Method for increasing survival rate of young panda

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of small panda feeding, in particular to a method for improving the survival rate of small panda cubs, which comprises the following steps: S1, arranging a feeding environment: controlling the noise, temperature and humidity of the feeding environment, and arranging an independent delivery room for female animals in a perinatal period; s2, placing the newborn baby in a breeding box, and adjusting the temperature according to the age of day; s3, full-artificial juvenile rearing or semi-artificial juvenile rearing is adopted in the juvenile rearing process, wherein in the full-artificial juvenile rearing process, formula milk is firstly fed, and then formula milk, concentrated feed, fruits, vegetables and bamboo leaves are fed; and supplementary feeding of formula milk is carried out in the semi-artificial juvenile rearing process. The method is scientific, effective and high in operability. By means of the technical method, the breeding rate of the pandas is promoted to be stably increased, the survival rate of the young pandas is increased to 91.6% from the initial 50%, and the method is in the leading level in the technical field of artificial breeding of the pandas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of red panda breeding, in particular to a method for improving the survival rate of red panda cubs. Background Art

[0002] The red panda (Latin name: Ailurus fulgens), also known as the "red panda", belongs to the class Mammalia, order Carnivora, family Ailuridae. It is mainly distributed in the Himalayas and the mountains in southwestern China. Sichuan Province in China is the concentrated distribution area of ​​the red panda. The red panda has now specialized into an animal that mainly feeds on bamboo leaves. It was originally a monotypic species with two subspecies. The latest classification evidence shows that the two subspecies can be independently divided into two species. The nominate subspecies has been upgraded to the Himalayan red panda (Ailurus fulgens), and the Sichuan subspecies has been upgraded to the Chinese red panda (Ailurus styani). The Himalayan red panda is located in the western half of the red panda distribution area, including India, Nepal and Bhutan, as well as Tibet and Yunnan in China; while the Chinese red panda is located in the eastern part of the distribution area, mainly in Myanmar and Sichuan and Yunnan in China.

[0003] Red pandas are very unique in taxonomy, forming a separate family - the Ailuridae, which makes them essentially different from other common small and medium-sized mammals (such as raccoons, lemurs or cats) in terms of phylogeny. At the same time, compared with giant pandas, they are quite different in biology and conservation. Although both are "pandas" and have received varying degrees of protection, the protection measures, strategies and strength of giant pandas are much higher than those of red pandas; the same is true in scientific research. There are more comprehensive and in-depth studies on giant pandas, while there are relatively few studies on red pandas; red pandas are timid and alert by nature, have more complex sociality, have higher difficulty in breeding and raising young, and face greater threats to their survival.

[0004] In recent years, with the interference of human activities, habitat fragmentation has seriously threatened the survival of red pandas. Red pandas have highly specialized diets, relatively long breeding cycles and high cub mortality rates. Once the population declines, it is difficult to recover. In captivity, the natural mating rate and conception rate of red pandas are high, but the cub survival rate is low; currently, the low cub survival rate has become the main problem restricting the management of captive red panda populations. In view of the current status of artificial breeding management of red pandas, it is urgent to solve this problem and provide technical support for red panda breeding units, so as to improve the survival rate of red panda cubs and establish a scientific, healthy and stable captive red panda population. Summary of the invention

[0005] Technical problems solved by the present invention:

[0006] To solve the problem of low survival rate of existing red panda cubs.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention summarizes the advanced technology and practical experience of my country's wild animal breeding and breeding institutions in the artificial breeding and management of red pandas, widely absorbs and draws on the latest scientific research results at home and abroad, and provides a method for improving the survival rate of red panda cubs through continuous work practice. The specific contents are as follows:

[0009] S1 Arrange the feeding environment: control the noise, temperature and humidity of the feeding environment, and set up independent delivery rooms for perinatal females;

[0010] S2 newborn pups are placed in an incubator and the temperature is adjusted according to their age;

[0011] S3 adopts full artificial rearing or semi-artificial rearing: in the full artificial rearing process, formula milk is first fed as the age increases, and then formula milk, concentrated feed, fruits and vegetables and bamboo leaves are fed; in the semi-artificial rearing process, formula milk is supplemented.

[0012] In the present invention, in S1, the noise of the breeding environment is controlled to be no higher than 60dB, the temperature is controlled at 18°C ​​to 25°C, and the relative humidity is 50% to 70%.

[0013] In the present invention, in S2, the initial temperature is 34°C, which is lowered by 0.5°C to 1°C every day. After 7 days, the temperature of the incubator is maintained at 31°C. After 30 days of age, the temperature is gradually reduced to 28°C and maintained thereafter, and the humidity of the incubator is controlled at 60-70%.

[0014] In the present invention, all artificial raising includes:

[0015] The formula of concentrated feed is calculated by weight percentage: 20-30% corn, 20-30% wheat bran, 12-22% rice, 10-20% soybean, 8-15% egg, 1-3% white sugar, 1-3% monocalcium phosphate, 0.5-1.5% heavy calcium carbonate, 0.5-1% salt, and 0.5-1% vegetable oil.

[0016] As mentioned above, as the age of the red panda increases, the body functions of the red panda cubs continue to improve. After 3 months of age, the cubs will begin to switch from eating liquid food to solid food. During this period, gradually adding solid complementary foods will help the animals to transition smoothly and grow healthily, and promote gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. Eventually, formula milk will be weaned off and solid food will be eaten completely. The concentrated feed provided by this technology can meet the nutritional needs of red pandas during their growth process, such as the intake of essential fatty acids, amino acids, minerals, etc. At the same time, the addition of bamboo leaves, fruits and vegetables can further imitate their natural eating habits, thereby ensuring that the red pandas take in comprehensive and balanced nutrition.

[0017] In the present invention, the weight range of the cub is:

[0018] 1 day old, weight 110-150 g;

[0019] 7 days old, weight 160-220 g;

[0020] 15 days old, weight 260-310 g;

[0021] 30 days old, weight 420-780 g;

[0022] 60 days old, weight 680-1260 g;

[0023] 120 days old, weight 2600-2900 g;

[0024] 150 days old, weight 3200-3800g.

[0025] In the present invention, the fully artificial rearing comprises: as the age increases, the number of daily feedings is reduced from 6 to 3; within 1 to 120 days of age, the feeding amount of formula milk is increased from 24 to 42 g to 320 to 500 g; when the age is greater than 90 days, the feeding of concentrated feed, fruits, vegetables and bamboo leaves is increased.

[0026] Specifically, the feeding amount of formula milk for pups of different ages is as follows:

[0027] From 1 to 7 days old, the feeding amount of formula milk is 24 to 42g;

[0028] From 8 to 30 days old, the feeding amount of formula milk is 42 to 84 g;

[0029] From 31 to 60 days of age, the feeding amount of formula milk is 84 to 180 g;

[0030] From 61 to 90 days of age, the feeding amount of formula milk is 180 to 320 g;

[0031] From 91 to 120 days of age, the feeding amount of formula milk is 320 to 500g.

[0032] In the present invention, supplementary food is added according to different ages, specifically: at 91 to 120 days of age, the feeding amount of concentrated feed is 20g, the feeding amount of fruits and vegetables is 10g, and the feeding amount of bamboo leaves is ≥500g; at sub-adults (6 to 19 months of age), the feeding amount of concentrated feed is 200g, the feeding amount of fruits and vegetables is 30g, and the feeding amount of bamboo leaves is ≥1500g; at adults and the elderly (20 months to 10 years of age, and >10 years of age, respectively), the feeding amount of concentrated feed is 250g, the feeding amount of fruits and vegetables is 30g, and the feeding amount of bamboo leaves is ≥1800g.

[0033] In the present invention, the supplementary formula milk includes: the formula milk includes newborn puppy milk (Esbilac is selected here), infant milk powder stage I (Ruibun is selected here) and water, the total mass concentration of newborn puppy milk and infant milk powder is 7-20%; the feeding temperature is 36-38°C; before feeding, the perineum of the pup is wiped with a wet cotton ball to assist defecation; the daily feeding amount accounts for 17-25% of the pup's body weight; the formula milk includes newborn puppy milk, infant milk powder stage I, water, and lactase or lactic acid bacteria agent.

[0034] In the above, the amount of lactase or lactic acid bacteria added is, specifically, 1 drop of lactase preparation is added to 100g of the formula. The addition here is mainly for individuals from birth to 3 months old. For red pandas of small months old, lactase or lactic acid bacteria preparation is added to achieve the purpose of promoting gastrointestinal digestion and absorption in animals. The lactic acid bacteria preparation here can be conventionally used.

[0035] In the present invention, the total mass concentration of newborn puppy milk and infant milk powder is 7-15% for puppies aged 1-7 days; and the total mass concentration of newborn puppy milk and infant milk powder is 15-20% for puppies aged 7-21 days.

[0036] The invention adopts and has the beneficial effects:

[0037] The survival rate of red panda cubs is a key factor in determining the size of the red panda population, the healthy development of the population, and maintaining a high genetic diversity. In the past, the survival rate of red panda cubs was only about 60%, which greatly restricted the development of the captive red panda population. In view of the current status of artificial breeding and management of red pandas, this technical method is provided to solve this problem from the aspects of animal nutrition, breeding environment, breeding management technology, and disease prevention, resulting in a maximum survival rate of cubs of 91.6%. This provides technical support for other red panda breeding units, thereby improving the survival rate of red panda cubs and establishing a scientific, healthy, and stable captive red panda population. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0039] 1. Breeding environment: Red pandas are alert by nature during the breeding period, so a quiet and comfortable environment should be provided to reduce their stressful behaviors. The noise level in the breeding environment should not be higher than 60dB, the temperature should be controlled at 18℃~25℃, and the relative humidity should be 50%~70% to ensure sufficient air convection. Perinatal females should have an independent animal house (delivery room) with corresponding far-infrared video surveillance. The animal house should be mainly lit by natural light. One to two wooden nest boxes should be placed in relatively dark areas and corners. The nest boxes should have moisture-proof, heat-insulating, and breathable functions. The size should be 0.7m×0.5m×0.6m (length×width×height), and the bottom of the nest box should be covered with wood wool, straw or other appropriate bedding.

[0040] 2. Pregnancy monitoring and delivery:

[0041] Pregnancy monitoring: The gestation period of red pandas is generally 112 to 158 days, with an average of 135 days. Antibiotics, antiviral drugs and other drugs should not be used during this period. In the early stages of pregnancy, there are no obvious changes in the appetite, spirit and activity of red pandas, and it is difficult to determine whether they are pregnant from behavior and physiology. At this time, keepers should have more contact with the mothers, establish a close relationship, and increase their sense of security, so as to avoid excessive pressure and stress from postpartum feeding work. As the pregnancy time increases, the amount of activity decreases, they tend to be lazy and sleepy, their food intake increases, and their bodies become increasingly obese. In the late stages of pregnancy, their abdominal circumference increases significantly, they move cautiously and slowly, and they are not good at climbing and choose to rest mainly in low places. At this time, external interference should be reduced to prevent abortion due to stress.

[0042] Delivery: Red pandas usually give birth from May to July, with 1 to 2 cubs per litter, occasionally 3, and up to 5. Before delivery, the mother is extremely nervous, walking back and forth, licking her genitals from time to time, sometimes lying down, and sometimes squatting. The time required from uterine contraction to the birth of the first fetus varies from individual to individual, generally between 2 and 12 hours (some individuals give birth more than 24 hours and give birth to stillborn fetuses). The delivery posture is sitting and squatting, and the delivery time of the fetus is about 5 to 10 minutes. The fetus and the placenta are delivered together. The placenta and the fetus are connected by the umbilical cord. The mother then eats the placenta (some first-time mothers will eat the fetus and the placenta together), licks the bleating water on the cub, and the cub makes a slight cry, and the delivery is over.

[0043] After giving birth, the mother's feeding behavior and the condition of the cub should be observed. For example, if the mother feels uncomfortable with the environment, she will frequently grab the cub, which may cause the cub's neck to be bitten or even abandoned. If the cub cries frequently, it may be that the mother does not have enough breast milk and cannot get enough breast milk. If the cub screams continuously, it may be hurt by the mother. In addition, if the mother helps the cub clean the genitals too much, it may also cause inflammation and swelling of the genitals. When the above situations occur, the cub should be removed in time for examination, and artificial assisted child rearing or foster mother care should be carried out according to the situation.

[0044] 3. Health monitoring and feeding of cubs:

[0045] Cub health monitoring: The spirit, vitality, body temperature, excretion, etc. of the cubs should be observed daily; the appearance of the first feces of newborn cubs after birth is different from normal feces, which is a way to determine whether the cubs have been fed. If abnormalities are found, timely treatment or adjustment of feeding management plans should be made. The growth and behavioral development of cubs at different stages should be monitored, and artificial milk supplementation or full artificial rearing should be carried out in a timely manner for those whose weight does not meet the standard.

[0046] Newborn pups are placed in an infant incubator. The starting temperature should be 34°C, and it should be lowered by 0.5°C to 1°C every day. After one week, the temperature of the infant incubator should be maintained at 31°C. After 30 days of age, the temperature should be gradually reduced to 28°C and then maintained. Newborn pups are sensitive to temperature changes. By observing the behavior of the pups, you can judge whether the temperature is appropriate and adjust the temperature of the infant incubator in time. When the temperature is appropriate, the pups will be quiet and comfortable. If the temperature is too high, the pups will open their mouths and pant. If the temperature is too low, the pups will curl up or crawl under the covering towel.

[0047] Feeding: From birth to about 4 months of age, the first feeding interval of red panda cubs in fully artificial care is 4 hours / time. After two weeks, the interval is gradually extended to 6 hours / time. The daily feeding amount must be adjusted according to body weight, so daily weight monitoring of fully artificially raised red panda cubs is particularly important. In the first week, the daily formula feeding amount is about 25-30% of body weight (i.e. 4.2%-5% of body weight each time). The feeding amount must be recalculated according to body weight every 3 to 4 days. When the cub's weight is increasing, the proportion of daily feeding amount to body weight will gradually decrease. At 1 month old, the daily feeding amount is about 20%-25% of body weight; at 2 months old, it is about 16%-18% of body weight; at 3 months old, it is about 15% of body weight.

[0048] In the case of semi-artificial rearing, formula milk should be fed to the cubs according to the weight changes at different ages, and the amount of supplementary feeding should be determined according to the daily weight gain of the cubs.

[0049] After about 3 months of bottle feeding, a basin with a depth of 10mm to 15mm can be used instead of a bottle for feeding. At this time, in addition to formula milk, fresh bamboo leaves and a small amount of high-fiber biscuits, bamboo shoots, steamed bread and fruits can be gradually provided. As the cub's demand for solid food increases, the supply of formula milk will gradually decrease until it is completely weaned at 5 to 6 months of age.

[0050] The implementation process also includes:

[0051] 1. Steps of surrogacy:

[0052] Choose a female animal with rich experience in raising cubs and whose due date is close to that of the previous cub as a foster mother.

[0053] When the cubs are first placed in the foster mother's birthing nest, the scent of the foster mother's feces, urine, etc. is smeared on the cubs.

[0054] After diverting the foster mother's attention by means of food lure, the pup is quickly placed in the nest box. During the operation, the pup should be handled with care to prevent it from making any noise and irritating the foster mother.

[0055] Closely observe whether the foster mother accepts the cub. If any abnormality is found, remove the cub in time for artificial rearing.

[0056] 2. Diet types and feeding amounts are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1

[0058]

[0059] 3. See Table 2 for the weight range of pups.

[0060] Table 2

[0061] Age Weight / g 1 110～150 7 150～190 15 240～310 30 420～780 60 680～1260 120 2600～2900 150 3200～3800

[0062] 4. Artificial milk supplementation method:

[0063] Formula milk should be made of newborn puppy milk powder, infant milk powder stage 1 and water (45℃~50℃ boiling water). At the same time, it is necessary to add an appropriate amount of lactase or lactic acid bacteria preparation to promote animal digestion and absorption (for usage and dosage, please refer to the product instructions); the concentration of formula milk increases in a step-by-step manner according to the age and growth and development of the puppies (such as 7%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%), reaching 15% after one week and 20% after three weeks. The final formula milk formula is a mass ratio of newborn puppy milk powder, infant milk powder stage 1 and water of 1:1:8 until weaning.

[0064] The feeding temperature should be maintained at 36℃~38℃.

[0065] Before feeding, use warm and wet cotton balls to wipe the perineum of the puppies to promote defecation and urination.

[0066] When feeding, the keeper should put the milk into a sterilized bottle, lift and secure the cub's head, and slowly tilt and insert the nipple into the cub's mouth.

[0067] Feed once every 4 hours from 1 day to 5 days old, with each feeding amount of 3ml to 5ml. As the age increases, the number of feedings gradually decreases, and the feeding amount continues to increase. The daily feeding amount accounts for 25% to 17% of the body weight. The specific feeding amount should be adjusted based on daily weight gain, feces, etc.

[0068] After feeding, use a warm and wet cotton ball to wipe the remaining milk in the cub's mouth and give it some caressing, which will help the cub digest.

[0069] Example

[0070] 1. Rearing conditions

[0071] 1. Incubator (constant incubator)

[0072] Red panda cubs within two months of birth need to be placed in an incubator for feeding, with 1-2 red panda cubs in each incubator. The temperature setting in the incubator is adjusted according to the age and body temperature of the red panda cubs. The temperature is set to 34℃ when they are just born. As the cubs grow gradually, the temperature of the incubator will also decrease; because the body temperature of the cubs is high, the incubator temperature will tend to decrease rapidly. Generally, the temperature of the incubator can reach about 28℃ when the red panda cubs are one month old, and the humidity needs to be controlled at 60%-70%.

[0073] The incubator box needs to be fully wiped and disinfected with alcohol once a week, and should be wiped with clean water or alcohol in time according to the cub's activities and excretion. In good weather conditions, red panda cubs can be taken outdoors for short-term activities and sunbathing one month after birth (be careful to avoid direct sunlight in the cub's eyes).

[0074] 2. Wooden tatami

[0075] Red panda cubs aged 2-3 months can be raised in wooden tatami. The wooden tatami (2m wide and 3m long) used in the nursery room of the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda is surrounded by wooden boards about 0.8m high. At the same time, 0.8m high wooden boards are used for two horizontal and vertical partitions. The purpose is to place multiple cubs at the same time without interfering with each other or preventing cross-infection of germs, etc.; maintain a stable indoor temperature, humidity and good ventilation; after 3 months of age, the cubs need to be moved out to a regular breeding pen with an outdoor playground for breeding.

[0076] 2. Feeding process

[0077] breast-feeding

[0078] Choice of milk powder: newborn puppy milk (Esbilac), infant milk powder stage I (Rui Boon).

[0079] Feeding amount: Initially, the interval between feedings is 4 hours / time. After two weeks, the interval is gradually lengthened to 6 hours / time. The daily feeding amount must be adjusted according to body weight, so daily weight monitoring of fully artificially raised red panda cubs is particularly important. In the first week, the daily formula feeding amount is about 25% to 30% of body weight (i.e. 4.2% to 5% of body weight each time). The feeding amount must be recalculated based on body weight every 3 to 4 days. When the cub's weight is increasing, the proportion of daily feeding amount to body weight will gradually decrease. At 1 month old, the daily feeding amount is about 20% to 25% of body weight; at 2 months old, it is about 16% to 18% of body weight; at 3 months old, it is about 15% of body weight.

[0080] Choice of pacifier: For red pandas under 2 months old, a spherical rubber pacifier head is used, and for red pandas over 2 months old, a commercial milk bottle (standard caliber, round hole size S) can be used.

[0081] Feeding method: prepare milk powder, nutritional supplements (such as lactase, lactic acid bacteria preparations, etc.), milk warmer, milk bottle, sterile paper towels and wet cotton balls, etc. Before feeding, use warm and wet cotton balls to clean the perineum of the cub to promote defecation and urination. Then, according to the amount of milk to be fed to the animal, first draw warm water and then add milk powder and nutritional supplements to the warm water, tighten the bottle cap and hold it with both hands to shake it back and forth gently to fully dissolve the milk powder; when feeding, let the animal lie on a special pillow or cotton toy, gently fix the animal's head with one hand, hold the milk bottle with the other hand and put the nipple into the cub's mouth. The tilt angle of the milk bottle should be slowly increased according to the cub's swallowing speed, but it should not be greater than 45° in the end. The amount of milk from the nipple is only about half to avoid the animal choking on milk. After feeding, wipe the residual milk in the cub's mouth with a sterile paper towel and give some caressing to help digestion. At the same time, the animals' body temperature was measured after each feeding, and their body weight was weighed at 17:00 every afternoon to monitor their growth, and the data of the day was fully recorded and analyzed.

[0082] Table 3 Daily feeding amount and frequency at each stage

[0083] Age Formula milk (g) Number of feedings per day 1 to 7 days old 24～42 6 8-30 days old 42～84 5 31-60 days old 84～180 4 61-90 days old 180～320 3 91-120 days old 320～500 3

[0084] Supplementary feeding and food transition

[0085] Red pandas around 3 months old begin to transition from liquid food to solid food. While feeding formula milk, add bamboo leaves (fresh and tender), apple pieces, pear pieces, carrot pieces and other fruits and vegetables (10-20g). Increase or decrease the amount according to the animal's preference, and feed 1-2 meals a day.

[0086] 3.3 Daily feed

[0087] When young red pandas can completely eat bamboo leaves, fruits and vegetables, they should be fed 3-4 meals a day. The types of bamboo leaves and fruits and vegetables provided should be adjusted according to seasonal habits and should be high-quality and fresh. Provide a small amount at the beginning, and then the daily bamboo leaves supply should be small. At the same time, the total amount of fruits and vegetables should be controlled (see Table 4 below for specific feeding amounts).

[0088] The formula of concentrated feed is: by weight, 25% corn, 25% wheat bran, 18% rice, 15% soybeans, 10% eggs, 2% white sugar, 2% monocalcium phosphate, 1% heavy calcium carbonate, 1% salt, and 1% vegetable oil.

[0089] Table 4

[0090]

[0091] The weight changes of individual red pandas after the above-mentioned artificial rearing method are shown in Table 5.

[0092] Table 5

[0093]

[0094] From Table 5, we can see that the weight of the red panda cubs decreased in the first two days after birth due to water loss, but it has been steadily increasing since the third day. According to the daily observation, the red pandas are in good spirits, have a strong appetite, good vitality, and have shiny fur. It can be seen that the technology of artificially raising red pandas is relatively mature, and the specified feeding and management methods can enable red pandas to survive well in artificial breeding environments.

[0095] Technical effect:

[0096] The method of the invention is scientific, effective and highly operable. In recent years, the adoption of this technical method has steadily increased the breeding rate of red pandas, and the survival rate of cubs has increased from the initial 50% to 91.6%, which is at the leading level in the field of artificial breeding technology of red pandas.

[0097] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the survival rate of red panda cubs, It is characterized in that The steps include: S1 Arrange the feeding environment: control the noise, temperature and humidity of the feeding environment, and set up independent delivery rooms for perinatal females; S2 newborn pups are placed in an incubator and the temperature is adjusted according to their age; S3 rearing adopts full artificial rearing or semi-artificial rearing: in the full artificial rearing process, as the age increases, the chicks are first fed with formula milk, and then fed with formula milk, concentrated feed, fruits and vegetables, and bamboo leaves; in the semi-artificial rearing process, formula milk is supplemented.

2. The method for improving the survival rate of red panda cubs according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In S1, the noise level in the breeding environment should be controlled to be no higher than 60dB, the temperature should be controlled at 18℃~25℃, and the relative humidity should be 50%~70%.

3. The method for improving the survival rate of red panda cubs according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In S2, the starting temperature is 34°C, which is lowered by 0.5°C to 1°C daily. After 7 days, the incubator temperature is maintained at 31°C. After 30 days of age, the temperature is gradually reduced to 28°C and maintained there. The humidity in the incubator is controlled at 60-70%.

4. The method for improving the survival rate of red panda cubs according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In fully artificial rearing, the formula of concentrated feed is calculated by weight percentage: 20-30% corn, 20-30% wheat bran, 12-22% rice, 10-20% soybeans, 8-15% eggs, 1-3% white sugar, 1-3% monocalcium phosphate, 0.5-1.5% heavy calcium carbonate, 0.5-1% salt, and 0.5-1% vegetable oil.

5. The method for improving the survival rate of red panda cubs according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The weight range for pups is: 1 day old, weight 110-150 g; 7 days old, weight 160-220 g; 15 days old, weight 260-310 g; 30 days old, weight 420-780 g; 60 days old, weight 680-1260 g; 120 days old, weight 2600-2900 g; 150 days old, weight 3200-3800g.

6. A method for improving the survival rate of red panda cubs according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that Full artificial rearing includes at least one of the features (2-1) to (2-3): (2-1) As the age increases, the number of feedings per day decreases from 6 to 3; (2-2) From 1 to 120 days of age, the amount of formula milk fed increases from 24 to 42 g to 320 to 500 g; (2-3) When the baby is older than 90 days, increase the amount of concentrated feed, fruits, vegetables and bamboo leaves in the feed.

7. The method for improving the survival rate of red panda cubs according to claim 6, It is characterized in that Feature (2-2) includes at least one of features (2-2-1) to (2-2-5): (2-2-1) From 1 to 7 days old, the feeding amount of formula milk is 24 to 42 g; (2-2-2) From 8 to 30 days of age, the feeding amount of formula milk is 42 to 84 g; (2-2-3) From 31 to 60 days of age, the feeding amount of formula milk is 84 to 180 g; (2-2-4) From 61 to 90 days of age, the feeding amount of formula milk is 180 to 320 g; (2-2-5) From 91 to 120 days of age, the feeding amount of formula milk is 320 to 500 g.

8. The method for improving the survival rate of red panda cubs according to claim 6, It is characterized in that Feature (2-3) includes at least one of features (2-3-1) to (2-3-2): (2-3-1) From 91 to 120 days of age, the feeding amount of concentrated feed is 20g, the feeding amount of fruits and vegetables is 10g, and the feeding amount of bamboo leaves is ≥500g; (2-3-2) From 6 to 19 months old, the feeding amount of concentrated feed is 200g, the feeding amount of fruits and vegetables is 30g, and the feeding amount of bamboo leaves is ≥1500g; (1-3-3) For adults aged 20 months to 10 years and for those aged >10 years, the feeding amount of concentrated feed is 250g, the feeding amount of fruits and vegetables is 30g, and the feeding amount of bamboo leaves is ≥1800g.

9. The method for improving the survival rate of red panda cubs according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that The supplementary formula includes at least one of the features (3-1) to (3-5): (3-1) Formula milk includes newborn puppy milk, infant milk powder stage I and water, and the total mass concentration of newborn puppy milk and infant milk powder is 7-20%; (3-2) Feeding temperature is 36-38°C; (3-3) Use a wet cotton ball to clean the perineum of the pup before feeding; (3-4) The daily feeding amount is 17-25% of the pup's body weight; (3-5) Formula milk includes newborn puppy milk, infant milk powder stage I, water, and lactase or lactic acid bacteria agent.

10. The method for improving the survival rate of red panda cubs according to claim 9, It is characterized in that (3-1) includes at least one of features (3-1-1) to (3-1-2): (3-1-1) From 1 to 7 days old, the total mass concentration of newborn puppy milk and infant formula is 7 to 15%; (3-1-2) From 7 to 21 days of age, the total mass concentration of newborn puppy milk and infant formula is 15 to 20%.

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