A floating photovoltaic power generation device, a reservoir and a method of using the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and specifically to a floating photovoltaic power generation device, a reservoir, and a method of using the same. A floating photovoltaic power generation device comprises: a supporting platform, the supporting platform being suitable for floating on the surface of a reservoir; a solar panel structure, disposed on the supporting platform, the solar panel structure comprising: at least two solar panel layers that can be driven to unfold relative to each other; a control structure, comprising a controller, the controller being communicatively connected to the solar panel structure. The present invention solves the problem that the photovoltaic power generation device cannot change with the change in surface area caused by the change in the depth of water in the upper reservoir and the lower reservoir, resulting in a low utilization rate of the water surface, thereby providing a floating photovoltaic power generation device, a reservoir, and a method of using the same.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a floating photovoltaic power generation device, a reservoir and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of social economy, the scale of my country's power grid has been expanding. Due to the limitation of regional hydropower resources, there is little hydropower available for development in power grids such as Guangdong, North China and East China. The power grid lacks economic peak-shaving means, and the contradiction of power grid peak-shaving is becoming increasingly prominent. The power shortage situation has changed from lack of electricity to lack of peak-shaving capacity. There is a consensus on building pumped-storage power stations to solve the peak-shaving problem of power grids dominated by thermal power. With the requirements of economic operation of power grids and adjustment of power supply structure, some power grids dominated by hydropower have also begun to study the construction of pumped-storage power stations of a certain scale.

[0003] Pumped storage power stations are also called storage hydropower stations. The principle is to use the electricity during the low load period to pump water to the upper reservoir, and then release water to the lower reservoir to generate electricity during the peak load period, thereby realizing functions such as energy storage and peak load regulation. At present, the total construction scale of pumped storage power stations in my country ranks first in the world. Therefore, the secondary development and utilization of pumped storage power stations has broad prospects.

[0004] According to the working principle of pumped storage power stations, they perform pumping or releasing functions as the power load peaks and valleys change, so pumped storage reservoirs have the characteristic of frequent water level fluctuations. Since reservoirs are usually wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, their surface water area will also change as the reservoir water level fluctuates, that is, the surface water area of ​​the reservoir is large when the water level is high, and small when the water level is low.

[0005] For example, the patents with publication numbers CN204810220U and CN217294859U respectively disclose a water-based photovoltaic module connection device in the form of fish-photovoltaic complementarity and a slide-type floating photovoltaic mooring structure suitable for pumped-storage power station reservoirs; the invention patents with publication numbers CN108750014A and CN109150069A respectively disclose a support anchoring structure and construction method suitable for a water-based floating photovoltaic power station with large water level fluctuations and a mesh-supported floating photovoltaic power station. This type of invention achieves support, stability and floating with water level for water-based photovoltaic modules through devices such as tension spring buoys and slider struts arranged on the shore, and anchoring structures or cables based on pile foundations, so as to adapt to the rapid changes in reservoir water levels and keep the device stable. However, such inventions only solve the stability problem of floating photovoltaic modules under changes in reservoir water levels, and have not yet adapted to the rapid changes in the surface water area of ​​the reservoir caused by the frequent rise and fall of the water level of the pumped storage reservoir, and have not been able to make good use of the layout space during high water levels. At the same time, such devices are usually complex in structure, and the construction layout and manufacturing and maintenance costs are high.

[0006] The invention patents with publication numbers CN105141233A and CN106155108A respectively disclose a large platform floating photovoltaic power generation system, and a water solar power generation system and method; the invention patents with authorization numbers CN105099342B and CN105109631B respectively disclose an offshore floating photovoltaic power station integrated double-hull floating platform device, and a variable-angle full-water surface photovoltaic power station modular split double-hull floating device. This type of invention mainly involves some floating photovoltaic platforms or hull photovoltaic devices, but this type of invention cannot solve the problem of photovoltaic layout space waste caused by the rapid change of the surface water area of ​​the pumped storage reservoir with the water level. At the same time, this type of device is usually complex in structure, with high construction layout and manufacturing and maintenance costs, and does not explain how to transmit, store and utilize photovoltaic power.

[0007] The invention patent with publication number CN114275112A discloses a structure for arranging a water surface photovoltaic array in a reservoir with a large water level fluctuation. The invention mainly achieves the largest range of photovoltaic laying while reducing the impact of water level changes by installing photovoltaic panels with fixed pile foundations exceeding the highest water level of the reservoir in the water area where the water level fluctuation zone of the pumped storage reservoir is located, but the invention requires the deployment of a large number of pile foundations, the engineering workload is large and the layout is relatively complex, and it may occupy reservoir space and affect the operation of the pumped storage reservoir.

[0008] Invention patents with publication numbers CN115296600A and CN114094923A respectively disclose an automatically foldable integrated photovoltaic power generation and wave breaking device under extreme sea conditions and a sliding foldable photovoltaic power generation bracket and system. These inventions are all configured with automatically foldable photovoltaic panels to adapt to strong wind environments and reduce the damage rate of photovoltaic panels under extreme weather conditions. However, these patents have not yet utilized foldable or retractable photovoltaic panels to adapt to the working environment of pumped reservoirs.

[0009] In existing pumped-storage power stations, during periods of low electricity consumption, excess electricity is used to pump water from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir. During this period, the electrical energy of the pump is converted into mechanical energy and then into water potential energy. The upper reservoir changes from a dead water state to a flood state, and the lower reservoir changes from a flood state to a dead water state. During periods of peak electricity consumption, water is released from the upper reservoir to the lower reservoir, and electricity is generated through the turbine generator. The potential energy of the water is converted into kinetic energy that drives the turbine generator to rotate and is converted into electrical energy. The upper reservoir changes from a flood state to a dead water state, and the lower reservoir changes from a dead water state to a flood state.

[0010] In order to further develop the potential of pumped-storage power stations, engineers often lay photovoltaic power generation devices consisting of solar panels on the water surface of the upper and lower reservoirs. However, the existing floating photovoltaic power generation devices and technologies cannot automatically adapt to the changes in the reservoir surface area caused by the frequent drawdown of water in the pumped-storage reservoir, resulting in low utilization of the water surface. Summary of the invention

[0011] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect that the floating photovoltaic power generation device in the prior art cannot automatically adapt to the changes in the reservoir water surface area caused by the frequent drawdown of the water level in the pumped storage reservoir, resulting in low utilization rate of the water surface, thereby providing a floating photovoltaic power generation device, a reservoir and a method of use.

[0012] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a floating photovoltaic power generation device, comprising:

[0013] A supporting platform, wherein the supporting platform is adapted to float on the surface of the reservoir;

[0014] A solar panel structure is disposed on a supporting platform, wherein the solar panel structure comprises: at least two solar panel layers that are driven to be relatively unfolded;

[0015] The control structure includes a controller, wherein the controller is communicatively connected with the solar panel structure.

[0016] Optionally, an angle sensor is further included, and the angle sensor is communicatively connected to the controller.

[0017] Optionally, a rotating ball and an electronic compass are provided on the supporting platform, the solar panel structure is provided on the rotating ball, the electronic compass and the rotating ball are respectively connected to the controller for communication, the controller controls the rotating ball to rotate to adjust the orientation of the solar panel structure according to the reading of the electronic compass, the rotating ball rotates to adjust the inclination angle of the solar panel structure, and the control method is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] Where: δ is the solar declination of the target date; n is the day of the year corresponding to the target date (the first day of the year is counted as 1, and 1 is added every day thereafter until 365); ψ is the geographical latitude of the location of the pumped storage reservoir (7); is the solar altitude angle at noon; θ is the optimal inclination angle of the solar panel structure on that day;

[0020]

[0021] Where: σ is the optimal orientation of the solar panel structure on the day; S is the south direction; N is the north direction; ψ is the geographical latitude of the location of the pumped storage reservoir (7); δ is the solar declination on the target date (this formula uniformly uses north latitude as a positive number and south latitude as a negative number).

[0022] Optionally, the solar panel structure includes a connecting frame arranged on a supporting platform, and a first solar panel layer, a second solar panel layer and a third solar panel layer arranged at intervals on the connecting frame, and the second solar panel layer and the third solar panel layer are respectively unfolded or retracted relative to the first solar panel layer.

[0023] Optionally, the connecting frame is provided with a pair of first sliding rails and a pair of second sliding rails along the unfolding direction, the first sliding rails are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting frame, and the second sliding rails are symmetrically arranged on the other two sides of the connecting frame, the second solar panel layer is provided with a first slider adapted to the first sliding rail, and a first power member for driving the first slider to slide, and the third solar panel layer is provided with a second slider adapted to the second sliding rail, and a second power member for driving the second slider to slide.

[0024] Optionally, the second solar panel layer includes a first solar panel and a second solar panel that are centrally symmetrically arranged, the third solar panel layer includes a third solar panel and a fourth solar panel that are centrally symmetrically arranged, the first solar panel, the second solar panel, the third solar panel, and the fourth solar panel respectively include a fixed plate and a rotating plate, the fixed plate is slidably connected to the corresponding slide rail via a slider, the fixed plate and the rotating plate are rotatably connected, a right-angle rotating structure is provided on the surface of the fixed plate facing the water surface, and the right-angle rotating structure drives the rotating plate to rotate around the fixed plate.

[0025] Optionally, a cable is fixedly provided on the side wall of the reservoir, and a restraining buckle is provided on the outer periphery of the cable to slide along the length direction of the cable, and the restraining buckle is connected to a supporting platform arranged at the edge of the reservoir.

[0026] Optionally, adjacent supporting platforms are connected by elastic anchor cables, and the length of the elastic anchor cables between any two adjacent supporting platforms is adjusted according to the actual distance between the adjacent supporting platforms. The adjustment rules of the elastic anchor cables are as follows:

[0027]

[0028] Where: D is the degree of expansion of the solar panel structure, D = 0 is the folded state, D = 100% is the fully expanded state, l t is the working length of the elastic anchor cable at that time, l max is the maximum working length of the elastic anchor cable, l min It is the shortest working length of elastic anchor cable.

[0029] A reservoir comprises the above-mentioned floating photovoltaic power generation device.

[0030] A method for using a floating photovoltaic power generation device comprises the following steps:

[0031] In the flood state, the controller controls the first solar panel layer to be unfolded relative to the second solar panel layer, or the second solar panel layer to be unfolded relative to the first solar panel layer. When the solar panel layer is fully unfolded, the unfolded area is the sum of the area of ​​the first solar panel layer and the area of ​​the second solar panel layer.

[0032] In the dead water state, the controller controls the first solar panel layer to retract relative to the second solar panel layer, or the second solar panel layer to retract relative to the first solar panel layer.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0034] 1. The floating photovoltaic power generation device provided by the present invention comprises: a supporting platform floating on the surface of a reservoir; a solar panel structure arranged on the supporting platform, the solar panel structure comprising at least two solar panel layers that can be driven to unfold relative to each other; and a control structure comprising a controller, the controller being communicatively connected with the solar panel structure. In a flood state, the controller controls the first solar panel layer to unfold relative to the second solar panel layer, or the second solar panel layer to unfold relative to the first solar panel layer, so that the unfolded area is the sum of the area of ​​the first solar panel layer and the area of ​​the second solar panel layer; in a dead water state, the controller controls the first solar panel layer to retract relative to the second solar panel layer, or the second solar panel layer to retract relative to the first solar panel layer. Through the control of the controller, the solar panel structure is driven to unfold in a flood state and to retract in a dead water state, so that the area of ​​the solar panel structure changes with the depth of the water, thereby improving the utilization rate of the solar panel structure.

[0035] 2. The floating photovoltaic power generation device provided by the present invention further includes an angle sensor, which is communicatively connected to the controller and senses the rotation of the solar panel structure.

[0036] 3. The floating photovoltaic power generation device provided by the present invention has a rotating ball and an electronic compass on the supporting platform, and the solar panel structure is arranged on the rotating ball. The electronic compass and the rotating ball are respectively connected to the controller for communication. The controller controls the rotating ball to rotate, and the rotating ball rotates to drive the solar panel structure to always face the direction of sunlight and be at the best angle. Specifically, the solar declination of the day is calculated based on the date of the day, and the best orientation of the solar panel structure of the day is analyzed according to the geographical latitude of the pumped-storage reservoir and the solar declination of the day. At the same time, the electronic compass determines the current orientation of the solar panel, and then the solar panel structure is adjusted to the best orientation by rotating the rotating ball. Thereafter, the solar altitude angle is calculated by combining the solar declination with the geographical latitude. The controller automatically analyzes the solar altitude angle of the day according to the calculation formula to obtain the best inclination angle of the solar panel structure of the day, and finally the rotating ball rotates to make the solar panel reach the best inclination angle of the day, that is, the adjustment of the solar panel to the best light-facing position is completed.

[0037] 4. The floating photovoltaic power generation device provided by the present invention, the solar panel structure includes a connecting frame arranged on a supporting platform, and a first solar panel layer, a second solar panel layer and a third solar panel layer arranged at intervals on the connecting frame, and the second solar panel layer and the third solar panel layer are respectively unfolded or retracted relative to the first solar panel layer.

[0038] 5. The floating photovoltaic power generation device provided by the present invention has a pair of first slide rails and a pair of second slide rails on the connecting frame along the deployment direction. The first slide rails are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting frame, and the second guide rails are symmetrically arranged on the other two sides of the connecting frame. The first slide rails and the second guide rails are surrounded by the connecting frame. The second solar panel layer is provided with a first slider adapted to the first slide rail and a first power member driving the first slider to slide. The third solar panel layer is provided with a second slider adapted to the second slide rail and a second power member driving the second slider to slide. The slider is driven to move on the slide rail by the power member to realize the deployment or retraction of the corresponding solar panel layer.

[0039] 6. The floating photovoltaic power generation device provided by the present invention, the second solar panel layer includes a first solar panel and a second solar panel arranged symmetrically at the center, the third solar panel layer includes a third solar panel and a fourth solar panel arranged symmetrically at the center, the first solar panel, the second solar panel, the third solar panel, and the fourth solar panel respectively include a fixed plate and a rotating plate, the fixed plate is slidably connected to the corresponding slide rail through a slider, the fixed plate and the rotating plate are rotatably connected, a right-angle rotating structure is provided on the surface of the fixed plate facing the water surface, the right-angle rotating structure drives the rotating plate to rotate around the fixed plate, so as to realize the transformation between the "L" shape and the straight shape of the solar panel.

[0040] 7. The floating photovoltaic power generation device provided by the present invention has a cable fixed on the side wall of the reservoir, and a constraint lock is provided on the outer periphery of the cable to slide along the length direction of the cable. The constraint lock is connected to the supporting platform at the edge of the reservoir so that the distance between the supporting platform at the edge of the reservoir and the reservoir remains unchanged. The adjacent supporting platforms are connected by elastic anchor cables, and the length of the elastic anchor cable between any two adjacent supporting platforms is adjusted according to the actual distance between the adjacent supporting platforms, that is, when in a dead water state, the elastic anchor cable is in a non-stretched state. As the amount of water in the reservoir increases, the water surface area will increase. Since the distance between the supporting platform at the edge of the reservoir and the reservoir remains unchanged, the distance between adjacent supporting platforms increases, causing the elastic anchor cable to be in a stretched state.

[0041] 8. The reservoir provided by the present invention has the advantages described in any one of the above items because it adopts the floating photovoltaic power generation device described in any one of the above items. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0043] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a floating photovoltaic power generation device in a reservoir provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection between a cable and an elastic anchor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 An exploded structural diagram of a floating photovoltaic power generation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the unfolding of the first solar panel layer and the second solar panel layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 A side view of a supporting platform provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the second solar panel layer and the third solar panel layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention being unfolded relative to the first solar panel layer;

[0049] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the second solar panel layer and the third solar panel layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention being fully unfolded relative to the first solar panel layer.

[0050] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. supporting platform; 101. receiving hole; 2. rotating ball; 201. connecting frame; 202. controller; 3. first solar panel layer; 4. second solar panel layer; 401. rotating panel; 402. fixed panel; 5. third solar panel layer; 6. first slide rail; 7. reservoir; 701. dead water state; 702. flood state; 8. elastic anchor cable; 9. restraining lock; 10. cable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] like Figure 1-Figure 7A specific implementation of the floating photovoltaic power generation device shown includes: a supporting platform 1, and a solar panel structure arranged above the supporting platform 1. Specifically, the supporting platform 1 is a ship hull.

[0055] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 As shown, the supporting platform 1 is arranged in the receiving hole 101, and an exposed rotating ball 2 is arranged in the receiving hole 101, that is, half of the volume of the rotating ball 2 is exposed, wherein a rotating power part for driving the rotating ball 2 to rotate is also arranged in the supporting platform 1.

[0056] The solar panel structure includes a connecting frame 201 disposed on a supporting platform 1, and a first solar panel layer 3, a second solar panel layer 4 and a third solar panel layer 5 disposed on the connecting frame 201 at intervals, and the connecting frame 201 is fixedly disposed above the rotating ball 2, such as Figure 5 As shown, the third solar panel layer 5, the first solar panel layer 3 and the second solar panel layer 4 are sequentially arranged on the connecting frame 201 from top to bottom, wherein the first solar panel layer 3 is fixed on the connecting frame 201, and the second solar panel layer 4 and the third solar panel layer 5 can be extended or retracted relative to the first solar panel layer 3. In order to drive the connecting frame 201 to rotate relative to the rotating ball 2, a rotating power member driving the connecting frame 201 to rotate is also included, and the rotating power member drives the connecting frame 201 to move up and down relative to the rotating ball 2 during the rotation.

[0057] like Figure 6 As shown, the second solar panel layer 4 includes a first solar panel and a second solar panel that are centrally symmetrically arranged, and the third solar panel layer 5 includes a third solar panel and a fourth solar panel that are centrally symmetrically arranged. The first solar panel, the second solar panel, the third solar panel, and the fourth solar panel respectively include a fixed panel 402 and a rotating panel 401. The fixed panel 402 and the rotating panel 401 are rotatably connected. A right-angle rotating structure is provided on the surface of the fixed panel 402 facing the water surface, and the right-angle rotating structure drives the rotating panel 401 to rotate around the fixed panel 402. It should be noted that the first solar panel and the second solar panel are arranged opposite to each other, and the third solar panel and the fourth solar panel are arranged opposite to each other. The first solar panel, the second solar panel, the third solar panel, and the fourth solar panel are respectively arranged on one side of the first solar panel layer 3 to enclose the first solar panel layer 3 in the middle.

[0058] like Figure 4 , Figure 6 As shown, a rotating sleeve is provided on one corner of the fixed plate 402, a rotating rod is fixedly provided on the rotating plate 401, the rotating rod is provided in the rotating sleeve, a passive gear is provided below the rotating rod, a driving gear and a driving member for driving the driving gear to rotate are provided below the fixed plate 402. Specifically, the driving member is a servo motor.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown, the connecting frame 201 is provided with a pair of first slide rails 6 and a pair of second slide rails along the unfolding direction, wherein the first slide rails 6 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting frame 201, and the second slide rails are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting frame 201, that is, a pair of first slide rails 6 and a pair of second slide rails are arranged around the connecting frame, and the height of the second slide rails is higher than the first slide rails 6. The second solar panel layer 4 is provided with a first slider adapted to the first slide rail 6 and a first power member driving the first slider to slide, and the third solar panel layer 5 is provided with a second slider adapted to the second slide rail and a second power member driving the second slider to slide, that is, each slide rail corresponds to a slider and a power member. Specifically, the power member is a servo motor.

[0060] The control structure includes a controller 202, an angle sensor and an electronic compass, wherein the controller 202 is respectively connected to the first power member, the second power member, the rotating power member, the rotating power member, the driving member, the angle sensor, the rotating ball 2, and the electronic compass for communication.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] A reservoir 7, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it includes: nine groups of floating photovoltaic power generation devices arranged at equal intervals floating on the water surface, three cables 10 are fixed on the four inclined side walls around the reservoir 7, and an energy storage device is arranged on the shore of the reservoir 7, wherein the nine groups of floating photovoltaic power generation devices are arranged in three columns and three rows, two elastic anchor cables 8 are connected between adjacent floating photovoltaic power generation devices, that is, adjacent supporting platforms 1 are connected by two elastic anchor cables 8, and three floating photovoltaic power generation devices close to the side wall of the reservoir 7 are respectively connected to the cable 10 by a constraint lock 9, that is, the outer periphery of the cable 10 is provided with a constraint lock 9, and the distance between the supporting platform 1 and the side wall of the reservoir remains unchanged. The energy storage device is connected to the solar panel structure, the supporting platform 1, and the controller 202 through cables. It should be noted that the length of the elastic anchor cable 8 in the dead water state is the length in the non-stretched state. As the water level in the reservoir rises, the length of the elastic anchor cable 8 will be stretched and lengthened as the distance between the supporting platforms 1 increases.

[0063] As an alternative implementation, the number of floating photovoltaic power generation devices may also be 1 group, 2 groups, 3 groups, 4 groups or other groups.

[0064] A method for using a floating photovoltaic power generation device comprises the following steps:

[0065] 1) When the support floats in the reservoir 7, the controller 202 analyzes the optimal orientation of the solar panel structure as due south based on the geographical latitude of the pumped reservoir and the solar declination of the day. Then, the electronic compass is used to determine the offset angle of the front orientation of the solar panel layer from the reference orientation (due south) and transmit the information to the controller 202. Then, the controller 202 controls the steering ball 2 to rotate horizontally back to the normal position, so that the front orientation of the solar panel layer returns to the reference orientation, that is, the orientation of the solar panel structure is due south (with the area north of the Tropic of Cancer as a reference);

[0066] The solar altitude angle is calculated according to the geographical latitude of the location of the pumped storage reservoir 7 combined with the date and time, and the controller 202 calculates the optimal inclination angle of the solar panel layer according to the solar altitude angle, and then controls the connection frame 201 to rotate through the controller 202 to move up and down relative to the rotating ball 2, thereby adjusting the solar panel structure to the optimal inclination angle. The specific control rules are shown in the following formula:

[0067]

[0068] Where: δ is the solar declination of the target date; n is the day of the year corresponding to the target date (the first day of the year is counted as 1, and 1 is added every day thereafter until 365); ψ is the geographical latitude of the location of the pumped storage reservoir (7); is the solar altitude angle at noon; θ is the optimal inclination angle of the solar panel structure on that day.

[0069]

[0070] Wherein: σ is the optimal orientation of the solar panel structure on the day; S is the south direction; N is the north direction; ψ is the geographical latitude of the location of the pumped storage reservoir 7; δ is the solar declination on the target date (this formula uniformly expresses the north latitude as a positive number and the south latitude as a negative number);

[0071] 2) When in dead water state 701, the controller 202 controls the second solar panel layer 4 and the third solar panel layer 5 to retract relative to the first solar panel layer 3, and the supporting platforms 1 are arranged closely adjacent to each other, so as to achieve close laying of floating photovoltaic power generation devices on the surface of the reservoir 7. At this time, the length of the elastic anchor cable 8 connecting the two platforms is the shortest;

[0072] 3) When in the flood state 702, the water level rises and the solar panel structure is fully unfolded under the control of the controller 202, that is, the first power member drives the second solar panel layer 4 to unfold along the first slide rail 6, and the second power member drives the third solar panel layer 5 to unfold along the second slide rail. After the solar panel layer is unfolded, the controller 202 issues a command to drive the driving part to rotate, the passive gear rotates and then drives the rotating rod, and the rotating rod drives the rotating plate 401 to rotate, so that the "L" setting between the rotating plate 401 and the fixed plate 402 is changed from a straight line setting; at the same time, when the water level rises, the constraint lock 9 rises along the cable 10 to keep the distance between the supporting platform 1 and the side wall of the reservoir unchanged. At this time, the distance between adjacent supporting platforms 1 will become larger, that is, the spacing between adjacent supporting platforms 1 reaches the maximum, and the length of the elastic anchor cable 8 connecting the two platforms is the longest; it should be noted that in order for the elastic anchor cable 8 to effectively realize the function of controlling the equipment floating photovoltaic power generation device to adaptively unfold with the water level, it should be used in conjunction with the shore-based cable 10, that is, the constraint lock buckle 9 slides along the length direction of the cable 10 as the water level changes.

[0073] Among them, the rules for adjusting the solar panel structure are as follows:

[0074]

[0075] Where: D is the degree of expansion of the floating photovoltaic panel, D = 0 is the stowed state, D = 100% is the fully expanded state, l t is the working length of the elastic anchor cable 8 at that time, l max is the maximum working length of the elastic anchor cable 8, l min It is the shortest working length of the elastic anchor cable 8.

[0076] by Figure 6 Taking the square photovoltaic panel design in the example, the ratio of the working area of ​​the solar panel structure of the floating photovoltaic power generation device in the fully folded state and the fully unfolded state is 25:9, that is, the working area of ​​the solar panel structure after unfolding is about 2.77 times the working area of ​​the initial state.

[0077] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived from them are still within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A floating photovoltaic power generation device, characterized in that: include: A supporting platform (1), wherein the supporting platform (1) is suitable for floating on the surface of a reservoir (7); A solar panel structure is arranged on a supporting platform (1), the solar panel structure comprising: at least two solar panel layers that can be driven to unfold relative to each other; A control structure, comprising a controller (202), wherein the controller (202) is communicatively connected to the solar panel structure; Adjacent supporting platforms are connected by elastic anchor cables (8). The length of the elastic anchor cables (8) between any two adjacent supporting platforms (1) is adjusted according to the actual distance between the adjacent supporting platforms (1). The adjustment rules of the elastic anchor cables (8) are as follows: Where: D is the extent of the solar panel structure expansion, D =0 is the folded state, D =100% is fully expanded. l t is the working length of the elastic anchor cable (8) at that time, l max is the maximum working length of the elastic anchor cable (8), l min is the shortest working length of the elastic anchor cable (8); Also included is an angle sensor, the angle sensor being communicatively connected to the controller (202); The supporting platform (1) is provided with a rotating ball (2) and an electronic compass, the solar panel structure is arranged on the rotating ball (2), the electronic compass and the rotating ball (2) are respectively connected to the controller (202) for communication, the controller (202) controls the rotating ball (2) to rotate and adjust the orientation of the solar panel structure according to the reading of the electronic compass, and the rotating ball (2) rotates to adjust the inclination angle of the solar panel structure, and the control method is as follows: Where: is the solar declination of the target date; n is the number of days in the year corresponding to the target date, with the first day of the year being 1, and 1 is added every day thereafter until 365; is the geographical latitude of the location of the pumped storage reservoir (7); is the solar altitude angle at noon; θ is the optimal inclination angle of the solar panel structure on that day; Where: The optimal orientation of the solar panel structure on that day; S is due south; N is due north; is the geographical latitude of the location of the pumped storage reservoir (7); is the solar declination on the target date, expressed as positive numbers for north latitude and negative numbers for south latitude; The solar panel structure comprises a connecting frame (201) arranged on a supporting platform (1), and a first solar panel layer (3), a second solar panel layer (4) and a third solar panel layer (5) arranged at intervals on the connecting frame (201), wherein the second solar panel layer (4) and the third solar panel layer (5) are respectively unfolded or retracted relative to the first solar panel layer (3); The connecting frame (201) is provided with a pair of first slide rails (6) and a pair of second slide rails along the unfolding direction, the first slide rails (6) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the connecting frame (201), and the second slide rails are symmetrically arranged on the other two sides of the connecting frame (201), the second solar panel layer (4) is provided with a first slider adapted to the first slide rail (6), and a first power member for driving the first slider to slide, and the third solar panel layer (5) is provided with a second slider adapted to the second slide rail, and a second power member for driving the second slider to slide; The second solar panel layer (4) comprises a first solar panel and a second solar panel which are centrally symmetrically arranged, the third solar panel layer (5) comprises a third solar panel and a fourth solar panel which are centrally symmetrically arranged, the first solar panel, the second solar panel, the third solar panel and the fourth solar panel respectively comprise a fixed panel (402) and a rotating panel (401), the fixed panel (402) is slidably connected to a corresponding slide rail via a slider, the fixed panel (402) and the rotating panel (401) are rotatably connected, a right-angle rotating structure is provided on a surface of the fixed panel (402) facing the water surface, and the right-angle rotating structure drives the rotating panel (401) to rotate around the fixed panel (402); A cable (10) is fixedly provided on the side wall of the reservoir (7), and a restraining lock buckle (9) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the cable (10) so as to slide along the length direction of the cable (10), and the restraining lock buckle (9) is connected to a supporting platform (1) arranged at the edge of the reservoir.

2. A reservoir, characterized in that: It comprises the floating photovoltaic power generation device as claimed in claim 1.

3. A method for using a floating photovoltaic power generation device, for using the floating photovoltaic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: In the flood state (702), the controller (202) controls the first solar panel layer (3) to be unfolded relative to the second solar panel layer (4), or the second solar panel layer (4) to be unfolded relative to the first solar panel layer (3). When the solar panel layers are fully unfolded, the unfolded area is the sum of the area of ​​the first solar panel layer and the area of ​​the second solar panel layer (4); In the dead water state (701), the controller (202) controls the first solar panel layer (3) to retract relative to the second solar panel layer (4), or the second solar panel layer (4) to retract relative to the first solar panel layer (3).

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