Existing anchoring and shotcreting side slope ecological restoration technology and method with shrub planting as core

Abstract

The invention discloses an existing anchoring and shotcreting side slope ecological restoration technology and method with shrub planting as the core, a side slope vegetation hole environment improving device and a hole filling layered structure design are included, and the side slope vegetation hole environment improving device is mainly composed of a conical threaded drill bit, a connecting rod, a motor, a metal connecting hose, a pressure storage tank and an air compressor. The motor provides power for penetration of the gas injection needle head, and the air compressor provides power for injection of the plant nutrient solution; the vegetation hole layered structure comprises a bottom water retention layer, a base fertilizer layer, a nutrient soil layer and a surface covering layer; environment improvement is conducted on the vertical and horizontal directions of the planting holes through an environment improvement device, local dominant shrubs are planted in the planting holes, and local dominant vine plants are planted at the top of the slope to comprehensively and ecologically protect the slope; comprising the following steps: step 1, investigating and surveying plant communities and analyzing slope stability; step 2, slope vegetation hole environment improvement; 3, planting hole construction; and 4, slope top vine plant ecological slope protection construction is carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of slope engineering and ecological restoration technology, specifically to existing anchor spraying slope ecological restoration technology and methods with shrub planting as the core. This technology takes shrub planting as the core, combines in-hole environmental improvement, vegetation coverage and soil and water conservation measures, and builds a lasting and stable ecosystem under the condition of ensuring the stability of anchor spraying slopes by rationally selecting suitable vegetation types and optimizing planting techniques. Its technical characteristics take into account the coordinated development of engineering safety and ecological functions, effectively solve the drawbacks of traditional anchor spraying technology in damaging the ecological environment, improve the slope landscape effect, and greatly reduce the subsequent maintenance costs. This technology is widely used in the ecological protection and greening restoration of high and steep slopes in the construction of highway, railway and water conservancy infrastructure, and has significant environmental, economic and social benefits. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of infrastructure construction in my country, the construction of projects such as trains, high-speed railways, and highways has generated a large number of slope projects. Traditional slope support mostly uses rigid protection technologies such as anchor rods and shotcrete. Although these technologies can effectively improve the stability of the slope, there are a series of problems: 1) They ignore the coordination between ecological restoration and the surrounding landscape and are not in line with the green development strategy; 2) For highway anchor-sprayed slopes, the slope surface is light white, which is visually monotonous and dazzling, and can easily affect the driving safety of drivers and passengers; 3) The specific heat capacity of shotcrete material is about 1000 J / (kg·K). Its heat absorption and heat reflection characteristics cause the heat in hot weather to gather on the road surface, reducing the comfort and safety of driving.

[0003] In recent years, ecological slope protection technology has been promoted and applied. It includes ecological protection methods such as planting grass in geocells, planting grass in grids with soil filling, and spraying imported soil. These methods have solved the problems of greening and ecological restoration of slopes to a certain extent. However, the current ecological slope protection technology: 1) The ecological cover soil is usually thin (about 10 cm), and the soil is easily washed away in extreme climates with heavy rainfall. In extreme climates with continuous drought, the vegetation is easy to die or fall off, resulting in the fragility of the slope ecosystem and the difficulty in maintaining the restoration effect for a long time; 2) Due to the lack of irrigation system design, it is easy for vegetation to grow well in the early stage, but turn yellow or even die due to lack of water in the middle and late stages; 3) For ecological slope protection on steep rock slopes, including imported soil spraying technology, although it can quickly green the slope, it is difficult for the roots of vegetation to combine with the slope, and the ecological stability is poor.

[0004] The inventors have found that there are at least the following problems in the prior art that have not been solved:

[0005] (1) Soil erosion and loss are serious problems

[0006] Geocell, frame grass planting and soil spraying technologies usually rely on ecological soil covering, and the thickness of the soil covering is usually thin, that is, about 10cm. In heavy rainfall or extreme rainstorms, slope runoff will cause serious erosion and loss of soil covering and vegetation, making it difficult to achieve long-term stable vegetation coverage.

[0007] (2) Low vegetation survival rate

[0008] Existing technologies generally lack scientific irrigation system design. Especially under climatic conditions of continuous drought or insufficient rainfall, vegetation grows well in the early stage, but withers or even dies in the middle and late stages due to lack of water support, making the ecosystem fragile and the restoration effect difficult to maintain in the long term.

[0009] (3) Poor adaptability to high and steep rock slopes

[0010] High and steep rock slopes are mostly excavated rock or shotcrete slopes, with poor soil and poor adhesion. In the soil spraying and grass planting technology, the roots of vegetation are difficult to effectively combine with the underlying rock, resulting in poor vegetation survival rate and stability, and the greening effect does not meet expectations.

[0011] (4) Ecosystem fragility

[0012] Even if the vegetation survives in the short term, the problems of single vegetation species and unscientific configuration still exist. The ecosystem is easily disturbed by the external environment, including extreme climate, pests and diseases, and collapses, making it difficult to form a self-circulating stable ecosystem. To this end, the present invention designs an existing anchor spray slope ecological restoration technology and method with shrub planting as the core.

[0013] Therefore, the existing anchor spray slope ecological restoration technology has significant deficiencies in vegetation survival rate, long-term vegetation stability and ecosystem construction, and is difficult to cope with complex slope conditions and extreme climate impacts. For this reason, an innovative ecological slope protection technology is urgently needed, which can solve the problems of soil erosion and vegetation death by optimizing planting technology, improving ecological soil, and improving irrigation systems on the basis of ensuring project safety, comprehensively improving the slope greening effect and the stability of the ecosystem, and at the same time improving the landscape and driving experience of highway slopes. Summary of the invention

[0014] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an existing anchor spray slope ecological restoration and landscape improvement technology with shrub planting as the core, and to propose a solution with convenient construction, strong adaptability and low maintenance cost in view of the defects of the existing technology such as difficult fixation of ecological soil, lack of water in vegetation roots, fragile ecosystem and high later maintenance cost. The present invention comprehensively improves the slope greening effect, ecosystem stability and landscape integration by scientifically selecting shrub varieties, optimizing planting technology, and configuring irrigation and water storage systems, and provides support for long-term ecological restoration under complex slope conditions.

[0015] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an existing anchor spray slope ecological restoration technology with shrub planting as the core, including a slope vegetation hole environment improver design and a hole filling layered structure design, the slope vegetation hole environment improver design includes a planting hole ventilation control device, the planting hole ventilation control device is mainly composed of a tapered thread drill bit, a connecting rod, a motor, a metal hose, a pressure storage tank and an air compressor, in order to facilitate manual hand-held operation, the motor and the connecting line are placed inside the hand-held operating lever, and the motor start button is placed at the position of the hand-held operating lever handle, so that workers can start and stop the engine to control the drilling progress;

[0016] The two ends of the connecting rod are respectively connected to a motor and a tapered thread drill bit to provide power for drilling;

[0017] The bottom of the gas injection needle is connected to the tapered thread drill bit in a threaded connection manner, and the top of the gas injection needle is connected to the handheld operating rod in a threaded connection manner;

[0018] The gas injection needle is provided with multiple ventilation holes in a spiral arrangement along the length direction. The diameter of the ventilation holes is 2mm to 4mm, and 3 to 5 holes are provided every 10cm to ensure that the injected high-pressure gas is evenly distributed in the rock and soil layer;

[0019] The inside of the gas injection needle is a closed cavity, which is connected to a pressure storage tank through a metal hose. The pressure storage tank is implanted with plant nutrient solution and is connected to an air compressor through a metal hose. The air compressor provides power so that the plant nutrient solution is placed into the gas injection needle along the metal hose and then injected into the rock and soil through the air vent.

[0020] A flow meter and a pressure gauge are provided at the connection between the hand-held operating lever and the metal hose to control the injection pressure and flow of the vegetation hole environment improver;

[0021] The pressure of the internal cavity of the injection needle is controlled at 0.2MPa~0.8MPa. Too high pressure can cause excessive disturbance of the slope surface, while too low pressure will affect the effect of injecting nutrient solution. The injection flow rate is 0.1m 3 / min~0.5m 3 / min, adjusted according to the geological conditions of the slope;

[0022] Hole filling layered structure design

[0023] 10cm bottom water-retaining layer; choose: a) bentonite with strong water absorption and water retention performance; b) coconut bran and perlite with good moisture absorption, light weight and strong air permeability; c) coarse sand and pebbles for drainage and water accumulation. Mix the corresponding materials evenly and fill them to the bottom of the hole to store water and slowly release it to supply the roots of plants, while also preventing excessive water loss;

[0024] 10cm base fertilizer layer; choose: a) organic fertilizer: including farmyard manure, chicken manure and cow manure; b) biological fertilizer: including organic fertilizer containing microbial flora to improve soil activity; c) slow-release fertilizer: including compound fertilizer, that is, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio is 3:2:2; fertilizer and sandy soil are mixed in a ratio of 1:3 and evenly spread to provide the nutritional needs of plants in the early stage of growth;

[0025] 15cm nutrient soil layer; choose: a) loose fertile soil with a pH value between 5.5 and 7.5; b) organic matter: peat soil and humus soil, mix the organic matter, including 10% to 15% of the total soil, with the soil and fill it into the hole, compact it lightly, and retain a certain degree of looseness to provide a long-term and stable growth environment for the plant roots;

[0026] 5cm surface covering layer; choose straw and coconut fiber cloth to form a protective layer to prevent water evaporation and reduce rainwater erosion of the soil in the hole.

[0027] Preferably, the gas injection needle is made of stainless steel and high-strength alloy material, with a diameter of 1 cm to 3 cm and a length of 40 cm to 60 cm. The outer layer of the needle is wrapped with a polymer coating to reduce the resistance to piercing the soil.

[0028] The construction method of the existing anchor spray slope ecological restoration technology with shrub planting as the core includes the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Plant community survey and slope stability analysis

[0030] ① Investigation and research: Conduct on-site investigation of the anchor-sprayed slope to obtain environmental information on slope gradient, geological conditions and surrounding vegetation; statistically analyze the structural characteristics of the native dominant plant communities around the anchor-sprayed slope, and cultivate the surrounding dominant shrubs as the main vegetation for ecological slope protection, including drought-resistant, barren-resistant plants with well-developed root systems, such as Robinia, Forsythia, Vitex negundo and Coral Tree;

[0031] ② Stability analysis: The spacing of the shrub planting holes on the slope was initially planned to be 5m×5m. Considering the construction of the planting holes, that is, the adverse effects of the hole diameter and hole depth on the slope, the stability calculation of the anchor-sprayed slope was carried out based on the finite element analysis method and the limit equilibrium method; that is, according to the different heights, slopes, and geological conditions of the specific anchor-sprayed slopes, the reasonable shrub planting spacing was determined based on the stability analysis;

[0032] Step 2: Improvement design of slope vegetation hole environment

[0033] ① According to the planting hole spacing determined in the previous step, determine the location of the planting holes on the slope;

[0034] ② Determine 4 ventilation and injection holes at a position 40 cm above, below, left and right from the planting hole; the ventilation and injection holes are perpendicular to the slope surface; when the environment of the planting hole is improved for the first time, the pressure storage tank does not add plant nutrient solution, and air is injected around the planting hole to loosen the rock and soil around the hole and increase the air permeability of the rock and soil around the hole; when the environment of the planting hole is improved for the second time, the pressure storage tank adds an appropriate amount of plant nutrient solution and injects it around the planting hole, so that the rock and soil around the hole can store a certain amount of plant nutrient solution, which increases the survival rate of shrubs in the early stage of planting and under extreme climatic conditions; the injection pressure and injection flow rate are flexibly selected according to the geological conditions, hydrological conditions and altitude of the specific slope;

[0035] Step 3: Vegetation hole design and construction

[0036] ① Dig a hole with a diameter of 20cm and a depth of 40cm at the location of the planting hole. The hole should be perpendicular to the slope surface. The hole should avoid the steel bars in the original shotcrete surface layer.

[0037] ②In order to ensure the stability of vegetation growth in the later stage and the sealing of the shotcrete surface layer, a The length of the PVC pipe is 20cm, and the PVC pipe extends into the slope surface for at least 10cm. The PVC pipe and the sprayed concrete surface layer must be sealed with cement slurry;

[0038] ③ Implement a 10cm thick bottom water-retaining layer in the hole, then plant the selected shrubs, and then fill the hole with a 10cm thick base fertilizer layer, a 15cm thick nutrient soil layer, and a 5cm thick surface covering layer in sequence;

[0039] Step 4: Design and construction of ecological slope protection on the top of the slope

[0040] ① Select dominant vine plants for ecological slope protection around the slope, including creepers, Chinese ivy and trumpet creepers with high survival rate, fast growth, well-developed root system and few diseases and insect pests; use their rapid coverage and stress resistance to form rapid greening in the early stage of slope ecological restoration and reduce the impact of exposed slopes on the environment;

[0041] ② Set up a planting point every 2m along the slope outside the intercepting ditch at the top of the slope. The diameter of the planting hole is 30cm and the depth is 40cm. Place the selected vine plants in the pit and fill it with mixed nutrient soil, including 50% loose loam + 30% humus + 20% water retaining agent or biological fertilizer.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] 1. Ecological restoration effect

[0044] 1) Improve the survival rate of vegetation. In the design of the vegetation hole environment improvement, the ventilation and liquid injection device is used to inject air to loosen the rock and soil around the hole, and inject nutrient solution to improve the soil nutrient supply, which greatly improves the survival rate of shrubs in the early stage of planting. Practice shows that the survival rate of shrubs is increased to more than 90%, which is 20%-30% higher than the traditional technology;

[0045] 2) Build a stable vegetation ecosystem. Select dominant shrubs and vines around the slope as the main vegetation for ecological restoration. Combined with the setting of nutrient soil and water retention layer, the effective combination of root system and slope soil is promoted. After the shrub roots penetrate into the soil layer, an adaptive ecological circulation system is formed, which effectively enhances the drought resistance, erosion resistance and ecosystem stability of the slope;

[0046] 3) The rapid greening effect is remarkable. After the vine plants are planted on the top of the slope, they take advantage of their rapid growth and covering characteristics to cover more than 70% of the top of the slope within 2-3 months after planting. Combined with the growth characteristics of shrubs, the slope achieves a high greening rate within one year, greatly improving the landscape effect along the highway slope and enhancing the visual comfort and driving experience of drivers and passengers.

[0047] 2. Economic and social benefits

[0048] 1) Reduce the later maintenance cost, optimize the nutrient supply system, and select the dominant shrubs and vines around the slope, which are drought-resistant and barren-resistant, greatly reducing the frequency of later artificial irrigation and vegetation replanting. The maintenance cost is about 30%-40% lower than that of traditional slope protection technology;

[0049] 2) Environmental and social benefits: The introduction of vegetation can absorb automobile exhaust generated by road traffic and improve the air quality along the route. Slope greening effectively alleviates the visual fatigue of drivers and passengers, reduces the risk of traffic accidents, enhances the stability of the ecosystem in the slope area, and provides a suitable growth environment for local flora and fauna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is the elevation view of the slope of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the slope of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a design diagram of the planting hole ventilation and nutrient solution injection control device of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a partial enlarged view of the design of the planting hole ventilation and nutrient solution injection control device of the present invention.

[0054] In the figure: 1. ventilation and injection hole; 2. plant nutrient solution; 3. bottom water retention layer; 4. base fertilizer layer; 5. nutrient soil layer; 6. surface covering layer; 7. shrubs; 8. PVC pipe; 9. connecting rod; 10. motor; 11. hand-held operating lever; 12. connecting line; 13. hand-held operating lever handle; 14. motor start button; 15. flow meter; 16. pressure gauge; 17. metal hose; 18. pressure storage tank; 19. air compressor; 20. tapered thread drill bit; 21. high-pressure gas; 22. ventilation hole; 23. gas injection needle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] Example 1: Construction and implementation of an existing anchor-spraying slope ecological restoration system

[0057] A high and steep rocky road slope with a height of about 25m and a slope of about 60° was used as a pilot. The slope was supported by anchor sprayed concrete, and a water interception ditch was set on the top of the slope. Surface scouring occurred locally on the slope, and the overall vegetation coverage of the slope was less than 10%. It is planned to carry out ecological restoration and landscape improvement on the slope to enhance the stability and anti-scouring ability of the slope.

[0058] Implementation steps

[0059] Step 1: Plant community survey and slope stability analysis

[0060] Research Analysis:

[0061] 1) Investigate native plant communities around the pilot site, select drought-resistant, barren-tolerant, and well-developed root systems of Vitex negundo and Robinia pseudoacacia as the main planting objects; select fast-covering vines, including Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Campsis vine as auxiliary vegetation on the top of the slope; record the geological conditions, soil properties, and rainfall characteristics of the slope, and establish a slope stability analysis model;

[0062] 2) The finite element method was used to calculate the slope surface, and the planting hole spacing was set to 5m×5m, the planting hole diameter was 20cm, and the depth was 40cm. The stability of the slope was verified to ensure that the construction of the planting holes had no effect on the overall stability of the slope;

[0063] Step 2: Vegetation hole design and construction

[0064] 1) Dig vegetation holes with a diameter of 20 cm and a depth of 40 cm on the slope according to the designed spacing, while avoiding damaging the steel mesh of the anchor sprayed concrete; install a φ20 cm PVC pipe at the hole mouth, including inserting it into the slope surface at least 10 cm, and use cement slurry to seal the gap between the sprayed concrete face and the PVC pipe.

[0065] 2) The hole is filled in 4 layers. The bottom is filled with 10cm thick perlite to enhance the water retention capacity of the bottom of the hole; the second is filled with a 10cm thick mixture of organic fertilizer and sandy loam, that is, a 1:3 ratio; the third is filled with a 15cm thick mixture of humus and water retaining agent to provide long-term nutrients for the plants; and finally covered with 5cm thick coconut fiber cloth to prevent rain erosion and water evaporation;

[0066] Step 3: Design and construction of vegetation hole environment improvement

[0067] Ventilation and injection holes are set 40 cm above, below, left and right of each planting hole, including holes perpendicular to the slope, with a diameter of 1.5 cm and a depth of 50 cm; the first time, high-pressure gas is injected around the hole using an injection needle, that is, the pressure is controlled at 0.4 MPa, to loosen the rock and soil around the hole and improve soil aeration; the second time, plant nutrient solution is added to the pressure storage tank, that is, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 2:1:1, and the concentration is 0.5%, and it is evenly injected into the rock and soil through the ventilation and injection holes to increase the soil's nutrient storage capacity.

[0068] Step 4: Design and construction of ecological slope protection on the top of the slope

[0069] Planting holes with a diameter of 30cm and a depth of 40cm are dug every 2m along the outside of the intercepting ditch to plant vines such as creeper and trumpet creeper; the holes are filled with a mixture of 50% loose loam, 30% humus, and 20% water retaining agent; a support frame is set up in the initial stage to guide the vines to grow downward along the slope to achieve rapid coverage; a gravel layer is laid at the bottom of the intercepting ditch to buffer the flow rate of rainwater and reduce the erosion of the slope by surface runoff.

[0070] In summary: By reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 By comparing with Example 1, it is concluded that the present invention proposes an existing anchor-spraying slope ecological restoration technology and method with shrub planting as the core, which can solve the problems of soil erosion and vegetation dieback by optimizing planting technology, improving ecological soil, and perfecting irrigation systems on the basis of ensuring project safety, comprehensively improve the slope greening effect and the stability of the ecosystem, and at the same time improve the landscape and driving experience of the highway slope.

[0071] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, technique, article or equipment including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, technique, article or equipment.

[0072] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The existing anchor spray slope ecological restoration technology with shrub planting as the core includes the slope vegetation hole environment improver design and hole filling layered structure design, which is characterized by: The slope planting hole environment improver design includes a planting hole ventilation control device, which is mainly composed of a tapered thread drill bit (20), a connecting rod (9), an electric motor (10), a metal hose (17), a pressure storage tank (18) and an air compressor (19). To facilitate manual handheld operation, the electric motor (10) and the connecting line (12) are placed inside a handheld operating rod (11), and the start button (14) of the electric motor (10) is placed at the position of the handheld operating rod handle (13), so that workers can start and stop the engine to control the drilling progress. The two ends of the connecting rod (9) are respectively connected to a motor (10) and a tapered thread drill bit (20) to provide power for drilling; The bottom of the gas injection needle (23) is connected to the tapered thread drill bit (20) in a threaded connection manner, and the top of the gas injection needle (23) is connected to the handheld operating rod (11) in a threaded connection manner; The gas injection needle (23) is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes (22) in a spiral arrangement along the length direction, the diameter of the ventilation holes (22) is 2 mm to 4 mm, and 3 to 5 holes are provided every 10 cm to ensure that the injected high-pressure gas (21) is evenly distributed in the rock and soil layer; The interior of the gas injection needle (23) is a closed cavity, which is connected to a pressure storage tank (18) through a metal hose (17); the pressure storage tank (18) is implanted with a plant nutrient solution (2), and is connected to an air compressor (19) through the metal hose (17); the air compressor (19) provides power, so that the plant nutrient solution (2) is placed into the gas injection needle (23) along the metal hose (17), and then injected into the rock and soil body (2) through the air vent (22); A flow meter (15) and a pressure gauge (16) are provided at the connection between the hand-held operating rod (11) and the metal hose (17) to control the injection pressure and flow of the vegetation hole environment improver; The pressure of the internal cavity of the gas injection needle (23) is controlled at 0.2MPa to 0.8MPa. Too high pressure can cause excessive disturbance of the slope surface, while too low pressure will affect the effect of injecting nutrient solution. The injection flow rate is 0.1m 3 / min~0.5m 3 / min, adjusted according to the geological conditions of the slope; Hole filling layered structure design 10cm bottom water-retaining layer (3); select: a) bentonite with strong water absorption and water-retaining properties; b) coconut bran and perlite with good hygroscopicity, light weight and strong air permeability; c) coarse sand and pebbles for drainage and water accumulation prevention, mix the corresponding materials evenly, fill them to the bottom of the hole, so as to store water and slowly release it to supply the roots of vegetation, while also preventing excessive water loss; 10cm base fertilizer layer (4); select: a) organic fertilizer: including farmyard manure, chicken manure and cow manure; b) biological fertilizer: including organic fertilizer containing microbial flora to improve soil activity; c) slow-release fertilizer: including compound fertilizer, that is, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 3:2:2; fertilizer and sandy soil are mixed in a ratio of 1:3 and evenly spread to provide the nutritional needs of plants in the early stage of growth; 15 cm nutrient soil layer (5); Choose: a) loose and fertile soil with a pH value between 5.5 and 7.5; b) organic matter: that is, peat soil and humus soil. Mix the organic matter, including 10% to 15% of the total soil, with the soil and fill it into the hole, compact it lightly, and retain a certain degree of looseness to provide a long-term and stable growth environment for the plant roots; 5cm surface covering layer (6); choose straw and coconut husk fiber cloth to form a protective layer to prevent water evaporation and reduce rainwater erosion of the soil in the hole.

2. The existing anchor-spray slope ecological restoration technology with shrub planting as the core according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas injection needle (23) is made of stainless steel and high-strength alloy material, has a diameter of 1 cm to 3 cm, and a length of 40 cm to 60 cm. The outer layer of the needle is wrapped with a polymer coating to reduce the resistance of piercing the soil.

3. A construction method for the existing anchor spraying slope ecological restoration technology with shrub planting as the core, based on the existing anchor spraying slope ecological restoration technology with shrub planting as the core according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Plant community survey and slope stability analysis ① Investigation and research: Conduct on-site investigation of the anchor-sprayed slope to obtain environmental information on slope gradient, geological conditions and surrounding vegetation; statistically analyze the structural characteristics of the native dominant plant communities around the anchor-sprayed slope, and cultivate the surrounding dominant shrubs as the main vegetation for ecological slope protection, including drought-resistant, barren-resistant plants with well-developed root systems, such as Robinia, Forsythia, Vitex negundo and Coral Tree; ② Stability analysis: The spacing of the shrub planting holes on the slope was initially planned to be 5m×5m. Considering the construction of the planting holes, that is, the adverse effects of the hole diameter and hole depth on the slope, the stability calculation of the anchor-sprayed slope was carried out based on the finite element analysis method and the limit equilibrium method; that is, according to the different heights, slopes, and geological conditions of the specific anchor-sprayed slopes, the reasonable shrub planting spacing was determined based on the stability analysis; Step 2: Improvement design of slope vegetation hole environment ① According to the planting hole spacing determined in the previous step, determine the location of the planting holes on the slope; ② Determine 4 ventilation and injection holes (1) at a position 40 cm above, below, left and right from the planting hole; the ventilation and injection holes (1) are perpendicular to the slope surface; when the environment of the planting hole is improved for the first time, the pressure storage tank (18) does not add plant nutrient solution (2), and air is injected around the planting hole to loosen the rock and soil around the hole and increase the air permeability of the rock and soil around the hole; when the environment of the planting hole is improved for the second time, the pressure storage tank (18) adds an appropriate amount of plant nutrient solution (2) and injects it around the planting hole, so that the rock and soil around the hole stores a certain amount of plant nutrient solution (2), which increases the survival rate of shrubs in the early stage of planting and under extreme climatic conditions; the injection pressure and injection flow rate are flexibly selected according to the geological conditions, hydrological conditions and altitude of the specific slope; Step 3: Vegetation hole design and construction ① Dig a hole with a diameter of 20cm and a depth of 40cm at the location of the planting hole. The hole should be perpendicular to the slope surface. The hole should avoid the steel bars in the original shotcrete surface layer. ②In order to ensure the stability of vegetation growth in the later stage and the sealing of the shotcrete surface layer, a The PVC pipe (8) is 20 cm long, the PVC pipe (8) extends into the slope surface by at least 10 cm, and the PVC pipe (8) and the sprayed concrete surface layer are directly sheared and sealed with cement slurry; ③ A 10 cm thick bottom water-retaining layer (3) is implemented in the hole, and then the selected shrubs (7) are planted, and then a 10 cm thick base fertilizer layer (4), a 15 cm thick nutrient soil layer (5), and a 5 cm thick surface covering layer (6) are filled in the hole in sequence; Step 4: Design and construction of ecological slope protection on the top of the slope ① Select dominant vine plants for ecological slope protection around the slope, including creepers, Chinese ivy and trumpet creepers with high survival rate, fast growth, well-developed root system and few diseases and insect pests; use their rapid coverage and stress resistance to form rapid greening in the early stage of slope ecological restoration and reduce the impact of exposed slopes on the environment; ② Set up a planting point every 2m along the slope outside the intercepting ditch at the top of the slope, and make a planting hole The hole is 30cm in diameter and 40cm deep. The selected vine plants are placed in the pit and filled with mixed nutrient soil. Includes loose loam 50% + humus 30% + water retaining agent or biological fertilizer 20%.

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