A grouting device and method for karst caves in areas with karst tunnel development

Abstract

The present invention discloses a grouting device and method for a karst cave in a karst tunnel development area, relates to the field of karst cave filling technology, includes a foundation with a karst cave, and also includes a grouting pipe; a ring-shaped plugging plate is slidably installed inside the grouting pipe, and an inner pipe is fixedly installed on the inner ring of the plugging plate. The advantage is that when the present invention is used for grouting in a karst cave, a grouting reinforcement operation can be performed on the inner wall of the karst cave before grouting, thereby improving the adhesion between the mortar and the inner wall of the karst cave during the later grouting, improving the stability of the inner wall of the karst cave, and reducing the probability of collapse of the inner wall of the karst cave. At the same time, grouting can be performed from all sides to the middle, thereby reducing the flow of mortar and improving the mortar filling efficiency. In addition, the distance between the mortar outlet and the bottom of the karst cave can be reduced during grouting, and as the grouting proceeds, the distance gradually decreases, thereby reducing the vibration generated when the mortar falls, which is beneficial to the stability during grouting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cave filling, and in particular to a grouting device and method for caves in areas with karst tunnel development. Background Art

[0002] Karst tunnel development areas refer to areas that are geologically rich in karst action. This geological feature is usually formed by dissolution, mainly by water passing through limestone or other soluble rocks. After a long period of water erosion, the limestone or other soluble rocks will be lost, and hollow caves will be formed at the loss point, posing a huge safety hazard of collapse, and the cave needs to be sealed.

[0003] At present, grouting is used to fill larger caves, by injecting high-strength mortar or other polymers into the caves. For example, announcement number CN221144454U discloses a cave backfill grouting equipment for tunnel construction, which includes a fixing mechanism, the fixing mechanism includes a mounting ring, a fixing ring and four connecting rods, a rotating part is provided on the top of the mounting ring, the rotating part includes a limit ring and a rotating tube, a fixing part is provided above the mounting ring, a lifting part is provided in the rotating tube, the lifting part includes a lifting tube and a limit plate, a grouting pipe is screwed on the outer wall of the bottom end of the lifting tube, a connecting pipe is provided on the top of the lifting tube, and a corrugated pipe is provided at one end of the connecting pipe.

[0004] The grouting equipment for backfilling the cave used in the tunnel construction can adjust the grouting pipe so that the length of the grouting pipe inside the cave can be adjusted, thereby avoiding blockage of the grouting holes and improving the grouting effect. It can also buffer vibrations, prevent the connecting pipe and the lifting pipe from vibrating too much, avoid the pipe from falling off, and prevent the grouting pipe from being damaged, thereby improving practicality. However, during the specific use of the equipment, the mortar in the pipe is sprayed out from the grouting pipe at a fixed angle, which will lead to uneven distribution of the mortar during grouting, thereby affecting the grouting efficiency. At the same time, the mortar sprayed out and fell to the bottom of the cave will cause certain impact damage to the cave, and in severe cases, it will cause the interior of the cave to collapse, posing certain safety hazards.

[0005] Therefore, a novel grouting device and method for karst caves in areas with karst tunnel development can be used to solve the shortcomings of the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of uneven grouting and cave collapse caused by grouting in the prior art, and to propose a grouting device and method for caves in areas with karst tunnel development.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A grouting device for a karst cave in a karst tunnel development area, comprising a foundation with a karst cave and a grouting pipe;

[0009] An annular plugging plate is slidably installed inside the grouting pipe, an inner pipe is fixedly installed on the inner ring of the plugging plate, a disc three is slidably and rotatably installed in the inner pipe, a support frame is fixedly installed on the disc three through a plurality of pillars, a U-shaped connector is fixedly installed on the inner pipe and the grouting pipe, and a telescopic driving mechanism is installed between the connector and the disc three;

[0010] The connector is connected to the grouting pipe, a cover body is fixedly installed on the blocking plate, a plurality of telescopic tubes are fixedly installed on the cover body, the plurality of telescopic tubes all penetrate the blocking plate, and each telescopic tube is fixedly connected to a guide tube 1, an expansion mechanism matched with the plurality of guide tubes 1 is installed on the support frame, a guide tube 2 is fixedly installed in each of the guide tubes 1, and a plurality of diversion mechanisms matched with the corresponding guide tubes 1 and 2 are installed on the cover body;

[0011] Each of the second flow guide tubes is fixedly connected to a spray head, each of the first flow guide tubes is fixedly connected to a discharge pipe, and each of the first flow guide tubes is provided with a discharge hole.

[0012] Preferably, the telescopic driving mechanism includes a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder fixedly mounted on a connecting head, a disc 1 is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder, the disc 1 is slidably connected to the inner tube, a disc 2 is rotatably mounted on the disc 1 through a rotating column, a motor 1 is fixedly mounted on the disc 1, the motor 1 is located between the disc 1 and the disc 2, the driving end of the motor 1 passes through the disc 2 and is fixedly connected to the disc 3, a bracket is fixedly mounted on the driving end of the motor 1, the bracket is rotatably connected to the disc 3, a plurality of rotating rods are rotatably mounted on the bracket, a linkage structure is installed between each rotating rod and the corresponding guide tube 1, and an opening and closing structure is installed between each rotating rod and the corresponding discharge hole.

[0013] Preferably, the linkage structure includes a connecting rod rotatably mounted on a rotating rod through an axle, a rotating shaft is fixedly mounted on a side of the connecting rod away from the rotating rod, the rotating shaft is parallel to the axis of the axle, a pipe clamp is rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft, and the pipe clamp is fixedly connected to the guide tube.

[0014] Preferably, the opening and closing structure includes a baffle slidably mounted in the guide tube and matched with the discharge hole, a push block is fixedly mounted on the baffle, a connecting rod is rotatably mounted on the rotating rod, and a telescopic rod is fixedly mounted between the connecting rod and the push block.

[0015] Preferably, the expansion mechanism includes a rotating column rotatably mounted on the bracket, a screw rod is fixedly mounted on the rotating column, a nut is threadedly rotatably mounted on the screw rod, a fixing ring is fixedly mounted on the nut, a plurality of rotating rods 2 are rotatably mounted on the fixing ring, a fixing ring is fixedly mounted on the rotating column, a plurality of rotating rods 1 are rotatably mounted on the fixing ring, each of the rotating rods 1 is rotatably connected to the corresponding rotating rod 2 via a rotating shaft, a mounting frame is rotatably mounted on each of the rotating shafts, a limiting ring slidably connected to the guide tube 1 is fixedly mounted on each of the mounting frames, a vertical retaining component is mounted between each of the limiting rings and the corresponding rotating rod 1 and rotating rod 2, and a driving component is installed between the bracket and the rotating column.

[0016] Preferably, the vertical holding component includes two limit blocks fixedly mounted on the limit ring, and the two limit blocks cooperate with the corresponding rotating rod one and the rotating rod two.

[0017] Preferably, the driving component comprises a second motor fixedly mounted on a bracket, a hexagonal plug rod is fixedly mounted on a driving end of the second motor, and a hexagonal socket matching the hexagonal plug rod is provided on the rotating column.

[0018] Preferably, the diversion mechanism includes a plurality of feed pipes fixedly mounted on the cover body, each of the feed pipes is connected to the grouting pipe, and an electric-controlled valve is fixedly mounted on each of the feed pipes, the electric-controlled valve comprises a feed port, a first discharge port and a second discharge port, the feed pipe is connected to the feed port, the first outlet of the electric-controlled valve is fixedly connected to a conduit, the telescopic tube is connected to the second discharge port of the electric-controlled valve, and the conduit is connected to the second guide pipe via a rotary joint.

[0019] Preferably, a bearing is fixedly mounted at the nozzle of the spray head, a diverter cover is fixedly mounted on the inner ring of the bearing, a diverter plate is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the diverter cover, and a plurality of diverter holes with an inclined design are opened on the diverter cover.

[0020] The present invention also provides a grouting method for a karst cave in a karst tunnel development area, characterized in that it comprises the above-mentioned grouting device for a karst cave in a karst tunnel development area, and further comprises the following steps:

[0021] S1. First, build a supporting truncated platform on the foundation. The supporting truncated platform is annular, and the inner diameter of the supporting truncated platform is larger than the outer diameter of the grouting pipe. Then, dig a grouting hole vertically downward according to the inner diameter of the supporting truncated platform, so that the grouting hole is connected with the karst cave. Then, extend the grouting pipe into the grouting hole, select a grouting pipe of appropriate length, so that the stomach of the grouting pipe is extended into the karst cave, and the connector at the top of the grouting pipe is stacked on the supporting truncated platform;

[0022] S2, then drive the disc three to move downward through the telescopic drive mechanism, the disc three moving downward will drive the support frame to move downward through the pillar, and the support frame will drive the guide pipe one and the guide pipe two to move downward until the guide pipe one is completely extended out of the grouting pipe;

[0023] S3, then the expansion mechanism drives the guide tube 1 to rotate, so that the guide tube 1 expands into an umbrella shape, and then injects mortar into the grouting pipe through the connector, and the mortar enters the diversion mechanism through the gap between the grouting pipe and the inner pipe. Before grouting, the diversion mechanism opens the guide tube 2 and closes the guide tube 1. At this time, the mortar enters the grouting head through the guide tube 2, and the grouting operation is performed on the inner wall of the cave through the grouting head. During the grouting process, the position of the grouting head can be changed by the expansion mechanism to facilitate grouting at different positions;

[0024] S4. After the grouting is completed, the guide tube 1 is expanded to the maximum extent. At this time, the diversion mechanism will open the guide tube 1 and close the guide tube 2. The mortar will enter the guide tube 1. At this time, the mortar will flow out through the discharge hole or the discharge pipe. As the mortar flows into the cave, the telescopic drive mechanism will drive the guide tube 1 to rotate, so that the mortar filling is more uniform, avoiding mortar accumulation, thereby improving the filling efficiency;

[0025] S5. As the filling proceeds, the filling is evenly spread from the periphery to the center. The expansion mechanism can be used to reduce the inclination angle of the guide tube 1. As the inclination angle of the guide tube 1 is reduced, the filling will gradually move toward the center until the inclination angle of the guide tube 1 reaches a certain degree, at which the mortar flowing out of the discharge hole can directly fall onto the spraying head under the action of gravity. At this time, the discharge pipe will be opened and the discharge hole will be closed under the action of the telescopic drive mechanism. At this time, the mortar will flow out through the discharge pipe instead of the discharge hole until the angle of the guide tube 1 is vertical. Finally, the guide tube 1 is driven upward by the telescopic drive mechanism, and grouting is performed while moving upward until the guide tube 1 is completely retracted into the grouting pipe.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] 1. During the operation of the grouting device for caves in areas with developed karst tunnels, a grouting head is set to spray grout on the inner wall of the cave. At the same time, the expansion mechanism is used to change the position of the grouting head. The grouting head is rotated by the telescopic drive mechanism to reinforce the inner wall of the cave in multiple directions, thereby reducing the probability of collapse of the cave caused by vibration generated by the grouting operation during the filling process, improving the safety during grouting, and also improving the adhesion between the mortar and the inner wall of the cave during the later grouting, thereby improving the firmness of the mortar filling.

[0028] 2. During operation, the grouting device for caves in areas with developed karst tunnels can perform grouting and filling operations into the caves by setting up a guide tube 1, and then cooperate with the expansion mechanism to change the inclination of the guide tube 1, and change the position of the guide tube 1 through the telescopic drive mechanism, so as to realize the grouting operation at a moving point, which can make the grouting more uniform, and at the same time reduce the flow of mortar in the cave, thereby promoting the stability of the cave filling.

[0029] 3. During operation, the grouting device used for caves in areas with developed karst tunnels can not only change the position of grouting by setting a telescopic driving mechanism, but also reduce the distance between the grouting discharge end and the bottom of the cave, thereby achieving close-range filling. This can effectively reduce the vibration generated when the mortar falls, which is beneficial to the stability of filling. At the same time, the baffle can also be used to change the position of the guide tube discharge to reduce the impact of the mortar on the spray head.

[0030] To sum up, when the present invention is performing cave grouting, a grouting reinforcement operation can be performed on the inner wall of the cave before grouting, thereby improving the adhesion between the mortar and the inner wall of the cave during the later grouting, improving the stability of the inner wall of the cave, and reducing the probability of collapse of the inner wall of the cave. At the same time, grouting can be performed from the surroundings to the middle, thereby reducing the flow of the mortar and improving the mortar filling efficiency. In addition, the distance between the mortar outlet and the bottom of the cave can be reduced during grouting, and as the grouting proceeds, the distance gradually decreases, thereby reducing the vibration generated when the mortar falls, which is beneficial to the stability during grouting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a grouting device for use in caves in areas with karst tunnel development proposed by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A detailed diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle grouting pipe, the connector and the guide pipe 1;

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic detailed view of the plan structure along one of the angles;

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Detailed schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure along the AA section;

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of the structure after removing the grouting pipe, inner pipe and multi-stage hydraulic cylinder;

[0037] Figure 6for Figure 5 A schematic detailed view of the plan structure along one of the angles;

[0038] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Detailed schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure along the BB section;

[0039] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The enlarged structural schematic detailed diagram after removing the feed pipe, the blocking plate and the cover body;

[0040] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 A detailed structural diagram after removing the motor 1 and the bracket;

[0041] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 A detailed schematic diagram of the structure after the rotating rod is removed;

[0042] Fig.11 for Fig.10 Detailed schematic diagram of the structure after being rotated to a certain angle;

[0043] Fig.12 A schematic detailed diagram of the structure of the connection and operation of a single guide tube and a corresponding limit ring;

[0044] Fig.13 for Fig.12 Detailed schematic diagram of the structure after being rotated to a certain angle;

[0045] Fig.14 for Fig.13 Detailed schematic diagram of the structure after being rotated to a certain angle;

[0046] Fig.15 for Fig.14 A schematic detailed diagram of the planar structure of the middle feed pipe, the electric control valve and the telescopic pipe along one of the angles;

[0047] Fig.16 for Figure 5 Detailed schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure along the CC section;

[0048] Fig.17 for Fig.14 An enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of the middle spray head;

[0049] Fig.18 for Fig.17 Detailed schematic diagram of the planar structure of the middle splitter plate and splitter cover;

[0050] Fig.19 for Fig.18 Detailed schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure along the DD section;

[0051] Fig. 20 for Fig.12Detailed schematic diagram of the simulated structure of the transfer rod, the guide tube 1 and the connecting rod;

[0052] Fig.21 for Fig. 20 Detailed schematic diagram of the simulated structure after operation.

[0053] In the figure: 1 foundation, 2 connector, 3 grouting pipe, 4 cave, 5 guide pipe one, 6 supporting truncated table, 7 multi-stage hydraulic cylinder, 8 discharge pipe, 9 shotcrete head, 10 inner pipe, 11 motor one, 12 cover, 13 blocking plate, 14 screw rod, 15 feed pipe, 16 limit ring, 17 electric control valve, 18 telescopic pipe, 19 bracket, 20 pillar, 21 support frame, 22 rotating rod, 23 pipe clamp, 24 nut, 25 rotating rod one, 26 fixing ring, 27 limit block, 28 rotating column, 29 fixing ring, 30 rotating rod two, 31 connecting rod, 32 baffle, 33 push block, 34 connecting rod, 35 telescopic rod, 36 guide pipe two, 37 conduit, 38 rotating joint, 39 bearing, 40 diverter cover, 41 diverter plate, 42 diverter hole, 43 motor two, 44 ​​disc one, 45 disc two, 46 ​​disc three. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Example 1: Reference Figure 1-Figure 9 , Figure 12-14 A grouting device for karst caves in areas with developed karst tunnels, comprising a foundation 1 with a karst cave 4, and also comprising a grouting pipe 3; a ring-shaped sealing plate 13 is slidably installed inside the grouting pipe 3, an inner pipe 10 is fixedly installed on the inner circle of the sealing plate 13, a disc three 46 is slidably and rotatably installed inside the inner pipe 10, a support frame 21 is fixedly installed on the disc three 46 through a plurality of pillars 20, a U-shaped connector 2 is fixedly installed on the inner pipe 10 and the grouting pipe 3, and a telescopic driving mechanism is installed between the connector 2 and the disc three 46.

[0056] The function of the U-shaped connector 2 is to seal the top of the inner tube 10 to prevent the mortar from entering the inner tube 10 and to avoid the mortar from affecting other components in the inner tube 10. The connector 2 is connected to an external mortar pump, and the mortar is pumped into the connector 2 through the mortar pump to increase the injection force of the mortar.

[0057] The telescopic driving mechanism includes a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder 7 fixedly mounted on the connector 2, a disc 1 44 fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder 7, a sliding connection between the disc 1 44 and the inner tube 10, a disc 2 45 rotatably mounted on the disc 1 44 through a rotating column, a motor 11 fixedly mounted on the disc 1 44, the motor 11 is located between the disc 1 44 and the disc 2 45, the driving end of the motor 11 penetrates the disc 2 45 and is fixedly connected to the disc 3 46, a bracket 19 fixedly mounted on the driving end of the motor 11, the bracket 19 is rotatably connected to the disc 3 46, a plurality of rotating rods 22 are rotatably mounted on the bracket 19, and a linkage structure is installed between each rotating rod 22 and the corresponding guide tube 1 5;

[0058] The multi-stage hydraulic cylinder 7 extends, pushing the disc 1 44 to slide in the inner tube 10, and then drives the disc 2 45 and the disc 3 46 to move through the rotating column. The disc 2 45 drives the bracket 19 to move, and also drives the motor 11 to move. The movement of the bracket 19 drives the rotating rod 22 to move. The movement of the rotating rod 22 drives the guide tube 1 5 to move through the linkage mechanism, thereby realizing the extension and retraction of the guide tube 1 5.

[0059] The linkage structure includes a connecting rod 31 rotatably mounted on the rotating rod 22 through an axle body. A rotating shaft is fixedly mounted on the side of the connecting rod 31 away from the rotating rod 22. The rotating shaft is parallel to the axis of the axle body. A pipe clamp 23 is rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft. The pipe clamp 23 is fixedly connected to the guide pipe 5.

[0060] The movement of the rotating rod 22 drives the connecting rod 31 to move, thereby driving the pipe clamp 23 to move. Since the pipe clamp 23 is rotatably connected to the connecting rod 31, and the length of the connecting rod 31 is equal to the distance between the circle of the rotating rod 22 and the circle of the guiding tube 5, the distance is called the transverse distance. Since the transverse distance is fixed, the figure surrounded by the transverse distance, the rotating rod 22, the guiding tube 5 and the connecting rod 31 can be regarded as a rectangle, which can be referred to as Fig. 20 , pushing the rotating rod 22 downward through the bracket 19 will drive the rotating rod 22 to move, so that the rotating rod 22 and the guide tube 5 are misaligned up and down, and the connecting rod 31 at the bottom is tilted. The inclination of the connecting rod 31 will drive the lateral spacing to tilt, thereby reducing the distance between the guide tube 5 and the rotating rod 22. Since the guide tube 5 is on the sealing plate 13, the rotating rod 22 is located on the bracket 19 in the inner tube 10, and the distance between the bracket 19 and the sealing plate 13 will not be reduced, the distance between the rotating rod 22 and the guide tube 5 will not change, so the connecting rod 31 will not tilt. Therefore, when in the grouting pipe 3, the guide tube 5 will move downward with the rotating rod 22 until the guide tube 5 is completely extended out of the grouting pipe 3.

[0061] In a further embodiment, referring to Figure 12-Figure 19A second flow guide tube 36 is fixedly installed in each flow guide tube 1 5 , and a plurality of flow diversion mechanisms matching the corresponding flow guide tubes 1 5 and the second flow guide tubes 36 are installed on the cover body 12 .

[0062] Each guide tube 2 36 is fixedly connected to a spray head 9, each guide tube 1 5 is fixedly connected to a discharge pipe 8, and each guide tube 1 5 is provided with a discharge hole. The spray head 9 can increase the spraying force of the mortar, and also make the mortar more divergent, so that the spraying of the mortar is more uniform.

[0063] A bearing 39 is fixedly installed at the nozzle of the spray head 9, a diverter cover 40 is fixedly installed on the inner ring of the bearing 39, a diverter plate 41 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the diverter cover 40, and a plurality of diverter holes 42 with an inclined design are opened on the diverter cover 40.

[0064] As the mortar is sprayed out, the mortar will first impact on the diverter plate 41. Part of the mortar will be vertically sprayed through the holes on the diverter plate 41, while part of the mortar will diffuse to the surroundings under the obstruction of the diverter plate 41. During the diffusion process, it will pass through the diverter holes 42 on the diverter cover 40. The mortar will resist the inner wall of the diverter hole 42. Under the pressure force, the diverter cover 40 will rotate around the bearing 39 to realize rotary spraying, making the spraying more uniform.

[0065] The diversion mechanism includes a plurality of feed pipes 15 fixedly mounted on the cover body 12, each feed pipe 15 is connected to the grouting pipe 3, and an electric control valve 17 is fixedly mounted on each feed pipe 15, the electric control valve 17 comprises a feed port, a first discharge port and a second discharge port, the feed pipe 15 is connected to the feed port, a first outlet of the electric control valve 17 is fixedly connected to a conduit 37, a telescopic tube 18 is connected to the second discharge port of the electric control valve 17, and the conduit 37 is connected to the guide pipe 2 36 via a rotary joint 38.

[0066] The mortar that enters the grouting pipe 3 through the connector 2 will enter the electric control valve 17 through the feed pipe 15, and then the electric control valve 17 controls whether it enters the guide pipe 1 5 or the guide pipe 2 36. Entering the guide pipe 1 5 is grouting, and entering the guide pipe 2 36 is spraying.

[0067] The function of the cover body 12 is to protect the electric control valve 17. At the same time, the top height of the cover body 12 is flush with the upper end of the feed pipe 15, which can ensure that the mortar will enter the feed pipe 15 without leaving too much residue in the grouting pipe 3, which is convenient for subsequent cleaning.

[0068] Reference Fig.14An opening and closing structure is installed between each rotating rod 22 and the corresponding discharge hole. The opening and closing structure includes a baffle 32 slidably installed in the guide tube 5 and matched with the discharge hole. A push block 33 is fixedly installed on the baffle 32. A connecting rod 34 is rotatably installed on the rotating rod 22. A telescopic rod 35 is fixedly installed between the connecting rod 34 and the push block 33.

[0069] As the guide tube 5 is unfolded, the rotating rod 22 and the guide tube 5 will be misaligned, which will drive the connecting rod 34 to rotate and drive the telescopic rod 35 to shorten. The telescopic rod 35 will drive the push block 33 to move, thereby driving the baffle 32 to move, so that the baffle 32 is separated from the discharge hole, and the baffle 32 blocks the discharge tube 8. At this time, the mortar will flow out through the discharge hole. As the inclination angle of the guide tube 5 decreases, the filling will gradually move toward the middle until the guide tube 5 is filled. When the inclination angle of 5 reaches a certain degree, the mortar flowing out of the discharge hole can directly fall onto the spray head 9 under the action of gravity. At this time, the discharge pipe 8 will be opened and the discharge hole will be closed under the action of the telescopic drive mechanism. At this time, the mortar will flow out through the discharge pipe 8 instead of the discharge hole until the angle of the guide pipe 5 is vertical. Finally, the guide pipe 5 is driven upward by the telescopic drive mechanism, and grouting is performed while moving upward until the guide pipe 5 is completely retracted into the grouting pipe 3.

[0070] Embodiment 2: This embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 in that: Figure 1-Figure 13 The connector 2 is connected to the grouting pipe 3, a cover body 12 is fixedly mounted on the blocking plate 13, a plurality of telescopic tubes 18 are fixedly mounted on the cover body 12, the plurality of telescopic tubes 18 all penetrate the blocking plate 13, and each telescopic tube 18 is fixedly connected to a flow guide tube 5, and an expansion mechanism matched with the plurality of flow guide tubes 5 is mounted on the support frame 21; as the flow guide tube 5 rotates, the telescopic tube 18 will be driven to expand and contract, thereby maintaining the connection between the telescopic tube 18 and the flow guide tube 5.

[0071] The expansion mechanism includes a rotating column 28 rotatably mounted on the bracket 19, a screw rod 14 is fixedly mounted on the rotating column 28, a nut 24 is threadedly rotatably mounted on the screw rod 14, a fixing ring 26 is fixedly mounted on the nut 24, a plurality of rotating rods 2 30 are rotatably mounted on the fixing ring 26, a fixing ring 29 is fixedly mounted on the rotating column 28, a plurality of rotating rods 1 25 are rotatably mounted on the fixing ring 29, each rotating rod 1 25 is rotatably connected to the corresponding rotating rod 2 30 via a rotating shaft, a mounting frame is rotatably mounted on each rotating shaft, a limiting ring 16 slidably connected to the guide tube 1 5 is fixedly mounted on each mounting frame, and a vertical retaining component is installed between each limiting ring 16 and the corresponding rotating rod 1 25 and rotating rod 2 30;

[0072] The rotation of the rotating column 28 drives the screw rod 14 to rotate, thereby causing the nut 24 to move on the screw rod 14. The movement of the nut 24 drives the rotating rod 2 30 to move, and the rotating rod 2 30 is coaxially connected to the rotating rod 1 25. Therefore, the rotating rod 1 25 and the rotating rod 2 30 will not move in the vertical direction, but will rotate coaxially, and the position of one end of the rotating rod 1 25 remains fixed. When the rotating rod 1 25 rotates, it will drive the limit ring 16 to move and expand outward at the same time. The limit ring 16 drives the guide tube 1 5 to rotate, and the limit ring 16 will slide on the guide tube 1 5 to change the angle of the guide tube 1 5.

[0073] The vertical maintaining component includes two limit blocks 27 fixedly mounted on the limit ring 16, and the two limit blocks 27 cooperate with the corresponding rotating rod 1 25 and the rotating rod 2 30. When the guide tube 1 5 is in a vertical position, the two limit blocks 27 abut against the corresponding rotating rod 1 25 and the rotating rod 2 30.

[0074] The purpose of setting the limit block 27 is to keep the limit ring 16 vertical when the guide tube 5 is in a vertical state, so as to prevent the rotating rod 1 25 and the rotating rod 2 30 from rotating excessively and causing the guide tube 5 to be clamped. In this way, the guide tube 5 can be kept vertical, thereby facilitating the retraction of the guide tube 5 into the grouting pipe 3.

[0075] A driving component is installed between the bracket 19 and the rotating column 28, and the driving component includes a second motor 43 fixedly installed on the bracket 19, a hexagonal plug rod is fixedly installed on the driving end of the second motor 43, and a hexagonal socket matching the hexagonal plug rod is opened on the rotating column 28.

[0076] The driving end of the second motor 43 rotates to drive the hexagonal plug rod to rotate, thereby driving the rotating column 28 to rotate through the hexagonal socket. The purpose of providing the hexagonal plug rod and the hexagonal socket is to facilitate the disassembly of the second motor 43.

[0077] The specific operation steps of this device are as follows:

[0078] First, a support truncated platform 6 is built on the foundation 1. The support truncated platform 6 is annular, and the inner diameter of the support truncated platform 6 is larger than the outer diameter of the grouting pipe 3. Then, a grouting hole is vertically excavated downward according to the inner diameter of the support truncated platform 6, so that the grouting hole is connected with the karst cave 4. Then, the grouting pipe 3 is extended into the grouting hole, and a grouting pipe 3 of a suitable length is selected so that the stomach of the grouting pipe 3 is extended into the karst cave 4. The connector 2 at the top of the grouting pipe 3 is stacked on the support truncated platform 6;

[0079] Then, the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder 7 is extended to push the disc 1 44 to slide in the inner tube 10, and then the disc 2 45 and the disc 3 46 are driven to move through the rotating column, and the disc 2 45 drives the bracket 19 to move, and also drives the motor 11 to move, and the bracket 19 moves and drives the rotating rod 22 to move, and the disc 3 46 moves downward, and drives the support frame 21 to move downward through the support 20, and the support frame 21 drives the guide pipe 1 5 and the guide pipe 2 36 to move downward, until the guide pipe 1 5 is completely extended out of the grouting pipe 3;

[0080] Then, the motor 2 43 is turned on, and the rotation of the motor 2 43 drives the rotating column 28 to rotate, and the rotation of the rotating column 28 drives the screw rod 14 to rotate, so that the nut 24 moves on the screw rod 14, and the movement of the nut 24 drives the rotating rod 2 30 to move, and the rotating rod 2 30 is coaxially connected with the rotating rod 1 25, so the rotating rod 1 25 and the rotating rod 2 30 will not move in the vertical direction, but rotate coaxially, and the position of one end of the rotating rod 1 25 remains fixed. When the rotating rod 1 25 rotates, it will drive the limit ring 16 to move and expand outward at the same time, and the limit ring 16 drives the guide tube 1 5 to rotate, and the limit ring 16 will be in the guide tube 1 5 Slide upward to change the angle of the guide tube 5 so that the guide tube 5 expands into an umbrella shape, and then inject mortar into the grouting pipe 3 through the connector 2. The mortar will enter the feed pipe 15 through the grouting pipe 3 and the inner pipe 10. Before grouting, the electric control valve 17 will open the guide tube 36 and close the guide tube 5. At this time, the mortar will enter the spraying head 9 through the guide tube 36, and the spraying operation will be performed on the inner wall of the cave 4 through the spraying head 9. During the spraying process, the motor 11 can be used to drive the bracket 19 and all the guide tubes 5 to rotate, and the rotary spraying is performed to change the position of the spraying head 9, so as to facilitate spraying at different positions;

[0081] After the grouting is completed, the guide tube 15 is expanded to the maximum extent. At this time, the electric control valve 17 will open the guide tube 15 and close the guide tube 2 36. The mortar will enter the guide tube 15. At this time, the mortar will flow out through the discharge hole or the discharge pipe 8. During the grouting formation, the angle of the guide tube 15 is changed at regular intervals to make the mortar filling more uniform and avoid mortar accumulation, thereby improving the filling efficiency;

[0082] As the filling progresses, the guide tube 5 is unfolded, and the rotating rod 22 and the guide tube 5 are misaligned, which drives the linkage rod 34 to rotate and drives the telescopic rod 35 to shorten. The telescopic rod 35 drives the push block 33 to move, thereby driving the baffle 32 to move, so that the baffle 32 is separated from the discharge hole, and the baffle 32 blocks the discharge tube 8. At this time, the mortar will flow out through the discharge hole, and then the inclination angle of the guide tube 5 will be reduced after a period of time. As the inclination angle of the guide tube 5 is reduced, the filling will Gradually move closer to the middle until the inclination angle of the guide tube 5 reaches a certain degree, the degree of which is that the mortar flowing out of the discharge hole can directly fall onto the spray head 9 under the action of gravity. At this time, the discharge pipe 8 will be opened under the action of to close the discharge hole. At this time, the mortar will flow out through the discharge pipe 8 instead of the discharge hole until the angle of the guide tube 5 is vertical. Finally, the guide tube 5 is driven to move upward by the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder 7, and grouting is performed while moving upward until the guide tube 5 is completely retracted into the grouting pipe 3.

[0083] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grouting device for a karst cave in an area where a karst tunnel is developed, comprising a foundation (1) having a karst cave (4), characterized in that: Also includes a grouting pipe (3); An annular sealing plate (13) is slidably mounted inside the grouting pipe (3), an inner pipe (10) is fixedly mounted on the inner ring of the sealing plate (13), a disc three (46) is slidably and rotatably mounted inside the inner pipe (10), a support frame (21) is fixedly mounted on the disc three (46) via a plurality of pillars (20), a U-shaped connector (2) is fixedly mounted on the inner pipe (10) and the grouting pipe (3), and a telescopic drive mechanism is mounted between the connector (2) and the disc three (46); The connector (2) is connected to the grouting pipe (3); a cover body (12) is fixedly mounted on the blocking plate (13); a plurality of telescopic tubes (18) are fixedly mounted on the cover body (12); the plurality of telescopic tubes (18) all penetrate the blocking plate (13); and each telescopic tube (18) is fixedly connected to a flow guide tube 1 (5); an expansion mechanism matching the plurality of flow guide tubes 1 (5) is mounted on the support frame (21); a flow guide tube 2 (36) is fixedly mounted in each of the flow guide tubes 1 (5); and a plurality of flow diversion mechanisms matching the corresponding flow guide tubes 1 (5) and flow guide tubes 2 (36) are mounted on the cover body (12); Each of the guide pipes 2 (36) is fixedly connected to a spray head (9), each of the guide pipes 1 (5) is fixedly connected to a discharge pipe (8), and each of the guide pipes 1 (5) is provided with a discharge hole.

2. The grouting device for karst caves in areas with karst tunnel development according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The telescopic drive mechanism comprises a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder (7) fixedly mounted on a connecting head (2); a disc 1 (44) is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder (7); the disc 1 (44) and the inner tube (10) are slidably connected; a disc 2 (45) is rotatably mounted on the disc 1 (44) via a rotating column; a motor 1 (11) is fixedly mounted on the disc 1 (44); the motor 1 (11) is located between the disc 1 (44) and the disc 2 (45); The driving end of the motor one (11) passes through the disc two (45) and is fixedly connected to the disc three (46). A bracket (19) is fixedly mounted on the driving end of the motor one (11). The bracket (19) is rotatably connected to the disc three (46). A plurality of rotating rods (22) are rotatably mounted on the bracket (19). A linkage structure is installed between each rotating rod (22) and the corresponding guide tube one (5). An opening and closing structure is installed between each rotating rod (22) and the corresponding discharge hole.

3. The grouting device for karst caves in areas with karst tunnel development according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The linkage structure comprises a connecting rod (31) rotatably mounted on a rotating rod (22) via a shaft body, a rotating shaft being fixedly mounted on a side of the connecting rod (31) away from the rotating rod (22), the rotating shaft being parallel to the axis of the shaft body, a pipe clamp (23) being rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft, and the pipe clamp (23) being fixedly connected to the guide pipe 1 (5).

4. The grouting device for karst caves in areas with karst tunnel development according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The opening and closing structure comprises a baffle (32) slidably mounted in the guide tube (5) and matched with the discharge hole, a push block (33) being fixedly mounted on the baffle (32), a connecting rod (34) being rotatably mounted on the rotating rod (22), and a telescopic rod (35) being fixedly mounted between the connecting rod (34) and the push block (33).

5. The grouting device for karst caves in areas with karst tunnel development according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The expansion mechanism comprises a rotating column (28) rotatably mounted on a bracket (19); a screw rod (14) is fixedly mounted on the rotating column (28); a nut (24) is threadedly rotatably mounted on the screw rod (14); a fixing ring (26) is fixedly mounted on the nut (24); a plurality of rotating rods (2) (30) are rotatably mounted on the fixing ring (26); a fixing ring (29) is fixedly mounted on the rotating column (28); a plurality of rotating rods (25) are rotatably mounted on the fixing ring (29); each rotating rod (25) is rotatably connected to a corresponding rotating rod (30) via a rotating shaft; a mounting frame is rotatably mounted on each rotating shaft; a limiting ring (16) slidably connected to a guide tube (5) is fixedly mounted on each mounting frame; a vertical retaining component is mounted between each limiting ring (16) and the corresponding rotating rod (25) and rotating rod (30); and a driving component is mounted between the bracket (19) and the rotating column (28).

6. The grouting device for karst caves in areas with karst tunnel development according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vertical holding component comprises two limit blocks (27) fixedly mounted on the limit ring (16), and the two limit blocks (27) cooperate with the corresponding rotating rod 1 (25) and the rotating rod 2 (30).

7. The grouting device for karst caves in areas with karst tunnel development according to claim 5, characterized in that: The driving component comprises a second motor (43) fixedly mounted on a bracket (19), a hexagonal plug rod being fixedly mounted on a driving end of the second motor (43), and a hexagonal plug hole matching the hexagonal plug rod being provided on the rotating column (28).

8. The grouting device for karst caves in areas with karst tunnel development according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow diversion mechanism comprises a plurality of feed pipes (15) fixedly mounted on the cover body (12), each of the feed pipes (15) being connected to the grouting pipe (3), and each of the feed pipes (15) being fixedly mounted with an electric control valve (17), the electric control valve (17) comprising a feed port, a first discharge port and a second discharge port, the feed pipe (15) being connected to the feed port, the first outlet of the electric control valve (17) being fixedly connected to a conduit (37), the telescopic tube (18) being connected to the second discharge port of the electric control valve (17), and the conduit (37) being connected to the second guide pipe (36) via a rotary joint (38).

9. The grouting device for karst caves in areas with karst tunnel development according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bearing (39) is fixedly mounted at the nozzle of the spray head (9), a flow divider (40) is fixedly mounted on the inner ring of the bearing (39), a flow divider plate (41) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the flow divider (40), and a plurality of flow divider holes (42) with an inclined design are provided on the flow divider (40).

10. A grouting method for a karst cave in an area where karst tunnels are developed, characterized in that: The grouting device for a karst cave in a karst tunnel development area according to any one of claims 1 to 9 further comprises the following steps: S1. First, a supporting truncated platform (6) is built on the foundation (1). The supporting truncated platform (6) is annular, and the inner diameter of the supporting truncated platform (6) is larger than the outer diameter of the grouting pipe (3). Then, a grouting hole is vertically excavated downward according to the inner diameter of the supporting truncated platform (6), so that the grouting hole is connected to the karst cave (4). Then, the grouting pipe (3) is extended into the grouting hole. A grouting pipe (3) of a suitable length is selected so that the stomach of the grouting pipe (3) is extended into the karst cave (4). The connector (2) at the top of the grouting pipe (3) is stacked on the supporting truncated platform (6); S2, the disc three (46) is then driven downward by the telescopic driving mechanism, and the downward movement of the disc three (46) drives the support frame (21) to move downward through the support (20), and the support frame (21) drives the guide pipe one (5) and the guide pipe two (36) to move downward until the guide pipe one (5) is completely extended out of the grouting pipe (3); S3, then the expansion mechanism drives the guide tube 1 (5) to rotate, so that the guide tube 1 (5) expands into an umbrella shape, and then injects mortar into the grouting tube (3) through the connector (2), and the mortar enters the diversion mechanism through the gap between the grouting tube (3) and the inner tube (10). Before grouting, the diversion mechanism opens the guide tube 2 (36) and closes the guide tube 1 (5). At this time, the mortar enters the grouting head (9) through the guide tube 2 (36), and is sprayed onto the inner wall of the cave (4) through the spraying head (9). During the spraying process, the position of the spraying head (9) can be changed by the expansion mechanism to facilitate spraying at different positions; S4, after the grouting is completed, the guide tube 1 (5) is expanded to the maximum extent. At this time, the diversion mechanism will open the guide tube 1 (5) and close the guide tube 2 (36). The mortar will enter the guide tube 1 (5). At this time, the mortar will flow out through the discharge hole or the discharge pipe (8). As the mortar flows into the cave (4), the telescopic drive mechanism will drive the guide tube 1 (5) to rotate, so that the mortar filling is more uniform, avoiding mortar accumulation, thereby improving the filling efficiency; S5. As the filling progresses, the filling is evenly carried out from the periphery to the center. The expansion mechanism can be used to reduce the inclination angle of the guide tube 1 (5). As the inclination angle of the guide tube 1 (5) is reduced, the filling will gradually move toward the center until the inclination angle of the guide tube 1 (5) reaches a certain degree, and the mortar flowing out of the discharge hole can directly fall onto the grouting head (9) under the action of gravity. At this time, the discharge tube (8) will be opened and the discharge hole will be closed under the action of the telescopic drive mechanism. At this time, the mortar will flow out through the discharge tube (8) instead of flowing out from the discharge hole until the angle of the guide tube 1 (5) is vertical. Finally, the telescopic drive mechanism is used to drive the guide tube 1 (5) to move upward, and grouting is performed while moving upward until the guide tube 1 (5) is completely retracted into the grouting pipe (3).

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