Control method and system of field grinding type atmospheric electric field instrument

Abstract

The invention provides a control method and system of a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument, and relates to the technical field of meteorological observation. The electric field induction probe captures each stage of thunder and lightning activity development by monitoring the change of an atmospheric electric field in real time, adjusts filtering parameters in real time through real-time environment and historical data, optimizes voltage signal quality, and is used for solving the problems that in the prior art, an electric field induction probe is low in sensitivity and stability, and the like. And the data processing and transmission efficiency is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of meteorological observation, and in particular to a control method and system of a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of science and technology, meteorological monitoring capabilities are constantly improving, and the demand for weather forecasting, meteorological monitoring and early warning capabilities for disastrous weather is increasing. Thunderstorms often cause serious disasters. Observing the real-time changes in the atmospheric electric field is conducive to in-depth research on the laws of lightning occurrence and early warning and forecasting technologies and methods, and promoting the development of lightning early warning and forecasting services and lightning protection technology services. However, the existing technology has certain shortcomings in the sensitivity and stability of electric field sensing probes, data processing and transmission, maintenance and calibration, and application scope. These shortcomings limit the application effect of existing technologies in the fields of lightning early warning, meteorological monitoring, etc. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the defects of the prior art described in the above background technology, the present invention proposes a control method and system for a field mill atmospheric electric field instrument, which should solve the problems existing in the prior art, and the technical solutions adopted are as follows:

[0004] A control method for a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument, the method comprising:

[0005] S1: The electric field sensing probe senses the change of the electric field in the atmosphere, obtains the electric field signal, and converts the electric field signal into a voltage signal. The filter parameters are adjusted in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data to optimize the quality of the voltage signal, and the optimized voltage signal is transmitted to the processing unit;

[0006] S2: The A / D conversion unit in the processing unit receives the optimized voltage signal, performs digital-to-analog conversion, converts the optimized voltage signal into a digital signal, and transmits the digital signal to the central processing unit in the processing unit, and the A / D conversion unit obtains the conversion rate and conversion accuracy, and dynamically adjusts the conversion rate and conversion accuracy according to the current change rate of the input voltage signal, so that the A / D conversion unit maintains a trade-off between the conversion rate and the conversion accuracy, and when the current change rate of the input voltage signal becomes larger, the A / D conversion unit gives priority to increasing the conversion rate, and when the current change rate of the input voltage signal becomes smaller, the A / D conversion unit reduces the conversion rate.

[0007] S3: The GPS clock in the processing unit marks the time and coordinates of each conversion process of the voltage signal to the digital signal, obtains the time scale information, and transmits the time scale information to the central processor;

[0008] S4: The central processing unit processes the received digital signal and the time stamp information to form atmospheric data, and transmits the atmospheric data to the storage device for storage.

[0009] Preferably, the S1 includes:

[0010] S11: The induction sheet in the electric field induction probe senses the initial voltage signal and amplifies it through the amplification processing unit to obtain an amplified voltage signal;

[0011] S12: The waveform adjustment unit performs waveform adjustment on the amplified voltage signal to form a voltage signal;

[0012] S13: During the waveform adjustment process, filter parameters are adjusted in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data to remove noise from the voltage signal and obtain an optimized voltage signal.

[0013] Preferably, S2 includes:

[0014] S21: amplifying the voltage signal, adjusting the voltage signal amplitude to a range suitable for A / D conversion, and at the same time, performing anti-aliasing filtering on the amplified voltage signal to prevent the signal from being affected by aliasing;

[0015] S22: by using a holding circuit, the instantaneous voltage value of the voltage signal is held before the signal is converted, and the sampled and held voltage signal is quantized and divided into discrete numerical levels, and a digital code is set for each numerical level;

[0016] S23: The quantized voltage signal is converted into a digital signal through the A / D conversion unit, the digital signal is sorted into a data format that can be directly processed by the central processing unit, and the processed digital signal is transmitted to the central processing unit.

[0017] Preferably, S3 includes:

[0018] S31: Before the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock performs time synchronization. Each time the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock assigns an accurate time mark to the conversion and simultaneously obtains the geographical location coordinates of the electric field meter;

[0019] S32: Combine the time stamp and the geographic location coordinates to form complete time stamp information, and transmit the time stamp information to the central processor.

[0020] Preferably, the S4 includes:

[0021] S41: The central processor receives the digital signal from the A / D conversion unit and the time stamp information from the GPS clock, integrates the digital signal with the time stamp information, and obtains a complete data set including the electric field strength, time stamp and geographic location;

[0022] S42: The central processor analyzes the data set and extracts relevant information about lightning activities, including the probability, intensity and direction of lightning occurrence;

[0023] S43: According to the analysis results, the central processing unit generates atmospheric data, which includes the real-time value of the electric field strength, the change trend, the lightning warning level and the warning time, and transmits the atmospheric data to the storage device for storage.

[0024] A control system for a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument, the system comprising:

[0025] Electric field sensing system: The electric field sensing probe senses the change of the electric field in the atmosphere, obtains the electric field signal, and converts the electric field signal into a voltage signal. The filter parameters are adjusted in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data to optimize the quality of the voltage signal, and the optimized voltage signal is transmitted to the processing unit;

[0026] A / D conversion system: The A / D conversion unit in the processing unit receives the optimized voltage signal and performs digital-to-analog conversion to convert the optimized voltage signal into a digital signal, and transmits the digital signal to the central processing unit in the processing unit, and the A / D conversion unit obtains the conversion rate and conversion accuracy, and dynamically adjusts the conversion rate and conversion accuracy according to the current change rate of the input voltage signal, so that the A / D conversion unit maintains a trade-off between the conversion rate and the conversion accuracy, and when the current change rate of the input voltage signal becomes larger, the A / D conversion unit gives priority to increasing the conversion rate, and when the current change rate of the input voltage signal becomes smaller, the A / D conversion unit reduces the conversion rate.

[0027] GPS clock system: The GPS clock in the processing unit marks the time and coordinates of each conversion process of the voltage signal to the digital signal, obtains the time scale information, and transmits the time scale information to the central processor;

[0028] Storage system: The central processing unit processes the received digital signal and the time stamp information to form atmospheric data, and transmits the atmospheric data to the storage device for storage.

[0029] Preferably, the electric field sensing system comprises:

[0030] Amplification processing unit system: The induction sheet in the electric field sensing probe senses the initial voltage signal and amplifies it through the amplification processing unit to obtain an amplified voltage signal;

[0031] Waveform adjustment system: The waveform adjustment unit performs waveform adjustment on the amplified voltage signal to form a voltage signal;

[0032] Waveform optimization system: During the waveform adjustment process, the filter parameters are adjusted in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data to remove noise from the voltage signal and obtain an optimized voltage signal.

[0033] Preferably, the A / D conversion system comprises:

[0034] Voltage signal amplification system: amplifies the voltage signal and adjusts the voltage signal amplitude to a range suitable for A / D conversion. At the same time, the amplified voltage signal is subjected to anti-aliasing filtering to prevent the signal from being affected by aliasing.

[0035] Adopting a holding system: By adopting a holding circuit, the instantaneous voltage value of the voltage signal is held before the signal conversion, and the sampled and held voltage signal is quantized and divided into discrete numerical levels, and a digital code is set for each numerical level;

[0036] Voltage signal conversion system: The quantized voltage signal is converted into a digital signal through the A / D conversion unit, and after the digital signal is sorted into a data format that can be directly processed by the central processing unit, the processed digital signal is transmitted to the central processing unit.

[0037] Preferably, the GPS clock system comprises:

[0038] Time and location information acquisition system: Before the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock performs time synchronization. Each time the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock assigns an accurate time mark to the conversion and obtains the geographical location coordinates of the electric field meter at the same time;

[0039] Combined system: combines the time stamp and geographic location coordinates to form complete time stamp information, and transmits the time stamp information to the central processor.

[0040] Preferably, the storage system comprises:

[0041] Integration system: The central processor receives the digital signal from the A / D conversion unit and the time stamp information from the GPS clock, integrates the digital signal with the time stamp information, and obtains a complete data set including electric field strength, time stamp and geographic location;

[0042] Data analysis system: The central processor analyzes the data set and extracts relevant information about lightning activity, including the probability, intensity and direction of lightning;

[0043] Atmospheric data generation and storage system: Based on the analysis results, the central processor generates atmospheric data, which includes the real-time value of the electric field strength, the change trend, the lightning warning level and the warning time, and transmits the atmospheric data to the storage device for storage.

[0044] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention can optimize the quality of voltage signals and reduce the impact of external interference on measurement results by adjusting the filtering parameters in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data. It is applicable to multiple fields such as meteorology, earthquake, and environmental protection, and provides the size and change status of the atmospheric background electric field strength for places that require uninterrupted continuous measurement. By real-time monitoring of the changes in the atmospheric electric field, each stage of the development of lightning activity can be captured, accurate lightning warning information can be provided, and measures can be taken in advance to ensure the safety of personnel and property. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 The invention discloses a control method for a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0047] One embodiment of the present invention provides a control method for a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument, the method comprising:

[0048] S1: The electric field sensing probe senses the change of the electric field in the atmosphere, obtains the electric field signal, and converts the electric field signal into a voltage signal. The filter parameters are adjusted in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data to optimize the quality of the voltage signal, and the optimized voltage signal is transmitted to the processing unit;

[0049] S2: The A / D conversion unit in the processing unit receives the optimized voltage signal, performs digital-to-analog conversion, converts the optimized voltage signal into a digital signal, and transmits the digital signal to the central processing unit in the processing unit, and the A / D conversion unit obtains the conversion rate and conversion accuracy, and dynamically adjusts the conversion rate and conversion accuracy according to the current change rate of the input voltage signal, so that the A / D conversion unit maintains a trade-off between the conversion rate and the conversion accuracy, and when the current change rate of the input voltage signal becomes larger, the A / D conversion unit gives priority to increasing the conversion rate, and when the current change rate of the input voltage signal becomes smaller, the A / D conversion unit reduces the conversion rate.

[0050] S3: The GPS clock in the processing unit marks the time and coordinates of each conversion process of the voltage signal to the digital signal, obtains the time scale information, and transmits the time scale information to the central processor;

[0051] S4: The central processing unit processes the received digital signal and the time stamp information to form atmospheric data, and transmits the atmospheric data to the storage device for storage.

[0052] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: the electric field sensing probe can sensitively sense the change of the electric field in the atmosphere. When the atmospheric electric field changes, the electric field sensing probe will capture this change and convert it into a voltage signal. In the process of converting the electric field signal into a voltage signal, the electric field sensing probe will adjust the filter parameters in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data. The optimized voltage signal will be transmitted to the A / D conversion unit in the processing unit. The A / D conversion unit is responsible for converting the voltage signal from analog form to digital form for subsequent digital signal processing. In the process of converting the voltage signal to the digital signal, the GPS clock in the processing unit will mark the time and coordinates of each conversion. The central processing unit receives the digital signal from the A / D conversion unit and the time scale information provided by the GPS clock. The central processing unit processes this information, including steps such as signal analysis, time synchronization, and data calibration, and finally forms atmospheric data. The processed atmospheric data will be transmitted to the storage device for storage. The electric field sensing probe of the field mill atmospheric electric field instrument is precisely designed and can sense the change of the electric field in the atmosphere with high sensitivity, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement results. By adjusting the filtering parameters in real time, the quality of the voltage signal can be optimized, noise and interference can be further reduced, and the measurement accuracy can be improved. The A / D conversion unit can accurately convert the optimized voltage signal into a digital signal, avoiding the distortion of the analog signal during transmission and processing. The GPS clock provides high-precision time and coordinate markings for each conversion process from voltage signal to digital signal, ensuring the traceability and accuracy of the data. The field mill atmospheric electric field instrument can adjust the filtering parameters in real time according to different atmospheric environments and historical data to adapt to the complex and changeable atmospheric environment. Due to its high precision and strong adaptability, the field mill atmospheric electric field instrument has broad application prospects in meteorological observation, lightning warning, environmental monitoring and other fields.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, the S1 includes:

[0054] S11: The induction sheet in the electric field induction probe senses the initial voltage signal and amplifies it through the amplification processing unit to obtain an amplified voltage signal;

[0055] S12: The waveform adjustment unit performs waveform adjustment on the amplified voltage signal to form a voltage signal;

[0056] S13: During the waveform adjustment process, filter parameters are adjusted in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data to remove noise from the voltage signal and obtain an optimized voltage signal.

[0057] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: when the atmospheric electric field changes, the induction sheet will capture this change and generate a corresponding initial voltage signal. The initial voltage signal is relatively weak and difficult to be directly used for subsequent digital signal processing. Therefore, it is necessary to amplify the initial voltage signal through an amplification processing unit to improve the amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of the signal. The amplified voltage signal has waveform distortion or does not meet the requirements of subsequent processing. Therefore, it is necessary to further adjust the amplified voltage signal through a waveform adjustment unit, including the shape, amplitude and phase of the waveform, to form a voltage signal that meets the requirements. The process of waveform adjustment is also a process of improving signal quality. By adjusting the various parameters of the waveform, the voltage signal can be made more stable, accurate and reliable. In the process of waveform adjustment, it is necessary to adjust the filter parameters in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data. By selecting appropriate filter parameters, high-frequency noise and low-frequency interference are filtered out to improve the purity and accuracy of the signal.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present invention, S2 includes:

[0059] S21: amplifying the voltage signal, adjusting the voltage signal amplitude to a range suitable for A / D conversion, and at the same time, performing anti-aliasing filtering on the amplified voltage signal to prevent the signal from being affected by aliasing;

[0060] S22: by using a holding circuit, the instantaneous voltage value of the voltage signal is held before the signal conversion, and the sampled and held voltage signal is quantized and divided into discrete numerical levels, and a digital code is set for each numerical level;

[0061] S23: The quantized voltage signal is converted into a digital signal through the A / D conversion unit, the digital signal is sorted into a data format that can be directly processed by the central processing unit, and the processed digital signal is transmitted to the central processing unit.

[0062] Furthermore, the A / D conversion unit maintains a trade-off between conversion rate and conversion accuracy. When processing a dynamically changing electric field signal, the A / D conversion unit adopts a dynamic adjustment strategy, and the dynamic adjustment strategy is as follows:

[0063] The first step is to obtain the conversion rate of the A / D conversion unit, and the conversion rate is obtained by the following formula:

[0064]

[0065] And, S represents the conversion rate, Indicates the maximum conversion rate of the A / D conversion unit; V indicates the current change rate of the input voltage signal; Indicates the standard deviation of the rate of change of the input voltage signal; Indicates the maximum rate of change of the historical input voltage signal; represents the historical average change rate of the input voltage signal, α represents the anti-external interference parameter value of the A / D conversion unit, and the value range of α is (0,1];

[0066] Step 2: Obtain the conversion accuracy of the A / D conversion unit, and the conversion accuracy is obtained by the following formula:

[0067]

[0068] in, Indicates the maximum conversion accuracy of the A / D conversion unit;

[0069] Step 3: When the current change rate of the input voltage signal increases, the A / D conversion unit gives priority to increasing the conversion rate to avoid signal aliasing, while reducing the conversion accuracy to ensure that data processing and storage are within the allowable range of computing resources;

[0070] When the current change rate of the input voltage signal becomes smaller, the A / D conversion unit reduces the conversion rate and improves the conversion accuracy to obtain data with higher accuracy.

[0071] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: before A / D conversion, the voltage signal needs to be amplified to ensure that its amplitude is within the input range of the A / D conversion unit. In order to prevent aliasing of the signal during the sampling process, the amplified voltage signal needs to be subjected to anti-aliasing filtering. Before A / D conversion, the instantaneous voltage value of the voltage signal is maintained by using a holding circuit. The holding circuit can ensure that the input signal remains unchanged during the A / D conversion process, thereby avoiding conversion errors. The voltage signal after sampling and holding is quantized and divided into discrete numerical levels. The quantization process is the process of converting a continuously changing voltage signal into a discrete numerical value, and each numerical level corresponds to a digital code. The quantized voltage signal is converted into a digital signal by the A / D conversion unit. The converted digital signal is sorted into a data format that can be directly processed by the central processing unit. The data format arrangement includes steps such as data alignment and data encapsulation to ensure that the central processing unit can correctly interpret and process these data.

[0072] In the conversion rate formula of the A / D conversion unit, by introducing historical fluctuations, the A / D conversion unit can better adapt to the changes in the signal, especially when the signal fluctuations are large, the sampling rate can be increased to more accurately capture the signal characteristics. Through smoothing, the A / D conversion unit can reduce unnecessary sampling while maintaining a certain sampling accuracy, thereby saving resources and energy. Finally, by introducing the exponential function, the system can nonlinearly adjust the sampling rate to better cope with external interference and performance changes. In the conversion accuracy formula of the A / D conversion unit, through the square term, the A / D conversion unit can reduce the resolution when the signal changes rapidly to save resources and increase the processing speed. Through smoothing, the A / D conversion unit can improve the resolution while maintaining a certain processing speed to more accurately capture the signal characteristics. By introducing the logarithmic function, the A / D conversion unit can nonlinearly adjust the resolution to better cope with changes in system performance.

[0073] For fast-changing signals, by increasing the sampling rate, the rapid changes of the signal can be captured more accurately, signal aliasing problems can be avoided, and clearer details can be provided in the time domain. When the signal changes slowly, the amount of data can be reduced by reducing the sampling rate, while the resolution can be increased to improve the measurement accuracy, which can make more efficient use of computing and storage resources. Dynamically adjusting the sampling parameters allows the system to adapt to signal changes more flexibly and maintain efficient processing capabilities. This responsiveness ensures that the system can cope with rapidly changing environments without degrading performance due to overload or excessive processing. The flexible adjustment mechanism allows signals with different frequency components to be appropriately emphasized and accurately captured, which is beneficial in subsequent data analysis and feature extraction.

[0074] In one embodiment of the present invention, S3 includes:

[0075] S31: Before the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock performs time synchronization. Each time the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock assigns an accurate time mark to the conversion and simultaneously obtains the geographical location coordinates of the electric field meter;

[0076] S32: Combine the time stamp and the geographic location coordinates to form complete time stamp information, and transmit the time stamp information to the central processor.

[0077] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: before the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the field mill atmospheric electric field instrument will use the built-in GPS clock for time synchronization. The GPS clock can receive signals from the global satellite positioning system to ensure high precision and synchronization of time. Every time the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock will assign an accurate time mark for this conversion. The time mark represents the exact moment when the voltage signal is collected and converted, and provides a time reference for subsequent data analysis and processing. At the same time, the GPS clock will also obtain the geographical location coordinates of the electric field instrument. The geographical location coordinates are an accurate description of the location of the electric field instrument. The time mark and the geographical location coordinates are combined to form complete time scale information. The time scale information contains the time reference and spatial location information of the voltage signal conversion, which is an important basis for subsequent data analysis and processing. The generated time scale information is transmitted to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit processes and analyzes the data from the electric field sensing probe, and outputs the processing results to the display unit or the storage unit. Using the GPS clock for time synchronization can ensure that the time of the electric field instrument is consistent with the global standard time, and the problem of inaccurate data caused by time error can be avoided. Each time a voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock assigns a precise time stamp to the conversion. When the data is subsequently analyzed and processed, the time information of each data point can be accurately tracked. Since each data point has a precise time stamp and geographic location coordinates, the data is highly traceable, and when there is a problem with the data, the problem can be quickly located and solved.

[0078] In one embodiment of the present invention, the S4 includes:

[0079] S41: The central processor receives the digital signal from the A / D conversion unit and the time stamp information from the GPS clock, integrates the digital signal with the time stamp information, and obtains a complete data set including the electric field strength, time stamp and geographic location;

[0080] S42: The central processor analyzes the data set and extracts relevant information about lightning activities, including the probability, intensity and direction of lightning occurrence;

[0081] S43: According to the analysis results, the central processing unit generates atmospheric data, which includes the real-time value of the electric field strength, the change trend, the lightning warning level and the warning time, and transmits the atmospheric data to the storage device for storage.

[0082] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: the central processing unit receives a digital signal from an A / D conversion unit, and the digital signal represents a quantized value of the electric field strength. At the same time, the central processing unit also receives time stamp information from a GPS clock, including a time stamp and a geographic location coordinate. The central processing unit integrates the digital signal with the time stamp information to obtain a complete data set including electric field strength, time stamp and geographic location. The data set provides comprehensive information support for subsequent data analysis. The central processing unit analyzes the integrated data set and extracts relevant information about lightning activity using a statistical analysis algorithm, that is, sets a threshold value of the electric field strength. When the electric field strength exceeds the threshold, it is considered that lightning activity has occurred. According to the analysis results, the central processing unit generates atmospheric data. These data include the real-time value of the electric field strength, the change trend (such as increase, decrease or stability), the lightning warning level (such as low, medium, high) and the warning time (i.e., the time period when lightning is expected to occur). The generated atmospheric data is transmitted to the storage device for storage. The storage device can be an internal memory or an external storage device for long-term storage of data for subsequent analysis and query. By combining the electric field intensity with time stamps and geographic locations, the S41 stage established the spatiotemporal correlation of the electric field data. This correlation is conducive to understanding the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of electric field changes, and revealing the spatiotemporal characteristics of lightning activity. In the S42 stage, the central processor uses advanced algorithms and models to analyze the data set, and can accurately extract relevant information about lightning activity, including the probability, intensity and direction of lightning occurrence. By analyzing the changing trends and characteristics of the electric field data, the S42 stage can predict the occurrence and development of lightning activity in advance, thereby improving the accuracy and timeliness of lightning warnings. It is conducive to protecting people's lives and property and reducing losses from lightning disasters. The generated atmospheric data is transmitted to the storage device for storage, ensuring the long-term preservation and traceability of the data. This is of great significance for subsequent data analysis and research, and provides a basis for in-depth understanding of the laws and mechanisms of lightning activities.

[0083] One embodiment of the present invention provides a control system for a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument, the system comprising:

[0084] Electric field sensing system: The electric field sensing probe senses the change of the electric field in the atmosphere, obtains the electric field signal, and converts the electric field signal into a voltage signal. The filter parameters are adjusted in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data to optimize the quality of the voltage signal, and the optimized voltage signal is transmitted to the processing unit;

[0085] A / D conversion system: The A / D conversion unit in the processing unit receives the optimized voltage signal and performs digital-to-analog conversion to convert the optimized voltage signal into a digital signal, and transmits the digital signal to the central processing unit in the processing unit, and the A / D conversion unit obtains the conversion rate and conversion accuracy, and dynamically adjusts the conversion rate and conversion accuracy according to the current change rate of the input voltage signal, so that the A / D conversion unit maintains a trade-off between the conversion rate and the conversion accuracy, and when the current change rate of the input voltage signal becomes larger, the A / D conversion unit gives priority to increasing the conversion rate, and when the current change rate of the input voltage signal becomes smaller, the A / D conversion unit reduces the conversion rate.

[0086] GPS clock system: The GPS clock in the processing unit marks the time and coordinates of each conversion process of the voltage signal to the digital signal, obtains the time scale information, and transmits the time scale information to the central processor;

[0087] Storage system: The central processing unit processes the received digital signal and the time stamp information to form atmospheric data, and transmits the atmospheric data to the storage device for storage.

[0088] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: the electric field sensing probe can sensitively sense the change of the electric field in the atmosphere. When the atmospheric electric field changes, the electric field sensing probe will capture this change and convert it into a voltage signal. In the process of converting the electric field signal into a voltage signal, the electric field sensing probe will adjust the filter parameters in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data. The optimized voltage signal will be transmitted to the A / D conversion unit in the processing unit. The A / D conversion unit is responsible for converting the voltage signal from analog form to digital form for subsequent digital signal processing. In the process of converting the voltage signal to the digital signal, the GPS clock in the processing unit will mark the time and coordinates of each conversion. The central processing unit receives the digital signal from the A / D conversion unit and the time scale information provided by the GPS clock. The central processing unit processes this information, including steps such as signal analysis, time synchronization, and data calibration, and finally forms atmospheric data. The processed atmospheric data will be transmitted to the storage device for storage. The electric field sensing probe of the field mill atmospheric electric field instrument is precisely designed and can sense the change of the electric field in the atmosphere with high sensitivity, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement results. By adjusting the filtering parameters in real time, the quality of the voltage signal can be optimized, noise and interference can be further reduced, and the measurement accuracy can be improved. The A / D conversion unit can accurately convert the optimized voltage signal into a digital signal, avoiding the distortion of the analog signal during transmission and processing. The GPS clock provides high-precision time and coordinate markings for each conversion process from voltage signal to digital signal, ensuring the traceability and accuracy of the data. The field mill atmospheric electric field instrument can adjust the filtering parameters in real time according to different atmospheric environments and historical data to adapt to the complex and changeable atmospheric environment. Due to its high precision and strong adaptability, the field mill atmospheric electric field instrument has broad application prospects in meteorological observation, lightning warning, environmental monitoring and other fields.

[0089] In one embodiment of the present invention, the electric field sensing system comprises:

[0090] Amplification processing unit system: The induction sheet in the electric field sensing probe senses the initial voltage signal and amplifies it through the amplification processing unit to obtain an amplified voltage signal;

[0091] Waveform adjustment system: The waveform adjustment unit performs waveform adjustment on the amplified voltage signal to form a voltage signal;

[0092] Waveform optimization system: During the waveform adjustment process, the filter parameters are adjusted in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data to remove noise from the voltage signal and obtain an optimized voltage signal.

[0093] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: when the atmospheric electric field changes, the induction sheet will capture this change and generate a corresponding initial voltage signal. The initial voltage signal is relatively weak and difficult to be directly used for subsequent digital signal processing. Therefore, it is necessary to amplify the initial voltage signal through an amplification processing unit to improve the amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of the signal. The amplified voltage signal has waveform distortion or does not meet the requirements of subsequent processing. Therefore, it is necessary to further adjust the amplified voltage signal through a waveform adjustment unit, including the shape, amplitude and phase of the waveform, to form a voltage signal that meets the requirements. The process of waveform adjustment is also a process of improving signal quality. By adjusting the various parameters of the waveform, the voltage signal can be made more stable, accurate and reliable. In the process of waveform adjustment, it is necessary to adjust the filter parameters in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data. By selecting appropriate filter parameters, high-frequency noise and low-frequency interference are filtered out to improve the purity and accuracy of the signal.

[0094] In one embodiment of the present invention, the A / D conversion system comprises:

[0095] Voltage signal amplification system: amplifies the voltage signal and adjusts the voltage signal amplitude to a range suitable for A / D conversion. At the same time, the amplified voltage signal is subjected to anti-aliasing filtering to prevent the signal from being affected by aliasing.

[0096] Adopting a holding system: By adopting a holding circuit, the instantaneous voltage value of the voltage signal is held before the signal conversion, and the sampled and held voltage signal is quantized and divided into discrete numerical levels, and a digital code is set for each numerical level;

[0097] Voltage signal conversion system: The quantized voltage signal is converted into a digital signal through the A / D conversion unit, and after the digital signal is sorted into a data format that can be directly processed by the central processing unit, the processed digital signal is transmitted to the central processing unit.

[0098] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: before A / D conversion, the voltage signal needs to be amplified to ensure that its amplitude is within the input range of the A / D conversion unit. In order to prevent aliasing of the signal during the sampling process, the amplified voltage signal needs to be subjected to anti-aliasing filtering. Before A / D conversion, the instantaneous voltage value of the voltage signal is maintained by using a holding circuit. The holding circuit can ensure that the input signal remains unchanged during the A / D conversion process, thereby avoiding conversion errors. The voltage signal after sampling and holding is quantized and divided into discrete numerical levels. The quantization process is the process of converting a continuously changing voltage signal into a discrete numerical value, and each numerical level corresponds to a digital code. The quantized voltage signal is converted into a digital signal by the A / D conversion unit. The converted digital signal is sorted into a data format that can be directly processed by the central processing unit. The data format arrangement includes steps such as data alignment and data encapsulation to ensure that the central processing unit can correctly interpret and process these data.

[0099] In the conversion rate formula of the A / D conversion unit, by introducing historical fluctuations, the A / D conversion unit can better adapt to the changes in the signal, especially when the signal fluctuations are large, the sampling rate can be increased to more accurately capture the signal characteristics. Through smoothing, the A / D conversion unit can reduce unnecessary sampling while maintaining a certain sampling accuracy, thereby saving resources and energy. Finally, by introducing the exponential function, the system can nonlinearly adjust the sampling rate to better cope with external interference and performance changes. In the conversion accuracy formula of the A / D conversion unit, through the square term, the A / D conversion unit can reduce the resolution when the signal changes rapidly to save resources and increase the processing speed. Through smoothing, the A / D conversion unit can improve the resolution while maintaining a certain processing speed to more accurately capture the signal characteristics. By introducing the logarithmic function, the A / D conversion unit can nonlinearly adjust the resolution to better cope with changes in system performance.

[0100] For fast-changing signals, by increasing the sampling rate, the rapid changes of the signal can be captured more accurately, signal aliasing problems can be avoided, and clearer details can be provided in the time domain. When the signal changes slowly, the amount of data can be reduced by reducing the sampling rate, while the resolution can be increased to improve the measurement accuracy, which can make more efficient use of computing and storage resources. Dynamically adjusting the sampling parameters allows the system to adapt to signal changes more flexibly and maintain efficient processing capabilities. This responsiveness ensures that the system can cope with rapidly changing environments without degrading performance due to overload or excessive processing. The flexible adjustment mechanism allows signals with different frequency components to be appropriately emphasized and accurately captured, which is beneficial in subsequent data analysis and feature extraction.

[0101] In one embodiment of the present invention, the GPS clock system comprises:

[0102] Time and location information acquisition system: Before the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock performs time synchronization. Each time the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock assigns an accurate time mark to the conversion and obtains the geographical location coordinates of the electric field meter at the same time;

[0103] Combined system: combines the time stamp and geographic location coordinates to form complete time stamp information, and transmits the time stamp information to the central processor.

[0104] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: before the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the field mill atmospheric electric field instrument will use the built-in GPS clock for time synchronization. The GPS clock can receive signals from the global satellite positioning system to ensure high precision and synchronization of time. Every time the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock will assign an accurate time mark for this conversion. The time mark represents the exact moment when the voltage signal is collected and converted, and provides a time reference for subsequent data analysis and processing. At the same time, the GPS clock will also obtain the geographical location coordinates of the electric field instrument. The geographical location coordinates are an accurate description of the location of the electric field instrument. The time mark and the geographical location coordinates are combined to form complete time scale information. The time scale information contains the time reference and spatial location information of the voltage signal conversion, which is an important basis for subsequent data analysis and processing. The generated time scale information is transmitted to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit processes and analyzes the data from the electric field sensing probe, and outputs the processing results to the display unit or the storage unit. Using the GPS clock for time synchronization can ensure that the time of the electric field instrument is consistent with the global standard time, and the problem of inaccurate data caused by time error can be avoided. Each time a voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock assigns a precise time stamp to the conversion. When the data is subsequently analyzed and processed, the time information of each data point can be accurately tracked. Since each data point has a precise time stamp and geographic location coordinates, the data is highly traceable, and when there is a problem with the data, the problem can be quickly located and solved.

[0105] In one embodiment of the present invention, the storage system comprises:

[0106] Integration system: The central processor receives the digital signal from the A / D conversion unit and the time stamp information from the GPS clock, integrates the digital signal with the time stamp information, and obtains a complete data set including electric field strength, time stamp and geographic location;

[0107] Data analysis system: The central processor analyzes the data set and extracts relevant information about lightning activity, including the probability, intensity and direction of lightning;

[0108] Atmospheric data generation and storage system: Based on the analysis results, the central processor generates atmospheric data, which includes the real-time value of the electric field strength, the change trend, the lightning warning level and the warning time, and transmits the atmospheric data to the storage device for storage.

[0109] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: the central processing unit receives a digital signal from an A / D conversion unit, and the digital signal represents a quantized value of the electric field strength. At the same time, the central processing unit also receives time stamp information from a GPS clock, including a time stamp and a geographic location coordinate. The central processing unit integrates the digital signal with the time stamp information to obtain a complete data set including electric field strength, time stamp and geographic location. The data set provides comprehensive information support for subsequent data analysis. The central processing unit analyzes the integrated data set and extracts relevant information about lightning activity using a statistical analysis algorithm, that is, sets a threshold value of the electric field strength. When the electric field strength exceeds the threshold, it is considered that lightning activity has occurred. According to the analysis results, the central processing unit generates atmospheric data. These data include the real-time value of the electric field strength, the change trend (such as increase, decrease or stability), the lightning warning level (such as low, medium, high) and the warning time (i.e., the time period when lightning is expected to occur). The generated atmospheric data is transmitted to the storage device for storage. The storage device can be an internal memory or an external storage device for long-term storage of data for subsequent analysis and query. By combining the electric field intensity with time stamps and geographic locations, the S41 stage established the spatiotemporal correlation of the electric field data. This correlation is conducive to understanding the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of electric field changes, and revealing the spatiotemporal characteristics of lightning activity. In the S42 stage, the central processor uses advanced algorithms and models to analyze the data set, and can accurately extract relevant information about lightning activity, including the probability, intensity and direction of lightning occurrence. By analyzing the changing trends and characteristics of the electric field data, the S42 stage can predict the occurrence and development of lightning activity in advance, thereby improving the accuracy and timeliness of lightning warnings. It is conducive to protecting people's lives and property and reducing losses from lightning disasters. The generated atmospheric data is transmitted to the storage device for storage, ensuring the long-term preservation and traceability of the data. This is of great significance for subsequent data analysis and research, and provides a basis for in-depth understanding of the laws and mechanisms of lightning activities.

[0110] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A control method for a field mill atmospheric electric field instrument, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1: The electric field sensing probe senses the change of the electric field in the atmosphere, obtains the electric field signal, and converts the electric field signal into a voltage signal. The filter parameters are adjusted in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data to optimize the quality of the voltage signal, and the optimized voltage signal is transmitted to the processing unit; S2: The A / D conversion unit in the processing unit receives the optimized voltage signal, performs digital-to-analog conversion, converts the optimized voltage signal into a digital signal, and transmits the digital signal to the central processing unit in the processing unit, and the A / D conversion unit obtains the conversion rate and conversion accuracy, and dynamically adjusts the conversion rate and conversion accuracy according to the current change rate of the input voltage signal, so that the A / D conversion unit maintains a trade-off between the conversion rate and the conversion accuracy, and when the current change rate of the input voltage signal becomes larger, the A / D conversion unit gives priority to increasing the conversion rate, and when the current change rate of the input voltage signal becomes smaller, the A / D conversion unit reduces the conversion rate; S3: The GPS clock in the processing unit marks the time and coordinates of each conversion process of the voltage signal to the digital signal, obtains the time scale information, and transmits the time scale information to the central processor; S4: The central processing unit processes the received digital signal and the time stamp information to form atmospheric data, and transmits the atmospheric data to the storage device for storage.

2. The control method of a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 includes: S11: The induction sheet in the electric field induction probe senses the initial voltage signal and amplifies it through the amplification processing unit to obtain an amplified voltage signal; S12: The waveform adjustment unit performs waveform adjustment on the amplified voltage signal to form a voltage signal; S13: During the waveform adjustment process, filter parameters are adjusted in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data to remove noise in the voltage signal and obtain an optimized voltage signal.

3. The control method of a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 includes: S21: amplifying the voltage signal, adjusting the voltage signal amplitude to a range suitable for A / D conversion, and at the same time, performing anti-aliasing filtering on the amplified voltage signal to prevent the signal from being affected by aliasing; S22: by using a holding circuit, the instantaneous voltage value of the voltage signal is held before the signal conversion, and the sampled and held voltage signal is quantized and divided into discrete numerical levels, and a digital code is set for each numerical level; S23: The quantized voltage signal is converted into a digital signal through the A / D conversion unit, the digital signal is sorted into a data format that can be directly processed by the central processing unit, and the processed digital signal is transmitted to the central processing unit.

4. The control method of a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 includes: S31: Before the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock performs time synchronization. Each time the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock assigns an accurate time mark to the conversion and simultaneously obtains the geographical location coordinates of the electric field meter; S32: Combine the time stamp and the geographic location coordinates to form complete time stamp information, and transmit the time stamp information to the central processor.

5. The control method of a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 includes: S41: The central processor receives the digital signal from the A / D conversion unit and the time stamp information from the GPS clock, integrates the digital signal with the time stamp information, and obtains a complete data set including the electric field strength, time stamp and geographic location; S42: The central processor analyzes the data set and extracts relevant information about lightning activities, including the probability, intensity and direction of lightning occurrence; S43: According to the analysis results, the central processing unit generates atmospheric data, which includes the real-time value of the electric field strength, the change trend, the lightning warning level and the warning time, and transmits the atmospheric data to the storage device for storage.

6. A control system for a field mill atmospheric electric field instrument, characterized in that: The system comprises: Electric field sensing system: The electric field sensing probe senses the change of the electric field in the atmosphere, obtains the electric field signal, and converts the electric field signal into a voltage signal. The filter parameters are adjusted in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data to optimize the quality of the voltage signal, and the optimized voltage signal is transmitted to the processing unit; A / D conversion system: the A / D conversion unit in the processing unit receives the optimized voltage signal, performs digital-to-analog conversion, converts the optimized voltage signal into a digital signal, and transmits the digital signal to the central processing unit in the processing unit, and the A / D conversion unit obtains the conversion rate and conversion accuracy, and dynamically adjusts the conversion rate and conversion accuracy according to the current change rate of the input voltage signal, so that the A / D conversion unit maintains a trade-off between the conversion rate and the conversion accuracy, and when the current change rate of the input voltage signal becomes larger, the A / D conversion unit gives priority to increasing the conversion rate, and when the current change rate of the input voltage signal becomes smaller, the A / D conversion unit reduces the conversion rate; GPS clock system: The GPS clock in the processing unit marks the time and coordinates of each conversion process of the voltage signal to the digital signal, obtains the time scale information, and transmits the time scale information to the central processor; Storage system: The central processing unit processes the received digital signal and the time stamp information to form atmospheric data, and transmits the atmospheric data to the storage device for storage.

7. The control system of a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electric field sensing system comprises: Amplification processing unit system: The induction sheet in the electric field sensing probe senses the initial voltage signal and amplifies it through the amplification processing unit to obtain an amplified voltage signal; Waveform adjustment system: The waveform adjustment unit performs waveform adjustment on the amplified voltage signal to form a voltage signal; Waveform optimization system: During the waveform adjustment process, the filter parameters are adjusted in real time according to the real-time environment and historical data to remove noise from the voltage signal and obtain an optimized voltage signal.

8. The control system of a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: The A / D conversion system comprises: Voltage signal amplification system: amplifies the voltage signal and adjusts the voltage signal amplitude to a range suitable for A / D conversion. At the same time, the amplified voltage signal is subjected to anti-aliasing filtering to prevent the signal from being affected by aliasing. Adopting a holding system: By adopting a holding circuit, the instantaneous voltage value of the voltage signal is held before the signal conversion, and the sampled and held voltage signal is quantized and divided into discrete numerical levels, and a digital code is set for each numerical level; Voltage signal conversion system: The quantized voltage signal is converted into a digital signal through the A / D conversion unit, and after the digital signal is sorted into a data format that can be directly processed by the central processing unit, the processed digital signal is transmitted to the central processing unit.

9. The control system of a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: The GPS clock system comprises: Time and location information acquisition system: Before the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock performs time synchronization. Each time the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, the GPS clock assigns an accurate time mark to the conversion and obtains the geographical location coordinates of the electric field meter at the same time; Combined system: combines the time stamp and geographic location coordinates to form complete time stamp information, and transmits the time stamp information to the central processor.

10. The control system of a field mill type atmospheric electric field instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: The storage system comprises: Integration system: The central processor receives the digital signal from the A / D conversion unit and the time stamp information from the GPS clock, integrates the digital signal with the time stamp information, and obtains a complete data set including electric field strength, time stamp and geographic location; Data analysis system: The central processor analyzes the data set and extracts relevant information about lightning activity, including the probability, intensity and direction of lightning; Atmospheric data generation and storage system: Based on the analysis results, the central processor generates atmospheric data, which includes the real-time value of the electric field strength, the change trend, the lightning warning level and the warning time, and transmits the atmospheric data to the storage device for storage.

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