Multi-stage energy dissipation and seismic mitigation bridge support structure

Abstract

The invention provides a multistage energy dissipation and shock absorption bridge support structure which comprises an upper support, a middle support, a lower support, a limiting assembly and a plane friction assembly, the middle support is located between the upper support and the lower support, the plane friction assembly is located on the lower support, the limiting assembly is arranged on the plane friction assembly and makes contact with the upper support, and the plane friction assembly is located on the lower support. The limiting assembly comprises a limiting plate, a shearing bolt and a shearing pin, and the shearing bolt and the shearing pin sequentially penetrate through the limiting plate and the plane friction assembly and extend to the lower support. According to the support structure, during medium and small earthquakes, primary shock absorption and energy consumption are achieved through the shearing process of the shearing bolts and the shearing pins; when a great earthquake occurs, after the shearing bolt and the shearing pin are sheared off, burrs at the shearing connector of the shearing pin and the shearing bolt rub the plane friction assembly, the friction coefficient of the plane friction assembly is increased, the energy dissipation capacity is improved, and the second-stage damping energy dissipation effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge seismic reduction and isolation, and in particular to a multi-stage energy dissipation and shock absorption bridge support structure and an energy dissipation method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of bridge seismic design technology, more and more bridges need to adopt seismic isolation design solutions. At present, common seismic isolation products include lead rubber bearings, high damping rubber bearings, friction pendulum bearings, and energy-absorbing bearings with metal damping devices. Lead core bearings and high damping rubber bearings have the disadvantages of low initial stiffness, small seismic displacement, and poor durability, and are rarely used in important bridges; bearings with metal damping energy dissipation have large initial stiffness and excellent energy dissipation, but after the earthquake, the metal damping device undergoes obvious elastic deformation and cannot be automatically reset; friction pendulum bearings have good shock absorption and seismic isolation functions, and have self-recovery function after the earthquake. It is an ideal bridge seismic product, but because the friction pendulum bearing has a small friction coefficient and limited energy dissipation capacity, it is difficult to control the displacement of the bridge after the earthquake in high-intensity areas. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a multi-stage energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing bridge bearing structure and energy dissipation method, so as to solve the problem that the bearings used in the prior art bridges are mostly designed as a single-stage shock-absorbing structure with limited energy dissipation capacity. Once damaged under earthquake conditions, the shock-absorbing function of the bearing will immediately fail, greatly increasing the risk of damage to the bridge structure.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0005] A multi-stage energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing bridge bearing structure includes an upper bearing, a middle bearing, a lower bearing, a limit assembly, and a plane friction assembly. The middle bearing is located between the upper bearing and the lower bearing, the plane friction assembly is located on the lower bearing, the limit assembly is arranged on the plane friction assembly, and the limit assembly is in contact with the upper bearing. The limit assembly includes a limit plate, a shear bolt and a shear pin. The shear bolt and the shear pin pass through the limit plate and the plane friction assembly in sequence and extend to the lower bearing.

[0006] The design of the support structure of the present invention can further consume earthquake energy and reduce the impact of earthquakes on bridges through the shearing process of shear bolts and shear pins during small and medium earthquakes, thus achieving primary shock absorption and energy consumption. During a large earthquake, after the shear bolts and shear pins are sheared, when the support structure undergoes plane sliding, the burrs at the shearing interface of the shear pins and shear bolts rub against the plane friction component, increasing the friction coefficient of the plane friction component and improving the energy consumption capacity, thus achieving secondary shock absorption and energy consumption effects: the multi-stage energy consumption mechanism fully plays a role, consuming a large amount of earthquake energy through various methods such as friction of the plane friction component, shearing of the shear bolts, and sliding between the limit plate and the upper support, thus protecting the main structure of the bridge from serious damage. When the limit component is sheared, after an earthquake occurs, it only needs to be replaced and can be used here, which is simple to operate and has strong feasibility.

[0007] Furthermore, the limit plate includes a first cube and a second cube, the first cube is connected to the second cube, the first cube contacts the upper support, the upper surface of the first cube is higher than the upper surface of the second cube, and the upper surface of the first cube is lower than the upper surface of the upper support. This arrangement not only increases the contact area between the upper support and the limit plate, provides a certain fiber support to the support, but also enables the burrs of the shear bolts and shear pins to rub against the plane friction component to improve the energy dissipation capacity.

[0008] Further, the first cube is provided with a first through hole, the shear bolt is arranged in the first through hole, and the second cube is provided with a second through hole, the shear pin is arranged in the second through hole.

[0009] Furthermore, the shear bolt is provided with a first circular groove, and the shear pin is provided with a second circular groove, and both the first circular groove and the second circular groove are annular structures.

[0010] Furthermore, the height of the first circular groove is higher than that of the second circular groove, and the heights of the first circular groove and the second circular groove are both smaller than or equal to the height of the planar friction component.

[0011] The arrangement enables the shear bolts and shear pins to break in sequence, and at the same time, the broken burrs can enter the flat friction component.

[0012] Further, the first center line of the first circular groove divides the shear bolt into a first section and a second section, the first section is inserted into the limit plate and partially located on the lower support, the second section is inserted into the lower support, and the second center line of the second circular groove divides the shear pin into a third section and a fourth section, the third section is inserted into the limit plate and partially located on the lower support, and the fourth section is inserted into the lower support.

[0013] This setting is required to ensure the connection strength of the shear bolts and shear pins when no earthquake occurs, and at the same time ensure that the shear bolts and shear pins break at the corresponding circular grooves when an earthquake occurs, and the burrs formed rub against the plane friction components to achieve shock absorption and energy dissipation.

[0014] Furthermore, the planar friction assembly includes a central slide plate and an annular slide plate. The annular slide plate is located at the periphery of the central slide plate, and there is a certain interval between the annular slide plate and the central slide plate.

[0015] The central slide and the annular slide in this setting can slide relative to the flat stainless steel slide, converting the seismic energy into heat energy and dissipating it through friction; at the same time, when a large earthquake occurs, the burrs enter between the central slide and the annular slide, participating more in friction energy dissipation.

[0016] Furthermore, a guide friction assembly is provided between the limit assembly and the upper support, and the guide friction assembly is located between the limit plate and the upper support.

[0017] This arrangement provides a strong guarantee for the seismic safety of the support structure through the guide friction assembly arranged between the limit assembly and the upper support, through the effects of friction energy consumption, displacement control, stability improvement, applicability and flexibility.

[0018] Furthermore, the guide friction assembly includes a guide non-metallic slide plate and a guide stainless steel slide plate, the guide non-metallic slide plate is connected to the upper support, and the guide stainless steel slide plate is connected to the limit plate.

[0019] Furthermore, a groove is provided at one end of the middle support away from the upper support, and the planar friction component is partially provided in the groove.

[0020] This setting provides a limit for the flat friction component.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the multi-stage energy dissipation and shock absorption bridge support structure described in the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] (1) The present invention adopts a graded shock absorption design concept. When a medium or small earthquake occurs, the shearing process of the shear bolts and shear pins can further consume earthquake energy, reduce the impact of the earthquake on the bridge, and achieve primary shock absorption and energy consumption. When a large earthquake occurs, after the shear bolts and shear pins are sheared, when the bearing structure undergoes planar sliding, the "burrs" at the shear interface of the shear pins and shear bolts rub against the flat non-metallic slide plate, and the friction coefficient of the flat non-metallic slide plate increases, thereby improving the energy consumption capacity and achieving secondary shock absorption and energy consumption. The present invention solves the problem of insufficient energy consumption capacity of traditional spherical steel bearings under earthquake conditions, and can effectively solve the design problems of bridges with high intensity and long site periods.

[0023] (2) The present invention provides circular grooves on the shear bolts and the shear pins to facilitate the generation of burrs when the shear bolts are sheared, and can be combined with a plane friction component to dissipate energy during a major earthquake. The present invention uses the method of "sacrificing" some parts to improve the energy dissipation capacity and earthquake resistance of the structure. After an earthquake, only some parts need to be replaced to restore the working state of the structure, which is economical. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a horizontal hysteresis curve diagram of the multi-stage energy dissipation and shock absorption bridge bearing structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A partial cross-sectional view of a multi-stage energy dissipation and shock absorption bridge support structure according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a partial cross-sectional view of a planar friction assembly according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the limit assembly of Example 1 of the present invention installed on the lower support;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting assembly of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the shear pins of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 for Figure 6 An enlarged view of part a;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the shear bolts of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0032] Fig. 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first circular groove of Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second circular groove of Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cylindrical spacer structure in which the middle support is a cylindrical spacer structure in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.12 A partial cross-sectional view of a multi-stage energy dissipation and shock absorption bridge support structure according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.13 for Fig.12 Enlarged view of part b;

[0037] Fig.14 It is a cross-sectional view of the limit assembly of Example 2 of the present invention installed on the lower support;

[0038] Fig.15 This is a schematic structural diagram of a flat stainless steel skateboard provided with a boss according to Example 2 of the present invention.

[0039] Description of reference numerals:

[0040] 1-upper support, 2-middle support, 3-lower support, 31-boss, 4-limiting assembly, 41-limiting plate, 411-first cube, 412-second cube, 413-first through hole, 414-second through hole, 42-shear bolt, 421-first circular groove, 422-first section, 423-second section, 43-shear pin, 431-second circular groove, 4311-second center line, 432-third section, 433-fourth section, 5-support center line, 6-plane friction assembly, 61-center slide, 62-first annular slide, 63-second annular slide, 64-plane stainless steel slide, 65-plane non-metallic slide, 7-guide friction assembly, 71-guide non-metallic slide, 72-guide stainless steel slide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figures 2 to 11 As shown, the present invention proposes a multi-stage energy dissipation and shock absorption bridge bearing structure, the multi-stage energy dissipation is two-stage, the type of the structure is fixed type, including an upper bearing 1, a middle bearing 2, a lower bearing 3, a limit assembly 4, and a plane friction assembly 6, the middle bearing 2 is located between the upper bearing 1 and the lower bearing 3, the plane friction assembly 6 is located on the lower bearing 3, the limit assembly 4 is arranged on the plane friction assembly 6, and the limit assembly 4 is in contact with the upper bearing 1; the limit assembly 4 can be provided in plurality, preferably, the limit assembly 4 is provided in four, and any two opposite limit assemblies 4 are symmetrically arranged about the bearing center line 5; the limit assembly 4 includes a limit plate 41, a shear bolt 42 and a shear pin 43, the shear bolt 42 and the shear pin 43 pass through the limit plate 41 and the plane friction assembly 6 in sequence and extend to the lower bearing 3.

[0044] The design of the support structure of the present invention can further consume earthquake energy and reduce the impact of earthquakes on bridges through the shearing process of shear bolts and shear pins during medium and small earthquakes, thus achieving primary shock absorption and energy consumption. During a large earthquake, after the shear bolts and shear pins are sheared, when the support undergoes plane sliding, the burrs at the shearing interface of the shear pins and shear bolts rub against the plane friction component, increasing the friction coefficient of the plane friction component and improving the energy consumption capacity, thus achieving secondary shock absorption and energy consumption effect: the multi-stage energy consumption mechanism fully plays a role, consuming a large amount of earthquake energy through various methods such as friction of the plane friction component, shearing of the shear bolts, and sliding between the limit plate and the upper support, thus protecting the main structure of the bridge from serious damage. When the limit component is sheared, after an earthquake occurs, it only needs to be replaced and can be used here, which is simple to operate and has strong feasibility.

[0045] More specifically, the limit plate 41 is an integrated structure, and the limit plate 41 includes a first cube 411 and a second cube 412. The first cube 411 is connected to the second cube 412, and the first cube 411 is in contact with the upper support 1. The upper surface of the first cube 411 is higher than the upper surface of the second cube 412, and the upper surface of the first cube 411 is lower than the upper surface of the upper support. This setting is required to ensure that the shear bolts and shear pins are firmly connected to the limit plate, and the burrs of the shear bolts and shear pins can rub against the flat friction component to improve the energy dissipation capacity.

[0046] More specifically, the first cube 411 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 413, the shear bolts 42 are arranged in the first through holes, the second cube is provided with a plurality of second through holes 414, the shear pins are arranged in the second through holes, and the number and size of the first through holes and the second through holes are consistent with the number of shear bolts and shear pins.

[0047] Specifically, the height of the first cube is H1, the height of the lower support and the flat stainless steel slide plate 64 is H2, the height of the shear bolt is less than H1+H2, and a first circular groove 421 is provided on the shear bolt 42. The first circular groove is an annular structure, and the position of the first circular groove is set according to the heights of the first cube, the lower support, and the flat stainless steel slide plate, wherein the first center line of the first circular groove divides the shear bolt into a first section 422 and a second section 423, and the first center line is the horizontal center line of the first circular groove, the first section 422 is inserted into the first cube and partially located on the lower support, and the second section is inserted into the lower support. Preferably, the first circular groove is close to the middle position of the lower support.

[0048] More specifically, the length of the first section 422 is L1, and the length of the second section 423 is L2, wherein L2=0.3-0.5(H1+H2), and L1=0.5-0.7(H1+H2).

[0049] More specifically, the cross section of the first circular groove is a semicircular structure, and the diameter of the semicircular structure is D1. Figure 8 As shown, the shear bolt diameter is D2, then the circular groove diameter D1 = 0.15 ~ 0.2D2.

[0050] Specifically, the height of the second cube is H3, the height of the lower support and the flat stainless steel slide plate 64 is H2, the length of the shear pin is H2+H3, the shear pin is provided with a second circular groove 431, the second circular groove is an annular structure, the position of the second circular groove is set according to the height of the second cube, the lower support and the flat stainless steel slide plate, wherein the second center line of the second circular groove divides the shear pin into a third section 432 and a fourth section 433, the third section is inserted into the second cube and partially located on the lower support, and the fourth section is inserted into the lower support.

[0051] More specifically, the length of the third section 432 is L3, and the length of the fourth section 433 is L4, wherein L4=0.3-0.5(H2+H3), and L3=0.5-0.7(H2+H3).

[0052] More specifically, the cross section of the second circular groove 431 is a semicircular structure, the diameter of the semicircular structure is D3, wherein the diameter of the shear pin is D4, and D3=0.15-0.2D4.

[0053] Specifically, the heights of the first circular groove and the second circular groove are both less than or equal to the height of the uneven stainless steel slide plate. Preferably, the height of the first circular groove is higher than the height of the second circular groove, and the first circular groove and the second circular groove have the same diameter.

[0054] Specifically, a guide friction assembly 7 is provided between the limit plate and the upper support, and the guide friction assembly 7 can prevent "hard contact" between steel materials after the support structure rotates, thereby preventing stress concentration from occurring at the contact portion between the limit assembly and the upper support in the structure.

[0055] More specifically, the guide friction assembly 7 includes a guide non-metallic slide plate 71 and a guide stainless steel slide plate 72 . The guide non-metallic slide plate 71 is connected to the upper support 1 , and the guide stainless steel slide plate 72 is on the limit plate 41 .

[0056] More specifically, the guiding non-metallic slide plate 71 is connected to the end of the upper support, and the guiding stainless steel slide plate 72 is connected to the first cube 411 .

[0057] Specifically, the middle support is a hemispherical or cylindrical seismic isolation structure. When the middle support is a cylindrical seismic isolation structure, the upper surface of the cylindrical seismic isolation structure contacts the upper support, and the lower surface of the middle support slides in a plane with the lower support.

[0058] More specifically, when the middle support is a cylindrical spacer structure, Fig.11 As shown, the upper end surface of the middle support is a spherical surface, and the lower end surface of the middle support is a hyperbolic surface. When an earthquake occurs, the support can swing back and forth, increase the displacement, increase the vibration period, and cooperate with the plane friction component to achieve shock absorption and energy consumption.

[0059] More specifically, the contact surface between the upper end surface of the middle support and the upper support is a spherical surface, and the lower surface of the upper support of the support structure and the upper spherical surface of the middle support form a rotating mechanism, which can realize the normal rotation function of the energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing structure; the lower end surface of the middle support is provided with a groove, and the flat stainless steel skateboard is arranged in the groove, and the flat stainless steel skateboard is connected to the middle support by a connecting member, and the connecting member is preferably a bolt.

[0060] Specifically, the planar friction assembly 6 includes a central skateboard 61, an annular skateboard, and a planar stainless steel skateboard 64. The annular skateboard is located at the periphery of the central skateboard, and there is a certain interval between the annular skateboard and the central skateboard. The central skateboard and the annular skateboard are both located on the planar stainless steel skateboard. The limit plate is arranged on the planar stainless steel skateboard. The planar stainless steel skateboard is an integrated circular structure. The shear bolt and the shear pin pass through the limit plate, the planar stainless steel skateboard, and the lower support in sequence. Multiple annular skateboards can be provided, and there is a certain interval between the annular skateboard and the central skateboard. The central skateboard 61 is located at the center of the planar friction assembly 6, and the annular skateboard is located at the periphery of the central skateboard and close to the end position of the middle support.

[0061] Preferably, the plurality of annular slides include a first annular slide 62 and a second annular slide 63, and the first annular slide and the second annular slide have a certain interval; under earthquake conditions, the annular non-metallic slides play a shock-absorbing and energy-dissipating role from the outer ring to the inner ring.

[0062] Specifically, the grooves on the lower end surface of the middle support include a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove. The shapes of the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove are designed according to the center slide plate, the first annular slide plate, and the second annular slide plate. The center slide plate is located in the first groove, the first annular slide plate is located in the second groove, and the second annular slide plate is located in the third groove. The center slide plate, the first annular slide plate, and the second annular slide plate are all flat non-metallic slide plates. The center slide plate, the first annular slide plate, and the second annular slide plate are all connected to the middle support through connecting parts to improve their firmness. The connecting parts are preferably bolts.

[0063] More specifically, the depths of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove are the same and are smaller than the heights of the central slide plate, the first annular slide plate and the second annular slide plate.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] like Figures 5 to 15 As shown, the present invention proposes a multi-stage energy dissipation and shock absorption bridge bearing structure, the multi-stage energy dissipation is two-stage, the type of the structure is a unidirectional movable type, including an upper bearing 1, a middle bearing 2, a lower bearing 3, a limit assembly 4, and a plane friction assembly 6, the middle bearing 2 is located between the upper bearing 1 and the lower bearing 3, the plane friction assembly is located on the lower bearing, the limit assembly is arranged on the plane friction assembly, and the limit assembly is in contact with the upper bearing; the limit assembly can be provided in plurality, preferably, the limit assembly is provided in four, and any two opposite limit assemblies 4 are symmetrically arranged about the bearing center line 5; the limit assembly includes a limit plate, a shear bolt and a shear pin, the shear bolt and the shear pin pass through the limit plate, the plane friction assembly in sequence and extend to the lower bearing.

[0066] More specifically, the limit plate 41 is an integrated structure, and the limit plate 41 includes a first cube 411 and a second cube 412. The first cube 411 is connected to the second cube 412, and the first cube is in contact with the upper support. The upper surface of the first cube 411 is higher than the upper surface of the second cube 412, and the upper surface of the first cube 411 is lower than the upper surface of the upper support 1.

[0067] More specifically, the first cube 411 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 413, the shear bolts are arranged in the first through holes, the second cube is provided with a plurality of second through holes 414, the shear pins are arranged in the second through holes, and the number and size of the first through holes and the second through holes are consistent with the number of shear bolts and shear pins.

[0068] Specifically, the planar friction assembly 6 includes a planar non-metallic skateboard 65 and a planar stainless steel skateboard 64. The planar non-metallic skateboard is an integrated structure, and the planar stainless steel skateboard is a square structure. The planar stainless steel skateboard is located on the lower support, and the planar non-metallic skateboard 65 is located on the planar stainless steel skateboard 64. Specifically, a groove is provided at the lower end of the middle support, and the planar non-metallic skateboard is located in the groove and is connected by a connecting piece, and the connecting piece is preferably a bolt.

[0069] Specifically, the lower support 3 is provided with a boss 31, the flat stainless steel slide plate is close to the boss, and the upper end surface of the flat stainless steel slide plate is lower than the upper end surface of the boss 31. In the case of small or medium earthquakes, the boss can provide certain support to the flat stainless steel slide plate, and in the case of a large earthquake, the shear burrs of the shear bolts and shear pins can rub against the flat non-metal slide plate, thereby achieving multi-level energy dissipation.

[0070] Specifically, a flat stainless steel plate (not shown in the figure) is disposed on the outer edge of the boss, and the flat stainless steel plate is symmetrically disposed about the flat stainless steel slide plate.

[0071] More specifically, the boss is arranged corresponding to the limit plate, the limit plate 41 is arranged on the boss 31, there are four bosses, and the four bosses are all square structures. The plane size of the boss is consistent with the size of the contact part of the limit assembly.

[0072] Specifically, the height of the first cube is H1, the height of the lower support and the boss is H2, the height of the shear bolt is less than H1+H2, and a first circular groove is provided on the shear bolt. The first circular groove is an annular structure, and the position of the first circular groove is set according to the height of the first cube, the lower support, and the flat stainless steel slide plate, wherein the first center line of the first circular groove divides the shear bolt into a first section 422 and a second section 423, and the first center line is the horizontal center line of the first circular groove, the first section 422 is inserted into the first cube and partially located on the lower support, and the second section is inserted into the lower support. Preferably, the first circular groove is close to the middle position of the lower support.

[0073] More specifically, the length of the first section 422 is L1, and the length of the second section 423 is L2, wherein L2=0.3-0.5(H1+H2), and L1=0.5-0.7(H1+H2).

[0074] More specifically, the cross section of the first circular groove is a semicircular structure, and the diameter of the semicircular structure is D1. Fig.13 As shown, the shear bolt diameter is D2, and the first circular groove diameter D1 = 0.15 ~ 0.2D2.

[0075] Specifically, the height of the second cube is H3, the height of the lower support and the boss is H2, the length of the shear pin is H2+H3, the shear pin is provided with a second circular groove 431, the second circular groove is an annular structure, the position of the second circular groove is set according to the height of the second cube, the lower support and the flat stainless steel slide plate, wherein the second center line 4311 of the second circular groove divides the shear pin into a third section 432 and a fourth section 433, the third section is inserted into the second cube and partially located on the lower support, and the fourth section is inserted into the lower support.

[0076] More specifically, the length of the third section 432 is L3, and the length of the fourth section 433 is L4, wherein L4=0.3-0.5(H2+H3), and L3=0.5-0.7(H2+H3).

[0077] More specifically, the cross section of the second circular groove 431 is a semicircular structure, the diameter of the semicircular structure is D1, wherein the diameter of the shear pin is D2, and D1=0.15-0.2D2.

[0078] Specifically, the heights of the first circular groove and the second circular groove are both less than or equal to the height of the uneven stainless steel slide plate. Preferably, the height of the first circular groove is higher than the height of the second circular groove, and the first circular groove and the second circular groove have the same diameter.

[0079] Specifically, a guide friction assembly 7 is provided between the limit assembly and the upper support, and the guide friction assembly is located between the limit plate and the upper support. The guide friction assembly 7 can prevent "hard contact" between steel materials after the support structure rotates, which may cause stress concentration at the contact point between the limit assembly and the upper support in the structure.

[0080] More specifically, the guide friction assembly 7 includes a guide non-metallic slide plate 71 and a guide stainless steel slide plate 72 . The guide non-metallic slide plate 71 is connected to the upper support 1 , and the guide stainless steel slide plate 72 is on the limit plate 41 .

[0081] More specifically, the guiding non-metallic slide plate 71 is connected to the end of the upper support 1 , and the guiding stainless steel slide plate 72 is connected to the first cube 411 .

[0082] Specifically, the middle support is a hemispherical or cylindrical seismic isolation structure. When the middle support is a cylindrical seismic isolation structure, the upper surface of the cylindrical seismic isolation structure contacts the upper support, and the lower surface of the middle support slides in a plane with the lower support.

[0083] More specifically, when the middle support is a cylindrical spacer structure, Fig.11 As shown, the upper end surface of the middle support is a spherical surface, and the lower end surface of the middle support is a hyperbolic surface. When an earthquake occurs, the support can swing back and forth, increase the displacement, increase the vibration period, and cooperate with the plane friction component to achieve shock absorption and energy consumption.

[0084] More specifically, the contact surface between the upper end surface of the middle support and the upper support is a spherical surface, and the lower surface of the upper support of the support structure and the upper spherical surface of the middle support form a rotating mechanism, which can realize the normal rotation function of the energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing structure.

[0085] Using the bearing structure of Examples 1 to 2, when the bearing slides in the design displacement range, the friction coefficient of the plane friction pair in the structure remains unchanged, and the horizontal hysteresis curve of the bearing is a "parallelogram"; under earthquake conditions, that is, when the bearing displacement exceeds the design displacement, the sliding friction coefficient of the plane friction component in the bearing structure continues to increase, the energy dissipation capacity continues to increase, the slope of the latter half of its horizontal hysteresis curve continues to increase, and the overall structural hysteresis curve is a "butterfly shape", such as Figure 1As shown, the bearing of the present invention, under normal working conditions, the structure can ensure the normal sliding of the bearing; during medium and small earthquakes, the limit assembly is partially sheared off, and the constraint on the sliding direction of the bearing is released, thereby realizing the first-level shock absorption and energy consumption of the structure; under large earthquake conditions, after the limit assembly is completely sheared off, "burrs" appear at the shearing parts of the shear pins and the shearing bolts, causing the non-metallic slide plate in the bearing to reciprocate with the "burrs" at the shearing parts of the shear pins and the bolts during sliding, and the roughness of the non-metallic slide plate continues to increase during sliding, that is, the friction coefficient of the non-metallic slide plate continues to increase, thereby realizing the second-level shock absorption and energy consumption of the structure.

[0086] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-stage energy dissipation and shock absorption bridge support structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises an upper support (1), a middle support (2), a lower support (3), a limit assembly (4), and a plane friction assembly (6); the middle support (2) is located between the upper support (1) and the lower support (3); the plane friction assembly (6) is located on the lower support (3); the limit assembly (4) is arranged on the plane friction assembly (6), and the limit assembly (4) is in contact with the upper support (1); the limit assembly (4) comprises a limit plate (41), a shear bolt (42), and a shear pin (43); the shear bolt (42) and the shear pin (43) pass through the limit plate (41) and the plane friction assembly (6) in sequence and extend to the lower support (3).

2. The support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting plate (41) comprises a first cube (411) and a second cube (412), the first cube (411) being connected to the second cube (412), the first cube (411) being in contact with the upper support (1), the upper surface of the first cube (411) being higher than the upper surface of the second cube (412), and the upper surface of the first cube (411) being lower than the upper surface of the upper support (1).

3. The support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first cube (411) is provided with a first through hole (413), and the shear bolt (42) is arranged in the first through hole (413); the second cube (412) is provided with a second through hole (414), and the shear pin (43) is arranged in the second through hole (414).

4. The support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shear bolt (42) is provided with a first circular groove (421), and the shear pin (43) is provided with a second circular groove (431), and both the first circular groove (421) and the second circular groove (431) are annular structures.

5. The support structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The height of the first circular groove (421) is higher than the height of the second circular groove (431), and the heights of the first circular groove (421) and the second circular groove (431) are both smaller than or equal to the height of the planar friction component (6).

6. The support structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first center line of the first circular groove (421) divides the shear bolt (42) into a first section (422) and a second section (423); the first section (422) is inserted into the limiting plate (41) and is partially located on the lower support (3); the second section (423) is inserted into the lower support (3); the second center line of the second circular groove (431) divides the shear pin (43) into a third section (432) and a fourth section (433); the third section (432) is inserted into the limiting plate (41) and is partially located on the lower support (3); the fourth section (433) is inserted into the lower support (3).

7. The support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planar friction assembly (6) comprises a central slide plate (61) and an annular slide plate. The annular slide plate is located at the periphery of the central slide plate (61), and there is a certain interval between the annular slide plate and the central slide plate (61).

8. The support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide friction assembly (7) is provided between the limit assembly (4) and the upper support (1); the guide friction assembly (7) is located between the limit plate (41) and the upper support (1).

9. The support structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The guide friction assembly (7) comprises a guide non-metallic slide plate (71) and a guide stainless steel slide plate (72); the guide non-metallic slide plate (71) is connected to the upper support (1), and the guide stainless steel slide plate (72) is connected to the limit plate (41).

10. The support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A groove is provided at one end of the middle support (2) away from the upper support (1), and a portion of the planar friction component (6) is disposed in the groove.

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