Active load-reducing high-fill culvert and construction method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of road engineering, and relates to an active load-reducing high-fill culvert and a construction method. The active load-reducing high-fill culvert comprises a rectangular culvert body, a curved mild steel arch plate, and an arch plate deformation unloading device; the curved mild steel arch plate is placed on the top of the rectangular culvert body; the arch plate deformation unloading device is arranged on the curved mild steel arch plate. The present invention provides an active load-reducing high-fill culvert and a construction method that can increase the strength of the culvert itself, reduce stress concentration, and have excellent load-reducing effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of road engineering, and relates to a high fill culvert, and in particular to an active load-reducing high fill culvert and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] Due to the high height of the backfill soil on the top of the high-fill culvert and the large rigidity of the culvert, there is a settlement difference between the inner and outer soil columns, which makes the soil settlement uneven, resulting in a large soil pressure on the culvert below, and stress concentration problems are prone to occur at the top of the culvert, causing the culvert itself to suffer from different degrees of damage. These diseases can cause minor uneven settlement of the culvert body and cracks in the culvert body, or even damage and collapse of the culvert body structure, causing damage to personnel and property. In order to reduce the occurrence of diseases, load reduction and reinforcement measures for culverts are particularly important.

[0003] Grouting reinforcement engineering is a common reinforcement measure in construction. It can not only improve the bearing capacity of buildings, but also enhance their durability and waterproof properties. At present, biological grouting is mainly used in the fields of anti-seismic liquefaction of sand and soil, slope reinforcement, wind and sand fixation, and anti-seepage. It is less used for the reinforcement of the periphery of culverts, but its effect is excellent. The reinforcement methods currently used are mostly to reinforce the strata by deep hole grouting using cement, lime and other materials. Such methods are not only easy to cause soil and groundwater pollution, but also easy to cause harm to construction workers. The soil is solidified by microbial induced calcium carbonate deposition technology, that is, the process of using urease produced by the metabolism of some naturally existing bacteria to combine the carbonate ions produced after the decomposition of urea with free metal cations in nature to form gelled crystals. This technology not only has low production energy consumption but also has excellent effects in strengthening the soil. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides an active load-reducing high-fill culvert and a construction method which can increase the strength of the culvert itself, reduce stress concentration and have excellent load-reducing effect.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An active load-reducing high-fill culvert is characterized in that: the active load-reducing high-fill culvert comprises a rectangular culvert body, a curved mild steel arch plate and an arch plate deformation unloading device; the curved mild steel arch plate is placed on the top of the rectangular culvert body; the arch plate deformation unloading device is arranged on the curved mild steel arch plate.

[0007] Preferably, the arch plate deformation unloading device adopted in the present invention includes a lateral unloading device, and the lateral unloading device includes a slide rail groove; the slide rail groove is placed on the top of the rectangular culvert body and extends outward from the arch foot of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate along the radial direction of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate; the arch foot of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate is placed in the slide rail groove and moves along the axial direction of the slide rail groove.

[0008] Preferably, the slide rail groove adopted in the present invention includes a slide rail, an anti-collision block and a sliding block; the slide rail is placed on the top of the rectangular culvert body and extends outward from the arch foot of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate along the radial direction of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate; the anti-collision block is arranged at the end of the slide rail; the arch foot of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate is connected to the sliding block; the sliding block is placed in the slide rail and moves along the axial direction of the slide rail.

[0009] Preferably, the lateral unloading device adopted in the present invention also includes a concrete component arranged on the side of the curved mild steel arch plate; a horizontal reserved groove is arranged on the concrete component; a jacking device is arranged in the reserved groove; the head end of the jacking device is placed on the movement track of the slider.

[0010] Preferably, the lateral unloading device adopted in the present invention is a single-sided structure or a double-sided structure; when the lateral unloading device is a single-sided structure, the lateral unloading device is arranged at the arch foot on either side of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate; when the lateral unloading device is a double-sided structure, the lateral unloading device is arranged at the measuring arch foot of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate.

[0011] Preferably, the arch plate deformation unloading device adopted in the present invention includes a radial unloading device arranged inside the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate; the radial unloading device includes a retractable hydraulic support rod radially arranged along the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate; the retractable hydraulic support rod is one or more; a trapezoidal support base is arranged on the rectangular culvert body; a triangular support base is arranged on the inner surface of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate; one end of the retractable hydraulic support rod is hinged to the triangular support base, and the other end is hinged to the trapezoidal support base.

[0012] Preferably, the radial unloading device used in the present invention further comprises a high-strength spring; the high-strength spring extends from one side arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate to the other side arch foot.

[0013] Preferably, the active load-reducing high-fill culvert adopted in the present invention also includes a first biological grouting area and a second biological grouting area arranged in sequence from bottom to top; the second biological grouting area is divided into two groups, and the two groups of second biological grouting areas are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the curved mild steel arch plate; the first biological grouting area is divided into two groups, and the two groups of first biological grouting areas are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rectangular culvert body; the top width of the second biological grouting area is 0.5-1 times the diameter of the curved mild steel arch plate; the width of the first biological grouting area is the same as the width of the second biological grouting area.

[0014] Preferably, the rectangular culvert body adopted in the present invention includes a concrete foundation, supporting walls, prestressed concrete components and a steel plate base; the supporting walls are two groups, and the two groups of supporting walls are symmetrical and vertically arranged on the concrete foundation; the prestressed concrete components are laid flat on the top of the supporting walls; the concrete foundation, supporting walls and prestressed concrete components together form a culvert with a rectangular cross-section; the steel plate base is laid flat on the prestressed concrete components; two groups of first bio-grouting areas are symmetrically arranged outside the supporting walls; and a curved soft steel arch plate is erected on the steel plate base.

[0015] A construction method for the active load-reducing high-fill culvert as described above, characterized in that the construction method comprises the following steps:

[0016] 1) Construction of rectangular culvert body;

[0017] 2) Create the first bio-grouting area outside the rectangular culvert body;

[0018] 3) Construction of curved mild steel arch plates;

[0019] 4) Construction of arch plate deformation unloading device;

[0020] 5) Construction of the second bio-grouting area;

[0021] 6) Backfill the soil to form a high-fill culvert with active load reduction;

[0022] Preferably, the specific implementation method of step 1) is: the concrete foundation and the supporting wall are assembled by modularization, and protruding steel bars for connecting with the supporting wall are left on both sides of the upper part of the concrete foundation. After the supporting wall is vertically arranged on the concrete foundation, grouting is performed between the concrete foundation and the supporting wall through the grouting sleeve on the supporting wall. After the grouting solidifies, a prestressed concrete component is laid on the top of the supporting wall, a steel plate base is laid on the top of the prestressed concrete component, and the soil outside the supporting wall is filled up to the same level as the lower surface of the prestressed concrete component and compacted to form a rectangular culvert body; wherein the soil outside the supporting wall is replaced with a mixed sand formed by PEN fibers and standard graded sand; the PEN fibers account for 0.3% of the volume of the standard graded sand; and the fiber length is 8-12 cm;

[0023] Preferably, the specific implementation of step 2) is:

[0024] 2.1) Prepare biological grouting fluid based on microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation;

[0025] 2.2) injecting the biological grouting liquid prepared in step 2.1) into the mixed sand outside the supporting wall to form a first biological grouting area, and stopping the grouting after the first biological grouting area reaches a corresponding solidification effect; the width of the first biological grouting area is 0.5-1 times the diameter of the curved mild steel arch plate;

[0026] Preferably, the specific implementation of step 3) is:

[0027] The bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate is arranged on the rectangular culvert body, concrete components are arranged on both sides of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate, and the concrete components are bonded to the supporting wall by a special concrete adhesive;

[0028] Preferably, the specific implementation of step 4) is:

[0029] A radial unloading device is arranged inside the curved mild steel arch plate, and a transverse unloading device is arranged at the arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate;

[0030] The lateral unloading device is arranged in the following manner: a slide rail is arranged on a rectangular culvert body, anti-collision blocks are arranged at both ends of the slide rail, the arch foot of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate is connected to the slider, and the slider is placed on the slide rail so that the slider moves along the axial direction of the slide rail; a reserved groove is opened in the concrete component, a pad is embedded in the reserved groove, a jacking device is arranged in the reserved groove, the tail end of the jacking device is against the pad, and the head end of the jacking device is placed on the movement track of the slider;

[0031] The radial unloading device is arranged in the following manner: a trapezoidal support base is arranged in the middle part above the steel plate base, a triangular support base is arranged on the inner wall of the curved mild steel arch plate, and a retractable hydraulic support rod is hinged to the triangular support base and the trapezoidal support base respectively; a high-strength spring is arranged from one side of the arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate to the other side of the arch foot;

[0032] Preferably, the specific implementation of step 5) is:

[0033] 5.1) preparing a biological grouting liquid, wherein the composition and preparation method of the biological grouting liquid are completely the same as those of the biological grouting liquid in step 2.1);

[0034] 5.2) injecting the bio-grouting liquid prepared in step 5.1) into the mixed sand outside the concrete component to form a second bio-grouting zone; the top height of the second bio-grouting zone is 10 to 50 cm higher than the top of the concrete component; wherein the backfill outside the concrete component is replaced with a mixed sand formed by PEN fibers and standard graded sand; the PEN fibers account for 0.3% of the volume of the standard graded sand; and the fiber length is 8 to 12 cm;

[0035] Preferably, the specific implementation of step 6) is:

[0036] After the second biological grouting area reaches the corresponding solidification effect, the grouting is stopped, and the backfill soil is filled to the designed elevation; the upper width of the second biological grouting area is 0.5-1 times the diameter of the curved mild steel arch plate; the top width of the second biological grouting area is the same as the width of the first biological grouting area;

[0037] Preferably, the construction method also includes the step of deploying a monitoring device; the monitoring device includes a pressure sensor and a control box; the pressure sensor is deployed between the prestressed concrete member and the supporting wall and between the trapezoidal supporting base and the steel plate base; the pressure sensor, the retractable hydraulic support rod and the jacking device are respectively connected to the control box.

[0038] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0039] The present invention provides an active load-reducing high-fill culvert, comprising a rectangular culvert body, a curved mild steel arch plate, and an arch plate deformation unloading device; the curved mild steel arch plate is placed on the top of the rectangular culvert body; the arch plate deformation unloading device is arranged on the curved mild steel arch plate. The present invention uses a curved mild steel arch plate, a slide rail, a high-strength spring, a telescopic hydraulic support rod, and a jacking device to form an arch plate deformation unloading device. After the curved mild steel arch plate is deformed by force, the force is transmitted to the high-strength spring, the telescopic hydraulic support rod, and the jacking device so that each component is stressed together. When unloading, the telescopic hydraulic support rod and the jacking device jointly realize load unloading. The components cooperate with each other, and the load unloading effect is excellent. At the same time, the radial arrangement of the retractable hydraulic support rods adopted in the present invention can better resist the damage to the structure caused by eccentric force; the arch plate deformation unloading device is retractable and active, which can better utilize the inherent properties of the component material, maximize the utilization rate, and reduce the damage to the component caused by vibration load; biological grouting of the surrounding area not only reinforces the culvert itself, but is also more environmentally friendly than cement grouting; biological slurry has stronger fluidity than cement slurry, is less dependent on mechanical equipment, and the stiffness of the solidification zone can be adjusted by increasing the number of grouting times; increasing the stiffness of the areas on both sides of the culvert through biological grouting not only reduces the harm to the environment caused by traditional methods, but also reduces the settlement of the outer soil columns of the culvert, and combined with the load-reducing structure in the middle, reduces the settlement difference between the inner and outer soil columns. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the active load-reducing high-fill culvert provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram at A in the middle;

[0042] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle;

[0043] Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the arrangement of the jacking device adopted in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the arrangement of the telescopic hydraulic support rods adopted in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the top structure of the active load-reducing high-fill culvert provided by the present invention;

[0046] The following are the descriptions of the reference numerals:

[0047] 1-concrete foundation; 101-rebar; 2-support wall; 201-grouting sleeve; 202-grouting pipe; 203-drainage pipe; 204-waterproof strip; 31-first biological grouting area; 32-second biological grouting area; 4-prestressed concrete member; 5-steel plate base; 501-trapezoidal support base; 6-slide rail groove; 601-slide rail; 602-anti-collision block; 603-slider; 7-concrete member; 8-reserved groove; 801-pad; 9-lifting device; 10-mild steel arch plate with bent arc; 1001-triangular support base; 1002-bolt hole; 1003-high-strength bolt; 1004-anti-collision pad; 11-retractable hydraulic support rod; 12-high-strength spring; 13-soil retaining and waterproofing member; 14-pressure sensor; 15-control box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0049] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides an active load-reducing high-fill culvert, comprising a rectangular culvert body, a curved mild steel arch plate 10 and an arch plate deformation unloading device; the curved mild steel arch plate 10 is placed on the top of the rectangular culvert body; the arch plate deformation unloading device is arranged on the curved mild steel arch plate 10.

[0050] The arch plate deformation unloading device includes a lateral unloading device, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 6 The lateral unloading device includes a slide rail groove 6; the slide rail groove 6 is placed on the top of the rectangular culvert body and extends outward from the arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate 10 along the radial direction of the curved mild steel arch plate 10; the arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate 10 is placed in the slide rail groove 6 and moves along the axial direction of the slide rail groove 6. The slide rail groove 6 includes a slide rail 601, a bumper block 602 and a slider 603; the slide rail 601 is placed on the top of the rectangular culvert body and extends outward from the arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate 10 along the radial direction of the curved mild steel arch plate 10; the bumper block 602 is arranged at the end of the slide rail 601; the arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate 10 is connected to the slider 603; the slider 603 is placed in the slide rail 601 and moves along the axial direction of the slide rail 601. Exemplarily, the length of the slide rail groove 6 is 20 to 60 cm, preferably 40 cm.

[0051] In addition, the lateral unloading device also includes a concrete component 7 arranged on the side of the curved mild steel arch plate 10; a horizontal reserved groove 8 is arranged on the concrete component 7; a jacking device 9 is arranged in the reserved groove 8; the head end of the jacking device 9 is placed on the movement trajectory of the slider 603. When the slider 603 moves in the slide rail 601, especially after touching the jacking device 9, the jacking device 9 prevents the slider 603 from continuing to move axially along the slide rail 601, thereby avoiding excessive deformation of the curved mild steel arch plate 10 in the horizontal direction.

[0052] The lateral unloading device is a single-sided structure or a double-sided structure; when the lateral unloading device is a single-sided structure, the lateral unloading device is arranged at the arch foot on either side of the curved arc-shaped mild steel arch plate 10; when the lateral unloading device is a double-sided structure, the lateral unloading device is arranged at the measuring arch foot of the curved arc-shaped mild steel arch plate 10. For example, Figure 1 as well as Figure 6 As shown, the lateral unloading device adopted in the present invention adopts a double-sided structure.

[0053] See also Figure 1 , Figure 5 as well as Figure 6 The arch plate deformation unloading device adopted in the present invention includes a radial unloading device arranged inside the curved mild steel arch plate 10; the radial unloading device includes a retractable hydraulic support rod 11 radially arranged along the curved mild steel arch plate 10; the retractable hydraulic support rod 11 is one or more; a trapezoidal support base 501 is arranged on the rectangular culvert body; a triangular support base 1001 is arranged on the inner surface of the curved mild steel arch plate 10; one end of the retractable hydraulic support rod 11 is hinged to the triangular support base 1001, and the other end is hinged to the trapezoidal support base 501.

[0054] In addition, the radial unloading device further comprises a high-strength spring 12; the high-strength spring 12 extends from one side arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate 10 to the other side arch foot.

[0055] See also Figure 1 as well as Figure 4 The active load-reducing high-fill culvert adopted in the present invention also includes a first biological grouting area 31 and a second biological grouting area 32 arranged in sequence from bottom to top; the second biological grouting area 32 is divided into two groups, and the two groups of second biological grouting areas 32 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the curved mild steel arch plate 10; the first biological grouting area 31 is divided into two groups, and the two groups of first biological grouting areas 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rectangular culvert body; the top width of the second biological grouting area 32 is 0.5-1 times the diameter of the curved mild steel arch plate 10, and the width of the first biological grouting area 31 is the same as the width of the second biological grouting area 32.

[0056] See also Figure 1 as well as Figure 3 The rectangular culvert body includes a concrete foundation 1, a supporting wall 2, a prestressed concrete member 4 and a steel plate base 5; the supporting wall 2 is two groups, and the two groups of supporting walls 2 are symmetrically and vertically arranged on the concrete foundation 1; the prestressed concrete member 4 is laid flat on the top of the supporting wall 2; the concrete foundation 1, the supporting wall 2 and the prestressed concrete member 4 together form a culvert with a rectangular cross-section; the steel plate base 5 is laid flat on the prestressed concrete member 4; two groups of first biological grouting areas 31 are symmetrically arranged outside the supporting wall 2; and a curved mild steel arch plate 10 is erected on the steel plate base 5.

[0057] The present invention provides the active load-reducing high-fill culvert as described above, and also provides a construction method based on the active load-reducing high-fill culvert, comprising the following steps:

[0058] 1) Construction of the rectangular culvert body, specifically:

[0059] like Figure 1 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the concrete foundation 1 and the supporting wall 2 are assembled modularly, and protruding steel bars 101 for connecting with the supporting wall 2 are left on both sides of the upper part of the concrete foundation 1. After the supporting wall 2 is vertically arranged on the concrete foundation 1, grouting is performed between the concrete foundation 1 and the supporting wall 2 through the grouting sleeve 201 on the supporting wall 2. After the grouting solidifies, a prestressed concrete component 4 is laid on the top of the supporting wall 2, and a steel plate base 5 is laid on the top of the prestressed concrete component 4. The outer side of the supporting wall 2 is filled with soil until it is level with the lower surface of the prestressed concrete component 4 and compacted to form a rectangular culvert body; the grouting sleeve 201 includes a grouting pipe 202 and a grouting pipe 203. After the concrete foundation 1 and the supporting wall 2 are tightly connected, a waterproof strip 204 is set on the inner side of the junction of the concrete foundation 1 and the supporting wall 2. The backfill outside the supporting wall 2 is a mixed sand formed by PEN fiber and standard graded sand (China ISO standard sand); the PEN fiber accounts for 0.3% of the volume of the standard graded sand; the fiber length is 8-12cm;

[0060] 2) A first bio-grouting area 31 is constructed outside the rectangular culvert body, specifically:

[0061] 2.1) Prepare biological grouting liquid based on microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation, wherein microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is essentially a process of using a certain type of bacteria in nature, whose metabolism can produce urease that decomposes urea, and the carbonate ions produced after urea decomposition combine with free metal cations in nature to form gelled crystals. The application of MICP has low requirements for production energy consumption and production costs, and can also reduce greenhouse gas emissions. MICP can improve the geological properties of soil, so MICP can be used as an alternative geological reinforcement technology. Generally speaking, the main components of the grouting liquid prepared according to MICP are: pasteurian spore Sarcina slurry as a urease strain metabolism to produce urease, CaCl2 0.5mol / L, urea 0.5mol / L, skim milk powder 2g / L, and then use 2mol / L NaOH solution to adjust the pH value to 8.5, and after disinfection and cooling, partially activate the strain for inoculation to obtain the required grouting liquid.

[0062] 2.2) injecting the biological grouting liquid prepared in step 2.1) into the mixed sand outside the supporting wall 2 to form a first biological grouting area 31, and stopping the grouting after the first biological grouting area 31 reaches a corresponding solidification effect; the width of the first biological grouting area 31 is 0.5-1 times the diameter of the curved mild steel arch plate 10;

[0063] 3) The construction of the curved mild steel arch plate 10 is as follows:

[0064] The curved mild steel arch plate 10 is arranged on the rectangular culvert body, the concrete components 7 are arranged on both sides of the curved mild steel arch plate 10, and the concrete components 7 are bonded to the supporting wall 2 by a special concrete adhesive;

[0065] 4) Construction of the arch plate deformation unloading device, specifically:

[0066] A radial unloading device is arranged inside the curved mild steel arch plate 10, and a transverse unloading device is arranged at the arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate 10;

[0067] Among them, the setting method of the horizontal unloading device is: see Figure 1 as well as Figure 2, a slide rail 601 is set on the rectangular culvert body, anti-collision blocks 602 are set at both ends of the slide rail 601, the arch foot of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate 10 is connected to the slider 603 and the slider 603 is placed on the slide rail 601 so that the slider 603 moves along the axial direction of the slide rail 601; a reserved groove 8 is opened in the concrete component 7, a pad 801 is embedded in the reserved groove 8, and a jacking device 9 is set in the reserved groove 8, the tail end of the jacking device 9 is against the pad 801, and the head end of the jacking device 9 is placed on the movement track of the slider 603; a bolt hole 1002 is provided on the slider 603, and the arch foot of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate 10 is connected to the bolt hole 1002 on the slider 603 through a high-strength bolt 1003, and at the same time, an anti-collision pad 1004 is provided at the end of the arch foot of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate 10.

[0068] The radial unloading device is arranged in the following manner: a trapezoidal support base 501 is arranged in the middle part above the steel plate base 5, a triangular support base 1001 is arranged on the inner wall of the curved mild steel arch plate 10, and a retractable hydraulic support rod 11 is respectively hinged to the triangular support base 1001 and the trapezoidal support base 501 and can rotate; a high-strength spring 12 is arranged from one side of the arch foot to the other side of the arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate 10;

[0069] 5) Construction of the second bio-grouting area 32, specifically:

[0070] 5.1) preparing a biological grouting liquid, wherein the composition and preparation method of the biological grouting liquid are exactly the same as those of the biological grouting liquid in step 2.1;

[0071] 5.2) injecting the bio-grouting liquid prepared in step 5.1) into the mixed sand outside the concrete component 7 to form a second bio-grouting area 32; the top height of the second bio-grouting area 32 is 10 to 50 cm higher than the top of the concrete component 7, preferably 25 cm; the backfill outside the concrete component 7 is replaced with a mixed sand formed by PEN fibers and standard graded sand; the PEN fibers account for 0.3% of the volume of the standard graded sand; the fiber length is 8 to 12 cm;

[0072] 6) Backfill the soil to form an active load-reducing high-fill culvert, specifically:

[0073] After the second biological grouting area 32 reaches the corresponding solidification effect, the grouting is stopped, and the backfill soil is filled to the designed elevation; the upper width of the second biological grouting area 32 is 0.5-1 times the diameter of the curved mild steel arch plate 10; the top width of the second biological grouting area 32 is the same as the width of the first biological grouting area 31;

[0074] In addition, the construction method provided by the present invention also includes the step of arranging a monitoring device; the monitoring device includes a pressure sensor 14 and a control box 15; the pressure sensor 14 is arranged between the prestressed concrete member 4 and the supporting wall 2 and between the trapezoidal supporting base 501 and the steel plate base 5; the pressure sensor 14, the retractable hydraulic support rod 11 and the jacking device 9 are respectively connected to the control box 15. Exemplarily, the jacking device can be a hydraulic jack. The pressure sensor 14 transmits the measured value to the control box 15. When it exceeds the limited value, the control box 15 sends a command to the jacking device 9 and the retractable hydraulic support rod 11 to control their unloading.

Claims

1. An active load-reducing high-fill culvert, characterized in that: The active load-reducing high-fill culvert comprises a rectangular culvert body, a curved mild steel arch plate (10) and an arch plate deformation unloading device; the curved mild steel arch plate (10) is placed on the top of the rectangular culvert body; the arch plate deformation unloading device is arranged on the curved mild steel arch plate (10); The arch plate deformation unloading device comprises a transverse unloading device, and the transverse unloading device comprises a slide rail groove (6); the slide rail groove (6) is placed on the top of the rectangular culvert body and extends outward from the arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate (10) along the radial direction of the curved mild steel arch plate (10); the arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate (10) is placed in the slide rail groove (6) and moves along the axial direction of the slide rail groove (6); The slide rail groove (6) comprises a slide rail (601), an anti-collision block (602) and a sliding block (603); the slide rail (601) is placed on the top of the rectangular culvert body and extends outward from the arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate (10) along the radial direction of the curved mild steel arch plate (10); the anti-collision block (602) is arranged at the end of the slide rail (601); the arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate (10) is connected to the sliding block (603); the sliding block (603) is placed in the slide rail (601) and moves along the axial direction of the slide rail (601); The lateral unloading device also includes a concrete component (7) arranged on the side of the curved mild steel arch plate (10); a horizontal reserved groove (8) is arranged on the concrete component (7); a jacking device (9) is arranged in the reserved groove (8); the head end of the jacking device (9) is placed on the movement track of the slider (603).

2. The active load-reducing high-fill culvert according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lateral unloading device is a single-sided structure or a double-sided structure; when the lateral unloading device is a single-sided structure, the lateral unloading device is arranged at the arch foot on either side of the curved mild steel arch plate (10); when the lateral unloading device is a double-sided structure, the lateral unloading device is arranged at the measuring arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate (10).

3. The active load-reducing high-fill culvert according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The arch plate deformation unloading device comprises a radial unloading device arranged inside the curved mild steel arch plate (10); the radial unloading device comprises a retractable hydraulic support rod (11) arranged radially along the curved mild steel arch plate (10); the retractable hydraulic support rod (11) is one or more; a trapezoidal support base (501) is arranged on the rectangular culvert body; a triangular support base (1001) is arranged on the inner surface of the curved mild steel arch plate (10); one end of the retractable hydraulic support rod (11) is hinged to the triangular support base (1001), and the other end is hinged to the trapezoidal support base (501).

4. The active load-reducing high-fill culvert according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The radial unloading device also includes a high-strength spring (12); the high-strength spring (12) extends from one side arch foot of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate (10) to the other side arch foot.

5. The active load-reducing high-fill culvert according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The active load-reducing high-fill culvert further comprises a first biological grouting area (31) and a second biological grouting area (32) which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top; the second biological grouting area (32) is divided into two groups, and the two groups of second biological grouting areas (32) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the curved arc-shaped mild steel arch plate (10); the first biological grouting area (31) is divided into two groups, and the two groups of first biological grouting areas (31) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rectangular culvert body; the top width of the second biological grouting area (32) is 0.5-1 times the diameter of the curved arc-shaped mild steel arch plate (10); the width of the first biological grouting area (31) is the same as the width of the second biological grouting area (32).

6. The active load-reducing high-fill culvert according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The rectangular culvert body comprises a concrete foundation (1), a supporting wall (2), a prestressed concrete component (4) and a steel plate base (5); the supporting wall (2) is divided into two groups, and the two groups of supporting walls (2) are symmetrically and vertically arranged on the concrete foundation (1); the prestressed concrete component (4) is laid flat on the top of the supporting wall (2); the concrete foundation (1), the supporting wall (2) and the prestressed concrete component (4) together form a culvert with a rectangular cross-section; the steel plate base (5) is laid flat on the prestressed concrete component (4); two groups of first biological grouting areas (31) are symmetrically arranged outside the supporting wall (2); and a curved soft steel arch plate (10) is erected on the steel plate base (5).

7. A construction method for an active load-reducing high-fill culvert according to claim 6, characterized in that: The construction method comprises the following steps: 1) Construction of rectangular culvert body; 2) constructing a first bio-grouting area (31) outside the rectangular culvert body; 3) Construction of curved mild steel arch plate (10); 4) Construction of arch plate deformation unloading device; 5) Construction of the second bio-grouting area (32); 6) Backfill the soil to form a high-fill culvert with active load reduction.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific implementation method of step 1) is as follows: the concrete foundation (1) and the supporting wall (2) are assembled in a modular manner, and protruding steel bars (101) for connecting with the supporting wall (2) are left on both sides of the upper part of the concrete foundation (1); after the supporting wall (2) is vertically arranged on the concrete foundation (1), grouting is performed between the concrete foundation (1) and the supporting wall (2) through a grouting sleeve (201) on the supporting wall (2); after the grouting solidifies, a prestressed concrete component (4) is laid on the top of the supporting wall (2); a steel plate base (5) is laid on the top of the prestressed concrete component (4); and soil is filled outside the supporting wall (2) until it is flush with the lower surface of the prestressed concrete component (4) and compacted to form a rectangular culvert body; wherein the soil outside the supporting wall (2) is replaced with mixed sand formed by PEN fibers and standard graded sand; the PEN fibers account for 0.3% of the volume of the standard graded sand; and the length of the PEN fibers is 8-12 cm.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific implementation method of step 2) is: 2.1) Prepare biological grouting fluid based on microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation; 2.2) injecting the biological grouting liquid prepared in step 2.1) into the mixed sand outside the supporting wall (2) to form a first biological grouting area (31), and stopping the grouting after the first biological grouting area (31) reaches a corresponding solidification effect; the width of the first biological grouting area (31) is 0.5-1 times the diameter of the curved mild steel arch plate (10).

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific implementation method of step 3) is: A bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate (10) is arranged on a rectangular culvert body, concrete components (7) are arranged on both sides of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate (10), and the concrete components (7) are bonded to a supporting wall (2) by a special concrete adhesive.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The specific implementation method of step 4) is: A radial unloading device is arranged inside the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate (10), and a transverse unloading device is arranged at the arch foot of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate (10); The lateral unloading device is arranged in the following manner: a slide rail (601) is arranged on a rectangular culvert body, anti-collision blocks (602) are arranged at both ends of the slide rail (601), the arch foot of the bent arc-shaped mild steel arch plate (10) is connected to the slider (603), and the slider (603) is placed on the slide rail (601) so that the slider (603) moves along the axial direction of the slide rail (601); a reserved groove (8) is opened in the concrete component (7), a pad (801) is embedded in the reserved groove (8), and a jacking device (9) is arranged in the reserved groove (8), the tail end of the jacking device (9) is against the pad (801), and the head end of the jacking device (9) is placed on the movement track of the slider (603); The radial unloading device is arranged in the following manner: a trapezoidal support base (501) is arranged in the middle part above the steel plate base (5), a triangular support base (1001) is arranged on the inner wall of the curved mild steel arch plate (10), and a retractable hydraulic support rod (11) is hinged to the triangular support base (1001) and the trapezoidal support base (501) respectively; and a high-strength spring (12) is arranged from one side of the arch foot to the other side of the arch foot of the curved mild steel arch plate (10).

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The specific implementation of step 5) is: 5.1) preparing a biological grouting liquid, wherein the composition and preparation method of the biological grouting liquid are completely the same as those of the biological grouting liquid in step 2.1); 5.2) injecting the bio-grouting liquid prepared in step 5.1) into the mixed sand outside the concrete component (7) to form a second bio-grouting area (32); the top height of the second bio-grouting area (32) is 10 to 50 cm higher than the top of the concrete component (7); wherein the backfill outside the concrete component (7) is replaced with a mixed sand formed by PEN fibers and standard graded sand; the PEN fibers account for 0.3% of the volume of the standard graded sand; and the length of the PEN fibers is 8 to 12 cm.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The specific implementation method of step 6) is: After the second biological grouting area (32) reaches the corresponding solidification effect, the grouting is stopped, and the backfill soil is filled to the designed elevation; the upper width of the second biological grouting area (32) is 0.5-1 times the diameter of the curved mild steel arch plate (10); the top width of the second biological grouting area (32) is the same as the width of the first biological grouting area (31).

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that: The method further comprises the step of arranging a monitoring device; the monitoring device comprises a pressure sensor (14) and a control box (15); the pressure sensor (14) is arranged between the prestressed concrete component (4) and the supporting wall (2) and between the trapezoidal supporting base (501) and the steel plate base (5); the pressure sensor (14), the telescopic hydraulic support rod (11) and the jacking device (9) are respectively connected to the control box (15).

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