Low-efficiency forest reconstruction operation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-efficiency forest transformation and operation method, and belongs to the technical field of low-efficiency forest operation, the transformation and operation method comprises the steps of forest preparation, density regulation and control, mixed forest building, later management and protection and the like, forest density is adjusted through forest preparation and intermediate cutting, sanitary conditions are improved, and appropriate habitat conditions are built for forest growth; then selecting proper indigenous arbors and shrubs for mixing to form a mixed forest with a complex structure and rich species, so as to improve the renewal capacity of the forest, promote the forward succession of low-efficiency forests and improve the ecological benefits of the forest; in the process, the prepared composite regulation and control fertilizer is cooperatively applied, and the composite regulation and control fertilizer can assist the saplings to safely live through the seedling recovery period and promote rooting, adsorb surrounding soil migration nutrients and fix the nutrients at the root systems of the saplings, so that the competitive capacity of the saplings for the soil nutrients in the forest is improved, the soil nutrients in the forest are efficiently utilized, and good growth of the saplings is ensured; the forest management benefit is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of low-efficiency forest management, and in particular to a low-efficiency forest transformation and management method. Background Art

[0002] An inefficient forest is a forest that is affected by human or natural factors, has an imbalanced stand structure and stability, sluggish tree growth and development, and system function degradation or loss, resulting in forest ecological functions, forest product output or biomass significantly lower than the average level of the same forest stands under similar site conditions, and does not meet cultivation objectives.

[0003] The Three Gorges Reservoir area is located in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River and is a key area for ecological and environmental protection in my country. The Three Gorges Reservoir area has complex geological features, poor surface soil, poor soil and water conservation capacity, and an inherently fragile ecological environment. Over the years, due to the rapid population growth and unreasonable economic behavior in this area, the ecological environment in this area has been damaged, forests have decreased, vegetation has declined, and soil and water have been lost. The overall quality of forest resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir area is not high, the productivity of some forest lands has declined, and the ecosystem service function is difficult to meet people's needs. Therefore, vigorously advocating the transformation of inefficient forests and creating mixed forests with complex structures, rich species, and diverse functions is of great significance to ensuring the ecological security of the reservoir area, improving the ecological benefits of forests in the reservoir area, and promoting the construction of ecological civilization. At present, the Three Gorges Reservoir area is mainly dominated by coniferous forests such as Masson pine, cypress, and fir. In the process of transformation and management of traditional inefficient forests, improper selection of mixed tree species, inappropriate mixed methods, poor forest nutrients, frequent pine wood nematode disease, etc., resulting in poor transformation and management benefits and poor tending costs, which seriously restrict the high-quality development of forestry in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to find an effective method to transform the inefficient forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, improve the forest stand structure, improve the forest stand quality and regeneration capacity, so as to improve the ecological benefits of the forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and promote the green barrier function of the forestry in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for the transformation and management of low-efficiency forests, by adjusting the density of low-efficiency forests and then planting suitable native tree species to form mixed forests, and applying compound regulating fertilizers to treat the planted seedlings, thereby improving the benefits of mixed planting while reducing afforestation costs, better promoting the recovery of low-efficiency forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and improving the forest ecological benefits of the reservoir area.

[0006] The present invention solves the above technical problems by the following technical means:

[0007] A method for transforming and managing an inefficient forest, the method being as follows:

[0008] (1) Forest maintenance: clearing vines from the middle layers of the forest, cutting weeds and shrubs in the weed-covered areas, and clearing diseased logs, damaged trees, old and weak trees, bent trees, and fallen trees in the forest;

[0009] (2) Density control: Use light felling to thin out areas with a canopy density of ≥ 0.8 to ensure that the target tree species are evenly distributed, and maintain a canopy density of 0.6-0.65 after thinning; replant the target tree species after thinning, and adjust the density of the target tree species to 80-100 trees / mu. Compound regulating fertilizers should be applied during replanting;

[0010] (3) Mixed forest construction: after thinning, planting companion tree species and shrub species to create mixed forests, and applying the compound regulating fertilizer in step (2) during planting;

[0011] (4) Post-care: One year after the planting of companion trees and shrubs, the lateral branches of the original trees should be pruned according to the growth of the newly planted trees, companion trees, and shrubs, so as to ensure a good growth environment for the trees in the forest. Subsequently, management operations such as pruning, weeding, watering, and pest and disease control should be carried out according to conventional methods.

[0012] Through reforestation, density control, mixed forest creation, and post-management steps, inefficient forests are transformed and managed. After removing diseased logs and old and weak trees in the forest, light felling is carried out and target tree species are replanted according to the canopy density to adjust the forest density, improve sanitary conditions, etc., to create an environment conducive to tree growth and improve the quality of the forest stand. Then, suitable native precious tree companion species and shrub species are planted to form a mixed forest with complex structure and rich species, improve the forest stand structure, increase biodiversity, and increase forest coverage, thereby achieving positive succession of the forest stand and achieving the goal of rapidly improving quality and efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, the companion tree species planted in step (3) are any one or two of Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus acutissima, Liquidambar formosana, Schima superba, Phoebe zhennan, Cinnamomum camphora, Liriodendron tulipifera, Pistacia chinensis, Michelia serrata, Sassafras chinensis, and Sapium sebiferum, and the density of the companion tree species in the forest after planting is 50-60 trees / mu.

[0014] Furthermore, the shrub species planted in step (3) are any one or two of Cotinus coggygria, Pyracantha fortuneana, Camellia oleifera, Eurya septempunctata, Linderae spp., Paulownia ovata, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Viburnum chinense, and the density of the shrubs in the forest after planting is 60-70 plants / acre.

[0015] Further, the composite regulating fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0016] Ammonium bicarbonate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, indolebutyric acid, humic acid, sodium alginate, acetanilide, diglycolic acid, 2wt% calcium chloride solution, sodium bentonite, glutathione, DL-isocitrate lactone, polyvinyl alcohol.

[0017] Further, the preparation method of the composite regulating fertilizer is as follows:

[0018] A: Add ammonium bicarbonate and zinc sulfate heptahydrate into water and dissolve them, then add indolebutyric acid and humic acid and stir to mix well to obtain rooting fertilizer;

[0019] B: adding sodium alginate into water to dissolve to prepare a 1wt% sodium alginate solution, adding acetanilide and diglycolic acid into the sodium alginate solution, stirring evenly, heating to 60-70°C to react for 10-20min, adding rooting fertilizer to mix evenly while maintaining constant temperature after the reaction is completed, adding 2wt% calcium chloride solution to stir and gel, cooling to room temperature, standing for 4-6h, and then drying, and granulating after drying to obtain rooting fertilizer slow-release particles;

[0020] C: Add sodium bentonite into water and stir to disperse, adjust the pH to 7.2-7.5, then add glutathione and DL-isocitrate lactone, heat to 50-60°C and stir to react for 20-40 minutes, cool to room temperature after the reaction is completed, and stand overnight to obtain a bentonite mixture; add polyvinyl alcohol to the bentonite mixture and mix thoroughly, then granulate in a granulator to obtain bentonite mixed particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm, and dry the bentonite mixed particles to obtain solid fertilizer particles; mix the rooting fertilizer slow-release particles and the solid fertilizer particles in a mass ratio of 1:1.5 to obtain a composite regulated fertilizer.

[0021] When carrying out management transformation of inefficient forests, the survival rate of newly planted seedlings is the key to ensuring management benefits. The soil layer in inefficient forests is thin and the fertility is low. The root activity of seedlings is low after planting. In addition, the roots will be damaged to varying degrees during the transplanting process, which reduces the root activity. This inhibits the water absorption, fertilizer absorption, and breathing functions of the seedlings' roots, and reduces the survival rate. Rooting agents are needed to promote root wound healing to ensure the survival rate. However, rooting agents are mostly used by root immersion, which takes a certain amount of time to dry and form a film after root immersion. In the process of creating mixed forests with low-efficiency forests, a large number of seedlings are transplanted, and the root immersion method greatly increases the labor and time costs. Therefore, sodium alginate is used to encapsulate the indolebutyric acid rooting agent, and humic acid is added to prepare it into rooting fertilizer slow-release particles. During the seedling transplanting process, it is applied to the planting hole. The rooting fertilizer slow-release particles quickly absorb water and expand to release the internal indolebutyric acid, which promotes the healing of the root wounds of the seedlings and improves the vitality of the root system, thereby improving the survival rate of the seedlings. At the same time, the highly active roots absorb nutrients in the rooting fertilizer slow-release particles and grow rapidly, improving the efficiency of afforestation management. In addition, the sodium alginate gel that encapsulates the rooting agent has strong water absorption and can absorb and retain the water for irrigation and slowly release it to the seedlings. It can reduce the frequency of watering while ensuring the water supply of the seedlings during the seedling acclimatization period, thereby reducing the cost of afforestation.

[0022] However, sodium alginate is easily degraded in the soil and has a short action time. Therefore, acetanilide is used to treat sodium alginate. By changing the molecular structure of sodium alginate, a more stable three-dimensional structure is formed during gelation, which enhances its stability in the soil and prolongs its action time. Diglycolic acid is also used to react with it to increase the water absorption strength of sodium alginate, better retain water, reduce watering frequency, and reduce afforestation costs.

[0023] When the rooting fertilizer slow-release particles are gradually degraded completely, the seedlings mainly rely on the decomposition of forest litter and other nutrients to grow. However, the nutrient content in the inefficient forest is low, and the newly planted seedlings have short roots and it is difficult for them to compete to absorb nutrients in the soil for growth. Therefore, the present invention also prepares root-fixing fertilizer particles and rooting fertilizer slow-release particles, which are mixed and applied to the roots of the seedlings. The root-fixing fertilizer can effectively absorb nutrients migrated from the surrounding soil and retain them at the roots of the seedlings, thereby increasing the nutrients available to the roots of the seedlings, ensuring nutrient supply, and promoting seedling growth. Specifically, the solid fertilizer granules are prepared by using bentonite as the main raw material, which is dispersed with water and then heated with glutathione and DL-isocitrate lactone for reaction, and then a binder polyvinyl alcohol is added to mix and granulated and dried. Glutathione increases the surface tension of bentonite particles to enhance their adhesion to nutrients in the soil, while DL-isocitrate lactone increases the distance between bentonite molecules by increasing the steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion between bentonite molecules, thereby preparing solid fertilizer granules with abundant pore channels. Furthermore, bentonite fully absorbs water and expands when left to stand overnight, and shrinks after drying, further increasing the abundant pores in the solid fertilizer granules. These abundant pores can fully absorb and retain nutrients that migrate to the root soil, thereby helping to enhance the nutrient competitiveness of seedlings for the soil in the forest, ensuring the good growth of newly planted seedlings, and better improving the benefits of forestry management.

[0024] The components in the compound regulating fertilizer work synergistically to provide a good microhabitat condition for the growth of seedlings, improve the survival rate of seedlings, promote the good growth of seedlings, thereby improving the efficiency of afforestation and reducing afforestation costs.

[0025] Furthermore, in step A, the mass ratio of ammonium bicarbonate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, indolebutyric acid and humic acid is (1-2): (0.3-0.6): (0.01-0.03): (5-9).

[0026] Furthermore, in step B, the mass ratio of the sodium alginate solution, acetanilide, diglycolic acid, rooting fertilizer, and 2wt% calcium chloride solution is (15-25): (0.05-0.1): (0.1-0.2): (10-20): (0.5-1).

[0027] Furthermore, in step C, the mass ratio of sodium bentonite to glutathione, DL-isocitrate lactone and polyvinyl alcohol is (10-18): (0.5-1.5): (0.25-0.75): (0.25-0.5).

[0028] Further, the compound regulating fertilizer application method is as follows:

[0029] Plant trees according to the hole planting method, stand the saplings vertically in the hole, then mix the compound regulating fertilizer with soil in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a regulating fertilizer-soil mixture, apply 1-3kg / hole to the hole, compact and fix the roots of the saplings, water thoroughly, backfill the soil until the hole is level and compact.

[0030] Beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The compound regulating fertilizer prepared by the present invention is applied when the seedlings are planted. The compound regulating fertilizer promotes the healing of root wounds of the seedlings and accelerates rooting, while continuously improving the vitality of the root system and providing sufficient nutrients for the growth of the seedlings, thereby improving the survival rate of the seedlings and enhancing the forestry efficiency. In addition, the compound regulating fertilizer can also effectively fix the nutrients that migrate in the forest to supply the seedlings, promote the competitive utilization of nutrients in the soil in the forest by the newly planted seedlings, and promote the good growth of the seedlings.

[0032] 2. The present invention forms a mixed multi-layer forest by replanting associated trees and shrubs after forest wholeing of the inefficient forest, thereby rationalizing the forest species structure, enhancing the forest stand renewal capacity, improving the forest stand's biodiversity, stress resistance, and stability, accelerating the positive succession of the inefficient forest in the reservoir area, and improving the ecological benefits of the forest in the reservoir area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 : This is a picture of the growth status of the low-efficiency cypress forest in Experiment 2 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 : This is a planting picture of the companion tree species Phoebe zhennan in Experiment Group 1 of Experiment 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0036] Example 1: Preparation of composite regulating fertilizer

[0037] A: Dissolve 1.5kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 0.5kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate in 10kg of water, then add 0.02kg of indolebutyric acid and 7kg of humic acid and mix well to obtain a rooting fertilizer.

[0038] B: Sodium alginate is added into water and dissolved to prepare 20 kg of 1 wt% sodium alginate solution, 0.08 kg of acetanilide and 0.15 kg of diglycolic acid are added into the sodium alginate solution, the mixture is stirred evenly and then heated to 65° C. for reaction for 15 min, after the reaction is completed, 15 kg of rooting fertilizer is added and mixed evenly at a constant temperature, 0.6 kg of 2 wt% calcium chloride solution is added and stirred to gel, the mixture is cooled to room temperature and allowed to stand for 5 h, and then dried at 45° C. to a moisture content of 10%, and then put into a granulator to prepare particles with a particle size of 0.5 cm to obtain rooting fertilizer slow-release particles;

[0039] C: Add 15kg of sodium bentonite into 45kg of water and stir to disperse, adjust the pH to 7.4, then add 1kg of glutathione and 0.5kg of DL-isocitrate lactone, heat to 55°C and stir to react for 30min, cool to room temperature after the reaction is completed, and stand overnight to obtain a bentonite mixture; add 0.4kg of polyvinyl alcohol to the bentonite mixture and mix well, then put it into a granulator to prepare bentonite mixed particles with a particle size of 2mm, and dry the bentonite mixed particles at 65°C to obtain solid fertilizer particles; mix the rooting fertilizer slow-release particles and the solid fertilizer particles in a mass ratio of 1:1.5 to obtain a composite regulating fertilizer.

[0040] Example 2: Preparation of composite regulating fertilizer II

[0041] A: Dissolve 1kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 0.3kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate in 6.5kg of water, then add 0.01kg of indolebutyric acid and 5kg of humic acid and mix well to obtain a rooting fertilizer.

[0042] B: Sodium alginate is added into water and dissolved to prepare 15 kg of 1 wt% sodium alginate solution, 0.05 kg of acetanilide and 0.1 kg of diglycolic acid are added into the sodium alginate solution, the mixture is stirred evenly and then heated to 60° C. for reaction for 10 min, after the reaction is completed, 10 kg of rooting fertilizer is added while maintaining constant temperature and mixed evenly, 0.5 kg of 2 wt% calcium chloride solution is added and stirred to gel, then cooled to room temperature and allowed to stand for 4 h and then dried at 45° C. to a moisture content of 10%, and then put into a granulator to prepare particles with a particle size of 0.5 cm to obtain rooting fertilizer slow-release particles;

[0043] C: Add 10kg of sodium bentonite into 30kg of water and stir to disperse, adjust the pH to 7.3, then add 0.5kg of glutathione and 0.25kg of DL-isocitrate lactone, heat to 50℃ and stir to react for 25min, cool to room temperature after the reaction is completed, and stand overnight to obtain a bentonite mixture; add 0.25kg of polyvinyl alcohol to the bentonite mixture and mix well, then put it into a granulator to prepare bentonite mixed particles with a particle size of 1.5mm, and dry the bentonite mixed particles at 65℃ to obtain solid fertilizer particles; mix the rooting fertilizer slow-release particles and the solid fertilizer particles in a mass ratio of 1:1.5 to obtain a composite regulating fertilizer.

[0044] Example 3: Preparation of composite regulating fertilizer

[0045] A: Dissolve 2kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 0.6kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate in 13kg of water, then add 0.03kg of indolebutyric acid and 9kg of humic acid and stir to mix well to obtain a rooting fertilizer;

[0046] B: Sodium alginate is added into water and dissolved to prepare 25 kg of 1 wt% sodium alginate solution, 0.1 kg of acetanilide and 0.2 kg of diglycolic acid are added into the sodium alginate solution, stirred evenly and then heated to 70° C. for reaction for 20 min, after the reaction is completed, 20 kg of rooting fertilizer is added while maintaining constant temperature and mixed evenly, 1 kg of 2 wt% calcium chloride solution is added and stirred to gel, then cooled to room temperature and allowed to stand for 6 h, then dried at 45° C. to a moisture content of 10%, and then put into a granulator to prepare particles with a particle size of 0.5 cm to obtain rooting fertilizer slow-release particles;

[0047] C: Add 18 kg of sodium bentonite into 54 kg of water and stir to disperse, adjust the pH to 7.5, then add 1.5 kg of glutathione and 0.75 kg of DL-isocitrate lactone, heat to 60 ° C and stir to react for 40 min, cool to room temperature after the reaction is completed, and stand overnight to obtain a bentonite mixture; add 0.5 kg of polyvinyl alcohol to the bentonite mixture and mix well, then put it into a granulator to prepare bentonite mixed particles with a particle size of 2 mm, and dry the bentonite mixed particles at 65 ° C to obtain solid fertilizer particles; mix the rooting fertilizer slow-release particles and the solid fertilizer particles in a mass ratio of 1:1.5 to obtain a composite regulating fertilizer.

[0048] Comparative Example 1: Preparation of composite regulated fertilizer

[0049] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that acetanilide is not added in step B when preparing the composite regulated fertilizer in Comparative Example 1, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0050] Comparative Example 2: Preparation of composite regulated fertilizer

[0051] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that diglycolic acid is not added in step B when preparing the composite regulated fertilizer in Comparative Example 2, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0052] Comparative Example 3: Preparation of compound regulated fertilizer

[0053] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that glutathione is not added in step C when preparing the composite regulated fertilizer in Comparative Example 3, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0054] Comparative Example 4: Preparation of compound regulated fertilizer

[0055] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that DL-isocitrate lactone is not added in step C when preparing the composite regulated fertilizer in Comparative Example 4, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0056] Comparative Example 5: Preparation of compound regulated fertilizer

[0057] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 5, the pH is adjusted to 6.8 in step C during the preparation of the composite regulated fertilizer.

[0058] Comparative Example 6: Preparation of compound regulated fertilizer

[0059] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 5, when preparing the composite regulated fertilizer, step C is stirred and reacted at room temperature and is not left to stand overnight, as shown below:

[0060] AB: Same as Example 1

[0061] C: Add 15 kg of sodium bentonite into 45 kg of water and stir to disperse, adjust the pH to 7.4, then add 1 kg of glutathione and 0.5 kg of DL-isocitrate lactone, and stir to react at room temperature of 25 ° C for 30 min to obtain a bentonite mixture; add 0.4 kg of polyvinyl alcohol into the bentonite mixture and mix well, then put it into a granulator to prepare bentonite mixed particles with a particle size of 2 mm, and dry the bentonite mixed particles at 65 ° C to obtain solid fertilizer particles; mix the rooting fertilizer slow-release particles and the solid fertilizer particles in a mass ratio of 1:1.5 to obtain a composite regulating fertilizer.

[0062] Experiment 1: Experiment on the effect of slow-release granules of rooting fertilizer

[0063] The effects of the rooting fertilizer slow-release particles prepared in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 were tested, and the experiment was divided into 4 groups: Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and blank control. The experimental method is as follows: 500g of the rooting fertilizer slow-release particles prepared in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 were respectively taken, and mixed evenly with the soil dug from a cypress forest in Wushan, Chongqing at a mass ratio of 1:2, and then put into a flower pot. No rooting agent was added to the blank control group, and all of the soil was put into the soil (i.e., a total of 1.5kg of soil was put in), and each was watered with 500g and placed indoors, and then the soil moisture content in each group of flower pots was measured on the 15th and 25th days, and the data obtained are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] According to the data analysis in Table 1:

[0068] After applying the rooting fertilizer slow-release granules in Example 1 of the present invention, the applied water can be effectively absorbed and retained. On the 15th and 25th days, the soil still maintains a high moisture content, indicating that the prepared rooting fertilizer slow-release granules have good water absorption effect and long action time. In actual application, the water required for seedling growth can be better guaranteed, and the action time is long, and the rooting agent and nutrients can be released for a long time, thereby promoting the survival of the seedlings and ensuring the good growth of the seedlings.

[0069] In Comparative Example 1, acetanilide was not added during the preparation of the rooting fertilizer slow-release granules, the sodium alginate gel had poor stability, and the degradation rate was faster than that of the sodium alginate gel in Example 1. Due to the increased degradation amount, its water retention capacity decreased, and the soil moisture content on the 15th and 25th days was lower than that in Example 1; in Comparative Example 2, diglycolic acid was not added during the preparation of the rooting fertilizer slow-release granules, and the water absorption performance was worse than that in Example 1, so the soil moisture content on the 15th and 25th days was lower than that in Example 1.

[0070] Experiment: Experiment on transformation and management of low-efficiency forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

[0071] 1. Experimental method: The low-efficiency cypress forest in Wushan County, Chongqing was transformed and managed, and the effect of the prepared compound regulating fertilizer was tested. Before the experiment, the forest efficiency in this area was low, so the low-efficiency cypress forest in this area was transformed and managed, and the efficacy of the compound regulating fertilizer was verified. The specific transformation and management methods are as follows:

[0072] (1) Forest maintenance: remove interlayer vines in low-efficiency cypress forests, cut weeds and shrubs in weedy and shrubby areas, and remove diseased logs, damaged trees, old and weak trees, bent trees, and fallen trees in the forest;

[0073] (2) Density control: Thinning was performed in areas with a canopy density of ≥ 0.8 by light felling to ensure uniform distribution of cypress trees. After thinning, the canopy density was maintained at 0.63. After thinning, cypress seedlings were replanted to adjust the density of cypress trees in the forest to 90 plants / mu. Compound regulating fertilizer was applied during replanting. Specifically, planting holes were first dug and the seedlings were placed vertically in the holes. Then, the compound regulating fertilizer and soil were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a regulating fertilizer-soil mixture. The mixture was applied in an amount of 2 kg / hole to the holes. The roots of the seedlings were compacted and fixed. After watering, the soil was backfilled until the holes were level and compacted.

[0074] (3) Mixed forest construction: after thinning, planting companion tree species Phoebe zhennan seedlings and shrub species Cotinus coggygria seedlings to construct a mixed forest, the density of Phoebe zhennan after planting is 50 plants / mu, and the density of Cotinus coggygria after planting is 60 plants / mu, and the planting is carried out according to the method in step (2) and the compound regulating fertilizer is applied;

[0075] (4) Post-management: One year after the planting of Phoebe zhennan and Cotinus coggygria seedlings, prune the lateral branches of the original cypress trees according to the growth of the newly planted cypress trees, Phoebe zhennan and Cotinus coggygria to ensure a good growth environment for the trees in the forest. Subsequently, conventional management operations such as pruning, weeding, watering, and pest and disease control are carried out.

[0076] 2. Experimental grouping: The experiment was divided into 8 groups: experimental group 1, control groups 1-6, and blank control group. The groups only used different compound regulating fertilizers. The cultivation methods were all transformed and operated according to the above method. Experimental group 1 used the compound regulating fertilizer prepared in Example 1; control groups 1-6 were respectively applied with the compound regulating fertilizers of comparative examples 1-6, and the blank control group was not applied with compound regulating fertilizers, and only backfilled with soil.

[0077] 3. Result detection: The survival rate of the Phoebe zhennan seedlings planted in each group was recorded, and the plant height growth was detected 1 year and 2 years after the Phoebe zhennan seedlings were planted. The data obtained are shown in Table 2.

[0078] Table 2

[0079]

[0080] According to the data analysis in Table 2:

[0081] (1) The survival rate of Phoebe zhennan seedlings in experimental group 1 was high, and the plant height increased well in the first and second years, indicating that the compound regulating fertilizer of the present invention can better ensure the survival rate of seedlings when planting in low-efficiency forests, improve the competitive utilization of seedlings for soil nutrients in the forest to ensure good growth, and has a good promoting effect on improving the efficiency of forestry management.

[0082] (2) The lack of raw materials in the compound regulated fertilizer of control group 1 and control group 2 reduced the effect of rooting slow-release fertilizer, resulting in a decrease in survival rate; in control group 3, glutathione was not added during the preparation of solid fertilizer granules, resulting in a decrease in the solid fertilizer effect of the solid fertilizer granules, a relative decrease in the nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by the roots of Phoebe zhennan seedlings, and a significant decrease in the growth of plant height; in control group 4, the raw material DL-isocitrate lactone was lacking during the preparation of solid fertilizer granules, and the pore structure of the prepared granules was relatively small, which affected the ability to adsorb and retain nutrients, and thus the growth of plant height was also significantly reduced; in the control group 5, the pH was adjusted to 6.8 during the preparation of solid fertilizer granules, and in control group 6, the solid fertilizer granules were stirred at room temperature and not left to stand overnight. The changes in pH and treatment time reduced the water absorption and expansion properties of bentonite, and thus the pore structure formed by the shrinkage of bentonite during drying was insufficient, which reduced the ability of solid fertilizer granules to adsorb and retain nutrients in the soil, and affected the growth of plant height.

[0083] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention. The techniques, shapes, and structural parts not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for transforming and managing an inefficient forest, characterized in that: The operating method is as follows: (1) Forest maintenance: clearing away vines, weeds, shrubs, diseased trees, damaged trees, old and weak trees, bent trees, and fallen trees in the forest; (2) Density control: Thinning is performed in areas with a canopy density of ≥0.8 by light felling, and the canopy density is maintained at 0.6-0.65 after thinning. After thinning, replant the target tree species and adjust the density of the target tree species to 80-100 trees / mu. Compound regulating fertilizer should be applied during replanting. (3) Mixed forest construction: after thinning, planting companion tree species and shrub species to create mixed forests, and applying the compound regulating fertilizer in step (2) during planting; (4) Post-cultivation care: One year after the planting of companion trees and shrubs, prune the lateral branches of the original target trees according to the growth of the newly planted target trees, companion trees, and shrubs, and then carry out maintenance according to conventional methods.

2. The low-efficiency forest transformation and management method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The associated tree species planted in step (3) are any one or two of Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus acutissima, Liquidambar formosana, Schima superba, Phoebe zhennan, Cinnamomum camphora, Liriodendron tulipifera, Pistacia chinensis, Michelia serrata, Sassafras chinensis, and Sapium sebiferum. After planting, the density of the associated tree species in the forest is 50-60 plants / mu.

3. The low-efficiency forest transformation and management method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The shrub species planted in step (3) are any one or two of Cotinus coggygria, Pyracantha fortuneana, Camellia oleifera, Eurya spatholobi, Linderae sphaerocephala, Tung oil tree, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Viburnum chinense. After planting, the shrub density in the forest is 60-70 plants / mu.

4. The low-efficiency forest transformation and management method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The composite regulating fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: Ammonium bicarbonate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, indolebutyric acid, humic acid, sodium alginate, acetanilide, diglycolic acid, 2wt% calcium chloride solution, sodium bentonite, glutathione, DL-isocitrate lactone, polyvinyl alcohol.

5. The low-efficiency forest transformation and management method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The preparation method of the composite regulating fertilizer is as follows: A: Add ammonium bicarbonate and zinc sulfate heptahydrate into water and dissolve them, then add indolebutyric acid and humic acid and stir to mix well to obtain rooting fertilizer; B: adding sodium alginate into water to dissolve to prepare a 1wt% sodium alginate solution, adding acetanilide and diglycolic acid into the sodium alginate solution, stirring evenly, heating to 60-70°C to react for 10-20min, adding rooting fertilizer to mix evenly while maintaining constant temperature after the reaction is completed, adding 2wt% calcium chloride solution to stir and gel, cooling to room temperature, standing for 4-6h, and then drying, and granulating after drying to obtain rooting fertilizer slow-release particles; C: Add sodium bentonite into water and stir to disperse, adjust the pH to 7.2-7.5, then add glutathione and DL-isocitrate lactone, heat to 50-60°C and stir to react for 20-40 minutes, cool to room temperature after the reaction is completed, and stand overnight to obtain a bentonite mixture; add polyvinyl alcohol to the bentonite mixture and mix thoroughly, then granulate to obtain bentonite mixed particles, dry the bentonite mixed particles to obtain solid fertilizer particles; mix the rooting fertilizer slow-release particles and the solid fertilizer particles in a mass ratio of 1:1.5 to obtain a composite regulated fertilizer.

6. The low-efficiency forest transformation and management method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The mass ratio of ammonium bicarbonate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, indolebutyric acid and humic acid in step A is (1-2): (0.3-0.6): (0.01-0.03): (5-9).

7. The low-efficiency forest transformation and management method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In the step B, the mass ratio of the sodium alginate solution, acetanilide, diglycolic acid, rooting fertilizer, and 2wt% calcium chloride solution is (15-25): (0.05-0.1): (0.1-0.2): (10-20): (0.5-1).

8. The low-efficiency forest transformation and management method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In the step C, the mass ratio of sodium bentonite to glutathione, DL-isocitrate lactone and polyvinyl alcohol is (10-18): (0.5-1.5): (0.25-0.75): (0.25-0.5).

9. The low-efficiency forest transformation and management method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The compound regulating fertilizer application method is as follows: Plant trees according to the hole planting method, stand the saplings vertically in the hole, then mix the compound regulating fertilizer with soil in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a regulating fertilizer-soil mixture, apply 1-3kg / hole to the hole, compact and fix the roots of the saplings, water thoroughly, backfill the soil until the hole is level and compact.

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