A multi-stage crushing and grinding device for a shield machine

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-stage crushing and grinding device for a shield machine, which includes a grinding cutter head carrying a crushing mechanism and a shield shell sleeved behind it. The grinding cutter head is provided with a "rice" - shaped hob groove on its surface, and multiple groups of double hobs are tangentially clamped at its center. The double hob includes a double - cutter seat fixedly embedded with double cutter heads. The double cutter heads are symmetrically provided with double cutting edges with obliquely narrowed edges at the periphery, and are detachably connected to double - cutter fastening blocks clamped at the bottom of the double - cutter seat through double - cutter fixing holes on both sides thereof. Multiple groups of movable single hobs are clamped outside the hob groove, and grinding blocks are alternately erected circumferentially in adjacent gaps of the hob groove. A flow - dividing cutter corresponding to the grinding block is arranged on the end face of the cutter head surface close to the grinding block, and grinding balls are evenly buried at its top. Through the innovative combination design of double hobs, single hobs, grinding blocks and flow - dividing cutters, the integrated processing of crushing and grinding is achieved, and the deficiencies in the tunneling efficiency and rock processing of the existing shield machine in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shield machines, and in particular to a multi-stage crushing and grinding device for a shield machine. Background Art

[0002] In the field of tunneling, shield machines, as a key equipment, are widely used in the construction of tunnel projects such as subways, highways, railways, and drainage systems. However, the performance and efficiency of shield machines directly affect the progress and cost of the tunneling process, among which the crushing and grinding process is one of the key links affecting the efficiency of tunneling. Usually, shield machines need to cut and crush the rocks and soil layers in front during the tunneling process. However, the hardness, structure and density of rocks in the tunneling environment vary greatly. The crushing cutters of shield machines often need to face the challenges of different working conditions. Therefore, how to improve the crushing efficiency has always been the focus of industry technology research.

[0003] The shield machine in the prior art mainly relies on the roller cutter to cut and crush the rock, and the roller cutter is driven by the rotating cutter disc with high torque to cut. However, during the excavation process, the cutter often faces the problems of too high rock hardness, too fast wear and unsatisfactory crushing effect. On the one hand, the conventional single roller cutter design has limited crushing efficiency when facing high-hardness rocks, especially when encountering complex conditions such as rock mixed with sand, groundwater, etc., the wear of the cutter is aggravated, which not only reduces the crushing efficiency, but also speeds up the replacement frequency of the roller cutter, resulting in increased excavation costs and extended construction period. On the other hand, the singleness of the cutter structure cannot take into account the needs of different crushing stages at the same time. The existing shield machine cutter disc is mostly a single roller cutter arrangement, lacking secondary grinding and further processing of the crushed stone after crushing, which easily causes rock blocks to gather on the excavation face, affecting the subsequent slag discharge and further crushing of the cutter. In view of this situation, the prior art has proposed a variety of improvement schemes, but most of them are still focused on the improvement of the roller cutter material or the optimization of the cutter arrangement method, and rarely involve the systematic design of the combination of crushing and grinding functions. Since shield machines require multi-stage crushing and grinding during the excavation process, how to balance efficient crushing and grinding in the design of shield machines has become an important research direction for improving the overall excavation efficiency of shield machines. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-stage crushing and grinding device for a shield machine. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] The present invention provides a multi-stage crushing and grinding device for a shield machine, comprising a grinding cutter disc carrying a crushing mechanism and a shield shell sleeved thereon, wherein a "M"-shaped roller cutter groove is arranged on the surface of the grinding cutter disc, and a plurality of groups of double roller cutters are tangentially clamped at the center thereof, wherein the double roller cutters comprise a double cutter seat fixedly embedded with a barbell-shaped double cutter head, wherein the double cutter head is symmetrically provided with double blades with obliquely narrowed edges, which are used for preliminary crushing of rocks, and are detachably connected to a double cutter fastening block clamped at the bottom of the double cutter seat through double cutter fixing holes on both sides thereof, wherein a plurality of groups of movable single roller cutters are clamped at the periphery of the roller cutter groove, which are used for secondary crushing of rocks, and grinding blocks are alternately arranged in annular directions in adjacent gaps of the roller cutter groove, and a diverter cutter corresponding to the grinding block is arranged on the end surface of the disc surface close to the grinding block, wherein evenly distributed grinding balls are buried at the top thereof, which are used for grinding and guiding the crushed rocks.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the single hob includes a hollow square cylindrical single blade seat with a flying saucer-shaped single blade head embedded in it, and a semicircular rotating cavity on the upper part and a rhombus groove on the lower part are symmetrically left therein, and a single blade locking block with complementary corners is symmetrically arranged in the rhombus groove, and an arc groove is opened diagonally to form an embedding position of the single blade head with the semicircular rotating cavity, which is used for limiting the rotation of the single blade head. A single blade groove is penetrated through the side of the single blade locking block, which is adapted to be clamped with the single blade protrusion corresponding to the single blade fastening block clamped at the bottom, and is locked with a bolt through it for fastening and locking the single blade head.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the double-blade fixing hole of the double-blade head is connected with the bolt at the bottom of the double-blade fastening block, and double-blade locking blocks with complementary corners are symmetrically filled therein to reduce the instantaneous displacement of the double-blade head.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a plurality of edge digging knives are arranged on the edge of the grinding cutter disc surface, which includes an edge shock-absorbing ring with a teacup-shaped edge cutter head embedded therein, and an edge cutter seat is arranged on the outer periphery of the edge shock-absorbing ring and is fixed by clamping the stabilizing groove of the edge cutter seat.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a flipping groove is provided on the outer periphery of the top of the edge cutter head to increase the contact surface of the broken rock, and a hydraulic rod is connected to its bottom to change the flipping angle of the edge cutter head according to different geological conditions to expand the excavation diameter.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the diverter cutter includes a diverter seat embedded in the surface of the grinding cutter disc and a diverter block fixed thereon by bolts. The head of the diverter block is stepped and evenly provided with polygonal raised guide blades for cutting and guiding the crushed rock.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the surface of the diverter block is coated with a ceramic coating to slow down the wear rate.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the single cutter head and the double cutter head are made of high-strength alloy steel and are coated with tungsten carbide by plasma spraying to improve the fatigue resistance of the tunneling cutter head during long-term operation.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the grinding disc material is NM450 and has been surface hardened.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] The present invention provides a multi-stage crushing and grinding device for a shield machine, which has significant beneficial effects in design, can greatly improve the crushing and grinding efficiency of the shield machine under complex geological conditions, and overcomes multiple difficulties encountered by existing shield machines during excavation. First, the device combines the functions of the roller and the grinding block through an innovative cutterhead structure design, and adopts a combination of double rollers and single rollers to achieve multi-stage crushing and gradual grinding. This design greatly improves the primary and secondary crushing capacity of the cutterhead for rocks, ensures that the shield machine can still efficiently cut and crush rocks when encountering hard rocks, mixed strata and other complex conditions, and reduces the problems of incomplete crushing and low efficiency that may occur under a single roller structure.

[0016] Compared with the existing single-cutter design, the double-cutter structure has a stronger crushing ability, especially playing a key role in the initial crushing stage. The double-edged design of the double-cutters can exert uniform and symmetrical force on the rock during cutting, greatly reducing the stress concentration of the cutter and slowing down the wear of the cutter. It not only improves the crushing efficiency, but also extends the service life of the cutter, reducing the downtime and maintenance costs caused by frequent wear of the cutter. In addition, the double cutters are tightly connected to the double cutter holder through a detachable connection, and the cutter replacement is convenient, making maintenance and replacement faster and more efficient, further reducing the risk of construction delays.

[0017] The addition of a single roller provides a more sophisticated secondary crushing function for the entire crushing system. After the initial crushing, traditional shield machines usually do not further process the crushed fine rocks, resulting in rock fragments of varying sizes, which not only affects the slag discharge, but may also accumulate on the excavation face, increasing the workload of the roller. In this device, the secondary crushing of the peripheral single roller can effectively control the size of the crushed stone and prevent the fragments from hindering the excavation process, thereby ensuring the excavation continuity and stability of the entire shield machine.

[0018] The combination of grinding blocks and diverter cutters further improves the processing flow of rock fragments. Grinding blocks are alternately arranged in adjacent gaps of the cutter grooves to refine the crushed stone, so that the rock can reach a smaller particle size before slag discharge. This grinding function effectively avoids the impact of excessively large crushed stone particles on the subsequent slag discharge system, and further reduces the workload of the cutter. The diverter cutter fully guides the crushed stone so that it can pass through the grinding blocks smoothly, avoiding the crushed stone from being retained on the cutter disc surface and affecting the cutter disc's working efficiency. In addition, the grinding balls on the diverter cutter grind the rock through collision. This multi-level processing design further refines the rock fragments, which not only speeds up the discharge of the crushed stone, but also improves the overall crushing and grinding efficiency of the shield machine.

[0019] Through this multi-stage crushing and grinding device, the shield machine can flexibly respond to different geological conditions, and can achieve efficient crushing and slag discharge whether it is hard rock excavation or soft soil excavation. Compared with traditional technologies, this device significantly improves excavation efficiency and reduces equipment wear rate and maintenance costs. Existing shield machines usually rely only on a single roller cutter for crushing, and are unable to finely process rock fragments, resulting in increased wear of the roller cutter, and the slag discharge system after crushing is easily obstructed by large-particle gravel, affecting the efficiency of excavation. Through the multi-stage crushing and grinding design of this device, the cutterhead can not only continue to maintain efficient operation, but also further grind the rock fragments to make the slag discharge process smoother, reducing the burden of the roller cutter repeatedly crushing large pieces of rock, thereby improving the overall excavation efficiency.

[0020] In addition, the multi-stage crushing and grinding in this design can effectively reduce the accumulation of gravel on the excavation face, allowing the cutter to contact the rock surface more smoothly, reducing unnecessary vibration and friction. This not only improves the cutting efficiency of the cutter, but also reduces the probability of damage to the cutter under complex geological conditions, extending its service life, not only improving the working efficiency of the shield machine, but also greatly reducing the frequency of maintenance and replacement of cutters, reducing the cost of later use.

[0021] In summary, the shield machine multi-stage crushing and grinding device realizes the integrated processing of crushing and grinding through the innovative design of double roller cutters, single roller cutters, grinding blocks and diverter cutters, solving the shortcomings of shield machines in tunneling efficiency and rock processing in the existing technology. It shows excellent performance under complex geological conditions and effectively improves the efficiency, reliability and economy of shield tunneling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The overall structural diagram of the present invention is shown;

[0023] Figure 2 The three-dimensional structural diagram of the grinding cutter disc and the crushing mechanism in the present invention is shown;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the grinding cutter disc in the present invention is shown;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a single hob in the present invention is shown;

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the double hobs in the present invention is shown;

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the edge digging tool in the present invention is shown;

[0028] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a single hob in the present invention is shown;

[0029] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the grinding cutter disc in the present invention is shown;

[0030] Fig. 9 An exploded view of an edge digging tool in the present invention is shown;

[0031] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the double cutter head in the present invention is shown;

[0032] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a single blade head in the present invention is shown;

[0033] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the flow-dividing knife in the present invention is shown;

[0034] As shown in the figure: 1. Grinding cutter disc; 11. Hob groove; 12. Grinding block; 2. Crushing mechanism; 21. Double hobs; 211. Double cutter head; 2111. Double blades; 2112. Double cutter fixing hole; 212. Double cutter seat; 213. Double cutter locking block; 2131. Double cutter groove; 214. Double cutter fastening block; 22. Single hob; 221. Single cutter head; 2211. Single blade; 222. Single cutter seat; 2221. Rotating chamber; 2222. Diamond groove; 223, single-blade locking block; 2231, single-blade groove; 224, single-blade fastening block; 2241, single-blade protrusion; 23, edge digging knife; 231, edge cutter head; 2311, flip groove; 2312, hydraulic rod; 232, edge shock-absorbing ring; 233, edge cutter seat; 2331, stabilizing groove; 24, diverter knife; 241, diverter seat; 242, diverter block; 2421, grinding ball; 2422, guide blade; 3, shield shell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0036] Embodiment 1

[0037] In order to solve the technical problems in the background technology, a multi-stage crushing and grinding device of a shield machine is provided as follows:

[0038] Combination Figure 1-9 As shown, a multi-stage crushing and grinding device of a shield machine comprises a grinding cutter disc 1 carrying a crushing mechanism 2 and a shield shell 3 sleeved thereon, wherein the grinding cutter disc 1 is provided with a "M"-shaped roller cutter groove 11, and a plurality of groups of double roller cutters 21 are tangentially arranged at the center thereof, wherein the double roller cutters 21 comprise a double cutter seat 212 fixedly embedded with a barbell-shaped double cutter head 211, and the double cutter head 211 is symmetrically provided with double blades 2111 with obliquely narrowed edges, which are used for preliminary crushing of rocks and the double cutters on both sides thereof. The fixing hole 2112 is detachably connected to the double-knife fastening block 214 clamped at the bottom of the double-knife seat 212, and a plurality of groups of movable single rollers 22 are clamped on the periphery of the roller cutter groove 11 for secondary crushing of rocks. Grinding blocks 12 are alternately arranged in an annular direction in adjacent gaps of the roller cutter groove 11, and the end surface of the disk surface close to the grinding block 12 is provided with a diverter knife 24 corresponding to the grinding block 12, and evenly distributed grinding balls 2421 are buried on the top for grinding and guiding the crushed rock.

[0039] Its design has significant beneficial effects, and can greatly improve the crushing and grinding efficiency of shield machines under complex geological conditions. Through the above technical solutions, many difficulties encountered by existing shield machines during excavation are overcome. First, the device combines the functions of the roller cutter and the grinding block 12 through an innovative cutter head structure design, and adopts a combination of double roller cutters 21 and a single roller cutter 22 to achieve multi-stage crushing and gradual grinding. This design greatly improves the primary and secondary crushing capacity of the cutter head for rocks, ensuring that the shield machine can still efficiently cut and crush rocks when encountering hard rocks, mixed formations and other complex conditions, reducing the problems of incomplete crushing and low efficiency that may occur under a single roller cutter structure.

[0040] Compared with the existing single cutter 22 design, the double cutter 21 structure has a stronger crushing ability, especially playing a key role in the initial crushing stage. The double-edged design of the double cutter 21 can exert uniform and symmetrical force on the rock during cutting, greatly reducing the stress concentration of the cutter and slowing down the wear of the cutter. It not only improves the crushing efficiency, but also extends the service life of the cutter, and reduces the downtime and maintenance costs caused by frequent wear of the cutter. In addition, the double cutter 21 is tightly connected to the double cutter holder 212 through a detachable connection, which makes it easy to replace the cutter, making maintenance and replacement faster and more efficient, and further reducing the risk of construction delays.

[0041] The addition of the single roller cutter 22 provides a more sophisticated secondary crushing function for the entire crushing system. After the initial crushing, the traditional shield machine usually does not further process the crushed fine rocks, resulting in different sizes of rock fragments, which not only affects the slag discharge, but also may accumulate on the excavation surface, increasing the workload of the roller cutter. In this device, the secondary crushing of the outer single roller cutter 22 can effectively control the size of the crushed stone and prevent the fragments from hindering the excavation process, thereby ensuring the excavation continuity and stability of the entire shield machine.

[0042] The cooperation between the grinding block 12 and the diverter knife 24 further improves the processing flow of rock fragments. The grinding blocks 12 are alternately arranged in the adjacent gaps of the roller cutter groove 11 to refine the crushed gravel, so that the rock can reach a smaller particle size before slag discharge. This grinding function effectively avoids the impact of excessively large gravel particles on the subsequent slag discharge system, and further reduces the workload of the roller cutter. The diverter knife 24 fully guides the gravel so that it can pass through the grinding block 12 smoothly, avoiding the gravel from being retained on the surface of the cutter disc and affecting the working efficiency of the cutter disc. In addition, the grinding balls 2421 on the diverter knife 24 grind the rock through collision. This multi-level processing design further refines the rock fragments, which not only speeds up the discharge speed of the gravel, but also improves the overall crushing and grinding efficiency of the shield machine.

[0043] Through this multi-stage crushing and grinding device, the shield machine can flexibly respond to different geological conditions, and can achieve efficient crushing and slag discharge whether it is hard rock excavation or soft soil excavation. Compared with traditional technologies, this device significantly improves excavation efficiency and reduces equipment wear rate and maintenance costs. Existing shield machines usually rely only on a single roller cutter for crushing, and are unable to finely process rock fragments, resulting in increased wear of the roller cutter, and the slag discharge system after crushing is easily obstructed by large-particle gravel, affecting the efficiency of excavation. Through the multi-stage crushing and grinding design of this device, the cutterhead can not only continue to maintain efficient operation, but also further grind the rock fragments to make the slag discharge process smoother, reducing the burden of the roller cutter repeatedly crushing large pieces of rock, thereby improving the overall excavation efficiency.

[0044] In addition, the multi-stage crushing and grinding in this design can effectively reduce the accumulation of gravel on the excavation face, allowing the cutter to contact the rock surface more smoothly, reducing unnecessary vibration and friction. This not only improves the cutting efficiency of the cutter, but also reduces the probability of damage to the cutter under complex geological conditions, extending its service life, not only improving the working efficiency of the shield machine, but also greatly reducing the frequency of maintenance and replacement of cutters, reducing the cost of later use.

[0045] In summary, the shield machine multi-stage crushing and grinding device realizes the integrated processing of crushing and grinding through the innovative combination design of double roller cutters 21, single roller cutter 22, grinding block 12 and diverter cutter 24, and solves the shortcomings of shield machines in the prior art in terms of tunneling efficiency and rock processing. It shows excellent performance under complex geological conditions and effectively improves the efficiency, reliability and economy of shield tunneling.

[0046] Embodiment 2

[0047] like Figure 4-11 As shown, based on the above embodiment, this embodiment further provides the following contents:

[0048] In this embodiment, the single hob 22 includes a hollow square cylindrical single blade seat 222 in which a flying saucer-shaped single blade head 221 is embedded, and an upper semicircular rotating cavity 2221 and a lower diamond groove 2222 are symmetrically left therein, and a single blade locking block 223 with complementary corners is symmetrically arranged in the diamond groove 2222, and an arc groove is opened diagonally, which forms an embedding position of the single blade head 221 with the semicircular rotating cavity 2221, and is used for limiting the rotation of the single blade head 221. A single blade groove 2231 is penetrated on the side of the single blade locking block 223, which is adapted to be clamped with a single blade protrusion 2241 corresponding to the single blade fastening block 224 clamped at the bottom, and is locked with a bolt through it, which is used for fastening and locking the single blade head 221.

[0049] The double blade fixing hole 2112 of the double blade head 211 is connected with the bolt at the bottom of the double blade fastening block 214 , and double blade locking blocks 213 with complementary corners are symmetrically filled therein to reduce the instantaneous displacement of the double blade head 211 .

[0050] Through the above technical solution, the efficiency of the shield machine in breaking rocks or hard soil layers during the excavation process is improved, and it has significant technical advantages. Its characteristics are that it adopts a hollow square cylinder-shaped single blade holder 222 embedded with a flying saucer-shaped single blade head 221, and combines it with an ingenious clamping limit structure, so that the single blade head 221 can maintain stability and flexibility during high-intensity excavation operations. Traditional shield machines often have a single blade structure design, which leads to fast blade wear, large displacement, and insufficient cutting force, thereby affecting excavation efficiency and increasing maintenance costs. In contrast, this design overcomes the above drawbacks by optimizing the blade head and blade holder structure.

[0051] First of all, the internal structure of the single-blade holder 222 is cleverly designed. By setting up the upper semicircular rotating cavity 2221 and splicing the semicircular rotating cavity 2221 formed by the lower single-blade locking block 223, the single blade head 221 can be firmly embedded. This combination can not only accurately clamp the blade head, but also effectively prevent its rotational deviation during operation. Compared with traditional technology, this design significantly reduces the loosening and displacement problems of the blade head, maintains the stable position of the blade head during the excavation process, and thus improves the cutting efficiency. In addition, the design of the single-blade locking block 223 also provides a further fixing effect for the blade head. Its arc groove structure works in synergy with the semicircular rotating cavity 2221 of the single-blade holder 222 to ensure that the rotation of the tool will not be limited under high-intensity operation, effectively avoiding the deviation phenomenon caused by uneven force on the tool.

[0052] Secondly, the design further enhances the fastening performance of the single blade head 221 through the cooperation of the single blade locking block 223 and the single blade fastening block 224. In traditional technology, the fixing of shield machine cutters often relies on simple bolt connections, which are difficult to withstand long-term and high-intensity excavation operations and are prone to loosening or even falling off. However, this design makes the cooperation between the single blade fastening block 224 and the single blade locking block 223 tighter through the splicing and clamping method. The through-locking of the bolt further enhances the stability of the cutter head, ensuring that it is not easy to loosen during long-term operation, greatly extending the service life of the cutter, reducing the downtime caused by frequent tool replacement, and thus improving the overall excavation efficiency.

[0053] In addition, the design of the double cutter head 211 is also very innovative. The double cutter fixing hole 2112 of the double cutter head 211 is bolted to the bottom of the double cutter fastening block 214, further enhancing the stability of the cutter head. The problem of instant displacement of the double cutter head 211 is effectively alleviated by the symmetrically arranged double cutter locking blocks 213. In the traditional double cutter structure, due to the lack of a restriction mechanism for the displacement of the cutter, the double cutter head 211 is prone to displacement during high-intensity operations, affecting the cutting efficiency. This design greatly reduces the displacement problem of the double cutter head 211 during operation through the symmetrical distribution of the locking blocks and the complementary structure of the corners, ensuring the stability of the double cutter head 211 during high-speed operation and improving the crushing efficiency.

[0054] In summary, the structural design of the single cutter 22 and the double cutter head 211 fully solves the problems of loosening, wear and displacement of traditional shield machine cutters during excavation operations, significantly improves the durability and stability of the cutters, and not only improves the working efficiency of the shield machine, reduces the frequency of cutter replacement, but also reduces maintenance costs, which has important technical significance for improving the overall excavation efficiency. Therefore, compared with the existing technology, the cutter structure shows significant advantages in the shield machine excavation process, providing a strong guarantee for efficient construction under complex geological conditions.

[0055] Embodiment 3

[0056] like Figure 6-9 As shown, based on the above embodiment, this embodiment further provides the following contents:

[0057] In this embodiment, a plurality of edge digging knives 23 are arranged on the edge of the grinding cutter disc 1, which includes an edge shock absorbing ring 232 with a teacup-shaped edge cutter head 231 embedded therein. An edge cutter seat 233 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the edge shock absorbing ring 232 and is fixed by a stabilizing groove 2331 of the edge cutter seat 233.

[0058] The top periphery of the edge cutter head 231 is provided with a turning groove 2311 for increasing the contact surface of the broken rock, and a hydraulic rod 2312 is connected to its bottom, so that the turning angle of the edge cutter head 231 can be changed according to different geological conditions to expand the excavation diameter.

[0059] The above technical solution has greatly improved the ability of the shield machine to achieve large-scale crushing during the excavation process, and has strong technical advantages. When a traditional shield machine is excavating, the layout and design of the cutter often focus on crushing the central area, while the treatment of the edge of the disc is relatively limited, resulting in a fixed excavation diameter and low crushing efficiency. Especially when facing complex geology, the cutter is difficult to cope with, and it is easy to produce excavation blind spots in the edge area, which in turn affects the overall efficiency. In contrast, the grinding cutter disc 1 overcomes these technical shortcomings through the optimized design of the edge digging cutter 23.

[0060] First, the design of the edge digging cutter 23 fully considers the balance between stability and crushing force. Its embedded teacup-shaped edge cutter head 231, supported by the edge shock-absorbing ring 232, can effectively absorb vibration when the cutter head is subjected to strong impact force, reduce the wear and fatigue of the cutter head, and enable the cutter to maintain a long service life when facing hard rock formations or complex geology, solving the problem of easy wear of traditional cutters, greatly reducing maintenance costs, and ensuring the stability of the shield machine during long-term continuous operation.

[0061] Secondly, the turning groove 2311 on the top of the edge cutter head 231 provides a larger crushing contact surface, so that the cutter can contact and crush more rocks during each rotation and cutting process, further improving the crushing capacity of the cutter. Compared with the smaller contact surface of traditional cutters, the design of the turning groove 2311 not only improves the crushing efficiency per unit time, but also provides stronger cutting force when dealing with harder rocks, effectively improving the excavation speed and efficiency.

[0062] In addition, the linkage flipping of the hydraulic rod 2312 and the edge cutter head 231 can flexibly adjust the flip angle of the cutter head according to geological conditions. When dealing with different geological environments, the excavation diameter can be expanded according to actual needs, and the adaptability of the cutter can be enhanced, thereby avoiding the limitations of the fixed angle of the cutter of the traditional shield machine. In relatively soft strata, the excavation range can be expanded by increasing the flip angle; while in harder strata, the flip angle can be reduced to ensure the concentration of cutting force and effective crushing, give full play to the excavation advantages of the cutter, and achieve an effective combination of stability, crushing force and flexibility. Compared with the shortcomings of insufficient cutter crushing force, limited contact area, and fixed cutter angle in traditional technologies, this structure significantly enhances the crushing ability of the shield machine under different geological conditions, especially in terms of excavation diameter and crushing efficiency, showing obvious advantages, which can effectively improve the overall efficiency of the excavation process and provide strong technical support for shield construction.

[0063] Embodiment 4

[0064] like Figure 2-12 As shown, based on the above embodiment, this embodiment further provides the following contents:

[0065] In this embodiment, the diverter knife 24 includes a diverter seat 241 embedded in the surface of the grinding cutter disc 1 and a diverter block 242 fixed thereon by bolts. The head of the diverter block 242 is stepped and evenly provided with polygonal raised guide blades 2422 for cutting and guiding the crushed rock.

[0066] The surface of the diverter block 242 is coated with a ceramic coating to slow down the wear rate.

[0067] The single cutter head 221 and the double cutter head 211 are made of high-strength alloy steel and are coated with tungsten carbide by plasma spraying to improve the fatigue resistance of the tunneling cutter head during long-term operation.

[0068] The grinding disc 1 is made of NM450 and is surface hardened.

[0069] Through the above technical solution, the device has outstanding performance in improving grinding effect and extending service life. After long-term operation, the grinding cutter head 1 of the traditional shield machine wears out the cutter quickly, resulting in reduced crushing efficiency. Frequent replacement of cutters also increases construction costs and time consumption. In contrast, the diverter cutter 24 solves these problems through multiple innovative designs.

[0070] First, the stepped diverter block 242 and the polygonal raised guide blade 2422 of the diverter knife 24 can effectively guide the crushed rock, thereby achieving more efficient cutting guidance. Traditional tools often lack a reasonable guide structure after crushing, resulting in the accumulation of crushed materials on the cutter disc, which not only affects the cutting efficiency, but may also cause additional wear on the cutter disc. The guide blade 2422 design of the diverter block 242 ensures that the rock debris can be discharged quickly, reduces the obstruction to the tool, and greatly improves the grinding efficiency.

[0071] Secondly, the ceramic coating applied on the surface of the diverter block 242 significantly enhances the wear resistance of the cutter. Compared with the metal surface of traditional cutters, the ceramic coating has extremely high hardness and wear resistance, which can effectively slow down the wear rate of the cutter during high-intensity tunneling operations and extend its service life. This design reduces the need for frequent replacement of cutters, reduces the maintenance cost of the shield machine, and improves the time and efficiency of continuous operation.

[0072] In addition, the high-strength alloy steel material used in the single blade head 221 and the double blade head 211, combined with the plasma sprayed tungsten carbide coating, greatly enhances the fatigue resistance of the tool during long-term operation. Traditional tools are prone to failure due to insufficient material strength or increased surface wear during long-term operation. By selecting high-strength materials and using advanced coating technology, it is ensured that the tool can still maintain stable performance under high pressure and high wear environment, effectively extending the service life of the tool.

[0073] Finally, the NM450 material used in the grinding cutterhead 1 has been surface hardened, which further enhances the overall wear resistance and impact resistance of the cutterhead, ensuring the reliability of the shield machine in high-intensity tunneling operations. Therefore, compared with traditional technologies, the combined design of the diverter cutter 24 and the grinding cutterhead 1 greatly improves the crushing and grinding capabilities of the shield machine, providing strong support for the high efficiency and low maintenance of the tunneling process.

[0074] The working principle and use process of the present invention:

[0075] First, when the shield machine starts excavation, the grinding cutter disc 1 carrying the crushing mechanism 2 begins to rotate, and the "M"-shaped cutter groove 11 on the cutter disc guides the double cutters 21 and the single cutter 22 to perform primary and secondary crushing respectively. The rock is initially crushed by the barbell-shaped double cutter head 211 in the center area of ​​the cutter disc. As the excavation progresses, the movable single cutter 22 arranged on its periphery begins to perform secondary crushing on the already broken rock simultaneously. When the rock fragments are further crushed, the diverter knife 24 on the surface of the cutter disc begins to cut and guide, and guides the crushed stone to the grinding block 12 through its embedded grinding balls 2421 and guide blades 2422. The colliding crushed stone is gradually ground through the rotation of the cutter disc, and the large pieces of crushed stone are further refined. At the same time, in the edge area of ​​the cutter disc, multiple edge digging knives 23 are responsible for further widening and compacting the edge area during the excavation process, and assist in completing the rock stratum crushing.

[0076] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage crushing and grinding device for a shield machine, comprising a grinding cutter disc (1) carrying a crushing mechanism (2) and a shield shell (3) sleeved thereon, characterized in that: The grinding cutter disc (1) is provided with a "M"-shaped roller cutter groove (11) on the disc surface, and a plurality of groups of double roller cutters (21) are tangentially clamped at the center thereof. The double roller cutters (21) include a double cutter seat (212) fixedly embedded with a barbell-shaped double cutter head (211). The double cutter head (211) is symmetrically provided with double blades (2111) with obliquely narrowed edges, which are used for preliminary rock crushing and are clamped with the bottom of the double cutter seat (212) through the double cutter fixing holes (2112) on both sides thereof. The double-knife fastening block (214) is detachably connected, and the outer periphery of the cutter groove (11) is provided with a plurality of groups of movable single cutters (22) for secondary crushing of rocks, and grinding blocks (12) are alternately arranged in an annular direction in adjacent gaps of the cutter groove (11), and a flow dividing knife (24) corresponding to the grinding block (12) is arranged on the end surface of the disk surface close to the grinding block (12), and a uniformly distributed grinding ball (2421) is buried on the top thereof for grinding and guiding the crushed rocks; The flow splitter (24) comprises a flow splitter seat (241) embedded in the surface of the grinding cutter disc (1) and a flow splitter block (242) fixed thereto by bolts; the head of the flow splitter block (242) is stepped and evenly provided with polygonal raised guide blades (2422) for guiding the cutting of crushed rocks; When the rock fragments are further broken, the diverter knife (24) on the surface of the cutter disc starts cutting and guiding, and guides the broken stones to flow toward the grinding block (12) through the grinding balls (2421) and guide blades (2422) embedded therein, and gradually grinds the collided broken stones through the rotation of the cutter disc, thereby further refining the large broken stones.

2. The multi-stage crushing and grinding device of a shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single hob (22) comprises a hollow square cylindrical single blade seat (222) in which a flying saucer-shaped single blade head (221) is embedded, wherein an upper semicircular rotating cavity (2221) and a lower rhombus groove (2222) are symmetrically left therein, and a single blade locking block (223) with complementary corners is symmetrically arranged in the rhombus groove (2222), wherein an arc groove is provided diagonally, and together with the semicircular rotating cavity (2221) forms an embedding position of the single blade head (221), and is used for limiting the rotation of the single blade head (221); a single blade groove (2231) is penetrated through the side surface of the single blade locking block (223), and is adapted to be clamped with a single blade protrusion (2241) corresponding to a single blade fastening block (224) clamped at the bottom, and a bolt is penetrated through the locking block (223) for fastening and locking the single blade head (221).

3. The multi-stage crushing and grinding device of a shield machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The double blade fixing hole (2112) of the double blade head (211) is connected to a bolt at the bottom of the double blade fastening block (214) through which a double blade locking block (213) with complementary corners is symmetrically arranged, so as to reduce the instantaneous displacement of the double blade head (211).

4. The multi-stage crushing and grinding device of a shield machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The grinding cutter disc (1) is provided with a plurality of edge digging knives (23) on the edge of the disc surface, and comprises an edge damping ring (232) with a teacup-shaped edge cutter head (231) embedded therein, and an edge cutter seat (233) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the edge damping ring (232) and is fixed by clamping through a stabilizing groove (2331) of the edge cutter seat (233).

5. The multi-stage crushing and grinding device of a shield machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top periphery of the edge cutter head (231) is provided with a turning groove (2311) for increasing the contact surface of the crushed rock, and a hydraulic rod (2312) is connected to the bottom thereof, so that the turning angle of the edge cutter head (231) can be changed according to different geological conditions, so as to expand the excavation diameter.

6. The multi-stage crushing and grinding device of a shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the diverter block (242) is coated with a ceramic coating to slow down the wear rate.

7. The multi-stage crushing and grinding device of a shield machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The single cutter head (221) and the double cutter head (211) are made of high-strength alloy steel and are coated with a tungsten carbide coating by plasma spraying, so as to improve the fatigue resistance of the tunneling cutter head during long-term operation.

8. A multi-stage crushing and grinding device for a shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The grinding blade (1) is made of NM450 and has been surface hardened.

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