Suspension, pollen suspension, preparation method and pollination method

Abstract

The invention provides a suspension, a pollen suspension, a preparation method and a pollination method, and particularly belongs to the technical field of artificial pollination of fruit trees. The invention provides a suspension which comprises sucrose with the mass concentration of 100-120 g / L, boric acid with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.2 g / L, calcium gluconate with the mass concentration of 0.5-0.7 g / L and xanthan gum with the mass concentration of 0.5-0.6 g / L, and water serves as a solvent. The suspension is suitable for liquid pollination of kiwi fruits, and through the combination of cane sugar, boric acid, calcium gluconate and xanthan gum, uniform suspension of pollen in the solution can be ensured, pollen nutrition is provided, pollen swelling caused by water absorption is prevented, pollen germination and pollen tube extension are stimulated, and the pollination effect is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial pollination of fruit trees, and in particular relates to a suspension, a pollen suspension, a preparation method and a pollination method. Background Art

[0002] Kiwifruit belongs to the genus Actinidia of the family Actinidia, a perennial vine native to China. Kiwifruit has high nutritional value and is rich in vitamin C, minerals and soluble dietary fiber, and is known as the "king of fruits". Kiwifruit is dioecious, and the quality of pollination is a key factor in determining the fruit setting, yield and quality of kiwifruit. There are two main ways to configure pollination trees for natural pollination: wind pollination and insect pollination. The effect of wind pollination on kiwifruit pollination is difficult to determine, and the wind direction and wind speed are unpredictable. In cloudy days, low temperatures, and excessive wind speeds, the activities of insects will be greatly affected, and the effect of pollination will be greatly reduced, resulting in poor pollination. Artificial pollination is an important technical measure to promote pollination, improve fruit setting and fruit quality, and plays a very important role in production. Although the traditional artificial spot pollination method can achieve effective pollination, improve fruit setting and ensure fruit quality, it is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and requires a lot of manpower. It is difficult to complete pollination during the flowering period for flowers with large flowering volume, flowers that are too high above the crown or flowers on the periphery. Although the electric pollination gun can improve labor efficiency, it requires a lot of pollen in actual operation, and is easily affected by wind, rain and other weather conditions during operation. Liquid pollination is a new pollination technology that reduces labor costs, shortens labor time and improves labor efficiency while ensuring pollination and promoting fruit setting. The pollen sprayed by liquid pollination is uniform, fast, concentrated and accurate, which is suitable for the pollination needs of large-scale orchards. It can increase the moisture and nutrients of the stigma, prolong the pollination and fertilization time of the stigma, and complete the operation in a short flowering period. However, liquid pollination has two key problems that directly affect the quality of pollination. One is the problem of pollen suspension, and the other is the problem of pollen maintaining vitality in liquid. The pollen suspension of traditional liquid pollination is mainly composed of sucrose and boron. Pollen is prone to precipitation and quickly loses vitality, affecting the pollination effect. At present, there is a lack of a stable pollination product that can maintain the pollen germination rate. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a suspension, a pollen suspension, a preparation method and a pollination method. The liquid pollen suspension for pollination prepared by using the suspension of the present invention has good stability and high germination rate.

[0004] The invention provides a suspension, which comprises sucrose with a mass concentration of 100-120 g / L, boric acid of 0.1-0.2 g / L, calcium gluconate of 0.5-0.7 g / L and xanthan gum of 0.5-0.6 g / L, and the solvent is water.

[0005] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the suspension described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: mixing xanthan gum with water, heating and dissolving to obtain a xanthan gum solution, and mixing the xanthan gum solution with sucrose, calcium gluconate and boric acid to obtain a suspension.

[0006] The present invention also provides a pollen suspension, wherein raw materials for preparing the pollen suspension include the suspension and pollen described in the above technical solution.

[0007] Preferably, the pollen comprises kiwi pollen.

[0008] Preferably, the mass percentage of the pollen in the pollen suspension is 0.1-0.2%.

[0009] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the pollen suspension described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: mixing xanthan gum with water, heating and dissolving to obtain a xanthan gum solution, and mixing the xanthan gum solution with sucrose, calcium gluconate, boric acid and pollen to obtain a pollen suspension.

[0010] Preferably, when the pollen is frozen pollen, the pollen is pre-moistened; the pre-moistened process comprises taking out the pollen from the frozen environment, placing it at 4-5°C for 8-10 hours, rewarming and absorbing moisture at 15-22°C for 2-3 hours, and obtaining the pre-moistened pollen; the rewarming and absorbing moisture is carried out in an environment avoiding direct sunlight.

[0011] The present invention also provides the use of the suspension described in the above technical solution or the suspension prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution or the pollen suspension described in the above technical solution or the pollen suspension prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution in kiwi fruit pollination.

[0012] The present invention also provides a kiwi fruit liquid pollination method, comprising the following steps:

[0013] The pollen suspension described in the above technical solution or the pollen suspension prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution is used to perform liquid pollination on kiwifruit trees.

[0014] Preferably, the liquid pollination is carried out within 3 hours after the preparation of the pollen suspension.

[0015] The present invention provides a suspension. The suspension of the present invention is suitable for liquid pollination of kiwifruit. The combination of sucrose, boric acid, calcium gluconate and xanthan gum can ensure uniform suspension of pollen in the solution, provide pollen nutrition, prevent pollen from absorbing water and swelling, stimulate pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, and ensure pollination effect. In abnormal climates such as high temperature and drought during the flowering period of an orchard, liquid pollination can increase the moisture and nutrients of the stigma of the pistil, prolong the pollination and fertilization time of the stigma, and complete the operation in a short flowering period, which has the advantages of saving pollen, labor time and cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a result diagram of the effect of sucrose concentration on pollen germination rate provided by the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a result diagram of the effect of boric acid concentration on pollen germination rate provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a result diagram showing the effect of calcium gluconate concentration on pollen germination rate provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 A result diagram showing the effect of xanthan gum concentration on pollen germination rate provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a result diagram showing the effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose provided by the present invention on pollen germination rate;

[0022] Figure 6 A result diagram showing the effect of xanthan gum concentration on pollen concentration ratio provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the effect of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose concentration on the pollen concentration ratio provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The invention provides a suspension, which comprises sucrose with a mass concentration of 100-120 g / L, boric acid of 0.1-0.2 g / L, calcium gluconate of 0.5-0.7 g / L and xanthan gum of 0.5-0.6 g / L, and the solvent is water.

[0025] The suspension of the present invention comprises sucrose at a mass concentration of 100-120 g / L, more preferably 100 g / L. Sucrose can adjust the osmotic balance of pollen in the pollination solution, and is both a nutrient and an osmotic regulating substance to prevent pollen from swelling and bursting.

[0026] The suspension of the present invention comprises boric acid at a mass concentration of 0.1-0.2 g / L, more preferably 0.1 g / L. Boron in boric acid is an important component of the pollen tube cell wall and promotes the growth of the pollen tube.

[0027] The suspension of the present invention comprises calcium gluconate at a mass concentration of 0.5 to 0.7 g / L, more preferably 0.5 g / L. Calcium gluconate, as a food additive, has stable quality, low price, is easily soluble in water, and is an easily available and easy-to-use calcium source. The calcium ions provided by calcium gluconate can stimulate pollen germination, especially the elongation of pollen tubes, and is a preferred choice for replacing calcium nitrate; at the same time, glucose can not only be used as an energy substance, but also a signal molecule involved in the regulation of pollen tube growth.

[0028] The suspension of the present invention comprises xanthan gum at a mass concentration of 0.5-0.6 g / L, more preferably 0.5 g / L. Xanthan gum has excellent properties of bonding, profit increasing, emulsification, suspension, film forming, colloid protection, moisture retention, anti-enzymatic hydrolysis and metabolic inertness, etc., which can ensure the uniform suspension of pollen in the solution, and has better effect than sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and is more than 30% cheaper.

[0029] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the suspension described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: mixing xanthan gum with water, heating and dissolving to obtain a xanthan gum solution, and mixing the xanthan gum solution with sucrose, calcium gluconate and boric acid to obtain a suspension. The xanthan gum solution of the present invention is preferably cooled to 20-25° C. before mixing with other raw materials. The present invention preferably adds sucrose, calcium gluconate and boric acid to the xanthan gum solution in sequence, and preferably mixes each raw material evenly. The suspension of the present invention is preferably used in conjunction with pollen for liquid pollination of pollen, and more preferably for liquid pollination of kiwi pollen. The suspension of the present invention can ensure that the pollen is evenly suspended in the suspension, provide pollen nutrition, prevent pollen from absorbing water and bursting, stimulate pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, and ensure pollination efficiency at the same time.

[0030] The present invention also provides a pollen suspension, wherein the raw materials for preparing the pollen suspension include the suspension and pollen described in the above technical solution. The pollen suspension described in the present invention is preferably prepared and used immediately. Or the pollen suspension described in the present invention is preferably used within 3 hours after preparation. In the present invention, the pollen preferably includes kiwi pollen. In the present invention, the mass percentage of the pollen in the pollen suspension is preferably 0.1 to 0.2%. The pollen described in the present invention is preferably freshly collected pollen or frozen pollen. In the present invention, the kiwi pollen preferably includes red sun kiwi pollen.

[0031] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the pollen suspension described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: mixing xanthan gum with water, heating and dissolving to obtain a xanthan gum solution, mixing the xanthan gum solution with sucrose, calcium gluconate, boric acid and pollen to obtain a pollen suspension. In the present invention, sucrose, calcium gluconate, boric acid and pollen are preferably added to the xanthan gum solution in sequence, and each raw material is preferably mixed evenly. The pollen described in the present invention is preferably freshly collected pollen or frozen pollen. In the present invention, when the pollen is frozen pollen, the pollen is pre-wetted; the pre-wet treatment includes taking the pollen out of the frozen storage environment, placing it at 4-5°C for 8-10h, rewarming at 15-22°C and absorbing moisture for 2-3h, and obtaining the pollen after pre-wet treatment; the rewarming and absorbing moisture are performed in an environment avoiding direct sunlight. In the present invention, the germination rate of the pollen is preferably 70-80%. In the present invention, the water used in the moisture absorption treatment is preferably pure water. Moisture absorption is preferably a process of absorbing moisture in a natural environment.

[0032] The present invention also provides the use of the suspension described in the above technical solution or the suspension prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution or the pollen suspension described in the above technical solution or the pollen suspension prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution in kiwi fruit pollination.

[0033] The present invention also provides a kiwi fruit liquid pollination method, comprising the following steps:

[0034] Take the pollen suspension described in the above technical solution or the pollen suspension prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution, and perform liquid pollination on the kiwifruit tree. In the present invention, the pollen suspension is preferably used for liquid pollination within 3 hours from the completion of preparation. That is, the addition of pollen to the suspension should be completed within 3 hours. The pollen suspension of the present invention is preferably sprayed directly on the opening female flowers of kiwifruit. The present invention has no special limitation on the spraying device, which can be a spray pot. The present invention is preferably sprayed at a distance of 15 to 20 cm from the female flower, and the liquid droplets are sprayed until the stigma of the female flower is about to drip.

[0035] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a suspension, a pollen suspension, a preparation method and a pollination method provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] The pollination test was conducted at the kiwifruit production, education and research base in Liupanshui City. Flowers of the 'Hongyang' kiwifruit in the large bud stage were selected as the pollination test objects. Five 'Hongyang' kiwifruits with consistent growth, normal flowers and uniform flower quantity were selected as a pollinated test tree. Natural pollination was set as the control group. The fruit setting rate was calculated 20 days after pollination, and the average value of the five test plants was taken. The single fruit weight of each embodiment was collected and calculated after maturity, and the average value was taken. Liquid pollination was carried out in the morning of sunny weather at the large bud stage of the 'Hongyang' kiwifruit.

[0038] Data analysis: Microsoft Excel was used to analyze experimental data, and SPSS16.0 software was used to perform one-way variance analysis (data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, X ± S) and correlation analysis. The membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the pollination effect, and the membership value of each indicator was calculated. If a certain indicator was positively correlated with the pollination effect,

[0039] Then the formula is:

[0040] If a certain indicator is negatively correlated with pollination effect,

[0041] The formula used is: Where:

[0042] X i is the measured value of a certain indicator;

[0043] X max It is the maximum value of a certain measurement index;

[0044] X min It is the minimum value of a certain measurement indicator.

[0045] Add up the membership values ​​of all indicators and calculate their average value. The larger the average value, the better the pollination effect.

[0046] (1) Suspension configuration test

[0047] The single factor test method was used to screen the components of pollen suspension.

[0048] First, according to the mass-volume ratio, the sucrose concentration gradient was set to 0 g / L, 20 g / L, 40 g / L, 60 g / L, 80 g / L, 100 g / L, 120 g / L, and 140 g / L, and the remaining component was water, and the optimal sucrose concentration was screened out as A;

[0049] On the basis of sucrose concentration A, the concentration gradient of boric acid was set to 0 g / L, 0.02 g / L, 0.04 g / L, 0.06 g / L, 0.08 g / L, 0.10 g / L, 0.12 g / L, 0.14 g / L, and the remaining component was water, and the optimal boric acid concentration B was screened;

[0050] On the basis of sucrose concentration A + boric acid concentration B, the concentration gradient of calcium gluconate was set to 0 g / L, 0.10 g / L, 0.30 g / L, 0.50 g / L, 0.70 g / L, 0.90 g / L, and the remaining component was water, and the optimal calcium gluconate concentration C was screened;

[0051] On the basis of A sucrose + B boric acid + C calcium gluconate, the concentration gradient of xanthan gum was set to 0g / L, 0.10g / L, 0.30g / L, 0.50g / L, 0.70g / L, 0.90g / L, and the remaining components were water, and the optimal xanthan gum concentration D was screened;

[0052] Pollen germination was cultured in a moisturizing environment at 25°C for 2 h in the dark. Pollen was considered to have germinated when the length of the pollen tube exceeded the diameter of the pollen grain. The pollen germination rate was calculated.

[0053] The results showed that the most suitable suspension for pollen germination was 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate + 0.50g / L xanthan gum.

[0054] Experimental Group:

[0055] Preparation of pollen suspension: weigh 0.50g xanthan gum according to the mass ratio, add purified water, heat to dissolve and then cool to 20-25°C, then add 100g sucrose, 0.10g boric acid and 0.50g calcium gluconate in sequence and stir to fully dissolve, finally add kiwi pollen ('Hongyang♂', pollen activity is 80.29%) that has been tested for activity, stir evenly to disperse it evenly in the solution, fix the volume to 1000mL, and obtain a pollen suspension.

[0056] Control group:

[0057] Preparation of pollen suspension: weigh 0.06g sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, add purified water, dissolve it in boiling water and cool to room temperature, then add 100g sucrose, 0.10g boric acid and 0.50g calcium gluconate in sequence and stir to fully dissolve it, finally add kiwi pollen ('Hongyang♂', pollen activity is 80.29%) that has been tested for activity, stir evenly to disperse it evenly in the solution, and make up to 1000mL to obtain a pollen suspension.

[0058] Pollen suspension screening results Figure 1 to Figure 7 As shown:

[0059] The pollen germination test was carried out using the most suitable suspension for pollen germination, 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate + 0.50g xanthan gum, and 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate + 0.06g sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (control group). After culturing for 2.0h, the germination rate of pollen was observed under a microscope. The statistical results are as follows: Figure 1 to Figure 7 As shown:

[0060] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that when the sucrose concentration is between 60 and 100 g / L, it has a better effect on promoting pollen germination, among which 100 g / L sucrose has the best pollen germination rate.

[0061] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that at a sucrose concentration of 100g / L, the concentration of boric acid was screened and it was found that adding boric acid to the culture solution could increase the pollen germination rate. When the boric acid concentration was 0.10g / L, the pollen germination rate reached the highest. Therefore, when the culture solution ratio was 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid, the pollen germination rate was better.

[0062] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the concentration of calcium gluconate was screened on the basis of 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid. It can be seen that adding calcium gluconate to the culture medium can increase the pollen germination rate, and the maximum value is reached when the calcium gluconate concentration is 0.50g / L. Therefore, when the culture medium ratio is 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate, the pollen germination rate is the best.

[0063] Depend on Figure 4 , Figure 5It can be seen that low concentrations of xanthan gum and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose can promote pollen germination. Screening of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and xanthan gum concentrations on the basis of 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate shows that when the culture solution ratio is 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate + 0.50g / L xanthan gum, the pollen suspension has a higher pollen germination rate. When the culture solution ratio is 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate + 0.60g / L sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the pollen suspension has a lower pollen germination rate.

[0064] In the mixture of 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate, different concentrations of xanthan or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were added, and the number of pollen was counted using a hemocytometer. The statistical results are as follows: Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown:

[0065] Depend on Figure 6 The effect of xanthan gum concentration on pollen concentration ratio shows that the addition of xanthan gum has a promoting effect on the suspension of pollen. As the concentration of xanthan gum increases, the pollen suspension effect is better. As the standing time changes, the pollen concentration in the suspension decreases and the pollen sedimentation rate is slow. When the xanthan gum concentration is 0.90g / L, the highest pollen concentration is 51.81% after standing for 2h.

[0066] according to Figure 7 The effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose concentration on the pollen concentration ratio shows that as the suspension standing time increases, the pollen concentration in the suspension increases with the increase of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose concentration. As the standing time increases, the pollen concentration decreases. After the suspension is standing for 2 hours, the pollen concentration in the suspension with 1.0g / L sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is the largest, with a ratio of 36.04%.

[0067] In summary, considering the pollen germination rate, 100 g / L sucrose + 0.10 g / L boric acid + 0.50 g / L calcium gluconate + 0.50 g / L xanthan gum were selected for subsequent liquid pollination experiments.

[0068] (2) Effects of suspension formulations containing different stabilizers (xanthan gum and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) on kiwifruit pollination

[0069] Comparison of the differences between xanthan gum and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose during the pollination process using liquid pollination.

[0070] Experimental Group:

[0071] Weigh 0.50 g of xanthan gum according to the mass ratio, add purified water, heat to dissolve and then cool to room temperature, then add 100 g of sucrose, 0.10 g of boric acid and 0.50 g of calcium gluconate in sequence and stir to fully dissolve, and adjust the volume to 1000 mL to obtain a suspension a.

[0072] Control group:

[0073] Weigh 0.06 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose according to the mass ratio, add purified water, dissolve it in boiling water and cool it to room temperature, then add 100 g of sucrose, 0.10 g of boric acid and 0.50 g of calcium gluconate in sequence and stir to fully dissolve them, and adjust the volume to 1000 mL to obtain suspension b.

[0074] Spraying of pollination liquid: Add the collected pollen to suspension a and suspension b respectively, stir evenly to make pollen suspension a and pollen suspension b. During the large bud stage of 'Hongyang♀' kiwifruit, use an ordinary spray pot to spray the pollination liquid for pollination. The spraying time is 8:00-11:00 in the morning, and spray until the droplets are about to drip.

[0075] The results are as follows:

[0076] Table 1 Effect of xanthan gum pollination on the appearance quality of kiwifruit

[0077] Pollen concentration Fruit setting rate (%) Single fruit weight (g) Longitudinal diameter(mm) Horizontal diameter(mm) Fruit shape index 0.10g / L pollen 89.01±0.53ab 70.70±10.82e 51.08±2.90c 46.85±1.20c 1.09±0.07a 0.50g / L pollen 89.48±0.81ab 78.52±11.75c 51.45±0.84c 49.10±1.13b 1.05±0.03a 1.00g / L Pollen 90.51±0.81a 75.28±11.29d 52.55±1.57bc 49.98±0.70b 1.05±0.04a 1.50g / L pollen 90.13±0.91a 86.69±10.84b 53.90±1.97ab 50.49±3.83b 1.07±0.11a 2.00g / L pollen 87.67±1.80b 92.25±10.78a 55.56±1.44a 53.31±2.02a 1.04±0.04a

[0078] Note: The data in the table are expressed as "mean ± standard deviation", and different lowercase letters in the same column represent differences at the P<0.05 level. (The same below)

[0079] From the effect of xanthan gum pollination on the appearance quality of kiwifruit in Table 1, it can be seen that adding different pollen concentrations to the xanthan gum suspension has no significant effect on the fruit setting rate of kiwifruit. When 2.00g / L pollen is added, the maximum single fruit weight is 92.25g, and the maximum fruit diameter is 53.31mm.

[0080] Table 2 Correlation analysis of the effect of xanthan gum pollination on the appearance quality of kiwifruit

[0081] parameter Fruit setting rate (%) Single fruit weight (g) Longitudinal diameter(mm) Horizontal diameter(mm) Fruit shape index Fruit setting rate (%) 1 Single fruit weight (g) 0.007 1 Longitudinal diameter(mm) -0.111 0.814** 1 Horizontal diameter(mm) -0.009 0.620** 0.492** 1 Fruit shape index -0.066 0.202 0.483** -0.518** 1

[0082] Note: *. At the 0.05 level (bilateral), there is a significant correlation, **. At the 0.01 level (bilateral), there is a significant correlation. (The same below)

[0083] The correlation analysis of xanthan gum pollination on the appearance quality of kiwifruit showed (Table 2) that single fruit weight was significantly positively correlated with the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter (P<0.01). The longitudinal diameter was significantly positively correlated with the transverse diameter and fruit shape index (P<0.01). The transverse diameter was significantly negatively correlated with the fruit shape index (P<0.01).

[0084] Table 3 Membership function values ​​of the effect of xanthan gum pollination on the appearance quality of kiwifruit

[0085]

[0086] As shown in Table 3, in the xanthan gum suspension, adding 1.50g / L pollen has the best effect on the appearance quality of kiwifruit. When the pollen concentration is 0.10g / L, it has no significant effect on the appearance quality of kiwifruit.

[0087] Table 4 Effects of xanthan gum pollination on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit

[0088]

[0089] It can be seen from Table 4 that in the liquid pollination with stabilizer 0.50g / L xanthan gum, when the pollen concentration is 0.10g / L, the maximum soluble solids is 14.63%, the maximum vitamin C is 134.03mg / 100g, and the maximum soluble sugar is 14.05%; when the pollen concentration is 0.50g / L, the maximum soluble solids is 14.67%; when the pollen concentration is 1.00g / L, the maximum dry matter is 22.26%, and the maximum vitamin C is 133.29mg / 100g; when the pollen concentration is 1.50g / L, the number of seeds in a single fruit is 443; when the pollen concentration is 2.00g / L, the maximum number of seeds in a single fruit is 459.

[0090] As shown in Table 5, soluble solids were significantly positively correlated with vitamin C (P<0.05) and extremely significantly negatively correlated with seed thousand-grain weight (P<0.01). Vitamin C was significantly positively correlated with soluble sugar, sugar-acid ratio, and the number of seeds per fruit (P<0.05). Soluble sugar was extremely significantly positively correlated with sugar-acid ratio and the number of seeds per fruit (P<0.01). Sugar-acid ratio was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the number of seeds per fruit (P<0.01).

[0091] Table 5 Correlation analysis of the effects of xanthan gum pollination on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit

[0092]

[0093] Table 6 Membership function values ​​of the effect of xanthan gum pollination on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit

[0094]

[0095] From the membership function values ​​in Table 6, it can be seen that adding 0.10 g / L pollen to the xanthan gum suspension has the best effect on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit.

[0096] Table 7 Effect of sodium carboxymethylcellulose pollination on the appearance quality of kiwifruit

[0097] Pollen concentration Fruit setting rate (%) Single fruit weight (g) Longitudinal diameter(mm) Horizontal diameter(mm) Fruit shape index 0.10g / L pollen 88.77±1.72a 73.79±10.67c 50.60±1.14c 44.75±2.62d 1.13±0.07a 0.50g / L pollen 88.85±1.21a 74.19±9.95c 51.68±2.35bc 46.90±1.52c 1.10±0.07a 1.00g / L Pollen 89.31±0.95a 84.31±10.22b 52.50±1.47b 48.14±1.14b 1.09±0.05a 1.50g / L pollen 89.32±1.52a 85.62±11.21b 54.05±1.22a 52.02±1.19a 1.04±0.03b 2.00g / L pollen 90.15±1.79a 92.67±10.90a 54.79±1.75a 52.59±1.82a 1.04±0.05b

[0098] As shown in Table 7, adding different pollen concentrations to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose suspension has no significant effect on the fruit setting rate of kiwifruit. When the suspension ratio is 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate + 0.60g / L sodium carboxymethyl cellulose + 2.00g / L pollen, the maximum single fruit weight is 92.67g.

[0099] Table 8 Correlation analysis of sodium carboxymethylcellulose pollination on kiwifruit appearance quality

[0100] parameter Fruit setting rate (%) Single fruit weight (g) Longitudinal diameter(mm) Horizontal diameter(mm) Fruit shape index Fruit setting rate (%) 1 Single fruit weight (g) 0.058 1 Longitudinal diameter(mm) 0.551* 0.659** 1 Horizontal diameter(mm) -0.410 0.795** 0.571** 1 Fruit shape index 0.585* -0.491** 0.032 -0.800** 1

[0101] The correlation analysis of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose pollination on the appearance quality of kiwifruit showed (Table 8) that the fruit setting rate had no correlation with single fruit weight and transverse diameter (P>0.05), but was significantly positively correlated with the longitudinal diameter and fruit shape index (P<0.05). Single fruit weight was extremely significantly positively correlated with the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter (P<0.01), and extremely significantly negatively correlated with the fruit shape index (P<0.01). The longitudinal diameter was extremely significantly positively correlated with the transverse diameter (P<0.01), and had no correlation with the fruit shape index (P>0.05). The transverse diameter was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the fruit shape index (P<0.01).

[0102] Table 9 The membership function values ​​of the effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose pollination on the appearance quality of kiwifruit

[0103] Pollen concentration Fruit setting rate (%) Single fruit weight (g) Longitudinal diameter(mm) Horizontal diameter(mm) Fruit shape index Comprehensive evaluation value Ranking 0.10g / L pollen 0.33 0.12 0.22 0.17 0.60 0.29 5 0.50g / L pollen 0.35 0.30 0.34 0.30 0.52 0.36 4 1.00g / L Pollen 0.44 0.56 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.46 3 1.50g / L pollen 0.44 0.61 0.61 0.73 0.24 0.53 2 2.00g / L pollen 0.60 0.90 0.69 0.78 0.25 0.64 1

[0104] As shown in Table 9, in the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose suspension, with the increase of pollen concentration, the appearance quality of kiwifruit is improved, and when 2.00 g / L pollen is added to the suspension, the appearance quality of kiwifruit is better.

[0105] Table 10 Effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose pollination on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit

[0106]

[0107] It can be seen from Table 10 that in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose liquid pollination, when the pollen concentration is 0.10g / L, the maximum number of seeds in a single fruit is 413; when the pollen concentration is 0.50g / L, the maximum soluble solids are 16.10%, the maximum vitamin C is 129.18mg / 100g, and the maximum soluble sugar is 14.12%; when the pollen concentration is 1.00g / L, the vitamin C is 127.86mg / 100g; when the pollen concentration is 1.50g / L, the maximum dry matter of the pollinated fruit is 21.29%; with the increase of pollen concentration, there is no obvious effect on fruit quality.

[0108] Table 11 Correlation analysis of the effects of sodium carboxymethylcellulose pollination on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit

[0109]

[0110]

[0111] As shown in Table 11, dry matter was significantly negatively correlated with organic acid (P<0.05), and extremely significantly positively correlated with the number of seeds per fruit (P<0.01). Soluble solids were extremely significantly positively correlated with soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio (P<0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with seed thousand-grain weight (P<0.05). Soluble sugar was extremely significantly positively correlated with sugar-acid ratio (P<0.01), and extremely significantly negatively correlated with seed thousand-grain weight (P<0.01). Sugar-acid ratio was extremely significantly negatively correlated with seed thousand-grain weight (P<0.01).

[0112] Table 12 Membership function values ​​of the effects of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose pollination on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit

[0113]

[0114] From the membership function values ​​of the effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose pollination on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit in Table 12, it can be seen that adding 1.50 g / L pollen to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose suspension has a better effect on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit.

[0115] Table 13 Comprehensive evaluation value of membership function of liquid pollination on kiwifruit quality

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] As can be seen from Table 13, by comparing the comprehensive evaluation values ​​of the membership function of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose pollination, it can be seen that in the membership function of appearance quality, 2.00g / L pollen has the best appearance quality; in the membership function of intrinsic quality, 1.50g / L pollen has the best intrinsic quality; based on the membership function values ​​of appearance quality and intrinsic quality, it can be seen that 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate + 0.60g / L sodium carboxymethyl cellulose + 1.50g / L pollen has the best effect of liquid pollination. By comparing the comprehensive evaluation values ​​of the membership function of xanthan gum pollination, it can be seen that in the membership function of appearance quality, the appearance quality of 1.50g / L pollen is the best; in the membership function of intrinsic quality, the intrinsic quality of 0.10g / L pollen is the best; based on the membership function values ​​of appearance quality and intrinsic quality, it can be seen that 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate + 0.50g / L xanthan gum + 0.10g / L pollen has the best effect of liquid pollination.

[0119] As shown in Table 13, the comprehensive evaluation values ​​of the membership functions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and xanthan gum show that in the membership function of appearance quality, the scores of both stabilizers can reach 0.64. Under the same effect, the amount of pollen used in xanthan gum is less than that of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; in the membership function of intrinsic quality, the score of xanthan gum can reach 0.69, which is higher than that of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; in comprehensive comparison, the use of xanthan gum can not only save pollen, but also has a good pollination effect and is cheap. The final ratio is 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate + 0.50g / L xanthan gum + 0.10g / L pollen.

[0120] (3) Effect of calcium gluconate on pollination

[0121] Experimental Group:

[0122] Add calcium gluconate, the suspension formula is 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate + 0.50g / L xanthan gum + 0.10g / L pollen ('Hongyang♂', pollen activity is 80.29%);

[0123] Comparison group:

[0124] No calcium gluconate was added, and the suspension formula was 100 g / L sucrose + 0.10 g / L boric acid + 0.50 g / L xanthan gum + 0.10 g / L pollen.

[0125] Spraying of pollination liquid: Add the collected pollen to the suspension, stir evenly to make a pollen suspension. During the large bud stage of 'Hongyang♀' kiwifruit, use an ordinary spray pot to spray the pollination liquid for pollination. The spraying time is 8:00-11:00 in the morning, and spray until the droplets are about to drip.

[0126] The results are as follows:

[0127] Table 14 Effect of calcium gluconate on pollination

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] Note: The data in the table are expressed as "mean ± SD". Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate differences at the P < 0.05 level.

[0131] From the effect of calcium gluconate on pollination in Table 14, it can be seen that adding calcium gluconate in the ratio of 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate + 0.50g / L xanthan gum + 0.10g / L pollen after pollination can significantly increase the single fruit weight, dry matter, vitamin C, soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio of kiwifruit.

[0132] (4) Effects of different pollination methods on kiwifruit

[0133] Experimental Group:

[0134] Select 100g / L sucrose + 0.10g / L boric acid + 0.50g / L calcium gluconate + 0.50g / L xanthan gum + 1.50g / L pollen for liquid pollination.

[0135] Comparison group:

[0136] Natural pollination: The formulated pollination trees are mainly pollinated naturally by wind and insect pollination;

[0137] Dry pollination: Use a goose feather pollination pen to dip the pollen on the stigma of the pistil;

[0138] Dry powder spraying: pollination using a powder spraying machine.

[0139] The results are as follows:

[0140] Table 15 Effects of different pollination methods on the appearance quality of kiwifruit

[0141]

[0142]

[0143] As shown in Table 15, compared with natural pollination, artificial assisted pollination significantly increased the fruit setting rate and single fruit weight of kiwifruit. The three different artificial assisted pollination methods had the same effect on the fruit setting rate and single fruit weight of kiwifruit. Among them, dry pollination significantly increased the longitudinal diameter of the fruit, thereby increasing the fruit shape index and improving the shape of kiwifruit.

[0144] Table 16 Correlation analysis of the effects of different pollination methods on the appearance quality of kiwifruit

[0145] parameter Fruit setting rate (%) Single fruit weight (g) Longitudinal diameter(mm) Horizontal diameter(mm) Fruit shape index Fruit setting rate (%) 1 Single fruit weight (g) -0.077 1 Longitudinal diameter(mm) 0.207 0.378* 1 Horizontal diameter(mm) -0.327 0.119 -0.481** 1 Fruit shape index 0.258 0.188 0.898** -0.814** 1

[0146] The correlation analysis of the effects of different pollination methods on the appearance quality of kiwifruit showed (Table 16) that single fruit weight was significantly positively correlated with the longitudinal diameter (P<0.05). The longitudinal diameter was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the transverse diameter (P<0.01), and extremely significantly positively correlated with the fruit shape index (P<0.01). The transverse diameter was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the fruit shape index (P<0.01).

[0147] Table 17 The membership function values ​​of different pollination methods on the appearance quality of kiwifruit

[0148] Pollination method Fruit setting rate (%) Single fruit weight (g) Longitudinal diameter(mm) Horizontal diameter(mm) Fruit shape index Comprehensive evaluation value Ranking Natural pollination 0.06 0.18 0.33 0.44 0.36 0.27 4 Dry powder spraying 0.96 0.74 0.80 0.33 0.72 0.71 1 Dry powder spray 0.94 0.80 0.47 0.53 0.39 0.63 2 Liquid pollination 0.92 0.37 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.51 3

[0149] From the membership function values ​​of different pollination methods on the appearance quality of kiwifruit in Table 17, we can see that the membership function values ​​of dry powder spot pollination on the fruit setting rate, longitudinal diameter, and fruit shape index of kiwifruit are the largest; the membership function values ​​of dry powder spraying on the single fruit weight and transverse diameter of kiwifruit are the largest. The comprehensive membership function average values ​​show that dry powder spot pollination has the best effect on the appearance quality of kiwifruit, followed by dry powder spraying.

[0150]

[0151]

[0152] Table 18 Effects of different pollination methods on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit

[0153] As shown in Table 18, different pollination methods have an impact on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit. Compared with natural pollination, dry powder spot pollination, dry powder spray pollination, and liquid pollination all increased the soluble solids and sugar-acid ratio of kiwifruit. Among them, the maximum soluble solids of dry powder spot pollination was 16.37%, the maximum vitamin C was 144.26 mg / 100g, and the maximum number of seeds per fruit was 497; the maximum soluble sugar of dry powder spray pollination was 12.93%; the maximum soluble sugar of liquid pollination was 13.10%;

[0154] Table 19 Correlation analysis of the effects of different pollination methods on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit

[0155]

[0156] As shown in Table 19, dry matter was significantly positively correlated with soluble solids and vitamin C (P<0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with organic acid (P<0.05). Soluble solids were significantly positively correlated with vitamin C (P<0.05). Vitamin C was significantly positively correlated with the number of seeds per fruit (P<0.05). Soluble sugar was significantly positively correlated with the sugar-acid ratio (P<0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with the number of seeds per fruit (P<0.01). The sugar-acid ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the number of seeds per fruit (P<0.05).

[0157] Table 20 The membership function values ​​of the effects of different pollination methods on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] From the membership function values ​​in Table 20, we can see that the membership function values ​​of dry powder spot pollination on soluble solids, vitamin C, and the number of seeds per fruit are the largest; the membership function values ​​of liquid pollination on dry matter, soluble sugar, sugar-acid ratio, and seed 1000-grain weight are the largest. Based on the average membership function values ​​of various kiwifruit indicators, we can see that liquid pollination has the best effect on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit, followed by dry powder spraying, and natural pollination has the worst effect on the intrinsic quality of kiwifruit.

[0161] Table 21 Membership function values ​​of the effects of different pollination methods on kiwifruit quality

[0162] Pollination method Appearance quality membership function value Intrinsic quality membership function value Comprehensive average Ranking Natural pollination 0.27 0.34 0.31 4 Dry powder spraying 0.71 0.58 0.65 1 Dry powder spray 0.63 0.56 0.60 3 Liquid pollination 0.51 0.73 0.62 2

[0163] From the membership function values ​​of the effects of different pollination methods on kiwifruit quality in Table 21, it can be seen that dry pollination has the best effect on kiwifruit quality, followed by liquid pollination.

[0164] Table 22 Pollination effect comparison

[0165]

[0166] As shown in Table 22, in terms of pollen usage, the amount of pollen used for liquid pollination per mu of land is 8.71g, and the working time is 3.52h; the amount of pollen used for dry powder spot pollination is 13.90g, and the working time is 7.23h; the amount of pollen used for dry powder spraying is 25.74g, and the working time is 3.57h. Compared with dry powder spot pollination, liquid pollination can save 5.19g of pollen and 3.71h of working time per mu of land; compared with dry powder spraying, liquid pollination can save 17.03g of pollen and 0.05h of working time per mu of land; it can be seen that liquid pollination can save pollen usage and shorten working time.

[0167] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A suspension, It is characterized in that The suspension comprises sucrose with a mass concentration of 100-120 g / L, boric acid of 0.1-0.2 g / L, calcium gluconate of 0.5-0.7 g / L and xanthan gum of 0.5-0.6 g / L, and the solvent is water.

2. A method for preparing the suspension according to claim 1, The following steps are involved: The xanthan gum is mixed with water and heated to dissolve to obtain a xanthan gum solution, and the xanthan gum solution is mixed with sucrose, calcium gluconate and boric acid to obtain a suspension.

3. A pollen suspension, It is characterized in that The raw materials for preparing the pollen suspension include the suspension according to claim 1 and pollen.

4. The pollen suspension according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The pollen includes kiwi pollen.

5. The pollen suspension according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The mass percentage of the pollen in the pollen suspension is 0.1-0.2%.

6. The method for preparing the pollen suspension according to claims 3 to 5, The following steps are involved: The xanthan gum is mixed with water, and heated to dissolve to obtain a xanthan gum solution. The xanthan gum solution is mixed with sucrose, calcium gluconate, boric acid and pollen to obtain a pollen suspension.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, It is characterized in that When the pollen is frozen pollen, the pollen is pre-moistened; the pre-moistened process includes taking out the pollen from the frozen environment, placing it at 4-5°C for 8-10 hours, rewarming and absorbing moisture at 15-22°C for 2-3 hours, and obtaining the pre-moistened pollen; the rewarming and absorbing moisture is carried out in an environment avoiding direct sunlight.

8. Use of the suspension according to claim 1 or the suspension prepared by the preparation method according to claim 2 or the pollen suspension according to any one of claims 3 to 5 or the pollen suspension prepared by the preparation method according to claim 6 or 7 in kiwi fruit pollination.

9. A kiwi liquid pollination method, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: The pollen suspension according to any one of claims 3 to 5 or the pollen suspension prepared by the preparation method according to claim 6 or 7 is used to perform liquid pollination on kiwifruit trees.

10. The kiwi fruit liquid pollination method according to claim 9, It is characterized in that The liquid pollination is carried out within 3 hours after the preparation of the pollen suspension.

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