A seedling culture medium suitable for tomatoes and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a seedling medium suitable for tomatoes and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials include renewable resources such as tail vegetables, sawdust, tree branches and leaves, cow dung and oyster shells. The steps are as follows: pre-treat some waste raw materials and mix them in a certain number, inoculate a bacterial agent to obtain a fermentation material, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio and pH of the fermentation material to suitable values, and then put it into a temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank for fermentation, add an appropriate amount of oyster shell particles after the fermentation is completed, and finally inoculate Bacillus to obtain a matrix suitable for tomato seedlings. The preparation method is green, environmentally friendly, low-cost, and highly sustainable. The tail vegetables are used as the main source of organic matter in the seedling medium, and the low-cost and easily accessible oyster shell powder is used as a supplementary source of mineral elements. The oyster shell particles replace vermiculite and perlite to achieve the air permeability and water retention of the matrix, thereby improving the physical and chemical properties of the matrix as a whole, optimizing and improving the seedling effect of the matrix and the fruit quality obtained by planting the seedlings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer and cultivation substrate production, and in particular to a seedling cultivation substrate suitable for tomatoes and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The matrix is ​​a mixed lightweight material that can replace soil, provide suitable nutrients and pH for cultivated crops, and has good water retention, fertilizer retention, ventilation and root fixation. The matrix is ​​replacing the use of soil seedling cultivation in cultivation with its stable performance, rich nutrients, green environmental protection, reduced pollution, low carbon safety, and convenient production. However, there are few matrix solutions in the field of tomato seedling cultivation. At the same time, because in the process of tomato seedling cultivation, there is a need to improve the germination rate of seedlings, increase the stress resistance of seedlings and strengthen the root system of seedlings, it is urgent to develop more matrix suitable for tomato seedling cultivation to promote the growth of plants and roots, so as to improve the quality and efficiency of fruits. Common matrix components include peat, vermiculite, perlite, sawdust, crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, bark, fungus residue, etc. Peat is a traditional cultivation matrix with excellent physical and chemical properties and good use effect. However, peat is a non-renewable and limited natural resource. Large-scale mining will damage the ecological environment of swamps, and the cost of mining, transportation and production is high. Vermiculite and perlite are industrial products, inorganic substances, and have high costs. They can only increase the porosity of the matrix, but cannot provide organic nutrients. At the same time, they are also non-renewable resources. However, up to now, the matrix with excellent physical and chemical properties, good cultivation effect, and can be used in large quantities is still the traditional peat, perlite, vermiculite, etc., and the newly developed matrix materials still have various defects and deficiencies. The key to the development of the matrix is ​​how to develop a matrix with a wide source of raw materials, low price, high nutrients, stable physical and chemical properties, no pollution to the environment, and convenient for large-scale commercial production.

[0003] Waste vegetables refer to discarded leaves, roots, stems and fruits generated during the growth, harvesting, processing, logistics and consumption of vegetables, also known as "vegetable waste". With the improvement of my country's vegetable production level, the continuous expansion of vegetable planting area and the continuous concentration of vegetable planting layout, a large amount of waste vegetables are often produced during the harvest and primary processing of vegetables in vegetable producing areas. Due to the lack of scientific, effective and economical waste vegetable treatment and utilization technology, most of the waste vegetables are randomly dumped or simply landfilled as garbage, resulting in a waste of waste vegetable resources and environmental pollution, which has a serious impact on agricultural production in vegetable producing areas, farmers' lives, rural ecology and the healthy and sustainable development of the vegetable industry. The treatment of waste vegetables has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently by governments at all levels and scientific and technological workers.

[0004] The waste in the same situation as the tail dishes is oyster shells. At present, the amount of oyster shells as restaurant kitchen waste is also growing steadily, especially in coastal cities, where the daily output of discarded oyster shells is amazing. At present, except for a small part of oyster shells being reused as materials for fish reefs, most of the oyster shells are disposed of by paid garbage incineration plants or landfills. There is a lack of suitable technology and means to recycle oyster shells at home and abroad. Oyster shells are composed of inorganic and organic matter. The inorganic part is mainly composed of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate, accounting for more than 90% of the mass of oyster shells. It is alkaline, of which calcium accounts for (39.78±0.23)%. In addition, it also contains more than 20 trace elements such as copper, iron, zinc, manganese, strontium, magnesium, etc. The organic component of oyster shells accounts for about 3% to 5% of the mass of oyster shells, and contains 17 amino acids such as glycine, cystine, and methionine. The resource utilization of oyster shells is also a treasure to be developed.

[0005] In summary, how to provide a seedling medium with suitable physical and chemical properties and suitable for tomatoes made from renewable resources is an urgent problem to be solved by people in this technical field. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a seedling cultivation matrix suitable for tomatoes and a preparation method thereof. The method uses celery as a main raw material and oyster shells as an important auxiliary material to prepare a seedling cultivation matrix suitable for tomatoes. The raw materials of the seedling cultivation matrix suitable for tomatoes are all renewable resources, and have the characteristics of wide source, low price, high nutrition, stable physical and chemical properties, green environmental protection, pollution-free and scalable production.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for preparing a seedling culture medium suitable for tomatoes comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1: roughly crushing the tail vegetables, extruding dehydration and removing sand and impurities to prepare pre-treated tail vegetables with a size of 3-5 cm; crushing the branches and leaves and removing sand and impurities to prepare pre-treated branches and leaves with a size of 3-5 cm; spirally extruding the cow dung to obtain dehydrated cow dung; roughly crushing the oyster shells to prepare oyster shell powder with a particle size of less than 0.25 cm and oyster shell particles with a particle size of 1-1.5 cm;

[0010] S2: Preliminarily mix 2-3 parts of pretreated tail vegetables, 2-3 parts of sawdust, 2-3 parts of pretreated tree branches and leaves, 1-2 parts of cow dung and 1-2 parts of oyster shell powder by weight to obtain a mixture, and inoculate a bacterial agent at 0.1%-0.2% by weight of the mixture;

[0011] S3: Laying the mixture obtained in step 2 into strips, and evenly turning the mixture with a turning machine to fully mix the mixture and the bacterial agent to obtain a fermented material, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermented material to 20-30:1 according to the characteristics of the fermented material tail vegetables and cow dung, adjusting the pH of the fermented material to 6.5-7.5 according to the characteristics of oyster shell powder, and controlling the moisture content to 40%-65%;

[0012] S4: placing the fermented material after turning over obtained in step 3 into a temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank for primary fermentation, wherein the primary fermentation enters a high temperature period after 1-2 days, wherein the temperature of the high temperature period is 60-75° C., and the high temperature period is maintained for 5-7 days before the fermentation is completed;

[0013] S5: turning the fermented material that has completed the primary fermentation in step 4 into the temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank to continue secondary fermentation, and the secondary fermentation is completed after maintaining a high temperature period of 5-7 days;

[0014] S6: after the secondary fermentation is completed, the material is discharged and a mature fermentation material is obtained. After the mature fermentation material is passed through a 20 mm sieve, 2% to 10% by mass of the mature fermentation material is added with oyster shell particles and stirred evenly to obtain a semi-finished product matrix;

[0015] S7: inoculating the semi-finished product matrix obtained by stirring evenly with Bacillus species having a live bacteria count of more than 300 million / gram to obtain a matrix suitable for growing tomato seedlings.

[0016] Preferably, in step 2, 3 parts of pretreated tail vegetables, 3 parts of sawdust, 2 parts of pretreated tree branches and leaves, 1 part of cow dung and 1 part of oyster shell powder are mixed evenly by weight, and the bacterial agent includes at least one of EM bacterial agent or VT bacterial agent.

[0017] Preferably, in step 3, the moisture content of the fermented material is 50%-60%, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 30:1, and the pH is 6.6.

[0018] Preferably, in step 4, the temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank adopts airflow membrane composting method for fermentation, the temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank controls the fermentation temperature to 25-75° C., and provides oxygen for the fermented material.

[0019] Preferably, the fermented material forms a pile in the temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank, the cross section of the pile is a quadrilateral or a triangle, the height of the pile is controlled at 1-1.2m, the width is controlled at 3-5m, and the maximum length of the pile is 500m 3 .

[0020] Preferably, in the primary fermentation of step 4 and step 5 and the secondary fermentation of step 5, the temperature during the high temperature period is above 65° C., and the fermentation time during the high temperature period is above 6 days.

[0021] Preferably, during the primary fermentation in step 4 and the secondary fermentation in step 5, the compost is turned every 2-3 days.

[0022] Preferably, in step 7, the Bacillus includes at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinosa, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus laterosporus.

[0023] Preferably, the leachate produced during the composting process of step 4 and step 5 is recycled for secondary use to adjust the moisture content of the fermentation material.

[0024] The present invention also includes a seedling substrate suitable for tomatoes, which is prepared by any of the above-mentioned preparation methods, and has a moisture content of less than 35%, an electrical conductivity of 0.1-0.2 mS / cm, and a bulk density of 0.25-0.35 g / cm 3 , the total porosity is above 60% and the pH is 6.5-7.5.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The raw materials are cheap. The method for preparing a seedling medium suitable for tomatoes provided by the present invention uses tail vegetables as the main raw material, oyster shells as the important auxiliary material, and wood chips, tree branches and leaves, and cow dung are fermented together through a temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank, wherein the raw materials, such as tail vegetables, wood chips, tree branches and leaves, cow dung and oyster shells, are all by-products of agriculture and animal husbandry. The present invention uses these low-priced raw materials, and while ensuring that the prepared seedling medium suitable for tomatoes has suitable physical and chemical properties such as porosity and bulk density, the production cost of the product is greatly reduced.

[0027] 2. Strong sustainability and protection of non-renewable resources. All raw materials used in the present invention are renewable resources. Among them, oyster shells have prismatic layers with natural pores and are rich in inorganic and organic nutrients, so they can effectively retain water and fertilizer and provide nutrients, replacing non-renewable resources such as peat, vermiculite and perlite in traditional matrices, protecting non-renewable resources and reducing consumption. At the same time, since raw materials such as oyster shells are waste from agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, their cost is much lower than traditional non-renewable resources, so that the present invention has the environmental advantage of sustainable development and the economic advantage of low price.

[0028] 3. For the first time, oyster shells were used as raw materials for the matrix, achieving multiple goals at one stroke. Using pretreated oyster shell powder and oyster shell particles as matrix raw materials replaced vermiculite and perlite used in traditional matrices, increased the porosity of the matrix, and solved the problems at the physical property level of the matrix; oyster shells contain a large amount of inorganic nutrients, which provide the required elements for the seedlings, solved the problems at the chemical property level of the matrix, and greatly improved the physical and chemical properties of the matrix. At the same time, it achieved the synergy of low cost, high efficiency, resource utilization, and environmental protection.

[0029] 4. The preparation method is green and environmentally friendly. In the technical solution of the present invention, the leachate generated during the fermentation process is recycled and reused to adjust the moisture content of the fermentation material, which solves the problem of leachate treatment. In addition, due to the use of molecular membrane technology, the problem of odor generation during the fermentation process is also avoided. Therefore, the raw materials and preparation process used in this technical solution realize the recycling of resources, solve the problem of "waste gas, waste liquid, and waste residue", and comprehensively improve the efficiency of resource utilization.

[0030] 5. The matrix environment is optimized. The present invention provides a seedling matrix suitable for tomatoes. The seedling matrix suitable for tomatoes is inoculated with bacteria twice during the preparation process, and the biological, chemical and physical properties of the matrix are improved by using oyster shell powder and oyster shell particles, respectively, so that the matrix environment is optimized, more suitable for the growth of tomato plants, and the growth of tomato seedling plants is promoted, so that the tomato plants can achieve increased production and income, and the quality of tomato fruits is improved.

[0031] 6. Shorten the fermentation time and retain the high nutrients of the matrix. The fermentation process of the present invention is the most advanced temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation process. During the fermentation process, the environment in the fermentation tank can be monitored and regulated in real time, so that the decomposition rate of organic matter in the fermentation material is accelerated and the fermentation material is fully decomposed. The entire fermentation process lasts about 23 days. Compared with the existing technology, it can effectively shorten the fermentation time, increase the output in large-scale production, and achieve the goal of rapid high-temperature aerobic composting.

[0032] In addition, the volatile gases produced by the fermented materials during the composting process will dissolve in the water film in the inner layer of the molecular membrane structure and drip back into the pile. The nutrients lost with the volatile gases return to the pile, making the pile neutral to acidic while retaining as much nutrients as possible. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, but the examples do not limit the present invention in any form. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the art.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A seedling medium suitable for tomatoes, wherein main components of the medium include, by mass fraction, 3 parts of pre-treated tail vegetables, 3 parts of sawdust, 2 parts of pre-treated tree branches and leaves, 1 part of dehydrated cow dung and 1 part of oyster shell powder.

[0036] The preparation method of the seedling substrate suitable for tomatoes in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0037] (1) Recovering waste vegetables from agricultural planting bases, vegetable markets, restaurants and other places, coarsely crushing the recovered waste vegetables into pieces of 3-5 cm in size, and dehydrating the waste vegetables to a moisture content of 40-65% by spiral extrusion, and removing sand and impurities in the waste vegetables to obtain pre-treated waste vegetables; similarly, coarsely crushing the recovered tree branches and leaves into pieces of about 4 cm in size, and removing sand and impurities therein to obtain pre-treated tree branches and leaves; spiral extruding the recovered cow dung to obtain dehydrated cow dung; and coarsely crushing oyster shells to prepare oyster shell powder with particles less than 0.25 cm and oyster shell particles with particles of 1-1.5 cm.

[0038] (2) Pre-treated tail vegetables, sawdust, pre-treated branches and leaves, dehydrated cow dung and oyster shell powder are preliminarily stirred in a mass ratio of 3:3:2:1:1 to obtain a mixture. A mixed bacterial agent is inoculated at 0.2% of the mass of the mixture. The mixed bacterial agent is selected from a composite bacterial agent such as EM bacterial agent or VT bacterial agent used for composting, or a mixed bacterial agent is formed by combining bacteria or fungi by itself. No specific bacterial species are limited here. Among them, EM bacterial agent refers to a microbial agent composed of a variety of microorganisms mainly composed of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes. VT bacterial agent is a composite microbial agent developed by China Agricultural University, mainly including photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and yeast.

[0039] (3) Using a turning machine, the mixture and the bacterial agent are turned evenly to obtain a fully mixed fermentation material, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation material is adjusted to 30:1, the pH value is adjusted to 6.6, and the exudate of the fermentation material is sprayed or collected to obtain a fermentation material with uniform moisture content and a moisture content of 55%.

[0040] (4) The obtained fermented material is placed in a temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank for primary fermentation. After 1-2 days of fermentation, the temperature in the fermentation tank rises significantly. When the temperature reaches 65°C, it enters a high-temperature fermentation period. After 7 days of high-temperature fermentation, the fermented material completes a fermentation.

[0041] (5) The fermented material that has completed the primary fermentation is turned over and moved to another temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank for secondary fermentation. Similarly, the temperature is 65° C. as the high-temperature fermentation period. After the high-temperature fermentation period lasts for 7 days, the fermented material completes the secondary fermentation.

[0042] (6) Second fermentation: The fermented material after the second fermentation is decomposed. During the fermentation process, the pile is turned over every 2-3 days.

[0043] (7) After the decomposed fermented material is passed through a 20 mm sieve, 8% oyster shell particles are added according to the mass fraction and stirred evenly to obtain a semi-finished matrix;

[0044] (8) placing the semi-finished substrate obtained by stirring evenly on a packaging conveyor belt, and inoculating the semi-finished substrate with Bacillus species with a live bacteria count of more than 300 million / gram by spraying during the conveying process, wherein the Bacillus species include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinous, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus laterosporus, and obtaining a seedling substrate suitable for tomatoes after spraying is completed.

[0045] It should be further explained that there are many ways to inoculate the semi-finished substrate with Bacillus species, which can be spraying a mixed bacterial suspension, directly adding the bacterial species and stirring, or other ways to inoculate the substrate with Bacillus species.

[0046] In addition, the temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank used in the composting process is equipped with sensors and intelligent fermentation control cabinets to monitor the fermentation status of the fermentation materials in real time and automatically ventilate the fermentation tank according to the situation, so that the temperature in the temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank is controlled at 25℃-75℃, and the oxygen concentration range is maintained at 15%-20%, so as to meet the environmental requirements for the reproduction and growth of microorganisms in the fermentation materials.

[0047] In addition, molecular membrane is an advanced technology at present. As a composite membrane, molecular membrane covers the pile. The membrane is made of polytetrafluoroethylene and expanded and stretched to form a microporous membrane (e-PTFE membrane). The front and back sides are clamped by polyurethane substrate membranes. It has the ability to withstand the corrosion and wear resistance of composting materials and prolongs the service life. The water vapor of the fermentation pile can be discharged into the atmosphere through the molecular membrane, but rainwater from the outside cannot enter the fermentation pile. At the same time, the three-layer membrane structure can control the heat of the fermentation pile well inside the molecular membrane. The microbial activity of the fermentation material is more active, so the decomposition rate of organic matter in the fermentation material is accelerated and the fermentation material is fully decomposed. The entire fermentation process lasts for 23 days. Compared with the existing technology, it can effectively shorten the fermentation time, increase the output in large-scale production, and achieve the goal of rapid high-temperature aerobic composting.

[0048] It should be noted that during the fermentation process, macromolecular organic matter will undergo biological transformation into organic acids, so the fermentation pile is slightly acidic at the beginning, but as the organic acids volatilize and the organic nitrogen mineralizes into NH4 +After being converted into ammonia (NH3), the pH value of the pile body will be rapidly raised to a weak alkaline level. Therefore, traditional matrix products are generally weakly alkaline and have serious nutrient loss problems. In the present invention, due to the characteristics of the molecular membrane structure, a layer of water film will be formed on the inner layer of the molecular membrane during the fermentation process. Organic acids and ammonia (NH3) will dissolve in this layer of water film when passing through the molecular membrane. Then the water film forms water droplets, which drip back onto the fermentation pile body, thereby reducing the loss of nutrients, greatly increasing the nutrients of the matrix, and making the matrix weakly acidic.

[0049] In addition, as the organic matter decomposes, the fermented material will produce leachate flowing out from the bottom of the compost during the composting process. The leachate is collected and used to adjust the moisture content of the fermented material during the preparation of a seedling medium suitable for tomatoes. Specifically, in this embodiment, the recovered leachate is diluted or directly sprayed back and applied to steps 3 to 5 to adjust the moisture content of the fermented material during the primary fermentation and secondary fermentation processes as required. Since the leachate also includes inorganic salts and organic matter that flow out with the water, the leachate is recovered for regulating the moisture content, which not only realizes the recycling of water resources, but also realizes the recovery of nutrients, further reducing the loss of nutrients.

[0050] In particular, the raw materials of the fermentation material of this embodiment include oyster shell powder. Oyster shells are a common waste of marine aquaculture, and 90% of their mass is inorganic nutrients. Among them, calcium, as the main component of inorganic nutrients, accounts for about 39%, and also includes various trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper, etc. required by plants. In this embodiment, the seedling medium obtained after fermentation in a temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank is neutral and slightly acidic as a whole. Under the condition of neutral to slightly acidic pH, the calcium, iron, and manganese elements provided by oyster shell powder have strong activity and are easily absorbed by the plant body. In the process of seedling cultivation, calcium plays an important role in the development of the root system of the seedling body and the resistance of the seedling body to lodging. For example, if the seedling body lacks calcium during the seedling cultivation process, it will lead to weak and underdeveloped root system, weak seedling body, and inability to absorb sufficient nutrients, which will ultimately affect the quality of the fruit. Therefore, the purpose of adding oyster shell powder in this embodiment is to improve the activity of calcium and trace elements, promote the growth of seedling root system, cultivate high-quality seedlings, and help obtain high-quality fruits after transplanting.

[0051] In addition, because oyster shells have prismatic layers with natural pores and are absorbent, they can replace non-renewable resources such as vermiculite and perlite, and play multiple roles in the medium suitable for tomato seedlings, such as water retention, fertilizer retention, ventilation, and providing mineral elements. At the same time, because the price of oyster shells is much lower than that of vermiculite and perlite, they are also low-cost.

[0052] The physical and chemical properties of the seedling medium suitable for tomatoes obtained in this example were tested, wherein the physical and chemical properties of the seedling medium suitable for tomatoes are shown in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively:

[0053] Table 1 Physical properties of the medium suitable for growing tomatoes

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Table 2 Chemical properties of the substrate suitable for tomato seedlings

[0057] nature index unit pH 6.6 / Conductivity 0.1 mS / cm* Organic matter 55 ％ Hydrolyzable Nitrogen 160 mg / kg Fast-acting phosphorus 50 mg / kg Fast-Acting Potassium 150 mg / kg Nitrate nitrogen / ammonium nitrogen 5:1 / Exchangeable Calcium 165 mg / kg Exchangeable Magnesium 60 mg / kg

[0058] Example 2

[0059] A seedling medium suitable for tomatoes, wherein main components of the medium include, by mass fraction, 2 parts of pre-treated tail vegetables, 2 parts of sawdust, 2 parts of pre-treated tree branches and leaves, 2 parts of dehydrated cow dung and 2 parts of oyster shell powder.

[0060] The preparation method of the seedling substrate suitable for tomatoes in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0061] (1) Recovering waste vegetables from agricultural planting bases, vegetable markets, restaurants and other places, coarsely crushing the recovered waste vegetables into pieces with a particle size of 3-5 cm, and dehydrating the waste vegetables to a moisture content of 40-65% by spiral extrusion, and removing sand and impurities in the waste vegetables to obtain pretreated waste vegetables; similarly, coarsely crushing the recovered tree branches and leaves into pieces with a size of about 4 cm, and removing sand and impurities therein to obtain pretreated tree branches and leaves; spiral extruding the recovered cow dung to obtain cow dung; coarsely crushing oyster shells to produce oyster shell powder with particles less than 0.25 cm and oyster shell particles with particles of 1-1.5 cm, respectively.

[0062] (2) Pre-treated tail vegetables, sawdust, pre-treated tree branches and leaves, dehydrated cow dung and oyster shell powder are preliminarily stirred in a mass ratio of 2:2:2:2:2 to obtain a mixture. A mixed bacterial agent is inoculated at 0.2% of the mass of the mixture. The mixed bacterial agent is selected from a composite bacterial agent such as EM bacterial agent or VT bacterial agent used for composting, or a mixed bacterial agent is formed by combining bacteria or fungi by itself. No specific bacterial species are limited here. Among them, EM bacterial agent refers to a microbial agent composed of a variety of microorganisms mainly composed of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes. VT bacterial agent is a composite microbial agent developed by China Agricultural University, which mainly includes photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and yeast.

[0063] (3) using a composting machine to evenly turn the mixture and the bacterial agent to obtain a fully mixed fermentation material, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation material to about 20:1 and the pH value to about 7.2, and spraying or collecting compost leachate to obtain a fermentation material with uniform moisture content at all locations and a moisture content of 55%;

[0064] (4) The obtained fermented material is placed in a temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank for primary fermentation. After 1-2 days of fermentation, the temperature in the fermentation tank rises significantly. When the temperature reaches 65°C, it enters a high-temperature fermentation period. After 7 days of high-temperature fermentation, the fermented material completes a fermentation.

[0065] (5) The fermented material that has completed the first fermentation is turned over and moved to another temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank for secondary fermentation. Similarly, the temperature is 65°C as the high-temperature fermentation period. After the high-temperature fermentation period lasts for 7 days, the fermented material completes the secondary fermentation. The fermented material that has completed the secondary fermentation is the mature fermented material. During the fermentation process, the pile is turned over every 2-3 days.

[0066] (6) After the decomposed fermented material is passed through a 20 mm sieve, 8% oyster shell particles are added according to the mass fraction and stirred evenly to obtain a semi-finished matrix.

[0067] (7) placing the semi-finished substrate obtained by stirring evenly on a packaging conveyor belt, and inoculating the semi-finished substrate with Bacillus species with a live bacteria count of more than 300 million / gram by spraying during the transportation process, wherein the Bacillus species include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinous, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus laterosporus. After the spraying is completed, a seedling substrate suitable for tomatoes is obtained.

[0068] It should be further explained that the dehydration process of cow dung is not limited to the screw extrusion method.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] A seedling medium suitable for tomatoes, wherein main components of the medium include, by mass fraction, 3 parts of pre-treated tail vegetables, 2 parts of sawdust, 2 parts of pre-treated tree branches and leaves, 2 parts of dehydrated cow dung and 1 part of oyster shell powder.

[0071] The preparation method of the seedling substrate suitable for tomatoes in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0072] (1) Recovering waste vegetables from agricultural planting bases, vegetable markets, restaurants and other places, coarsely crushing the recovered waste vegetables into pieces with a particle size of 3-5 cm, and dehydrating the waste vegetables to a moisture content of 40-65% by spiral extrusion, and removing sand and impurities in the waste vegetables to obtain pretreated waste vegetables; similarly, coarsely crushing the recovered tree branches and leaves into pieces with a size of about 4 cm, and removing sand and impurities therein to obtain pretreated tree branches and leaves; spiral extruding the recovered cow dung to obtain cow dung; coarsely crushing oyster shells to produce oyster shell powder with particles less than 0.25 cm and oyster shell particles with particles of 1-1.5 cm, respectively.

[0073] (2) Pre-treated tail vegetables, sawdust, pre-treated tree branches and leaves, dehydrated cow dung and oyster shell powder are preliminarily stirred in a mass ratio of 3:2:2:2:1 to obtain a mixture. A mixed bacterial agent is inoculated at 0.2% of the mass of the mixture, and the mixed bacterial agent is selected from a composite bacterial agent such as EM bacterial agent or VT bacterial agent for composting, or a mixed bacterial agent is formed by combining bacteria or fungi by itself, and no specific bacterial species are restricted here. Among them, EM bacterial agent refers to a microbial agent composed of a variety of microorganisms mainly composed of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes. VT bacterial agent is a composite microbial agent developed by China Agricultural University, which mainly includes photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and yeast.

[0074] (3) The mixture and the bacterial agent are evenly turned by a compost turning machine to obtain a fully mixed fermentation material, and the fermentation material with uniform moisture and a moisture content of 55% is obtained by spraying or collecting the compost leachate.

[0075] (4) The obtained fermented material is placed in a temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank for primary fermentation. After 1-2 days of fermentation, the temperature in the fermentation tank rises significantly. When the temperature reaches 65°C, it enters a high-temperature fermentation period. After 7 days of high-temperature fermentation, the fermented material completes a fermentation.

[0076] (5) The fermented material that has completed the first fermentation is turned over and moved to another temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank for secondary fermentation. Similarly, the temperature is 65°C as the high-temperature fermentation period. After the high-temperature fermentation period lasts for 7 days, the fermented material completes the secondary fermentation. The fermented material that has completed the secondary fermentation is the mature fermented material. During the fermentation process, the pile is turned over every 2-3 days.

[0077] (6) After the decomposed fermented material is passed through a 20 mm sieve, 8% oyster shell particles are added according to the mass fraction and stirred evenly to obtain a semi-finished matrix. At this time, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the semi-finished matrix of this embodiment is about 25:1, and the pH value is about 6.8.

[0078] (7) placing the semi-finished substrate obtained by stirring evenly on a packaging conveyor belt, and inoculating the semi-finished substrate with Bacillus species with a live bacteria count of more than 300 million / gram by spraying during the transportation process, wherein the Bacillus species include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinous, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus laterosporus. After the spraying is completed, a seedling substrate suitable for tomatoes is obtained.

[0079] Example 4

[0080] A seedling medium suitable for tomatoes, wherein main components of the medium include, by mass fraction, 3 parts of pre-treated tail vegetables, 2 parts of sawdust, 2 parts of pre-treated tree branches and leaves, 1 part of dehydrated cow dung and 2 parts of oyster shell powder.

[0081] The preparation method of the seedling substrate suitable for tomatoes in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0082] (1) Recovering waste vegetables from agricultural planting bases, vegetable markets, restaurants and other places, coarsely crushing the recovered waste vegetables into pieces with a particle size of 3-5 cm, and dehydrating the waste vegetables to a moisture content of 40-65% by spiral extrusion, and removing sand and impurities in the waste vegetables to obtain pretreated waste vegetables; similarly, coarsely crushing the recovered tree branches and leaves into pieces with a size of about 4 cm, and removing sand and impurities therein to obtain pretreated tree branches and leaves; spiral extruding the recovered cow dung to obtain dehydrated cow dung; and coarsely crushing oyster shells to prepare oyster shell powder with particles less than 0.25 cm and oyster shell particles with particles of 1-1.5 cm, respectively.

[0083] (2) Pre-treated tail vegetables, sawdust, pre-treated tree branches and leaves, dehydrated cow dung and oyster shell powder are preliminarily stirred in a mass ratio of 3:2:2:1:2 to obtain a mixture. A mixed bacterial agent is inoculated at 0.2% of the mass of the mixture. The mixed bacterial agent is selected from a composite bacterial agent such as EM bacterial agent or VT bacterial agent for composting, or a mixed bacterial agent is formed by combining bacteria or fungi by itself. No specific bacterial species are limited here. Among them, EM bacterial agent refers to a microbial agent composed of a variety of microorganisms mainly composed of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes. VT bacterial agent is a composite microbial agent developed by China Agricultural University, which mainly includes photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and yeast.

[0084] (3) The mixture and the bacterial agent are evenly turned by a compost turning machine to obtain a fully mixed fermentation material, and the fermentation material with uniform moisture and a moisture content of 55% is obtained by spraying or collecting the compost leachate.

[0085] (4) The obtained fermented material is placed in a temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank for primary fermentation. After 1-2 days of fermentation, the temperature in the fermentation tank rises significantly. When the temperature reaches 65°C, it enters a high-temperature fermentation period. After 7 days of high-temperature fermentation, the fermented material completes a fermentation.

[0086] (5) The fermented material that has completed the first fermentation is turned over and moved to another temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank for secondary fermentation. Similarly, the temperature is 65°C as the high-temperature fermentation period. After the high-temperature fermentation period lasts for 7 days, the fermented material completes the secondary fermentation. The fermented material that has completed the secondary fermentation is the mature fermented material. During the fermentation process, the pile is turned over every 2-3 days.

[0087] (6) After the decomposed fermented material is passed through a 20 mm sieve, 8% oyster shell particles are added according to the mass fraction and stirred evenly to obtain a semi-finished matrix. At this time, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the semi-finished matrix of this embodiment is about 25:1, and the pH is about 7.0.

[0088] (7) placing the semi-finished substrate obtained by stirring evenly on a packaging conveyor belt, and inoculating the semi-finished substrate with Bacillus species with a live bacteria count of more than 300 million / gram by spraying during the transportation process, wherein the Bacillus species include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinous, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus laterosporus. After the spraying is completed, a seedling substrate suitable for tomatoes is obtained.

[0089] Comparative Example 1

[0090] The difference from Example 1 is that in step 2, no oyster shell powder is added as a fermentation material.

[0091] Comparative Example 2

[0092] The difference from Example 1 is that in step 6, 8% by mass of oyster shell particles are not added for uniform mixing.

[0093] Comparative Example 3

[0094] The difference from Example 1 is that in step 2, no oyster shell powder is added as a fermentation material, and in step 6, no 8% by mass oyster shell particles are added for uniform mixing.

[0095] Comparative Example 4

[0096] The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of 8% by mass of oyster shell particles in step 6 is changed to adding 8% of a mixture of vermiculite and perlite.

[0097] Comparative Example 5

[0098] The difference from Example 1 is that in step seven, the semi-finished substrate is not inoculated with 300 million / gram of live bacteria of Bacillus species.

[0099] Comparative Example 6

[0100] The difference from Example 1 is that the leachate is not recycled and sprayed into step three and step four.

[0101] Comparative Example 7

[0102] The difference from Example 1 is that in step 4, no temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank is used for fermentation, and open-air static composting is used.

[0103] Comparative Example 8

[0104] Traditional seedling medium: Add 8% vermiculite and perlite to pure peat in proportion to make a mixture.

[0105] 1. Experimental plan

[0106] The seedling raising substrates suitable for tomatoes prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and the common seedling raising substrates prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were tested according to the above test scheme. The crops used in the test were tomatoes of the Aobao variety:

[0107] 2. Test results

[0108] (1) Product indicators

[0109] Table 3 Product parameters of different seedling substrates

[0110] Treatment Group pH Total porosity Example 1 6.6 80 Example 2 7.2 70 Example 3 6.8 75 Example 4 7.0 70 Comparative Example 1 6.5 75 Comparative Example 2 6.5 68 Comparative Example 3 6.3 65 Comparative Example 4 6.3 78 Comparative Example 5 6.6 78 Comparative Example 6 7.5 75 Comparative Example 7 7.5 72 Comparative Example 8 7.2 78

[0111] (2) Seed germination rate

[0112] Table 4 Seed germination rate and emergence rate

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] (3) Seedling growth

[0116] After the same batch of Aobao tomato seeds were grown in the seedling medium prepared by the above different test schemes for 10 days, the seedlings were tested and the data obtained are as follows:

[0117] Table 5 Seedling growth

[0118] Treatment Group Average fresh weight of seedlings (g) Average dry weight of seedlings (g) Example 1 2.9 0.5 Example 2 2.6 0.4 Example 3 2.7 0.4 Example 4 2.5 0.4 Comparative Example 1 2.5 0.3 Comparative Example 2 2.4 0.2 Comparative Example 3 2.3 0.2 Comparative Example 4 2.8 0.4 Comparative Example 5 2.5 0.3 Comparative Example 6 2.3 0.2 Comparative Example 7 2.3 0.2 Comparative Example 8 2.8 0.4

[0119] (4) Output comparison

[0120] After 50 days of seedling raising of Aobao tomatoes in the above different experimental schemes, they were uniformly transplanted to Datian Town, Dongfang City, Hainan Province for planting, with a planting density of 2,500 plants per mu. The yield data obtained after uniform harvest are as follows:

[0121] Table 6 Plant yield and fruit quality indicators

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] Table 3 is a comparison of the product indicators pH value and total porosity obtained in different embodiments and comparative examples, Table 4 gives the seed germination rate and seedling emergence rate obtained by planting in seedling substrates of different experimental schemes, Table 5 gives the average fresh weight values ​​of seedlings and the average dry weight values ​​of seedlings obtained by seedling substrates of different experimental schemes, and Table 6 gives the fruit yield and quality analysis obtained after planting seedlings cultivated in different experimental schemes.

[0125] It can be seen from Table 3 that the total porosity of the seedling medium after adding oyster shell powder and oyster shell particles in Examples 1-4 is improved, which is equivalent to or even better than the traditional seedling medium in Comparative Example 8. For example, in Example 1, the pH value is 7.2 and the total porosity is 80, and its total porosity is better than the traditional seedling medium formed by adding vermiculite and perlite in Comparative Example 8. Therefore, oyster shell powder and oyster particles with lower cost and easier material acquisition can replace perlite and vermiculite with higher cost, achieve the effect of air permeability and water retention, and thus benefit the growth of the seedling root system.

[0126] As shown in Tables 4 and 5, the seedling cultivation substrate suitable for tomatoes obtained by the preparation methods provided in Examples 1-4 can achieve similar or even better results than the traditional seedling cultivation substrate. The germination rate of seeds cultivated in Example 1 reached 98%, the emergence rate was 96%, the average fresh weight of the seedlings was 2.9 g, and the average dry weight of the seedlings was 0.5 g, which was significantly better than the traditional seedling cultivation substrate.

[0127] Table 6 shows the yield data and fruit quality indicators of seedlings cultivated in seedling substrates of different test schemes after transplanting and planting. It can be seen from Table 6 that the overall average number of fruits, average single fruit weight and average yield per mu of Examples 1-4 are better than the results of Comparative Examples 1 to 7, and are equivalent to or even partially better than Comparative Example 8. For example, Example 1 significantly increased the average number of fruits per plant (12), average single fruit weight (0.19kg), average yield per mu (5700kg), vitamin C (0.2016mg / g) and other indicators of the target crop, significantly increasing production by 15% compared to the traditional substrate in Comparative Example 8. It can be seen that the seedlings cultivated using the seedling substrate suitable for tomatoes prepared in Examples 1 to 4 have a more obvious effect of increasing production and income after transplanting and planting.

[0128] In addition, from the comparison of the above experimental data, it can be seen that the vitamin C content of the fruits obtained by treatment groups 1 to 4 is better than that of comparative examples 1-8. It can be seen that the vitamin C content of tomato fruits obtained by cultivating the tomato seedlings prepared by the seedling culture medium suitable for tomatoes in Examples 1 to 4 is significantly improved after planting.

[0129] It should also be noted that the raw materials of the seedling substrate suitable for tomatoes used in Examples 1 to 4 are tail vegetables, cow dung, broken branches and leaves, wood chips and oyster shells, which are waste materials generated in agricultural and animal husbandry production, and their cost is extremely low. Therefore, it can be considered that the economic benefits of the seedling substrate suitable for tomatoes provided by Examples 1-4 are better than those of traditional seedling substrates, and the cost is even lower. In addition, due to the long process of peat formation, it is a limited resource, vermiculite and perlite are industrial products with high costs and are non-renewable resources. In contrast, all raw materials of the seedling substrate preparation method suitable for tomatoes provided by Examples 1-4 are waste and renewable resources, with the characteristics of sustainability; in the actual agricultural production process, significant economic benefits can be generated.

[0130] In summary, the seedling matrix suitable for tomatoes provided in Examples 1-4 can achieve the same planting effect as the traditional seedling matrix, or even better than the traditional seedling matrix. Among them, the tail vegetable is used as the main source of organic matter in the seedling matrix, the low-cost and easily accessible oyster shell powder is used as a supplementary source of mineral elements, and the oyster shell particles replace vermiculite and perlite to ensure the total porosity of the seedling matrix, and realize the role of air permeability and bonded premium, thereby improving the physicochemical properties of the matrix as a whole, optimizing and improving the seedling effect of the matrix and the fruit quality obtained by the seedling body. At the same time, the preparation method of the seedling matrix suitable for tomatoes and the obtained seedling matrix suitable for tomatoes have the characteristics of low price, short production time, high nutrients and suitable pH, and while promoting the increase in production and income of tomato plants, the quality of the fruit is also improved.

[0131] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a seedling medium suitable for tomatoes, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: roughly crushing the tail vegetables, extruding dehydration and removing sand and impurities to prepare pre-treated tail vegetables with a particle size of 3-5 cm; crushing the branches and leaves and removing sand and impurities to prepare pre-treated branches and leaves with a particle size of 3-5 cm; spirally extruding the cow dung to obtain dehydrated cow dung; roughly crushing the oyster shells to prepare oyster shell powder with a particle size of less than 0.25 cm and oyster shell particles with a particle size of 1-1.5 cm; S2: Preliminarily mix 2-3 parts of pretreated tail vegetables, 2-3 parts of sawdust, 2-3 parts of pretreated tree branches and leaves, 1-2 parts of dehydrated cow dung and 1-2 parts of oyster shell powder by weight to obtain a mixture, and inoculate a bacterial agent at 0.1%-0.2% by weight of the mixture; S3: Lay the mixture obtained in step 2 in strips, and evenly turn the mixture with a turning machine to fully mix the mixture and the bacterial agent to obtain a fermented material, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermented material to 20-30:1, adjust the pH to 6.5-7.5, and control the moisture content to 40%-65%; S4: placing the fermented material after turning over obtained in step 3 into a temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank for primary fermentation, wherein the primary fermentation enters a high temperature period after 1-2 days, wherein the temperature of the high temperature period is 60-75° C., and the high temperature period is maintained for 5-7 days before the fermentation is completed; S5: turning the fermented material that has completed the primary fermentation in step 4 into the temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank to continue secondary fermentation, and the secondary fermentation is completed after maintaining a high temperature period of 5-7 days; S6: after the secondary fermentation is completed, the material is discharged and a mature fermentation material is obtained. After the mature fermentation material is sieved through a 20 mm sieve, oyster shell particles are added according to a mass fraction of 2% to 10% of the mature fermentation material and stirred evenly to obtain a semi-finished product matrix; S7: inoculating the semi-finished product matrix obtained by stirring evenly with Bacillus species having a live bacteria count of more than 300 million / gram to obtain a matrix suitable for growing tomato seedlings.

2. The method for preparing a seedling culture medium suitable for tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, 3 parts of pretreated tail vegetables, 3 parts of sawdust, 2 parts of pretreated tree branches and leaves, 1 part of dehydrated cow dung and 1 part of oyster shell powder are mixed evenly by weight, and the bacterial agent includes at least one of EM bacterial agent or VT bacterial agent.

3. The method for preparing a seedling medium suitable for tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the moisture content of the fermented material is 50%-60%, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 30:1, and the pH is 6.

6.

4. The method for preparing a seedling medium suitable for tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4 and step 5, the primary fermentation and the secondary fermentation are fermented by airflow membrane composting, the temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank controls the fermentation temperature to 25-75° C., and provides oxygen for the fermented material.

5. The method for preparing a seedling medium suitable for tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermented material forms a pile in the temperature-controlled molecular membrane aerobic fermentation tank. The cross section of the pile is a quadrilateral or a triangle. The height of the pile is controlled at 1-1.2m, the width is controlled at 3-5m, and the maximum length of the pile is 500m. 3 .

6. The method for preparing a seedling culture medium suitable for tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the primary fermentation of step 4 and the secondary fermentation of step 5, the temperature in the high temperature period is above 65° C., and the fermentation time in the high temperature period is above 6 days.

7. The method for preparing a seedling medium suitable for tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the primary fermentation in step 4 and the secondary fermentation in step 5, the compost is turned every 2-3 days.

8. The method for preparing a seedling medium suitable for tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 7, the Bacillus species includes at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinosa, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus laterosporus.

9. The method for preparing a seedling culture medium suitable for tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leachate produced during the composting process of step 4 and step 5 is recycled for adjusting the moisture content of the fermentation material.

10. A seedling medium suitable for tomatoes, characterized in that: The seedling medium suitable for tomatoes is prepared by the preparation method of the seedling medium suitable for tomatoes according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the seedling medium suitable for tomatoes has a moisture content of less than 35%, an electrical conductivity of 0.1-0.2 mS / cm, and a bulk density of 0.25-0.35 g / cm 3 , the total porosity is above 60% and the pH is 6.5-7.5.

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