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When the shaft is cylindrical, one end of the support beam (2) in step 2 is connected to the top of the support pile (1) and faces the center of the shaft, and an annular ring beam (8-1) is set at the center of the shaft to connect with the support beam (2), and the construction cover platform (3) is annular, and the inner diameter of the annular ring beam (8-1) is greater than the diameter of the inner circle of the construction cover platform (3); when the shaft is prismatic, one end of the support beam (2) in step 2 is connected to the top of the support pile (1) and faces vertically to the inside of the shaft, and a rectangular ring beam (12-1) is set to connect with the support beam (2), and the construction cover platform (3) is a rectangle with a hole in the center, and the length and width of the rectangular ring beam (12-1) are greater than the length and width of the hole.

5. The construction method of the cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 3, the height of the parking space on the first floor is 2m to 3m.

6. The construction method of the cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 4, the upper and lower ends of the back plate (6) are provided with connection holes (6-1) for connecting the upper and lower back plates (6). The upper and lower ends of the back plate (6) are arranged in a step shape that matches each other, and an L-shaped corner steel (6-2) is installed for welding the upper and lower back plates (6). The upper and lower ends of the back plate (6) are reserved with waterproof tapes, and a grouting hole (6-3) is reserved in the center of the back plate (6). The thickness of the back plate (6) is 20 cm to 30 cm.

7. The construction method of the cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The reinforced concrete back plate (6) is in a tile shape.

8. The construction method of the cover-excavation reverse-construction assembled underground parking shaft according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When the vertical shaft is cylindrical, the assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking space support platform frame (4) in step five is a circular three-dimensional structure; when the vertical shaft is prismatic, the assembled three-dimensional steel structure parking space support platform frame (4) is a rectangular parallelepiped structure.

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