Insecticide as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an insecticide as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of pest control. The insecticide is prepared from the following components: semen armeniacae amarae extract, fructus cannabis extract, herba aristolochiae extract, alternanthera sessilis extract, radix sophorae tonkinensis extract and semen strychni extract. The mass ratio of the semen armeniacae amarae extract to the fructus cannabis extract to the herba aristolochiae extract to the herba alternantherae extract to the radix sophorae tonkinensis extract to the semen strychni extract is (10-20): (5-15): (10-20): (7-12): (2-5): (4-8). The semen armeniacae amarae extract, the fructus cannabis extract, the herba aristolochiae extract, the alternanthera sessilis extract, the vietnamese sophora root extract and the semen strychni extract are reasonably combined, so that common diseases and insect pests can be prevented and treated in manners of avoiding, contact killing and the like, and particularly, the pesticide has a good prevention and treatment effect on scarab, mites, aphids, red spiders, heart-eating leafworms and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of pest control, and in particular relates to an insecticide and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fruit trees have many diseases and insect pests, which cause low yields. The existing technology mainly solves the problem of fruit tree diseases and insect pests by spraying pesticides on fruit trees. However, after the use of chemical pesticides, a large amount of pesticide residues remain in plants and crops, which harms the safety of humans and animals. At the same time, chemical pesticides have a broad insecticide effect. The use of such pesticides affects the ecological environment and destroys the ecological balance. In severe cases, it causes a sharp change in the pest and disease flora and a large outbreak of pests. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an efficient and pollution-free pesticide for the prevention and treatment of fruit tree diseases and insect pests. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide an insecticide and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the insecticide can be directly applied to fruit trees without pollution to the environment, and has a good control effect on beetles, mites, aphids, red spiders and leafworms.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The invention provides an insecticide, comprising the following ingredients: bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, scutellaria baicalensis extract, alternanthera chinensis extract, sophora flavescens root extract and strychnos nux vomica extract;

[0006] The mass ratio of the bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, scutellaria baicalensis extract, alternanthera zedoaria extract, sophora flavescens root extract and strychnos nux vomica extract is 10-20:5-15:10-20:7-12:2-5:4-8.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the insecticide, comprising the following steps:

[0008] 1) mixing bitter almonds with water and boiling them, taking them out, soaking them in water twice, and mixing the decoction and the two soaking solutions to obtain a bitter almond extract;

[0009] 2) extracting hemp seed with anhydrous ether through Soxhlet to obtain a dark green transparent extract, removing ether from the dark green transparent extract and mixing it with alkaline anhydrous ethanol for saponification in a water bath, then acidifying it with concentrated sulfuric acid, taking the upper layer liquid, washing the upper layer liquid and mixing it with anhydrous methanol in a water bath, adding concentrated sulfuric acid and leaving it for 10 to 30 minutes, adding distilled water and ether, and letting it stand for stratification, removing the distilled water phase to obtain the hemp seed extract;

[0010] 3) mixing the scutellaria baicalensis with 8 to 12 times the amount of water, soaking for 3 to 5 hours, then heating, and extracting by steam distillation to obtain a scutellaria baicalensis extract;

[0011] 4) extracting the mixture of Alternanthera and anhydrous ethanol for 20 to 30 hours, filtering to obtain a residue and a filtrate A, extracting and filtering the residue with an equal amount of anhydrous ethanol three times, combining the filtrate A and the three filtrates of the residue, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain an Alternanthera extract;

[0012] 5) extracting the mixed Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis and ethanol by ultrasonic method, filtering to obtain a filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain a Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis extract;

[0013] 6) Mix the strychnine and 4 to 8 times the ethanol solution, heat and reflux for extraction, adjust the pH value to 2 to 3 with hydrochloric acid, filter, adjust the pH value of the filtrate to 9 to 10 with ammonia water, evaporate to dryness in a water bath, and dry to constant weight to obtain the strychnine extract;

[0014] 7) Mixing bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, scutellaria baicalensis extract, alternanthera chinensis extract, sophora flavescens root extract and strychnos nux vomica extract to obtain an insecticide.

[0015] Preferably, the decoction temperature in step 1) is 60-80°C, the decoction time is 40-80 min, and the mass ratio of bitter almonds to water during the decoction is 1:4-6;

[0016] The first soaking time is 3 to 5 hours, and the mass ratio of bitter almonds to water during the first soaking is 1:1 to 3;

[0017] The second soaking time is 4 to 6 hours, and the mass ratio of bitter almonds to water during the second soaking is 1:1 to 3.

[0018] Preferably, the mass volume ratio of hemp seed and anhydrous ether in step 2) is 20-30g:140-160mL, the temperature of the Soxhlet extraction is 40-50°C, and the time of the Soxhlet extraction is 6-8h; the preparation method of the alkaline anhydrous ethanol is: mixing NaOH and anhydrous ethanol to obtain alkaline anhydrous ethanol, and the mass volume ratio of NaOH and anhydrous ethanol is 1g:5-15mL.

[0019] Preferably, the temperature of the water bath saponification in step 2) is 75-80° C., and the time of the water bath saponification is 40-80 min.

[0020] Preferably, in step 2), the mass volume ratio of the upper layer liquid to anhydrous methanol is 1 g:10-30 mL; the mass volume ratio of the upper layer liquid, distilled water and ether is 1 g:20-30 mL:10-20 mL.

[0021] Preferably, the mass volume ratio of Alternanthera zeylanicum to anhydrous ethanol in step 4) is 1 g: 3-8 mL.

[0022] Preferably, in step 5), the mass volume ratio of Sophora flavescens to ethanol is 1 g: 20-30 mL; the volume fraction of ethanol is 50-70%; the extraction temperature is 40-50° C., and the extraction time is 40-80 min.

[0023] Preferably, the volume fraction of the ethanol solution in step 6) is 40-60%, the number of extractions is 2-4 times, and the extraction time is 40-80 min.

[0024] The present invention also provides application of the insecticide or the insecticide prepared by the preparation method in preventing and controlling fruit tree pests.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, celery vine extract, alternanthera extract and sophora flavescens extract of the present invention are rationally compatible and can prevent and control common diseases and insect pests by means of repelling, contact killing and the like, and have a good control effect on scarab beetles, mites, aphids, red spiders and leafworms. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The invention provides an insecticide, comprising the following ingredients: bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, scutellaria baicalensis extract, alternanthera chinensis extract, sophora flavescens root extract and strychnos nux vomica extract;

[0028] The mass ratio of the bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, celandine extract, alternanthera extract, sophora flavescens extract and strychnos nux vomica extract is preferably 10-20:5-15:10-20:7-12:2-5:4-8, and more preferably 12-18:7-14:12-18:8-10:3-4:5-7.

[0029] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the insecticide, comprising the following steps:

[0030] 1) mixing bitter almonds with water and boiling them, taking them out, soaking them in water twice, and mixing the decoction and the two soaking solutions to obtain a bitter almond extract;

[0031] 2) extracting hemp seed with anhydrous ether through Soxhlet to obtain a dark green transparent extract, removing ether from the dark green transparent extract and mixing it with alkaline anhydrous ethanol for saponification in a water bath, then acidifying it with concentrated sulfuric acid, taking the upper layer liquid, washing the upper layer liquid and mixing it with anhydrous methanol in a water bath, adding concentrated sulfuric acid and leaving it for 10 to 30 minutes, adding distilled water and ether, and letting it stand for stratification, removing the distilled water phase to obtain the hemp seed extract;

[0032] 3) mixing the scutellaria baicalensis with 8 to 12 times the amount of water, soaking for 3 to 5 hours, then heating, and extracting by steam distillation to obtain a scutellaria baicalensis extract;

[0033] 4) extracting the mixture of Alternanthera and anhydrous ethanol for 20 to 30 hours, filtering to obtain a residue and a filtrate A, extracting and filtering the residue with an equal amount of anhydrous ethanol three times, combining the filtrate A and the three filtrates of the residue, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain an Alternanthera extract;

[0034] 5) extracting the mixed Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis and ethanol by ultrasonic method, filtering to obtain a filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain a Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis extract;

[0035] 6) Mix the strychnine and 4 to 8 times the ethanol solution, heat and reflux for extraction, adjust the pH value to 2 to 3 with hydrochloric acid, filter, adjust the pH value of the filtrate to 9 to 10 with ammonia water, evaporate to dryness in a water bath, and dry to constant weight to obtain the strychnine extract;

[0036] 7) Mixing the bitter almond extract, the hemp seed extract, the scutellaria baicalensis extract, the alternanthera zedoaria extract and the sophora flavescens extract to obtain an insecticide.

[0037] In the present invention, bitter almonds are mixed and boiled, then taken out, soaked twice with water, and the decoction and the soaking liquid are mixed to obtain bitter almond extract. The decoction temperature is preferably 60-80°C, more preferably 65-75°C; the decoction time is preferably 40-80min, more preferably 50-70min; the mass ratio of bitter almonds to water during the decoction is preferably 1:4-6, more preferably 1:4.5-5.5; the first soaking time is preferably 3-5h, more preferably 3.5-4.5h; the mass ratio of bitter almonds to water during the first soaking is preferably 1:1-3, more preferably 1:1.5-2.5; the second soaking time is preferably 4-6h, more preferably 4.5-5.5h; the mass ratio of bitter almonds to water during the second soaking is preferably 1:1-3, more preferably 1:1.5-2.5.

[0038] In the present invention, hemp seeds are subjected to Soxhlet extraction with anhydrous ether to obtain a dark green transparent extract, the dark green transparent extract is mixed with alkaline anhydrous ethanol for saponification in a water bath after the ether is removed from the dark green transparent extract, and then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid, the upper layer liquid is taken, the upper layer liquid is washed and mixed with anhydrous methanol in a water bath, concentrated sulfuric acid is added and left for 10 to 30 minutes, distilled water and ether are added, and stratification is performed, and the distilled water phase is removed to obtain the hemp seed extract. The mass volume ratio of the hemp seed and anhydrous ether is preferably 20-30g:140-160mL, and more preferably 22-28g:145-155mL; the temperature of the Soxhlet extraction is preferably 40-50°C, and more preferably 42-48°C; the time of the Soxhlet extraction is preferably 6-8h, and more preferably 6.5-7.5h; the preparation method of the alkaline anhydrous ethanol is: mixing NaOH and anhydrous ethanol to obtain alkaline anhydrous ethanol, and the mass volume ratio of NaOH and anhydrous ethanol is preferably 1g:5-15mL, and more preferably 1g:7-12mL. The temperature of the water bath saponification is preferably 75-80°C, and more preferably 76-79°C; the time of the water bath saponification is preferably 40-80min, and more preferably 50-70min. The upper layer liquid is washed with distilled water, and the mass volume ratio of the upper layer liquid to anhydrous methanol is preferably 1g:10-30mL, and more preferably 1g:15-25mL; the mass volume ratio of the upper layer liquid, distilled water and ether is preferably 1g:20-30mL:10-20mL, and more preferably 1g:22-28mL:12-18mL.

[0039] In the present invention, the cyperus chinensis extract is obtained by mixing 8 to 12 times the amount of water and soaking for 3 to 5 hours, then heating and extracting by steam distillation; the amount of water is preferably 9 to 11 times; and the soaking time is preferably 3.5 to 4.5 hours.

[0040] In the present invention, Alternanthera zephyranthes and anhydrous ethanol are mixed and extracted for 20 to 30 hours, and then filtered to obtain a filter residue and a filtrate A. The filter residue is extracted and filtered three times with an equal amount of anhydrous ethanol, and the filtrate A and the three filtrates of the filter residue are combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the Alternanthera zephyranthes extract; the mass volume ratio of the Alternanthera zephyranthes and anhydrous ethanol is preferably 1g:3-8mL, and more preferably 1g:4-7mL.

[0041] In the present invention, the Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis and ethanol are mixed and ultrasonically extracted, and the filtrate is filtered to obtain the Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis extract, and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis extract; the mass volume ratio of the Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis and ethanol is preferably 1g:20-30mL, and more preferably 1g:22-28mL; the volume fraction of the ethanol is preferably 50-70%, and more preferably 55-65%; the extraction temperature is preferably 40-50°C, and more preferably 42-48°C; the extraction time is preferably 40-80min, and more preferably 50-70min.

[0042] In the present invention, Strychnos nux vomica and 4 to 8 times of ethanol solution are mixed, heated and refluxed for extraction, the pH value is adjusted to 2 to 3 with hydrochloric acid, filtered, the filtrate is adjusted to pH 9 to 10 with ammonia water, evaporated in a water bath, and dried to constant weight to obtain Strychnos nux vomica extract. The amount of ethanol is preferably 5 to 7 times; the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is preferably 40 to 60%, more preferably 45 to 55%; the number of extractions is preferably 2 to 4 times, more preferably 3 times; the extraction time is preferably 40 to 80 minutes, more preferably 50 to 70 minutes.

[0043] In the present invention, bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, cyperus rotundus extract, alternanthera extract, sophora flavescens extract and strychnos nux vomica extract are mixed to obtain the insecticide.

[0044] The present invention also provides the use of the insecticide or the insecticide prepared by the preparation method in preventing and controlling fruit tree pests. In the present invention, the insecticide is diluted 800 to 1500 times with water and sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves until no water droplets form, and is used for preventing and controlling fruit tree pests.

[0045] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A pesticide is composed of the following ingredients: bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, cyperus rotundus extract, alternanthera extract, sophora flavescens root extract and strychnos nux vomica extract; the mass ratio of the bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, cyperus rotundus extract, alternanthera extract, sophora flavescens root extract and strychnos nux vomica extract is 15:10:15:9:4:6.

[0048] The preparation process of the insecticide is as follows:

[0049] (1) 50 g of bitter almonds and 250 mL of water were mixed and boiled at 70° C. for 1 h. The almonds were taken out and soaked in 100 mL of tap water for 4 h for the first time and in 100 mL of tap water for the second time for 5 h. The decoction and the soaking liquid were mixed to obtain a bitter almond extract.

[0050] (2) Weigh 24.00g of hemp seed powder, put it into a filter paper tube, and then put it into a Soxhlet extractor. Add 150mL of anhydrous ether to a 500mL flask, heat it in a constant temperature water bath at 45℃, and reflux extract for 7h to obtain a dark green transparent extract. Use a rotary evaporator to remove the ether to obtain hemp seed oil. Weigh 10g of hemp seed oil in a 500mL beaker, weigh 5.0g of NaOH solid and add it to 50mL of anhydrous ethanol. After it dissolves, add it to the beaker containing the sample. Place the beaker in a 78℃ water bath for saponification for 1h, add concentrated H 2 SO 4 (1:1) for acidification. Wash the upper fatty acid with distilled water until neutral and prepare for esterification. Take 1g of fatty acid in a 50mL volumetric flask, add 20mL of anhydrous methanol, heat in a water bath to dissolve, add 5mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, and shake well. After standing for 20 minutes, add 25mL of distilled water and 15mL of ether, shake vigorously for 2 minutes, and let stand to separate. Remove the distilled water phase to obtain the hemp seed extract.

[0051] (3) 30 g of Cistanche deserticola and 300 mL of water were mixed and soaked for 4 h, then heated and extracted by steam distillation to obtain Cistanche deserticola extract.

[0052] (4) Weigh 20 g of Alternanthera and soak it in 100 mL of anhydrous ethanol. After standing at room temperature for 24 hours, filter it, then add an equal amount of anhydrous ethanol to soak the filter residue, and repeat the soaking and filtering for 3 times. The combined filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure by a rotary evaporator to obtain an Alternanthera extract.

[0053] (5) Accurately weigh 20 g of Sophora flavescens crude powder, add 500 mL of 60% ethanol, place in an ultrasonic cleaner for extraction once, extract for 1 h, and set the temperature to 45° C. Filter to obtain a filtrate, and concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain a Sophora flavescens extract.

[0054] (6) Take 200 g of strychnine (processed) coarse powder, add 6 times the amount of strychnine and a 50% ethanol solution with a pH of 5, heat and reflux to extract 3 times, each time for 1 hour, combine the ethanol extracts, filter and recover the ethanol, adjust the pH to 2.5 with hydrochloric acid, filter, adjust the pH of the filtrate to 9.5 with ammonia water, evaporate to dryness in a water bath, and dry to constant weight to obtain the product.

[0055] (7) The bitter almond extract, the hemp seed extract, the scutellaria baicalensis extract, the alternanthera chinensis extract, the sophora flavescens root extract and the strychnos nux vomica extract are mixed to obtain an insecticide.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] A pesticide is composed of the following ingredients: bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, cyperus rotundus extract, alternanthera extract, sophora flavescens root extract and strychnos nux vomica extract; the mass ratio of the bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, cyperus rotundus extract, alternanthera extract, sophora flavescens root extract and strychnos nux vomica extract is 10:5:10:7:2:4.

[0058] The preparation process of the insecticide is as follows:

[0059] (1) 50 g of bitter almonds and 200 mL of water were mixed and boiled at 60° C. for 40 min. The almonds were taken out and soaked in 50 mL of tap water for 3 hours for the first time and in 50 mL of tap water for the second time for 4 hours. The decoction and the soaking liquid were mixed to obtain a bitter almond extract.

[0060] (2) Weigh 20.00g of hemp seed powder, put it into a filter paper tube, and then put it into a Soxhlet extractor. Add 140mL of anhydrous ether to a 500mL flask, heat it in a 40℃ constant temperature water bath, reflux extraction for 6h, and obtain a dark green transparent extract. Use a rotary evaporator to remove the ether to obtain hemp seed oil. Weigh 10g of hemp seed oil in a 500mL beaker, weigh 5.0g of NaOH solid and add it to 25mL of anhydrous ethanol. After it dissolves, add it to the beaker containing the sample. Place the beaker in a 75℃ water bath for saponification for 40min, add concentrated H 2 SO 4 (1:1) for acidification. Wash the upper fatty acid with distilled water until neutral and prepare for esterification. Take 1g of fatty acid in a 50mL volumetric flask, add 20mL of anhydrous methanol, heat in a water bath to dissolve, add 5mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, and shake well. After standing for 20 minutes, add 25mL of distilled water and 15mL of ether, shake vigorously for 2 minutes, and let stand to separate. Remove the distilled water phase to obtain the hemp seed extract.

[0061] (3) 30 g of Caulis Cibotii and 240 mL of water were mixed, soaked for 3 h, heated, and extracted by steam distillation to obtain Caulis Cibotii extract.

[0062] (4) Weigh 20 g of Alternanthera and soak it in 60 mL of anhydrous ethanol. After standing at room temperature for 20 h, filter it, then add an equal amount of anhydrous ethanol to soak the filter residue, and repeat the soaking and filtering for 3 times. The combined filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure by a rotary evaporator to obtain an Alternanthera extract.

[0063] (5) Accurately weigh 20 g of Sophora flavescens crude powder, add 400 mL of 50% ethanol by volume, place in an ultrasonic cleaner for extraction once, the extraction time is 40 min, and the temperature is set to 40° C. Filter to obtain a filtrate, and concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain a Sophora flavescens extract.

[0064] (6) Take 200 g of strychnine (processed) coarse powder, add 40% ethanol solution with pH = 5, which is 4 times the amount of strychnine, and heat reflux extraction twice, each time for 40 minutes, combine the ethanol extracts, filter and recover ethanol, adjust the pH value to 2 with hydrochloric acid, filter, adjust the pH value of the filtrate to 9 with ammonia water, evaporate to dryness in a water bath, and dry to constant weight to obtain the product.

[0065] (7) The bitter almond extract, the hemp seed extract, the scutellaria baicalensis extract, the alternanthera chinensis extract / the sophora flavescens extract and the strychnos nux vomica extract are mixed to obtain an insecticide.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] A pesticide, composed of the following ingredients: bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, cyperus rotundus extract, alternanthera extract, sophora flavescens root extract and strychnos nux vomica extract; the mass ratio of the bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, cyperus rotundus extract, alternanthera extract, sophora flavescens root extract and strychnos nux vomica extract is preferably 20:15:20:12:5:8.

[0068] The preparation process of the insecticide is as follows:

[0069] (1) 50 g of bitter almonds were mixed with 300 mL of water and boiled at 80° C. for 80 min. The almonds were taken out and soaked in 150 mL of tap water for 5 h for the first time and in 150 mL of tap water for the second time for 6 h. The decoction and the soaking liquid were mixed to obtain the bitter almond extract.

[0070] (2) Weigh 30.00g of hemp seed powder, put it into a filter paper tube, and then put it into a Soxhlet extractor. Add 160mL of anhydrous ether to a 500mL flask, heat it in a 50℃ constant temperature water bath, reflux extraction for 8h, and obtain a dark green transparent extract. Use a rotary evaporator to remove the ether to obtain hemp seed oil. Weigh 10g of hemp seed oil in a 500mL beaker, weigh 5.0g of NaOH solid and add it to 75mL of anhydrous ethanol. After it dissolves, add it to the beaker containing the sample. Place the beaker in an 80℃ water bath for saponification for 80min, add concentrated H 2 SO 4 (1:1) for acidification. Wash the upper fatty acid with distilled water until neutral and prepare for esterification. Take 1g of fatty acid in a 50mL volumetric flask, add 20mL of anhydrous methanol, heat in a water bath to dissolve, add 5mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, and shake well. After standing for 20 minutes, add 25mL of distilled water and 15mL of ether, shake vigorously for 2 minutes, and let stand to separate. Remove the distilled water phase to obtain the hemp seed extract.

[0071] (3) 30 g of Cistanche deserticola and 360 mL of water were mixed and soaked for 5 h, then heated and extracted by steam distillation to obtain Cistanche deserticola extract.

[0072] (4) Weigh 20 g of Alternanthera and soak it in 160 mL of anhydrous ethanol. After standing at room temperature for 30 hours, filter it, then add an equal amount of anhydrous ethanol to soak the filter residue, and repeat the soaking and filtering for 3 times. The combined filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure by a rotary evaporator to obtain an Alternanthera extract.

[0073] (5) Accurately weigh 20 g of Sophora flavescens crude powder, add 600 mL of 70% ethanol, place in an ultrasonic cleaner for extraction once, the extraction time is 80 min, and the temperature is set to 50° C. Filter to obtain a filtrate, and concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain a Sophora flavescens extract.

[0074] (6) Take 200 g of strychnine (processed) coarse powder, add 60% ethanol solution with a pH of 5 and 8 times the amount of strychnine, heat and reflux to extract 4 times, each time for 80 minutes, combine the ethanol extracts, filter and recover ethanol, adjust the pH to 3 with hydrochloric acid, filter, adjust the pH of the filtrate to 10 with ammonia water, evaporate to dryness in a water bath, and dry to constant weight to obtain the product.

[0075] (6) The bitter almond extract, the hemp seed extract, the scutellaria baicalensis extract, the alternanthera chinensis extract, the sophora flavescens root extract and the strychnos nux vomica extract are mixed to obtain an insecticide.

[0076] Comparative Example 1

[0077] The difference from Example 1 is that no bitter almond extract was added.

[0078] Comparative Example 2

[0079] The difference from Example 1 is that the hemp seed extract is not added.

[0080] Comparative Example 3

[0081] The difference from Example 1 is that no Cibotium wilfordii extract was added.

[0082] Comparative Example 4

[0083] The difference from Example 1 is that no Alternanthera extract is added.

[0084] Comparative Example 5

[0085] The difference from Example 1 is that the Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis extract was not added.

[0086] Comparative Example 6

[0087] The difference from Example 1 is that no Strychnos nux vomica extract was added.

[0088] Comparative Example 7

[0089] The difference from Example 1 is that the mass ratio of the bitter almond extract, the hemp seed extract, the scutellaria baicalensis extract, the alternanthera zedoaria extract and the sophora flavescens extract is 8:4:8:5:1:3.

[0090] Comparative Example 8

[0091] The difference from Example 1 is that the mass ratio of the bitter almond extract, the hemp seed extract, the scutellaria baicalensis extract, the alternanthera zedoaria extract and the sophora flavescens extract is 25:20:25:15:8:10.

[0092] Experimental Example 1

[0093] Effects of different treatment groups of pesticides on the control of scarab beetles on apple trees

[0094] The insecticides prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were diluted 1000 times with water and sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves until no water droplets formed, and used for the prevention and control of scarab beetles on apple trees. Four apple trees were randomly surveyed for each treatment, and the number of insects was investigated before the application of the pesticide. The same method was used 7 days after the application to investigate the number of surviving insects. The insect population reduction rate and control effect were calculated according to the following formula: Insect population reduction rate (%) = (insect population before application - insect population after application) / insect population before application × 100; Corrected control effect (%) = [1-(insect population before application in the control area × insect population after application in the treatment area) / (insect population after application in the control area × insect population before application in the treatment area)] × 100.

[0095] Experimental results: as shown in Table 1.

[0096] Table 1 The control effect of insecticides in different treatment groups on scarab beetles on apple trees

[0097] Treatment Group 7 days after taking the medicine, the protective effect is % Example 1 99.87 Example 2 99.52 Example 3 99.79 Comparative Example 1 64.46 Comparative Example 2 63.34 Comparative Example 3 63.18 Comparative Example 4 64.25 Comparative Example 5 44.74 Comparative Example 6 40.08 Comparative Example 7 50.12 Comparative Example 8 48.32

[0098] As can be seen from Table 1, the insecticides prepared in Examples 1 to 3 have much higher control effects on scarab beetles than those in Comparative Examples 1 to 8. It can be seen that the lack of any one of the bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, celandine extract, alternanthera extract, sophora flavescens extract and strychnos nux vomica extract in the insecticide will greatly reduce the control effect on scarab beetles. Improper proportions of the amounts of the components in the insecticide will also affect the control effect on scarab beetles.

[0099] Experimental Example 2

[0100] Effects of different treatment groups of pesticides on the control of mites on apple trees

[0101] The insecticides prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were diluted 1000 times with water and sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves until no water droplets formed, and used for the prevention and control of hawthorn red spider mites, apple panonychus mites and two-spotted spider mites on apple trees. The base number of mites in each treatment was investigated before application, and the base number of mites in each treatment was investigated 7 days after application. Four apple trees were randomly investigated for each treatment. The clean water treatment was used as a blank control. The mite population reduction rate and field control efficacy under each agent treatment were calculated based on the original data recorded in the investigation. Mite population reduction rate = [(base number of mites before drug application - number of mites after drug application) / base number of mites before drug application] × 100%; control effect = [(treatment mite population reduction rate - blank control mite population reduction rate) / (1 - blank control mite population reduction rate)] × 100%.

[0102] Experimental results: as shown in Table 2.

[0103] Table 2 The control effect of insecticides in different treatment groups on mites on apple trees

[0104]

[0105] As can be seen from Table 2, the insecticides prepared in Examples 1 to 3 have much higher control effects on red spider mites in hawthorn, Panonychus apple and two-spotted spider mites than those in Comparative Examples 1 to 8. It can be seen that the lack of any one of the bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, celery vine extract, alternanthera extract, sophora flavescens extract and strychnos nux vomica extract in the insecticide will greatly reduce the control effect on red spider mites in hawthorn, Panonychus apple and two-spotted spider mites. Improper proportions of the amounts of the components in the insecticide will also affect the control effect of mites.

[0106] Experimental Example 3

[0107] Effects of different treatment groups of pesticides on the control of aphids on apple trees

[0108] The insecticides prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were diluted 1000 times with water and sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves until no water droplets formed, and used for the prevention and control of apple yellow aphids, apple gall aphids and apple woolly aphids on apple trees. For each treatment, 4 fruit trees with small differences in tree shape and size were selected, and 1 new shoot was selected from the east, west, south, north and center of each tree crown to hang a sign and mark, and the number of live aphids on each new shoot was investigated. The number of aphids before and after the application of the pesticide was used to calculate the insect population reduction rate and the corrected control effect of each treatment. Insect population reduction rate % = (number of insects before the drug - number of insects after the drug) / number of insects before the drug * 100; Corrected control effect % = (treatment insect population reduction rate - blank insect population reduction rate) / (100-blank insect population reduction rate) * 100.

[0109] Experimental results: as shown in Table 3.

[0110] Table 3 The control effect of insecticides in different treatment groups on aphids on apple trees

[0111]

[0112] As can be seen from Table 3, the insecticides prepared in Examples 1 to 3 have much higher control effects on apple yellow aphids, apple gall aphids and apple woolly aphids than those in Comparative Examples 1 to 8. It can be seen that the lack of any one of the bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, celery scutellaria extract, alternanthera extract, sophora flavescens extract and strychnos nux vomica extract in the insecticide will greatly reduce the control effect on apple yellow aphids, apple gall aphids and apple woolly aphids. Improper dosage ratios of the components in the insecticide will also affect the control effect of aphids.

[0113] Experimental Example 4

[0114] Effects of different treatment groups of pesticides on the control of red spider mites on apple trees

[0115] The insecticides prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were diluted 1000 times with water and sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves until no water droplets formed, for the prevention and control of red spider mites on apple trees. Two trees were randomly selected for investigation in each treatment, and 5 trees with active red spider mites on leaves were investigated in the east, west, south, north and center of each tree. The number of active red spider mites on the leaves was checked and recorded with a handheld magnifying glass, and the control effect was calculated based on the average number of red spider mites on the leaves before and after the application of the drug. Corrected control effect = [1-(the average number of red spider mites on the leaves of the blank control area before the drug × the average number of red spider mites on the leaves of the treatment area after the drug) / (the average number of red spider mites on the leaves of the blank control area after the drug × the average number of red spider mites on the leaves of the treatment area before the drug) × 100%.

[0116] Experimental results: as shown in Table 4.

[0117] Table 4 The control effect of insecticides in different treatment groups on red spider mites on apple trees

[0118] Treatment Group 7 days after taking the medicine, the protective effect is % Example 1 98.78 Example 2 97.16 Example 3 98.36 Comparative Example 1 60.24 Comparative Example 2 58.36 Comparative Example 3 59.16 Comparative Example 4 62.13 Comparative Example 5 45.12 Comparative Example 6 61.78 Comparative Example 7 52.36 Comparative Example 8 48.79

[0119] As can be seen from Table 4, the insecticides prepared in Examples 1 to 3 have much higher control effects on red spider mites than those in Comparative Examples 1 to 8. It can be seen that the lack of any one of the bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, scutellaria baicalensis extract, alternanthera zedoaria extract, sophora flavescens extract and strychnos nux vomica extract in the insecticide will greatly reduce the control effect on red spider mites. Improper proportion of the dosage of the components in the insecticide will also affect the control effect of red spider mites.

[0120] Experimental Example 5

[0121] Effects of different treatment groups of pesticides on the control of apple borer on apple trees

[0122] The insecticides prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were diluted 1000 times with water and sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves until no water droplets formed, for the prevention and control of apple borers on apple trees. Three sample trees were randomly surveyed for each treatment, and more than 100 fruits were randomly surveyed around the crown and the middle and upper part of the inner bore of each surveyed tree, for a total of more than 300 fruits. The base number of egg fruits and insect fruits was surveyed 1 day before application of the pesticide, and the number of egg fruits and insect fruits was surveyed 15 days after application of the pesticide. Insect population reduction rate (%) = 100 × (number of insect fruits before drug application - number of insect fruits after drug application) / number of insect fruits before drug application; control effect (%) = 100 × (infested fruit rate in the control area - insect population reduction rate in the treatment area) / insect fruit rate in the control area.

[0123] Experimental results: as shown in Table 5.

[0124] Table 5 The control effect of insecticides in different treatment groups on apple borer on apple trees

[0125] Treatment Group 7 days after taking the medicine, the protective effect is % Example 1 96.48 Example 2 94.31 Example 3 95.19 Comparative Example 1 55.13 Comparative Example 2 65.23 Comparative Example 3 68.12 Comparative Example 4 66.74 Comparative Example 5 67.98 Comparative Example 6 66.15 Comparative Example 7 56.12 Comparative Example 8 52.17

[0126] It can be seen from Table 5 that the insecticides prepared in Examples 1 to 3 have much higher control effects on apple borer than those in Comparative Examples 1 to 8. It can be seen that the lack of any one of the bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, scutellaria baicalensis extract, alternanthera zedoaria extract, sophora flavescens extract and strychnos nux vomica extract in the insecticide will greatly reduce the control effect on apple borer. Improper dosage ratio of the components in the insecticide will also affect the control effect of the apple borer.

[0127] It can be seen from the above embodiments and experimental examples that the reasonable combination of the bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, celandine extract, alternanthera extract, sophora flavescens extract and strychnos nux vomica extract of the present invention can prevent and control common diseases and insect pests by means of repelling, contact killing, etc., especially has a good control effect on scarabs, mites, aphids, red spiders and leafworms.

[0128] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An insecticide, characterized in that: Includes the following ingredients: bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, scutellaria baicalensis extract, alternanthera chinensis extract, sophora flavescens root extract and strychnos nux vomica extract; The mass ratio of the bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, scutellaria baicalensis extract, alternanthera zedoaria extract, sophora flavescens root extract and strychnos nux vomica extract is 10-20:5-15:10-20:7-12:2-5:4-8.

2. The method for preparing the insecticide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) mixing bitter almonds with water and boiling them, taking them out, soaking them in water twice, and mixing the decoction and the two soaking solutions to obtain a bitter almond extract; 2) extracting hemp seed with anhydrous ether through Soxhlet to obtain a dark green transparent extract, removing ether from the dark green transparent extract and mixing it with alkaline anhydrous ethanol for saponification in a water bath, then acidifying it with concentrated sulfuric acid, taking the upper layer liquid, washing the upper layer liquid and mixing it with anhydrous methanol in a water bath, adding concentrated sulfuric acid and leaving it for 10 to 30 minutes, adding distilled water and ether, and letting it stand for stratification, removing the distilled water phase to obtain the hemp seed extract; 3) mixing the scutellaria baicalensis with 8 to 12 times the amount of water, soaking for 3 to 5 hours, then heating, and extracting by steam distillation to obtain a scutellaria baicalensis extract; 4) extracting the mixture of Alternanthera and anhydrous ethanol for 20 to 30 hours, filtering to obtain a residue and a filtrate A, extracting and filtering the residue with an equal amount of anhydrous ethanol three times, combining the filtrate A and the three filtrates of the residue, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain an Alternanthera extract; 5) extracting the mixed Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis and ethanol by ultrasonic method, filtering to obtain a filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain a Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis extract; 6) Mix the strychnine and 4 to 8 times the ethanol solution, heat and reflux for extraction, adjust the pH value to 2 to 3 with hydrochloric acid, filter, adjust the pH value of the filtrate to 9 to 10 with ammonia water, evaporate to dryness in a water bath, and dry to constant weight to obtain the strychnine extract; 7) Mixing bitter almond extract, hemp seed extract, scutellaria baicalensis extract, alternanthera zedoaria extract, sophora flavescens root extract and strychnos nux vomica extract to obtain an insecticide.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The decoction temperature in step 1) is 60-80° C., the decoction time is 40-80 min, and the mass ratio of bitter almonds to water during the decoction is 1:4-6; The first soaking time is 3 to 5 hours, and the mass ratio of bitter almonds to water during the first soaking is 1:1 to 3; The second soaking time is 4 to 6 hours, and the mass ratio of bitter almonds to water during the second soaking is 1:1 to 3.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass volume ratio of hemp seed and anhydrous ether in step 2) is 20-30g:140-160mL, the temperature of the Soxhlet extraction is 40-50°C, and the time of the Soxhlet extraction is 6-8h; the preparation method of the alkaline anhydrous ethanol is: mixing NaOH and anhydrous ethanol to obtain alkaline anhydrous ethanol, and the mass volume ratio of the NaOH and anhydrous ethanol is 1g:5-15mL.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature of the water bath saponification in step 2) is 75-80° C., and the time of the water bath saponification is 40-80 min.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2), the mass volume ratio of the upper layer liquid to anhydrous methanol is 1 g:10-30 mL; the mass volume ratio of the upper layer liquid, distilled water and ether is 1 g:20-30 mL:10-20 mL.

7. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass volume ratio of Alternanthera zeylanicum and anhydrous ethanol in step 4) is 1 g: 3-8 mL.

8. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 5), the mass volume ratio of Sophora flavescens to ethanol is 1 g: 20-30 mL; the volume fraction of ethanol is 50-70%; the extraction temperature is 40-50° C., and the extraction time is 40-80 min.

9. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 6), the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 40-60%, the number of extractions is 2-4 times, and the extraction time is 40-80 minutes.

10. Use of the insecticide according to claim 1 or the insecticide prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 8 in preventing and controlling fruit tree pests.

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