A kind of eustoma asexual propagation seedling method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for asexual propagation of Eustoma grandiflorum seedlings, the method comprising the following steps: step 1, establishment of cutting mother plant; step 2, cutting harvest; step 3, cutting; step 4, post-cutting management; step 5, seedling hardening. The seedlings propagated by the method have the following significant advantages: (1) the seedling raising period is shortened from 3 months to 18-21 days. (2) shortening the growth period: the seedlings propagated by the method have a well-developed root system, a short seedling acclimatization period after planting, and strong seedlings, fast growth, neat flowering, and can be harvested after 12 weeks of planting, which greatly increases the circulation speed of land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for asexual propagation of lisianthus seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Commonly known as thornless roses, lisianthus is popular among people for its rich colors, beautiful flower shapes, long storage and transportation, and long shelf life. The Yunnan lisianthus industry has developed rapidly, with a planting area accounting for more than 70% of the country. As a rising star in Yunnan flowers, lisianthus has become the fourth largest cut flower after roses, lilies, and carnations. At the growth rate in recent years, it will soon become the third largest cut flower. In 2021, the planting area of ​​lisianthus in Yunnan reached 15,000 acres, with an annual output of 600 million branches and an output value of 1.2 billion yuan, an average annual increase of more than 30%. Judging from the market situation and production benefits of lisianthus cut flowers in recent years, lisianthus has become one of the most dynamic and promising cut flower varieties.

[0003] However, the core seed sources and technologies for developing the Eustoma industry have not been fundamentally resolved.

[0004] Here are the reasons:

[0005] my country relies 100% on imports from Japan for lisianthus varieties, and 70% on imports from the Netherlands for seedlings. At present, lisianthus seedling production is all propagated by F1 hybrid seeds. There are two main sources of lisianthus seedlings in China. First, they are imported from professional breeding companies in the Netherlands, and the import volume from the Netherlands accounts for about 50% of the total demand. The seedling production model in the Netherlands is: purchase seeds from Japanese breeding companies, use their advanced equipment and technology to carry out professional production of seedlings, and then sell the seedlings to all parts of the world. Second, local companies purchase Japanese seeds for self-breeding, which accounts for about 45% of the total demand. The F1 generation coated hybrid breeding is expensive, with a price of 0.6-1.0 yuan per plant, of which the transportation cost accounts for about 30%, and the seed germination and seedling growth are slow. It takes 3 months from sowing to planting. During this period, it is greatly affected by the environment, the seedling breeding technology is very high, and the seedling supply is limited, which greatly hinders the commercial production of lisianthus cut flowers in my country.

[0006] The use of asexual lines for propagation (mainly cutting propagation) is an important method for seedling production. At present, there are no successful commercial seedlings of Eustoma grandiflorum asexual propagation at home and abroad. A small number of research units have studied Eustoma grandiflorum seedling propagation technology by tissue culture or cutting propagation. However, due to the prominent problems of tissue culture seedling variation and vitrification, low propagation efficiency, and the problems of rosette, no flowering and delayed flowering after planting of tissue culture seedlings, the large-scale application of tissue culture seedlings is still relatively small. Cutting propagation is greatly affected by the quality of the mother plant, season and environmental conditions, the rooting rate is unstable, the seedlings rot in summer, and the diseases after planting are serious and the flowering is poor, so it has not been promoted and applied.

[0007] During cultivation, lisianthus is prone to rosette formation (dense leaves, no bolting, and the plant does not grow tall). Once rosette formation occurs, it is difficult to improve it to a normal plant in a short period of time. Rosette formation can be appropriately eliminated by spraying gibberellins and other technical means, but the flowering time can be delayed by 3-4 months, causing huge losses to growers. In the actual production of lisianthus, about 30% of seedlings produced by seeds treated with low temperature will still have rosette formation. It is currently believed that rosette formation is a growth state caused by an adverse environment, and rosette formation may occur at different stages of lisianthus growth. It is generally believed that too high or too low temperature will cause rosette formation, but there is no accurate conclusion on the threshold range of temperature. However, there are also literatures showing that night temperatures above 23°C and below 8°C will cause rosette formation. In summary, research on providing a breeding method to reduce rosette formation in lisianthus has become a technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0008] The invention provides a method for asexual propagation of lisianthus seedlings, thereby shortening the lisianthus seedling raising period, improving the seedling rooting rate, reducing the seedling rosette ratio, improving the consistency of late growth and flowering of the seedlings, and providing a basis and technical support for the factory production of high-yield and high-quality seedlings.

[0009] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solution.

[0010] The method for asexual propagation of Eustoma grandiflorum seedlings of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Establishment of mother plant for collecting buds: Plant the 4-leaf 1-heart Eustoma seedlings in the mother plant greenhouse for collecting buds.

[0012] The planting medium adopts light soilless culture medium coconut bran; the mother plant cultivation greenhouse is controlled between 13-28°C, the light intensity is between 30000-50000Lx, and the relative air humidity is between 50%-70%.

[0013] When the plant grows to 6 leaves and 1 heart, remove the terminal bud to promote the growth of lateral buds at the base of the leaves. When the lateral buds grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart, remove the terminal bud.

[0014] After multiple topping and pinching, the number of cuttings from the mother plant becomes relatively stable after 6-8 weeks. After the production capacity of the mother plant reaches 2-3 cuttings / two weeks / plant, the establishment of the mother plant is completed and seedling production officially begins.

[0015] Step 2: Harvesting cuttings: Select healthy side shoots from the established Eustoma mother plant and harvest the cuttings with sterilized scissors.

[0016] Each cutting should retain 2 leaves and 1 heart or 4 leaves and 1 heart.

[0017] After harvesting the cuttings, put them into the cutting harvesting bag in time, spray water to keep them moist, and put them into a 4-6℃ cold storage for standby use. The time should not exceed 24 hours, or they can be planted immediately after harvesting.

[0018] Step 3: Cuttings:

[0019] Preparation of seedling medium: Use 72-mesh plug tray and place the seedling medium blocks in the plug tray.

[0020] The substrate blocks were made of a mixture of peat and perlite in a volume ratio of 5:1.

[0021] Before cutting, the substrate blocks should be fully watered and set aside.

[0022] Cuttings: Dip the base of the cuttings in rooting powder and insert them into the seedling block to the base of the leaves.

[0023] The rooting powder is prepared by uniformly mixing IBA (indolebutyric acid) in talcum powder, and the IBA concentration is 2500ppm.

[0024] Step 4: Management after cutting:

[0025] Full lighting treatment is adopted, and the air humidity in the cutting greenhouse is maintained above 85% through high-pressure mist intermittent spraying. The temperature of the seedling greenhouse is maintained at 24°C throughout the day through the comprehensive regulation of heating pipes, fans, water curtains and other facilities.

[0026] 5-7 days after cuttings, callus tissue begins to appear at the base of the cuttings.

[0027] After 10-14 days, the roots grow rapidly and extend out of the seedling block, and then enter the seedling hardening greenhouse for hardening.

[0028] Step 5: Hardening the seedlings

[0029] During the seedling hardening period, the temperature is controlled between 18-21℃, the humidity is controlled between 70%-85%, and the light is controlled between 20000-25000Lx.

[0030] After 5-7 days of hardening, the seedlings will reach a height of 6-10cm and emerge.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) The present invention adopts full-light mist cuttings, and by precisely controlling key environmental factors that affect cutting rooting, such as temperature, humidity, and light, the seedling raising period is shortened to 18-21 days, the rooting rate reaches more than 90%, the root system is well developed, and the seedling rate after transplanting is more than 95%, which is significantly higher than the seedling rate of seed seedlings, and year-round production is achieved. 2) The present invention solves the problem that conventional cuttings of lisianthus are easily infected by root diseases, have low rooting rates, unstable rooting rates, are greatly affected by seasons, and are difficult to achieve commercial seedling production. 3) Compared with seed seedlings, seedlings propagated by this method have the following significant advantages: (1) The seedling raising period is shortened from 3 months to 18-21 days. (2) Shortened growth period: The seedlings propagated by this method have a well-developed root system, a short seedling growth period after planting, and strong seedlings, rapid growth, and neat flowering. They can be harvested 12 weeks after planting, which greatly increases the speed of land turnover. (Compared to the general planting period of 4-6 months by farmers)

[0032] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a physical picture of the female plant of Eustoma grandiflorum with spikes of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a physical picture of the asexual propagation seedlings of Eustoma grandiflorum of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a physical picture of the growth status of Eustoma grandiflorum of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a real picture of the flowering state of Eustoma grandiflorum of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 For the comparison of Eustoma grandiflorum not propagated by the method of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0038] Figure 6 For the comparison of Eustoma grandiflorum not propagated by the method of the present invention Figure 2 ; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Step 1: Establishment of mother plant for collecting buds: Plant the 4-leaf 1-heart Eustoma seedlings in the mother plant greenhouse for collecting buds.

[0040] The planting medium adopts light soilless culture medium coconut bran; the mother plant cultivation greenhouse is controlled between 13-28°C, the light intensity is between 30000-50000Lx, and the relative air humidity is between 50%-70%.

[0041] When the plant grows to 6 leaves and 1 heart, remove the terminal bud to promote the growth of lateral buds at the base of the leaves. When the lateral buds grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart, remove the terminal bud.

[0042] After multiple topping and pinching, the number of cuttings from the mother plant becomes relatively stable after 6-8 weeks. After the production capacity of the mother plant reaches 2-3 cuttings / two weeks / plant, the establishment of the mother plant is completed and seedling production officially begins.

[0043] Step 2: Harvesting cuttings: Select healthy side shoots from the established Eustoma mother plant and harvest the cuttings with sterilized scissors.

[0044] Each cutting should retain 2 leaves and 1 heart or 4 leaves and 1 heart.

[0045] After harvesting the cuttings, put them into the cutting harvesting bag in time, spray water to keep them moist, and put them into a 4-6℃ cold storage for standby use. The time should not exceed 24 hours, or they can be planted immediately after harvesting.

[0046] Step 3: Cuttings:

[0047] Preparation of seedling medium: Use 72-mesh plug tray and place the seedling medium blocks in the plug tray.

[0048] The substrate blocks were made of a mixture of peat and perlite in a volume ratio of 5:1.

[0049] Before cutting, the substrate blocks should be fully watered and set aside.

[0050] Cuttings: Dip the base of the cuttings in rooting powder and insert them into the seedling block to the base of the leaves.

[0051] The rooting powder is prepared by uniformly mixing IBA (indolebutyric acid) in talcum powder, and the IBA concentration is 2500ppm.

[0052] Step 4: Management after cutting:

[0053] Full lighting treatment is adopted, and the air humidity in the cutting greenhouse is maintained above 85% through high-pressure mist intermittent spraying. The temperature of the seedling greenhouse is maintained at 24°C throughout the day through the comprehensive regulation of heating pipes, fans, water curtains and other facilities.

[0054] 5-7 days after cuttings, callus tissue begins to appear at the base of the cuttings.

[0055] After 10-14 days, the roots grow rapidly and extend out of the seedling block, and then enter the seedling hardening greenhouse for hardening.

[0056] Step 5: Hardening the seedlings

[0057] During the seedling hardening period, the temperature is controlled between 18-21℃, the humidity is controlled between 70%-85%, and the light is controlled between 20000-25000Lx.

[0058] After 5-7 days of hardening, the seedlings will reach a height of 6-10cm and emerge.

[0059] By comparing the plant height and the number of flowers of the present invention with those of conventional seed seedlings, it is found that the plant height and the number of flowers of the cutting seedlings propagated by the present invention are almost the same as those of the seed seedlings, and the advantages are significant.

[0060] Table 1 Statistics of plant height of cuttings of different varieties of Eustoma grandiflorum

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] Table 2 Statistics of the number of flowers of different varieties of Eustoma grandiflorum cuttings

[0064]

[0065] According to some literature, methods to avoid rosette formation include: 1) treating seeds with low-temperature vernalization when using seeds for seedling cultivation; 2) avoiding extreme high and low temperatures during planting; 3) avoiding using seeds harvested under high temperatures (>28°C).

[0066] After the present invention has been studied, it is found that to avoid the rosette of lisianthus, the relationship between growth, environmental control and nutrients, including temperature, water, light, fertilizer, etc., should be comprehensively balanced in combination with the different growth stages of lisianthus, with the emphasis on temperature. Long-term experiments have shown that after observing the lisianthus planted in the base of the present invention, the technical key points in the steps of this application are maintained: sufficient water supply, appropriate light, etc., and no rosette appears even if the temperature reaches 30°C.

[0067] pass Figures 1 to 6 It can be seen from the comparison that the Eustoma grandiflorum propagated by the method of the present invention has obvious advantages, especially the rosette phenomenon is almost absent. Therefore, the technical method of the present invention is very significant in avoiding rosette.

[0068] The above is only a partial specific embodiment of the present invention (since the formula of the present invention includes a numerical range, the embodiments cannot be exhaustive, and the protection scope recorded in the present invention includes the numerical range of the present invention and other technical key points), and the specific content or common sense known in the scheme is not described too much here. It should be pointed out that the above embodiment does not limit the present invention in any way. For those skilled in the art, all technical solutions obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent conversion fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods in the specification and the like are recorded to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for asexual propagation of Eustoma grandiflorum seedlings, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Planting of the mother plant for collecting buds; the step 1: Planting of the mother plant for collecting buds includes: planting eustoma seedlings with 4 leaves and 1 heart in the planting matrix in the greenhouse of the mother plant for collecting buds; When the plant grows to 6 leaves and 1 heart, remove the terminal bud to promote the lateral buds at the base of the leaves. When the lateral buds grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart, remove the terminal bud. After topping and pinching, 6-8 weeks later, when the mother plant's production capacity reaches 2-3 cuttings / two weeks / plant, the mother plant is established and seedling production is officially started; The temperature of the mother parent cultivation greenhouse is controlled between 13-28℃, the light intensity is between 30000-50000Lx, and the relative humidity is between 50%-70%; Step 2, harvesting cuttings; including: retaining 2 leaves and 1 heart or 4 leaves and 1 heart for each cutting; selecting healthy lateral buds from the established Eustoma grandiflorum mother plant, and harvesting the cuttings with sterilized scissors; putting the cuttings into cutting harvesting bags in time after harvesting, spraying water to keep them moist in time, and putting them into a cold storage at 4-6℃ for standby use, preferably for no more than 24 hours, or immediately after harvesting; Step 3: Cutting; including: Preparation of seedling medium: Use a plug tray and place a seedling medium block in the plug tray; the medium block is made of peat and perlite mixed in a volume ratio of 5:1; before cutting, the medium block is fully watered and set aside; Cuttings: Dip the base of the cuttings in rooting powder and insert them into the seedling block, until the base of the leaves is reached; The rooting powder is prepared by uniformly mixing IBA indolebutyric acid in talcum powder, and the IBA concentration is 2500ppm; Step 4: Management after cutting; including: using full light treatment, keeping the air humidity in the cutting greenhouse above 85% through high-pressure mist intermittent spraying, and keeping the temperature of the seedling greenhouse at 24°C all day; 5-7 days after cutting, callus tissue begins to appear at the base of the cuttings; 10-14 days later, the roots grow rapidly and extend out of the seedling block, and begin to enter the seedling hardening greenhouse for hardening; Step 5: Hardening the seedlings; including: during hardening, the temperature is controlled between 18-21°C, the humidity is controlled between 70%-85%, and the light is controlled between 20000-25000Lx; after 5-7 days of hardening, the seedlings reach a height of 6-10cm and emerge.

2. A method for asexual propagation of Eustoma grandiflorum seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 1 of planting the mother plant for collecting ears includes: the planting medium adopts the light soilless culture medium coconut bran.

Images